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National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Photograph, Gibbons, Denis, Infantry Training 2
Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph of assembled Infantry Diggers receiving instructions using a wood and hessian helicopter 'mockup' to practice embarking and disembarking during training at the Australian Army Infantry Centre, Ingleburn New South Wales, Australia. The diggers were completeing their Infantry Corps training prior to being posted to Battalions (Dec 1965).photograph, australian army infantry centre, ingleburn nsw, infantry, gibbons collection catalogue, denis gibbons, photographer, vietnam war, diggers, infantry diggers, mock up helicopter, infantry corps training -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Photograph, Gibbons, Denis, Infantry Training 4
Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection.A black and white photograph of assembled Infantry Diggers receiving instructions using a wood and hessian helicopter 'mockup' to practice embarking and disembarking during training at the Australian Army Infantry Centre, Ingleburn New South Wales, Australia. The diggers were completeing their Infantry Corps training prior to being posted to Battalions (Dec 1965).photograph, australian army infantry centre, infantry, ingleburn nsw, digger, gibbons collection catalogue, denis gibbons, photographer, vietnam war, infantry diggers, mock up helicopter, infantry corps training -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Photograph, Gibbons, Denis, Infantry Training 5
Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph of assembled Infantry Diggers receiving instructions using a wood and hessian helicopter 'mockup' to practice embarking and disembarking during training at the Australian Army Infantry Centre, Ingleburn New South Wales, Australia. The diggers were completeing their Infantry Corps training prior to being posted to Battalions (Dec 1965).photograph, australian army infantry centre, ingleburn nsw, gibbons collection catalogue, infantry diggers, mock up helicopter, infantry corps training, diggers -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Container - Tin, McKenzies Foods, circa 1930s
This tin once contained McKenzie’s baking powder, a cooking ingredient. It was donated with other similar tins that were used by the donor’s mother who was married in 1932. It those times in Australia all manner of household items, including food and drink, were sold by hawkers (salesmen) who travelled from door to door in both suburban and rural areas. The donor remembered the bicarb soda tin on her mother’s pantry shelf. The McKenzie’s Baking Powder label adds the information that the ingredients were “Prepared with Aerophos, Regd. Trade Mark, the finest raising ingredient. A product of Albright & Wilson, Australia Pty. Ltd.” It also says that it “Excels all others in use”. The company began in Melbourne in 1852 and continues today, now run be the fifth generation of descendants from the original owners. This tin originates in the early 1900s from an Australian company that is now managed by fifth generation descendants of the original family after its inception in 1852. The tin increases in significance for its use as a recognised object found in many Australian kitchens since early days. It gives a snapshot into domestic life and social norms of the pre and post war period in Melbourne The tin is significant for its association with a local family in the 1930s for the preparation of family meals. Tin container, cylindrical, with cream and green paper label with gold highlights, motif and text. Used for selling McKenzie’s Excelsior baking powder. Container has push-on lid. Quantity of 1LB. NET. Made in Australia by McKenzie Ltd.Text includes “CLIFFORD LOVE, McKENZIE PTY. LTD.” “McKENZIE’S EXCELSIOR / BAKING POWDER”. Motif: man’s portrait within oval frame with wheat sheaf border, placed below figures of sun, moon and stars. Information and instructions. flagstaff hill asset, baking powder tin, container, flagstaff hill museum, kitchen item, cooking ingredients, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, tin, cooking ingredient, food container, grocery, cookery, rising agent, baking powder, mckenzie, mckenzie foods -
Montmorency/Eltham RSL Sub Branch
Hat, Utility, Camouflaged
Camouflage pattern (black, green, brown, khaki) cotton 'giggle' hat. Four brass ventilation fittings in crown. Manufacturer's label sewn inside. Label side 1 - John Star Pty. Ltd. NSW 02-669-1066 Name ............ (note - no name shown) No. ................ (note - no number shown) 100 % COTTON Made in Hong Kong" Label side 2 - care instructions headgear, combat -
