Showing 47945 items
matching 1959-11
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National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Booklet, Australian Army, Australian Army: Signal Communications in the Army, Volume 11, Regimental Signalling Handbook, Part 3: Antennas for Regimental Signalling, 1968
A blue coloured cardboard cover with faded edges. There iinformation on the cover is in black. Top right corner there is the number 1 which is circled this is done in black texta. Under this reads 7610-66-029-9975. there are two punch holes down the left hand side and the booklet is held together by two metal staples.australia - armed forces - service manuals, signal communications, handbook, regimental signalling, atnennas for regimental signalling -
Returned Nurses RSL Sub-branch
Newspaper - Newspaper clipping, Susan Hudson, Desire to help young mothers proved catalyst for foundation of Maternal and Child Health Line / Carmel Therese Scarfe / Nurse / 27-1-1927 - 19-11-2012 / By Susan Hudson, [ca. late 2012 or early 2013]
Obituary about Carmel Therese Scarfe who was with the Royal Australian Naval Nursing ServiceThree column obituary with a photographcarmel therese scarfe, royal australian naval nursing service, ranns -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Manual (item) - (SP) AAP 711.55 CAC Collection - ATAR Engine Overhaul Manual Part 11 Accessories Book 7 Text, CAC Collection - ATAR Engine Overhaul Manual Part 11 Accessories Book 7 Text
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Ringwood and District Historical Society
Document, Certificate of Title - Crown Sections 12, 15, and Part of Section 20 (later including Warranwood, Vic.), Parish of Warrandyte, County of Evelyn - 11 June, 1898
A4 copies of Landata Victoria Historical Search documents - Vol 2687 Fol 537231.The Mutual Assurance Society of Victoria Limited of 406 Collins Street Melbourne, County of Bourke, is now the proprietor of an Estate in Fee-simple - 1,640 acres 3 roods 31 perches or thereabouts, being Crown Sections 12, 15, and part of Crown Section 20, Parish of Warrandyte, County of Evelyn. TRANSFER - 13th March, 1899 - 17ac 3rds 5per to The President Councellors and Ratepayers of the Shire of Lilydale (Part of Crown Section 20). -
Clunes Museum
Book, THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY 146 QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, THE HOLY BIBLE VOLUME 11. - 1. SAMUEL TO JOB
TRANSLATED CHRISTIAN BIBLE - ONE BOOK IN A SERIESBROWN COVER WITH IMPRINTED DETAIL ON EDGES OF THE FRONT AND BACK COVER PAGES 531-1026non-fictionTRANSLATED CHRISTIAN BIBLE - ONE BOOK IN A SERIES local history, book, religion, churches, st-pauls anglican -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Book, Zaffiri, Samuel, Hamburger Hill, May 11-20, 1969 (Copy 1)
The battle for Ap Bia Mountain, (Hill 937) Vietnam, 1969, became famous both for the dramatic and fierce battles involved and for the ensuing controversy in the media and on the floor of the United States Senate.The battle for Ap Bia Mountain, (Hill 937) Vietnam, 1969, became famous both for the dramatic and fierce battles involved and for the ensuing controversy in the media and on the floor of the United States Senate.ap bia (mountain) vietnam, united states senate, nva, a shau valley, hue, ho chi minh trail, 3d brigade, 101st airborne, 3d arvn regiment, 9th marine regiment, operation apache snow -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Book, Zaffiri, Samuel, Hamburger Hill, May 11-20, 1969 (Copy 2)
The battle for Ap Bia Mountain, (Hill 937) Vietnam, 1969, became famous both for the dramatic and fierce battles involved and for the ensuing controversy in the media and on the floor of the United States Senate.The battle for Ap Bia Mountain, (Hill 937) Vietnam, 1969, became famous both for the dramatic and fierce battles involved and for the ensuing controversy in the media and on the floor of the United States Senate.ap bia (mountain) vietnam, united states senate, nva, hue, tet offensive, ho chi minh trail, 3d brigade, 101st airborne, 9th marine regiment, 3d arvn regiment, operation apache snow, a shau valley -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Booklet, British Army, Signal Communications In The Army, Volume IV: Procedures, Pamphlet 11, Communication Security, 1965
