Written by Dr Arthur Winzenried, APW Productions in 1996, providing a short history of Melbourne's trams - including a definition of what is a tram. Looks at cable trams, horse trams, electric trams, the Victorian Railways trams, the Melbourne network and at the time (1996) the recent developments - the transition from MMTB to The Met and PTC. Gives two timelines of tramway development in Melbourne. Is referenced with a further reading list.Yields information about the Melbourne Tram system and their historical context.Booklet - printed card covers, 28 A4 printed pages, stapled on left hand side.Has date stamp of "28 Jul 1996" stamped on top of first page.tramways, melbourne, cable trams, history, horse tram, electric trams, arthur winzenried

Printed - 8 page foolscap, centre stapled, Victorian State Parliamentary Report titled "Report - The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Railways on the Outer Circle Railway.", together with minutes of evidence, dated 20/12/1918. Provides a history of the railway, financial results, tramway competition, fare comparison, goods traffic, Kodak and APM Developments, Railway views, committee recommendations including railway closure and dismantling.trams, tramways, outer circle railway, kew, railways, tramways, proposals, burwood

Framed post titled "The History of Melbourne's Tramways", providing a detailed map, showing the opening, closing, dates, and notes of Melbourne's horse, cable, electric tramways and railways. Printed on an image of cable trams in Collins St with the Melbourne Town Hall in the background. Has notes on closures, track layouts, accuracy, and acknowledgments. Prepared by Stephen Watson and Ian Johnson in 2006, 3rd Edition See item 506 for other issues. Yields information about the development of the Melbourne tramways and the system.Wooden bevel edge, dark brown stain, framed poster glazed with paper backing.melbourne, map, tramways, cable trams, horse trams, box hill, vr trams

Four photocopied A4 Sheets, stapled in top left hand corner, titled "Footscray College of TAFE / Civil Engineering Department /' Essendon - Footscray Tramway History", prepared for Bill Kingsley by Ron Scholten, mid 1980's giving dates about the development of public transport in the area. Would have been used on a tour that Bill organised and driven by Carolyn at the time.In ink in the top right hand corner "To Carolyn from Bill"trams, tramways, footscray, essendon, melbourne, history

Australian Railway Enthusiast Magazine - March 1990, colour front cover containing an article titled "Australia's First electric Tramway", written by William F Scott - reviewing the Box Hill to Doncaster Tramway. Looks at its development, the Centennial exhibition, construction, service, closure, memorials, the centenary. Has a number of photographs. On the rear cover is the timetable poster of the tramway.trams, tramways, box hill, doncaster, history

Australian Mining History Monographs Number 6, The Psychology of Mine Development on the Bendigo Goldfield in the Nineteenth Century. Publisher: Zlota Press, Strathfieldsaye. 20 pages. Colour illustrations.Ralph W Birrellgold, goldfields, mine development, history in mining, psychology of mine development, bendigo

merri-bek public art collection

Vessels for storing water such as these are common throughout the ages and evident in the pottery of the middle east, Mediterranean and Africa. Between 1880 and 1910 Bendigo Pottery produced these as part of their terracotta ware range. Established by George Guthrie in 1857 (about 5km north of its current site) and then again seven years later in 1864 after it initially closed, Bendigo Pottery remains one of the most influential and longest running Pottery’s in Australia. Over the years the Pottery has contributed to the growth and development of the district through both its products including building products, table ware and decorative and commemorative war as well as artistically, being responsible for training and supporting many potters locally. The City of Greater Bendigo has had a long history of partnering with Bendigo Pottery to produce tourism tableware and art pieces and the Civic Collection holds a number of important items within its collection.Polished terracotta water holder with saucer and stopper. Globular body with rounded base. The shoulders taper into long cylindrical neck, no handle or pouring spout. Surface is undecorated expect for two rings at base of neck. This is the smaller of the two. 0430a stopper; 0430b vessel; 0430c saucerNone foundbendigo pottery, george gutherie, city of greater bendigo tourism