Orbost & District Historical Society
First Field Dressings, World War 2, Johnson & Johnson Pty Ltd, 1942, 1943
These packs were Australian army issue to service men and women during World War 2.Many Orbost men served in World War 2. Three field dressing packs made from cloth or waterproof covering and with a black printed label on one side of each pack. The words FIRST FIELD DRESSING and instructions TO OPEN and CONTENTS are printed on each pack. On the bottom of the print area are JOHNSON & JOHNSON PTY LTD, SYDNEY. One pack has the date May 1942, and the other two are December 1943. australian-army first-field-dressings world-war-two -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Clothing - BARBARA JOHNSON COLLECTION: PINK WEDDING DRESS, 26.1.1985
Pink, self-stripe -2cm stripe with a woven floral motif, alternated with a 4cm triple stripe with 2cm spacing between each stripe. Boat shaped neckline, with a .5cm rouleau tie on left side. Sleeveless. Draped and ruched 7cm band at hip line. Two tier, knife pleated panels to the hemline. Dropped and bloused bodice. Handkerchief hem. Wedding dress worn at marriage of Barbara Johnson to her second husband John Johnson on 26.1.1985.Stitches Plus Gold Label 12 Care Instructions – Wash separately. Do not soak. Do not bleach. Do not wring. Warm hand wash. Warm rinse well. Dry in shade. Warm iron. Dry cleanable. Polyester.costume, female ceremonial, wedding dress -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Colour Photograph/s - set of 4, John Phillips, 10/06/2001 12:00:00 AM
Set of four colour photographs of the 500,000th passenger on BTPS/BTM tram services on Sunday June 10, 2001. Congratulating Mr. Lou Abbruzzi is Len Millar. Photos by John Phillips. Tramcar No. 45 in background. Photo on Kodak paper. For details of the event see Fares Please! July 2000. Image btm1824i4 used in the August 2001 issue of Trolley Wire (black and white). See Fares Please! July 2001On rear of each photo "9.06.01" (actual date was Sunday 10 July) and "Photo by John Phillips" in blue ink. On rear of 1824.4 is a white sticker "Photo 29, reduce to 7 x 10.5cm" instruction for use in Trolley Wire.500, 000 passenger, btm, btps, gold tram, tram 45 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Administrative record - Army Survey Regiment Regimental Training 1984 - The Odd Angry Surveyor, Army Survey Regiment, Bendigo, 21 Feb 1984
This is an Administrative Instruction setting out all aspects of the Army Survey Regiment Regimental Training Exercise "Odd Angry Surveyor" during the period 30 Apr - 12 May 1984. The Exercise conducted in two phases, Phase One- being theory lessons in a number of aspects of Infantry Minor Tactics at Section Level, whilst Phase Two- was putting into practice the lessons from Phase One.Light carboard covered A4 paper report stapled on left hand sideroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr -
Federation University Historical Collection
Document - Document - Letter, Ballarat Junior Technical School: Request from The Library Association of Australia re Mr I M Kelly, 1952
.1: Request from Ian Melville Kelly for Salary adjustment for years 1951 and 1952. .2 & .3: Correspondence from The Library Association of Australia for Ian Kelly to be supervised during the Association's Examinations in June. There are two papers and times etc are specific. Writing paper, candidate's number and instructions for supervisors will be forwarded. Second letter indicates that the school has not replied to the request of the first letter.3 Cream pages, typed .2 & .3: Letterhead Signature of Honorary Secretary Judith Hunterballarat junior technical school, head master, l garner, ian melville kelly, salary adjustment, library association of australia, association's examinations, supervisors, judith hunter, honorary secretary -
Greensborough Historical Society
Advertisement - Digital Image, NSW Cookery Teachers' Association, Berlei: in Domestic Science Handbook, 1942_
Advertisement for Berlei (foundation garments) from "Domestic Science Handbook: for use by the pupils of domestic science schools". An example of 1940s advertising through cooking and homemaker books. In this book, instructions are given for many aspects of household management, interspersed with advertisements for useful items. This Berlei advertisement is for corsetry that was popular at the time. Also on this page is an advert for War Bonds, to support the war effort in World War 2.An example of mid 20th century advertising through 'how-to' books.Digital copy of advertisement from a bookhistoric advertisements, domestic science, nsw cookery teachers association, berlei, war bonds, world war 2 -