A blue coloured cardboard cover with black information on the front. Near the top right corner reads Army Code No 70118. There are two punch holes and two rusted metal staples down the left hand side.british armed forces - service manuals, signal communications, security -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Album, Home to Stawell Celebrations with Souvenir Album presented to Stawell Borough Council in 1930 which includes Borough Councillors and Mayors 1929 & Past Mayors of Borough of Stawell 1869-1929 11 Photos
Home to Stawell Celebrations 1930 Souvenir Album presented to Stawell Borough Council Dec 17 1930. Includes Borough Councillors and Mayors 1929 and Past Mayors of Borough of Stawell 1869-1929stawell government -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Manual - Pilot's Notes - Hawker Sea Fury, Pilot's Notes for Sea Fury 10 & 11
Technical overview of controls, systems & operations for Sea Fury pilots, circa 1950Manual in booklet form non-fictionTechnical overview of controls, systems & operations for Sea Fury pilots, circa 1950pilot's notes -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Booklet, Army Headquarters, Army Headquarters: Training Information Bulletin, Number 11, 1966, 1966
A cream coloured cardboard cover with black information on the front of the cover. Bottom left hand corner reads Army Headquarters, Camberra ACT. Bottom right hand corner reads Directorate of Military Training, September, 1966. There are two metal staples down the left hand side of the booklet. The booklet is covered with a plastic cover.army headquarters, training, information bulletin -
Darebin Art Collection
Print - Victor Majzner, Victor Majzner, Images of Tanya (Chapter 11), 2001
screenprint -
Merbein District Historical Society
Journal - Quarterly, Merbein Historian - Journal MDHS - No 11 (ex. The Newsletter) (2 copies), Mar.2003
polio epidemic, n. bean corbould (house of), nelson f. welington, elias bennett, merbein police residence, e.e. dawson, elsie mckay, merbein - mildura bus -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Newsletter, Newsletter, No. 11, March 1980
Contents: • Annual General Meeting Agenda • A decade of history – some impressions of Eltham in the 1970s • Eltham, England • Nillumbik Historical Society The Shire of Eltham Historical Society was formed in October 1967. The first newsletter of the Society was issued May 1978 and has been published continuously ever since on a bi-monthly basis. With the cessation of the Shire of Eltham in late 1994, the Society's name was revised to Eltham District Historical Society and this name first appeared with issue No. 103, July 1995. The collection of the Society's newsletters provides a valuable resource on the history of the Society's activities, office bearers and committee members, guest speakers and subjects of historical interest pertinent to the former Shire of Eltham and the Eltham District.A4 photocopied newsletter distributed to membersnewsletter, eltham district historical society, shire of eltham historical society -
Merbein District Historical Society
Book (Item), Sunraysia Daily Mildura Vol 11, 1978-1981
sunraysia births deaths marriages -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Minute Book, Eltham Public Hall Social Committee Minute Book, 4 May 1944 to 11 December 1947, 1944-1947
In September 1937, a group of ladies met to form a Ladies’ Committee to assist the General Committee in raising funds for a Public Hall. Those present were Mrs Allen, Mrs Bowman, Mrs Hickey, Mrs Rains, Mrs Boake and Mrs Lyon. As there were only six present, they elected to remain in the interim as a Social Committee to arrange catering, etc., for the two dances that had been arranged for September 29th and October 30th of that year. Both those dances proved a great success. Mrs McAdie joined the committee in October. The Ladies’ Committee was officially formed at a combined meeting of the General and Ladies’ committees held on April 6th, 1938. Mrs Boake agreed to be President, Mrs Lyon as Secretary and Mrs Rains as Assistant Secretary. Other members included Mrs Browne, Mrs Forde, Mrs Jarrold, Mrs Bradbury and Mrs Taylor. By 1941 their numbers had grown to include Matron Wilson, and Mesdames Andrew, Brinkkotter, Cloney, Walker, Parsons, Crick, Ballenger, Travena, Hurst, Shields and Le Brocq . A number of these ladies eventually became part of the Women’s Auxiliary of the Eltham War Memorial Trust. Councillor A. Brinkkotter, secretary of the