Vessels for storing water such as these are common throughout the ages and evident in the pottery of the middle east, Mediterranean and Africa. Between 1880 and 1910 Bendigo Pottery produced these as part of their terracotta ware range. Established by George Guthrie in 1857 (about 5km north of its current site) and then again seven years later in 1864 after it initially closed, Bendigo Pottery remains one of the most influential and longest running pottery’s in Australia. Over the years the Pottery has contributed to the growth and development of the district through both its products including building products, table ware and decorative and commemorative ware, as well as artistically, being responsible for training and supporting many local potters. The City of Greater Bendigo has had a long history of partnering with Bendigo Pottery to produce tourism tableware and art pieces and the Civic Collection holds a number of important items within its collection.Polished terracotta water holder with saucer and stopper. Globular body with rounded base. The shoulders taper into long cylindrical neck, no handle or pouring spout. Surface is undecorated except for two rings at base of neck. This is the larger of the two. 0431a stopper; 0431b vessel; 0431c saucerNone foundbendigo pottery, city of greater bendigo tourism, george guthrie

This plan is of great significance to the local history of Warrnambool, in particular the Breakwater and its impact on Warrnambool's maritime and trade history. The plan shows the existing jetties at the Port of Warrnambool, plus the partially erected Breakwater and proposed works to the Breakwater by both the Borough of Warrnambool Surveyor and Sir John Coode. The plan was signed 28th February 1879 by Sir John Coode. The legend at the bottom left describes the existing works and the proposed works. The Warrnambool Breakwater Sir John Coode was a British harbour engineer. He was brought to Melbourne by the Melbourne Harbour Trust to advise on works to improve the Port of Melbourne. The Victorian Government commissioned him to present a plan to complete the Warrnambool Breakwater. His original plan was too expensive so he prepared a revised plan for a shorter structure. The work was completed in 1890. The construction proved to be too short to protect adequately from the weather and didn't allow enough depth for larger vessels to come into port. The decreasing trade was further affected by siltation in the bay due to the breakwater, and the completion of the railway line. The situation of the harbour became a real problem that, by 1910, required continuous dredging. In 1914 the Breakwater was extended but proved to be a failure because the work began to subside and by 1920 about two thirds of the harbour was silted up. Alterations made in the 1920's increased the silting problem and by the 1940's the harbour was no longer used. More alterations were made in the 1950's and 1960's. The Warrnambool Breakwater is registered as a place of significance on the Victorian Heritage Database. This plan of the proposed works for the existing Warrnambool Breakwater is of great significance to the local history of Warrnambool, in particular the Breakwater and its impact on Warrnambool's maritime and trade history. The Warrnambool Breakwater is registered as a place of significance on the Victorian Heritage Database (VHR H2024). It is historically significant to Victoria as one of the most important maritime engineering projects in Victoria in the late 19th century. The Warrnambool Breakwater is of historical significance as one of the most important maritime engineering projects in Victoria in the late nineteenth century. It is evidence of Victoria's nineteenth century investment in regional port infrastructure and the development of Victorian coastal shipping. It is of significance for its association with the English civil engineer Sir John Coode, the most distinguished harbour engineer of the nineteenth century, who was brought to Victoria to advise on works to improve the Port of Melbourne, but was retained by the Government to advise on improvements to the harbours at Portland, Geelong, Port Fairy, and Lakes Entrance, as well as Warrnambool. His projects for Melbourne, Lakes Entrance and Warrnambool were major engineering projects of the nineteenth century. The breakwater is historically significant as a reminder of Warrnambool's early maritime history as a Western District port, and as one of Victoria's major 'outer ports'. While the Warrnambool Breakwater is a demonstration of the engineering skills of the nineteenth century, it also demonstrates the limitations of knowledge relating to sedimentology at the time and the confidence apparent in a number of nineteenth century plans which assumed that natural forces could be overcome or contained by engineering.Plan of Warrnambool Harbour, Port of Warrnambool, dated 28 Feb 1879. Plan shows existing Breakwater and work proposed by both Warrnambool Borough Surveyor and Sir John Coode. Plan has gold coloured quarter-dowel rods top and bottom and a metal ring at the top. Stamped with title. Signed by Sir John Coode.Stamped "VICTORIAN HARBOURS / WARRNAMBOOL / PLAN / to accompany / SIR JOHN GOODE'S REPORT / DATED 28 FEB 1879" Signature "John Coode"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, sir john coode, borough of warrnambool surveyor, plan of warrnambool, victorian harbours, warrnambool harbour, warrnambool breakwater, port of warrnambool, vhd vhr h2024, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, maritime village, map, chart, plan, lady bay, breakwater, jetty, pier, vhr h2024, proposed works, 1879