Greensborough Historical Society
Photograph - Digital image, Marilyn Smith et al, Janefield Precinct: World War 2 era concrete shed base, sump and raised edge, 27/11/2014
Janefield Precinct: World War 2 era concrete shed base, sump and raised edge. The remains of this site are between Greensborough and Janefield. A RAAF Hygiene Training Camp was located on the Plenty River, just south of the Janefield community. It was in use from 1944 to 1946. The Camp was constructed from salvaged materials. Instruction included building and maintenance of grease traps, latrines, elementary plumbing and carpentry.Early remains of a WW2 training camp Digital colour photograph.janefield -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, Ballarat School of Mines Museum, c1889
The Ballarat School of Mines Museum was established in 1872. In 1887 the museum collection number nearly 8,000 exhibits which were systematically arranged and catalogued, and in this way were a means for profitable instruction to the casual visitor as well as to the student. See http://bih.ballarat.edu.au/index.php/Ballarat_School_of_Mines_Museum. The Curator of the Museum during the era was Ferdinand Krause. This image was reproduced in the 1899 Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report.Black and white photograph showing the interior of the Ballarat School of Mines Museum. ballarat school of mines, museum, geology, former wesleyan church, former methodist church, ferdinand krause, ballarat school of mines museum, display cases -
Yarra Ranges Regional Museum
Pamphlet - Pattern, Crochet, Mary Cards Victorian Centenary Chart, 1934
This crochet chart was designed by the twentieth century crochet pattern designer, Mary Card, for the Victorian Centenary in 1934. It was published in the Australian Home Beautiful magazine on November 1934. The chart was published in four sections, with instructions for working it as a complete piece. Mary Card lived in Olinda and published books of her patterns and individual patterns in Australia, American and English magazines from 1909 until the 1930s.Giant paper crochet chart of Mary Cards Victorian Centenary cloth design, featuring Australian animals, ships, buildings and horseman. Chart has FLORENCE / MCNABB 1944 written in pen ar thje bottom. Over the orignial pattern which was printed with VICTORIAN / CENTENARY 1934. Chart is in 4 pieces, each attached to Cardboard. Written on with ink: 12-4-44 On back : No 1, No 2 , No 3, No 4 mary card, centenaries, crochet patterns -
Puffing Billy Railway
Steam Engine - Tangye Single Cylinder Horizontal
Builders Number 4767 Used for steam engine driving instruction at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology build date of approximately 1884 +/- 1 year. worked out from http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/mills/burmamill22.htm Donated by The Royal Melbourne Institute of technology in 1969 Of Interest : The Vertical and Horizontal Tangye engines on display are of the design that won a Gold Medallion at the Paris Industrial Exhibition of 1878.Historic - Industrial Steam Engine EquipmentSteam Engine - Cast Iron (painted) Steel (raw) Bronze (Raw) Timber (Oiled)Tangye Birminghampuffing billy, steam, rmit, tangye, horizontal engine -
University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus Archives
Photograph - Black and white print, The Leader, Pruning Demonstration, c. 1938
Note by T.H. Kneen 4 March 1992 , "Appears to be a class under instruction rather than a public pruning demonstration. Numbers are small and many are using secateurs. E.B. Littlejohn identifies the group as the Youth Employment Scheme which funded E.B.L.'s appointment to Burnley. "The Leader" ceased publication on 26 June 1957." Also see B91.168, B91.170. All the students are male. Black and white photograph. Groups of men pruning 2 fruit trees in the Orchard with the demonstrator standing on a ladder.pruning, secateurs, youth employment scheme, students outside class, male students, orchard, perc trevaskis -
Melbourne Legacy
Photograph - Exercise Classes, Widows activities, 1988