Hall Committee, noted that Eltham had succeeded, after many long years of fighting, in erecting a new hall and civic centre which had been badly needed. “It took a long time to convince the Council of the necessity for a new hall and civic centre in Eltham.” “The councillors, in looking after the interests of all sections of the rate payers, could not see that such a move was necessary. But finally the Hall Committee proved that such a move was not only advisable, but would prove a financial asset to the Shire.” “This committee had to put down £1,500 in cash before the work on the hall began, and to enable the committee to do this, residents loaned them money free of interest for 12 months. In addition the committee has guaranteed to pay the Council £100 a year for the next ten years.” “The borrowed money has to be repaid to the lenders, and I hope that the public will realise this and support the functions which have been and will be arranged by the Hall Committee to enable them to return the money as soon, as possible.” At the opening gala for the Public Hall, Mr. G. L. Chandler, M.L.C. said “It speaks volumes for those people who have worked for many years for the hall. I know of no other place where the residents have handed over £1,500 for the erection of a hall and guaranteed the balance of the cost. You will always find the few who say ‘Time is not opportune.’ In these days you have to make your opportunities.” “Before any town can advance, a civic spirit must exist in the residents, and I hope the people will support the Hall Committee which has the interests of this district at heart.”Background workings for the funding of a Public Hall at Eltham. The funding was provided by public subscription and the money loaned to Council to build the hall. The hall was part of the new Eltham Shire offices located at the corner of Main Road and Arthur Street. A similar funding approach was used a few years later to provide for the Eltham War Memorial located on the opposite side of Main Road.The "Vana" Exercise Book, faint lined each page, approx. 70 pages; last approx 14 pages blank Minutes (incomplete) for 1947 meetings on loose pages torn out from a separate book and inserted loosely at endarthur street, eltham public hall, eltham public hall ladies committee, eltham public hall social committee, main road, minute book -
Alfred Hospital Nurses League - Nursing Archive
Book - Illustrated book, Bruce Ford, The wounded warrior and rehabilitation. Including the history of No 11 army general hospital/Caulfield rehabilitation hospital, 1996
A history of Caulfield General Medical Centre, including the No 11 Army General Hospital/Caulfield Rehabilitation Hospital and the Royal Southern memorial Hospital Adapting rehabilitation to changing conditions of two World Wars, polio outbreaks to care of the elderly and accident victimsSepia photograph of soldiers and nurses on front and back cover. Portrait of the author, Bruce Ford on back cover also, Title on front cover and spine in black print on orange background. Authors name in white print on black background on front cover. Authors name in black print on spine. Donation sticker also on front cover. Contains numerous black and white illustrationsA history of Caulfield General Medical Centre, including the No 11 Army General Hospital/Caulfield Rehabilitation Hospital and the Royal Southern memorial Hospital Adapting rehabilitation to changing conditions of two World Wars, polio outbreaks to care of the elderly and accident victimsaustralia army general hospital 11th, caulfield general medical centre - history, caulfield hospital - history, royal southern memorial hospital - history, world war 1914-1918 - medical care - victoria, world war 1939 -1945 - medical care - victoria, soldiers - rehabilitation - victoria, military hospitals - victoria - history, artificial limb factory, hospitals - rehabilitation services - australia -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Magazine - The BASI Journal - Bureau of Air Safety Investigation, The Basi Journal 11
Articles on dangerous goods, safety monitoring, flight in to hail , aircraft accidents, seat cushions . Circa March 1992MagazineArticles on dangerous goods, safety monitoring, flight in to hail , aircraft accidents, seat cushions . Circa March 1992 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Courier Ballarat, "Souvenir of our trams", 11/09/1971 12:00:00 AM