Established by George Guthrie in 1857 (about 5km north of its current site) and then again seven years later in 1864 after it initially closed, Bendigo Pottery remains one of the most influential and longest running Pottery’s in Australia. Over the years the Pottery has contributed to the growth and development of the district through both its products including building products, table ware and decorative and commemorative war as well as artistically, being responsible for training and supporting many potters locally. The City of Greater Bendigo has had a long history of partnering with Bendigo Pottery and the Civic Collection holds a number of important items within its collection. This John C Watson (Chris Watson) 'reform' flask was one of a limited edition character bottles produced by the Pottery to commemorate important figures in Australian politics. He was the first Labour Prime Minister elected forming a minority government in April 1904, aged 37, after the ALP withdrew its support from Deakin. He was one of the first socialists to head a government in a parliamentary system, attracting international attention, and remains Australia's youngest prime minister. After less than four months in office, the Watson government lost a confidence motion and Watson was succeeded as prime minister by anti-socialist George Reid. The original reform flasks were English salt-glazed stoneware flasks produced in the early 19th century shaped into the form of figures connected with the Reform Bill of 1832. Much was made of puns like ‘the spirit of reform’ at the time. Artist John Frith has taken the reform flask form as inspiration for a series of political ceramics of some Australian Prime Ministers. The series included Edmund Barton, Alfred Deakin and Watson.Glazed ceramic flask in the shape John Watson. Square shaped with most of the detail on the front facing side other than head which is more detailed. Cork still in place in top of head.On reverse of flask; John C Watson / Prime Minister / of Australia / 27.4.1904 / To / 18 .08. 1904 Bendigo Pottery / LMTED / Edition Series / 55/1200 /Australia Signed lower centre; 'Frith'australian politics, bendigo pottery

Established by George Guthrie in 1857 (about 5km north of its current site) and then again seven years later in 1864 after it initially closed, Bendigo Pottery remains one of the most influential and longest running Pottery’s in Australia. Over the years the Pottery has contributed to the growth and development of the district through both its products including building products, table ware and decorative and commemorative war as well as artistically, being responsible for training and supporting many potters locally. The City of Greater Bendigo has had a long history of partnering with Bendigo Pottery and the Civic Collection holds a number of important items within its collection. This Alfred Deakin 'reform' flask was one of a limited edition character bottles produced by the Pottery to commemorate important figures in Australian politics. The original reform flasks were English salt-glazed stoneware flasks produced in the early 19th century shaped into the form of figures connected with the Reform Bill of 1832. Much was made of puns like ‘the spirit of reform’ at the time. Artist John Frith has taken the reform flask form as inspiration for a series of political ceramics of some Australian Prime Ministers. The series includes Edmund Barton, Alfred Deakin and Chris Watson.Glazed ceramic flask in the shape Alfred Deakin. Square shaped with most of the detail on the front facing side other than head which is more detailed. Cork still in place in top of head.On reverse of flask; Alfred Deakin / Prime Minister / of Australia / 1903 - 1904 / 1905 - 1908 / 1909 - 1910 Bendigo Pottery / LMTED / Edition Series / 101/200 /Australia Signed lower left; 'Frith'australian politics, bendigo pottery

In 1990 MAJ Bob Williams was the OC of Technical Development Cell. He won first prize for his entry ‘Innovations in Cartographic Communication’ in the individual category at the 2nd Australian Institute of Cartographers and BHP Engineering Technology Research and Development Awards. The award was announced at the 1990 Australian Cartographic Conference in Darwin where MAJ Williams presented his entry. At the time he had completed PhD studies at the Australian Defence Academy and was the first Survey Corps officer to complete studies at this advanced level. Also, in 1990 the Royal Australian Survey Corps’ meritorious achievements were formally recognised by the Senate of the Australian Parliament in a Notice of Motion on 31st of May 1990. The Royal Australian Survey Corps also featured in the issue of a commemorative stamped envelope issued by Australia Post. These achievements are covered in more detail in page 147 of Valerie Lovejoy’s book 'Mapmakers of Fortuna – A history of the Army Survey Regiment’ ISBN: 0-646-42120-4. This photograph of MAJ Bob Williams was taken in Technical Development Cell at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo in 1990. The black & white photograph was printed on photographic paper and is part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photograph was scanned at 300 dpi. .1) - Photo, black & white, 1990. MAJ Bob Williams – Technology Award Recipient.1P – annotated in red pen ‘MAJ Williams Technology Awards’royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr

The grave of Thomas Sweeney, former convict turned respectable citizen. The Murray and Sweeney families were both early settlers of the Eltham district and connected by marriage. Their family plots are located side by side in the Catholic section of the Eltham Cemetery. Irish-born Thomas Sweeney is regarded as the first settler in Eltham. He was transported to Sydney in 1823 after being convicted of arson. He was granted his freedom in 1838 and married Margaret Meehan in the same year. They moved to Melbourne and in 1842 Thomas purchased 110 acres beside the Yarra River in the vicinity of present-day Sweeneys Lane. He called the property ‘Culla Hill’ and built a small slab hut (reputedly with Wurundjeri help; Margaret is said to have run an informal hospital for them in return). This was followed in 1846 by more substantial buildings consisting of a three-roomed Irish-style ‘longhouse’ and a barn made of stone and handmade bricks, with doors large enough to accommodate a fully loaded wagon. When the gold rush came, Thomas prospered by selling meat and potatoes to the prospectors, enabling him to purchase a further 308 acres in 1856. He promoted the construction of a bridge over the Plenty River and the establishment of a school at Eltham. Roman Catholic Church services were held at Culla Hill in the early years. When he died in 1867, he was regarded as a respected member of the community. Thomas and Margaret are buried in Eltham Cemetery with many of their descendants. Their first son John continued to farm Culla Hill until his death in 1909. Culla Hill passed out of the Sweeneys' possession in 1939. The house and barn remain today, though lesser outbuildings have gone. The facade of the house is much the same as it was in the 1840s. Sacred To the memory of Thomas Sweeney Who died Sep 6th 1867 Aged 65 years May his soul res in peace Also his wife Margaret Died Oct 3rd 1884 aged 73 years And their daughters Annie Died Aug 22nd 1860 aged 21 years Johanna Died Aug 19th 1872 aged 22 years Margaret Died 7th Sep 1913 aged 72 years R.I.P. Also In Memory Of John Sweeney Died 24th May 1909 Aged 65 years Also of his wife Ellen Died 8th March 1910 Aged 64 years R.I.P Also In Memory Of Caroline Infant daughter of John & Ellen Sweeney Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p55 From the piety and poverty of 19th century Eltham, 20th century artists and environmentalists, to today’s comfortable middle class, Eltham Cemetery records it all — and more. A visit to Eltham Cemetery reveals an important social record since its beginnings in 1858. The cemetery was situated on about six acres (2.4ha) (now around 4.8ha) at the corner of Mount Pleasant and Metery Roads.1* It is thought that Metery Road was originally called Cemetery Road, but in the early 1940s, a resident, possibly a councillor, objected to the name resulting in the change.2 Much can be gleaned about the developing Eltham community from burial styles and the names of former local residents. Originally the cemetery was divided into Christian denominations, like others of that time, following the United Kingdom burial system. In 1861 the cemetery included Church of England, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic and Wesleyans (later Methodist) sites. Graves also indicated social class. Some had grand tombstones, perhaps fenced with ornamental cast iron railing, but most in the 1860s and 1870s were constructed of modest stone slabs.3 This indicated the poverty of the district, which was largely inhabited by farmers on small landholdings. A poignant reminder of the high rates of infant mortality of those times, are the many infants and young children recorded on the headstones. Major changes occurred in the cemetery in the late 20th century as Christian adherence weakened and society became more egalitarian and informal. In the early 1970s a non-denominational lawn section for burials was established. Since then all new areas have been non-denominational to accommodate the more diverse local community. Now, instead of large ornamental headstones, some mourners have chosen boulders, reflecting the natural Eltham style, while others choose graves in the lawn areas or niches in walls. In the late 1970s, the University Donor Section was established north-west of Candlebark Lawn for those who donated their bodies for The University of Melbourne medical research. In the early 1980s the natural Australian garden style, popular in Eltham, was mirrored in a new section called Ashes Walk. Local landscape architect Gordon Ford, who had popularised this style, designed the Walk using boulders shaded by native plants beside curved pathways. Landscape architect Robert Boyle later redesigned Ashes Walk and developed other parts of the cemetery in keeping with this style.4 Appropriately Ford, who died in 1999, was interred in the Native Garden Section in a cluster of sites shaded by a large eucalyptus tree.5 By 2007, about 6400 interments were recorded in the Eltham Cemetery. Close inspection reveals notable names in the district’s history. The grave of Thomas Sweeney, a former convict who became a respected citizen, can be found in the Roman Catholic section near the path. Eltham Primary School’s first headmaster, David Clark, is buried in a modest grave in the Church of England section to the east of the path from the main entrance. Sir William Irvine, Victorian Premier from 1900 to 1902, whose grave is in the north-east Presbyterian section was at various times Victoria’s Chief Justice, Deputy Governor and Treasurer.6 Further south is the grave of social reformer Bertram Wainer, born in Scotland in 1928 and died in 1987. He campaigned to legalise abortion and exposed police corruption in allowing illegal ‘backyard’ abortions. Other prominent local residents interred in the cemetery include: Justus Jörgensen, who founded Montsalvat; Alistair Knox, the mud-brick housing pioneer and Eltham Shire Councillor from 1971 to 1975 and President in 1975; Clem and Nina Christensen, who had a major influence on the literary development of post World War Two Australia. Others were: composer Dorian Le Gallienne; artist Peter Glass; Stephen Dattner, a prominent Melbourne furrier; ALP parliamentarian for Greensborough, Pauline Toner and political scientist and commentator, Professor William Macmahon Ball.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, annie sweeney, caroline sweeney, ellen sweeney, eltham cemetery, graves, gravestones, johanna sweeney, john murray, john sweeney, margaret sweeney, mary ellen drain, mary murray, thomas murray, thomas sweeney