Photo of ladies doing light exercises on chairs at Legacy House. From 1928 until the 1980s, Melbourne Legacy ran an excellent exercise program for its widows. Classes were held weekly at Legacy House and there was often a waiting list for the water classes, which had both swimming instruction and water exercises. Some of the class members were in their 90s, many just learning to swim.A record of activities provided for Legacy widows.Black and white photo of four older women sitting in chairs doing light exercises.Stamped on the back: "Jul 15 3 29 AM '88", "COPYRIGHT / This photograph may not be / reproduced with permission / in writing from the / Pictoral Dept. of "The Age" / 250 Spencer Street, Melbourne, / Victoria, 3001, Australia" Taped to the back: " PHOTOGRAPHER: NEIL NEWITT DATE: 15/7/88 DEPT: FOR E.G. / SENIOR CITIZENS (WOMEN ONLY) AT / "AEROBICS" AT LEGACY HOUSE / STORY DAVID BRUCE."widows, exercise classes, activities -
Melbourne Legacy
Photograph - Exercise Classes, Widows activities, 1988
Ladies doing light exercises on chairs at Legacy House. From 1928 until the 1980s, Melbourne Legacy ran an excellent exercise program for its widows. Classes were held weekly at Legacy House and there was often a waiting list for the water classes, which had both swimming instruction and water exercises. Some of the class members were in their 90s, many just learning to swim.A record of activities provided for Legacy widows.Black and white photo of three older women sitting in chairs doing light exercises.Stamped on the back: "Jul 15 3 29 AM '88", "COPYRIGHT / This photograph may not be / reproduced with permission / in writing from the / Pictoral Dept. of "The Age" / 250 Spencer Street, Melbourne, / Victoria, 3001, Australia" Taped to the back: "NEIL NEWITT 15/7/88 E.G. / SENIOR CITIZENS (WOMEN ONLY) AT / "AEROBICS" AT LEGACY HOUSE / STORY DAVID BRUCE."widows, exercise classes, activities -
Melbourne Legacy
Photograph - Exercise Classes, Widows activities, 1988
Photo of ladies doing light exercises at Legacy House. From 1928 until the 1980s, Melbourne Legacy ran an excellent exercise program for its widows. Classes were held weekly at Legacy House and there was often a waiting list for the water classes, which had both swimming instruction and water exercises. Some of the class members were in their 90s, many just learning to swim.A record of activities provided for Legacy widows.Black and white photo of several older women doing light exercises using chairs.Stamped on the back: "Jul 15 4 49 AM '88", "COPYRIGHT / This photograph may not be / reproduced with permission / in writing from the / Pictoral Dept. of "The Age" / 250 Spencer Street, Melbourne, / Victoria, 3001, Australia" Taped to the back: "NEIL NEWITT 15/7/88 E.G. / SENIOR CITIZENS (WOMEN ONLY) AT / "AEROBICS" AT LEGACY HOUSE / STORY DAVID BRUCE."widows, exercise classes, activities -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book - SECV, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "Personnel Regulations Safety & First Aid", July 1954
Issued by the SECV in July 1954 with some 1955 updates as "Personnel Regulations Safety & First Aid" for its employees. Has a table of contents, covering the general safety items or matters at the time, including clothing, managerial instructions, first aid, first aid kits, and equipment. See item 8292 for the 1947 version. Item collected by the donor from the Ballarat Tram Depot at the time of closure.Yields information about the Safety Practices of the SEC in 1954 and its methods of educating its workforce.Book - manila cover with green and yellow striping on the spine, secured with Arnos binder holding about 114 duplicated sheets.secv, safety, handbooks, secv rules, first aid -
Vision Australia
Functional object - Object, Royal National Institute for the Blind, Collapsible white cane
This collapsible cane is in four sections joined to each other by braided rubber tubing. Original paper wrapping has instructions on the outside including: 'The top section can easily be identified as it is the thickest of the four and is threaded with an elastic cord for carrying purposes'. An elasticized handle loops around the wrist, when unfolded and in use. When collapsed , the handle loops around the four parts, keeping them folded.4 metal/plastic pieces joined together with an elasticized cordassistive devices, royal national institute for the blind -
Harcourt Valley Heritage & Tourist Centre
Gerrard Challenge Shield, Apple Packing Competion, 1934