Newspaper clipping from the Ballarat Courier of 11/9/1971 reviewing the book "The Ballarat Tramways" by Keith Kings - 75cents. Has two photos in story, bogie tram 43 and horse tram 7. Gives details of the production, publisher, size and scope of the book. Copy 2 added 9-11-2018 from donation of Glenise Kellett.In blue ink in the upper middle of the cutting "11/9/71"trams, tramways, closure, keith kings, souvenirs -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Administrative record - Memorandum, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "Tramways Advertising", 27/11/1959 12:00:00 AM
Demonstrates the method of advising the Ballarat branch of advertising panels and the advertisers., Demonstrates the method of advising the Ballarat branch of advertising panels and the advertisers.Memorandum on Electricity Supply Department letterhead, quarto paper typed, from Engineer and Manager (Melbourne) to Manager Ballarat Branch, dated 27/11/1959, advising the despatch of advertising panels for use on the single truckers, one per tram - Four Wakefields (Castrol) and one Cinzano and Gia (Wines). Response sought on when installed. trams, tramways, advertisements, marketing, sec -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Shotgun Double Barrel, 1904
Hollis Brothers were first recorded trading from 11 Weaman Row in 1840 but appear to have started trading a little earlier. The firm later became Isaac Hollis & Sons and claimed establishment from 1814. Richard & William Hollis were recorded trading in Bath Street Birmingham from 1814 to 1818 so it may be that the Hollis brothers were descended from them. The brothers were Isaac Hollis (1815) and Frederick Hollis (birth date unknown), but Frederick died 20 December 1839. Isaac was recorded in the 1841 census living in Weaman Row. He was a 25-year-old gun and pistol maker, married to Emma 1821. They had two children, Isaac (1837), and Henry (1839). After Frederick died, Isaac carried on trading under the name of Hollis Brothers until 1845 when he re-named the business Hollis Brothers & Co who traded up to 1848. In 1844 Isaac entered into a short term partnership with William Tranter at 10 & 11 Weaman Row, presumably to complete a particular contract or supply certain parts, this partnership lasted until 1849. In 1848 Isaac took in Isaac Brentnall Sheath as a partner, and the firm of Hollis & Sheath was established, expanding into 10 Weaman Row. Hollis & Sheath were licensed makers of percussion breech-loading guns. in 1861 the firm changed its name to Isaac Hollis & Sons on the departure of Isaac Brentnall Sheath. Isaac Sheath died in July 1875 By about 1870 Isaac Hollis and Henry Hollis had taken over the day to day running of the business. Isaac Hollis was responsible for the overall management and the marketing of the firm's products. Henry was responsible for manufacturing. The firm became volume producers of inexpensive trade guns and sporting guns for the South African and the British colonies. In 1870 the firm opened a shop at 44a Cannon Street in London; in 1871 this moved to 83 Cheapside. Isaac Hollis Jnr died October 1875 in Birmingham aged 37. He was never married and in 1876/1877 Henry registered a limited liability company, Isaac Hollis & Sons Ltd, but by 1879 they were again trading as Isaac Hollis & Sons. From 1879 the London shop was at 6 Great Winchester Street. From 1932 to 1933 the London business traded as Hollis, Bentley & Playfair Hollis, Bentley & Playfair finally closed in Birmingham in 1953.The shotgun is not in pristine condition and is not very significant historically or valuable, although made by a well known and respected manufacturer of firearms there are many better examples of Issac Hollis and Sons shotguns in collections and for sale. This particular example is of a standard pattern for utilitarian use of which many were made.Shotgun, double barrel, 12 gauge, with cleaning rod. Right barrel has been cut shorter and has sharp edges on the muzzle. Metal stock extension, cleaning rod comprising 3 pieces that screw together. Gun is stored in a black painted, wooden case with hinged lid. Inscribed "I. HOLLIS & SONS", SN 84245. "I. HOLLIS & SONS". SN on stock “84245”. Badge on both sides “Crown [symbol] / BV”. “Crown [symbol] / NP”, “12G inside Diamond [symbol]”, “NITRO PROOF”, “STEEL 84245” Paper note included with gun, written in felt tip pen “ENTERPRISE”. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shotgun, double barrel shotgun, isaac hollis and son, birmingham, i hollis and sons, gun makers, sporting firearm, south african firearm market, rifles for british government, hollis, bentlely and playfair -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, The "Q" Theatre Guild, Blossom Time, 1959