State school children in the famous orchard district of Harcourt were expected to learn apple packing to a high standard, with instruction given by Dept of Agriculture specialist teachers, Classes were conducted at Harcourt Cooperative Coolstores during school hours.The pupils were expected to (and did) travel between school and packing shed by their own means without supervision..Pupils participated in state wide competitions .Shows the extent to which vocational training in a specialized subject could be taken to support the Apple Industry of Harcourt. The decoration/artwork of the shield is to a very high standard A wooden shield with metal adornments. A banner is at the top with "Gerrard Challenge Shield", a central metal shield shaped plaque shows a box of apples surrounded by trees and many boxed apples in the background. Below that is a banner with " District Championship for Schools Apple Packing Classes. Below that (at the bottom) is a smaller plaque with "Competitors to be pupils & attending school children's Apple Packing Classes." "Conducted by the Department of Agriculture." On the left side are three smaller shields for the years 1934 to 1936 awarded to Castlemaine the three shields on the right are blank. -
Bendigo Military Museum
Document - LEAVE PASS, WW1, 14th Training Battalion, 4 Oct 1918
R. H. Baron used this leave pass to visit his uncle in Aldershot. Whilst in Aldershot and surrounds, he collected a number of postcards. Part of the Robert H. Baron, No 3596 and Cooper Collections. See Catalogue No. 1981P for details of Baron's service.Rectangular booklet with light brown card covers. Covers and pages stapled together. inside 2 pages have lists of food rations available to the pass holders. printed instruction in black type on front and back covers. Front cover has printed pro-forma for holders details. Details handwritten in black and red ink.Handwritten on front cover in black ink: 14th Trg Battn, 3596, L/Cp Baron, R.H., 4.10.1918 to 8.10.1918, Aldershot leave, Hurdcott 4.10.1918. Handwritten on front cover in red ink: a signature. Handwritten on back page in black ink: This is our Ration form book that we have for our tucker when we are on leave, Bob:robert h. baron, cooper collection, ration book, leave pass, aldershot, herdcott, postcard, ww1 -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
First Aid Case
Living, working, recreational activities in remote areas require precautions including a First Aid Kit.Brown rectangular case with a brown curved handle at one end and 2 clip fasteners at the front with a sliding lock fastener in the middle of them. All corners are reinforced. The inside has a lift out box, bandages, medication, tourniquet, snake/spider bite medication. There is a First Aid / Emergency / Instructions booklet inside the top of the case's lid.Outside on the lid: "Sanax" / First Aid / Casefirst aid kit, first aid case, sanax, remote areas -
Bendigo Military Museum
Booklet - BOOK, SOLDIERS PAY, SUFFOLK REGIMENT UK 1901, British Army, 1901
Page 4 has handwritten description of soldier and enlistment details - George Goulding. Enlisted at St. Georges Barracks, London. County of Middlesex. 31 December 1897, age 18 yrs, 10 mths. He joined Suffolk Regiment for 7 years. He was born in Whitechapel, London. Height 5'5-1/2 ", Dark hair, tattoo on left forearm. He served in various places abroad. Malta, Dolpa, Sth Africa, Southampton.This is a small booklet titled "The Small Book" British Army form B.50. The soldier's name is George Goulding No. 4886. The Regiment is Suffolk. In the centre of the cover are the instructions for use, beneath that is the crest of Great Britain. The rear cover is khaki coloured buckram. Inside are 24 pages. These have Goulding's description - Navy regulations and details of Goulding's Service.british suffolk regiment, south african war, boer war, soldier -
Bendigo Military Museum
Certificate - MEDICAL CERTIFICATE, 27th Oct 1942
Capt Warick Rosenthal No TX6321 AAMC. Refer 622.3, 775.Certificate " Australian Military Forces form C24." It certifies that Capt W. Rosethal attended a course of instruction in " AMC Duties - war" from 14 SEPT 42 till 24 Oct 42 held at "Ravenswood" IVANHOE. Paper is yellowed , printed form with some hand writing in ink. Form is mounted on cardboard with photo corners.documents, certificates, military history, medical -
Frankston RSL Sub Branch
Document, Air Raid Precautions
Printed notice issued during the World War 2 period by the Shire of Frankston and Hastings Council with the approval of the State Emergency Council for Civil Defence (Victoria). This notice provides citizens with instructions to be followed in the event of enemy air raids. Details including addresses and contact information are included. The notice is printed on a heavy weight paper material.Printed notice, refer to scanned image attached to this record. -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Book - Country Women's Association of Victoria, Myart Knit & Crochet