The "Q" Theatre Guild was formed out of the Kew Light Opera Company in 1957. It marked the transition of the company that had initially been directed by Lance Nicholls to one directed by Beatrice Oakley. It continued to perform in the Kew Recreation Hall, but, with its demolition in 1960, and the opening of the new Kew City Hall in Cotham Road, moved its productions to that venue. Productions of the "Q" Theatre Guild included The Geisha (1957), Maritana (1958), They All Do It (1959), Blossom Time (1959), Love's A Luxury (1959), There And Back & The Bohemian Girl (1960), Die Fledermaus (1960), Gay Rosalinda (1961), The Land Of Smiles (1961), Kisses For A Kid & Hansel And Gretel (1961), Die Fledermaus (1962), Monsieur Beaucaire (1964), Macbeath or The Beggar's Opera, and So To Bed.The scrapbook of annotated photographs, programmes, and newspaper reviews of which this item is a part was assembled by Marion Tilley, wardrobe mistress for, and performer in, productions by the Kew Light Opera Company and the "Q" Theatre Guild. It is significant as a remarkably complete document of theatre performances in Kew, Victoria during the 1950s and 1960s. The scrapbook, and the items individually catalogued within it, have artistic and aesthetic significance within the history of performing arts in Victoria in the middle of the 20th Century. They have social significance in that they reveal socio-cultural values and preoccupations during the period. The records also act as a history of arts activities in the Kew Recreation Hall and later in the Kew City Hall as entertainment and community arts and music precincts.Faded photograph of Jeanette Rayment in full costume in the Royal Botanical Gardens to promote The "Q" Theatre Guild's performances of Blossom Time during the Moomba Festival of 1959. The performances took place in the Alexandra Gardens. Rayment played the role of Therese in the production.Marion Tilley, the creator of the scrapbook, wrote the following underneath the photograph: "Jeanette Rayment, Botanical Gardens, promoting Blossom Time."performing arts -- kew (vic.), scrapbooks, marion tilley collection, 'q' theatre guild, musical comedy -- melbourne -- victoria, kew recreation hall -
Port Fairy Historical Society Museum and Archives
Ceremonial object - medal, Stokes and Co
H.H.Hindhaugh 1959 awarded medal Life Governorship of Freemason Homes of Victoriaenameled medal with blue grograin ribbon and bar with pin in cardboard boxLife Governor- Freemasons Home of Victoria- reverse: 67- H.H.Hindhaugh 1959h.h.hindhaugh, freemason, home, life governorship, victoria -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Sketch or engraving, workers, Swallow & Ariell, Australasian Sketcher, 11 Feb 1882
Sketch/Engraving of workers at Swallow & Ariell Factory, showing kneading the dough and taking the biscuits out of the machine. Australasian Sketcher 11-02-1882On rear: 24. S&A Australasian Sketcher 11 Feb 1882. P44industry - manufacturing, industry - food, swallow & ariell ltd -
Federation University Art Collection
Work on paper - Artwork - Printmaking, 'Untitled', by Ludwig Hirshfeld-Mack, 1959
Ludwig HIRSCHFELD-MACK (1893-1965) Born 11 July 1893, Frankfurt am Main, Germany In 1940 Hirschfeld-Mack was deported to Australia from England as an enemy alien in the Dunera. He was interned at Hay and Orange, New South Wales, and at Tatura, Victoria. There he made a number of woodcuts that illustrated life under detention. Released in 1942 through the sponsorship of (Sir) James Darling, headmaster of Geelong Church of England Grammar School, Hirschfeld-Mack was appointed its art master. He promoted his pupils' self-knowledge, introduced them to avant-garde painting techniques, and encouraged wood-carving, weaving, musical instrument-making, leatherwork and other crafts. (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hirschfeld-mack-ludwig-10510, accessed 29 June 2016) He died on 7 January 1965 at Allambie Heights, Sydney Framed abstract paintingSigned in pencil lower left hand side 'L.H.Mack 1959'art, artists, mack, hirschfeld-mack, ludwig hirschfeld-mack, ludwig hirshfeld-mack, printmaking, monoprint, bauhaus -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Slide, John Webster, 10/11/1961 12:00:00 AM