This book was used by members of the Tawonga C.W.A.. The group exhibited their handicrafts and made items for charity. The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country.Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having had an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Small coloured 16 page book with a cover showing 4 squares of knitted and crocheted items. At the top the book has a light green background with white writing and some black writing. The back cover is similar with 4 different items. The book is bound with 2 staples. The book has patterns with instructions for knitted & crocheted items.Cover: 'Myart / Knit & Crochet' - on left. 'Handcraft / Nylon Yarn' - on right. 'Teijin 40c / Book 14' - top right in blackcountry women's association of victoria. tawonga. handcrafts. knitting. crocheting. -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Book - Country Women's Association of Victoria, Warworkers Woolcraft - Compiled by the CWA of Victoria, c1940's
Tawonga CWA branch commenced on 7th Feb. 1946. Prior to this the ladies would have been involved in supporting the war effort with knitted and spun items as described in this book. The branch often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. Getting together for the war effort would have succeeded in this aim perhaps encouraging the women to continue meeting under the banner of C.W.A.The Tawonga ladies would have been involved in assisting the war effort from home. Most of the ladies lived on remote farms so they may have got together, learnt together and felt happier while contributing to the war effort and supporting the men fighting overseas. Wool was available and easily made into useful items that could be shipped overseas. After the war, the ladies may have wanted to continue meeting and hence decided to form a C.W.A. branch.Small brown book with black writing. 32 pages held by 2 rusty staples.The book gives patterns and instructions for making woolcraft (knitting & spinning) eg. socks & scarves, for the Airforce, Navy and Army with specific colours, thickness of wool and notes eg. no frills. Price 3d. posted 4d. Sponsored by the Australian Wool BoardCover: Warworkers Woolcraft / Compiled by the CWA / Knitting Spinning / Sponsored by the Australian Wool Boardww11. warworkers. tawonga. country women's association of victoria. woolcraft. australian wool board. c.w.a. -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Wrench Coleman, circa 1950
The 1950's saw a revolution in small appliances for use in the average household. This hand held wrench was provided exclusively for the Coleman self heating kerosene (KVHS 0347A) iron and used for the regular changing the kerosene used in it. The iron was used before and during the electricity supplies available from the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme. These irons remained in use within regional rural areas that had limited or unreliable electrical reticulation. Kerosene supplies were cheaper than electricity but also more inconvenient than electric. Electrical appliances become cheaper to buy and maintain in the later part of the 1900's and the now older kerosene iron was faded out.This wrench was required to open the fuel container which stored kerosene in the Coleman hand iron(see KVHS 0347A). This item was part of the maintenance requirement of this particular hand iron. In the 1950s and later the Kiewa Valley was still a relatively isolated region which was home to rural properties and small settlements. The availability of electricity and or the financial means to afford new types of electric hand irons ensured that older and sometimes less efficient ironing remained for an extended period covering the 1960s to 1970s. Kerosene products, such as this kerosene iron was a cheaper method for farm based domestic and other rural activities requiring a heat source. The use of kerosene as a heat/light source was able to be supplied in bulk and able to be used when floods severed vital roads into this region. The supply of electricity was in summer time subject to interruption from bush fire damaged wooden poles carrying the electrical cables. Self sufficiency by rural populations was the backbone of survival(use of this wrench was a part of rural life). The ability to store energy sources "on the farm" was a prerequisite of isolated regions, such as the Kiewa Valley, circa 1950s.This item is a flat cast iron wrench, which has been specifically made for KVHS 0347A (kerosene iron). The wrench has four specific forms cut into the steel which fit firmly around their targeted nut and other fixtures. Also see See KVHS 0347B- Instruction sheet; and KVHS 0347D Fuel can.ironing, iron maintenance tool, domestic appliances, household