Colour slide, Kodak, white cardboard of MMTB Scrubber tram No. 8 in Slide dated 10-11-1961Hand writing on rear in ink "10-11-61, Service Stock Service Stock No. 8"trams, tramways, scrubber tram, work trams, tram 8 -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Document - Ticket - See How They Run (by the Glenelg Players), May-59
Ticket, green card with black lettering for "See How They Run", by the Glenelg Players at Casterton Town Hall on Monday May 11, 1959.Back: 'C8' - blue biroamateur dramatics, local theatre, glenelg players, play -
National Wool Museum
Card
This card is the eleventh in a set of 16 information cards produced by the Stamina Clothing Company re: Australian Woollen Mills as give aways. It looks the process of warping.Card no. 11 from the Crusader Mills information card set, c.1945-55. Verso of card no. 11 from the Crusader Mills information card set, c.1945-55.No. 11 Warping the two-fold yarn at the Crusader Mills.australian woollen mills pty ltd stamina clothing company, warping -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Document - Travel diary used by Dr Margaret Alison Mackie, 1959
Dr Margaret Alison Mackie travelled overseas in 1959, for both work-related and recreational purposes. The diary details her impressions of hospitals she visited (sometimes with sketches), her thoughts on the RCOG Congress, and general accounts of her travels. Both Dr Mackie and her sister, Isobel, were keen diarists. Dr Margaret Alison Mackie (1910-1991) was in active practice between 1936 and 1970. She was a Fellow of the College, and was appointed a Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for services to medicine in 1975. Blue leatherbound travel diary. Printed text on the front cover of the diary reads 'Travel Diary/WITH COMPLIMENTS/EDWARDS DUNLOP/AND COMPANY LIMITED'. Diary is filled with handwriting detailing the activities of the diarist during 1959. -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Can Opener
It took 15 years to invent the can. It took 100 more to invent a standard way to open it. In the 19th century, decades after the invention of canning, there were virtually no can openers. Canned food, such as sardines, came with its own "key" to peel back the tin lid. Birth of the can One of the oddest things about the can opener is that the can predates it by almost 150 years. Though common today, cans were once military-grade technology. In 1795, Napoleon, to whom the phrase "an army marches on its stomach" is attributed, offered 12,000 francs to anyone who could find a way to preserve food. Without any knowledge of bacteria or their role in food spoilage, scientists didn't even know where to begin. It took 15 years before a chef named Nicholas Appert claimed the prize after successfully jarring food. Soon after that, his countryman Philippe de Girard came up with a variant on Appert's method—metal tins—and sold the idea to the British. Spoiled food, and the sickness it caused, was a widespread problem. The public would have benefited from canned food, but for decades cans were almost exclusively for the army and the navy. The canning process, with its hours of boiling and steaming, its scrupulous cleanliness, its heated metal, and its need for a great deal of disposable material, made canned food far too expensive for anyone but the military. No can openers were needed or even possible. The metal of early cans was too thick to make openers practical. Soldiers and sailors had plenty of sharp objects on hand and made ample use of them when they wanted to eat. During the 19th century, the process of canning was refined and mechanised, and the metal wall of the average can slimmed down enough that a civilian could get it open—if that civilian had the right tool. No one had that tool yet, so early cans had to open themselves. In other words, they came with built-in openers. The result was a confusing but pleasing free-for-all, in terms of product engineering. Each type of food came with its own kind of can, and each kind of can came with its own kind of opener. Tinned fish and meat were often sold in rectangular cans. These cans were fitted with a "key" that would roll down the top of the can. Coffee, beans, and other types of meat were packaged in cylinders with metal strips that could be peeled back with their own kinds of built-in keys. Cans of milk, which didn't need to be completely opened, came with puncture devices. As tinned food became more common, its containers became more regular. A nice cylindrical can became the norm, and, as these cans filled kitchens, more engineers put their minds to finding a convenient way to open all of them. The first standalone can opener worked on a simple principle: point, stab, and pull. From the mid-19th century to the end of World War I, the typical can opener looked roughly like a wrench, if the lower 'jaw' of the wrench were replaced with a blade. People used the blade to puncture the top of the can near its edge, push the upper jaw against the side of the can, and drag the blade through the metal along the rim. Because meat was the first and most popular canned substance, these can openers were often shaped to look like cows and given the nickname 'bully beef can openers'. The bully beef can opener, popular in the mid-19th century, resulted in many lost fingers. Bully beef can openers were so common, effective, and sturdy that they are still frequently available on collectors' sites. Some are advertised as “still working,” and every last one of them is, without a doubt, soaked in the blood of our ancestors. Dragging a sharp blade along the edge of a can is certain to cause injury sooner or later. So once people got a reliable can shape and a reliable way to get the can open, the search was on for a reliable way to get a can open without the possibility of losing a finger. The answer came in 1925, from the Star Can Opener Company of San Francisco. This is probably the first can opener that resembles the one people have in their kitchens today. Instead of using a blade to pry open a metal can, buyers could clamp the edge of the can between two wheels and twist the handle of one of the wheels to move the blade around the lip. The Star can openers weren't perfect. Compared to the bully beef model, they were flimsy and breakable, but they probably prevented a few injuries. Six short years after the Star model came to market, the first electric can opener was invented. It was patented in 1931 by the Bunker Clancey Company of Kansas City, who had already been sued by the Star Can Opener Company for trying sell a double-wheeled can opener like the Star model (the case was dismissed). The electric can opener must have seemed like the wave of the future and a sure-fire seller, but it proved to be too far ahead of its time. In 1931 not that many households had electricity, and those that did weren't interested in buying can openers. The Bunker Clancey Company was subsequently bought by the Rival Company, which still makes small appliances like can openers today. It took another 25 years for electrically powered can openers to become practical. In the 1950s, Walter Hess Bodle and his daughter, Elizabeth Bodle, developed an electric can opener in the family garage. Walter came up with the opener's blades and motor, and Elizabeth sculpted the outside. Their can opener was a free-standing unit that could sit on the kitchen counter. The Udico brand of the Union Die Casting Company put it on the market in time for Christmas in 1956 and had great success with it. Over the next few years it came out in different styles and colours, and, like the bully beef can opener, has become a collector's item. Also like the bully beef model, Udico can openers often still work. They don't make 'em like they used to. Although there have been some design changes and refinements over the last sixty years, there have yet to be any more leaps forward in can opener technology. If you're resentfully opening a can, you are almost certainly doing it using the Star design, manually forcing the can between two wheels, or the Bodle design, clamping the can into a free-standing electrical opener. Whether or not you enjoy your holiday meals, at least you can be happy that you are not getting poisoned by your own food or cutting open your hand with the blade you use to get at it. That's something, right?The can opener is still a very important and essential item in most kitchens.Can opener, right handed, metal, upper blade section serrated, inscription 'Peerless Pat.Feb 11-90'.Peerless Pat.Feb 11-90flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, cannning, can opener, kitchen equipment