Covered under National Estate, National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Local Significance and Heritage Overlay, Nillumbik Planning Scheme. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p95 Thanks to an Australia first effort by local residents, the historic Shillinglaw Cottage still survives. The cottage at Panther Place, Eltham, once stood about 100 metres away on Main Road. But in 1963 it faced demolition to make room for the Eltham Shire Offices (since demolished). However residents rallied to save Shillinglaw Cottage and became the first in Australia to remove and reconstruct an early settler’s brick building. A fundraiser was the residents’ compilation of loved recipes into the cookery book, Flavour of Eltham. The cottage, built in the late 1870s by noted pioneer builder George Stebbing, is one of Eltham’s earliest buildings and associated with significant early settlers. It is on the National Estate and National Trust Registers. The cottage was constructed with handmade bricks in the Flemish Bond style, typical of cottages and farmhouses in Flanders, Europe. It features burnt ‘header’ bricks over the façade, which gives a chequered effect. The roof is made of slate, while the windows are 12-paned sash with relieving arches. It is not clear who were the first owners of the cottage. The National Trust claims that Stebbing built it for farmer Thomas Cochrane.1 Others say Cochrane first owned the land but Stebbing was Shillinglaw’s first owner and remained so until 1887. The Shillinglaw family then bought it and lived there for around 80 years until 1963 when they sold it to the Eltham Council.2 Farmer Thomas Cochrane bought the Shillinglaw Cottage site from land developer Josiah Holloway. The site was the largest in what Holloway called Little Eltham, of some 30 acres (12 ha), extending along the creek from Henry Street to Luck Street. In 1874 Cochrane sold the land to George Stebbing. Meanwhile in 1861, Stebbing was the owner and occupier of a house at Pitt Street, Eltham, which he had built. Evelyn Observer journalist James Rossiter rented the Pitt Street house, then in 1881 Phillip Shillinglaw occupied it. Stebbing constructed several buildings of note in the area, including the Uniting Church at John Street, the building beside it – a former bank – and St Margaret’s Church of England in Pitt Street. Stebbing was also an Eltham Shire Councillor from 1871 to 1873 and a trustee and treasurer of the Eltham Wesleyan Church.3 In the 1870s he is recorded as the owner of up to five houses. Earlier he had been described as a bricklayer and later became a farmer. In 1882 Stebbing returned to the Pitt Street house and Shillinglaw occupied the new house in Main Road, which he owned from 1887. Shillinglaw was a prolific poet and preached at the Eltham Primitive Methodist Church, where he also served as Sunday School superintendent and led the Young People’s Society Christian Endeavour. The Shillinglaws saw many changes in their property’s boundaries – the major one occurring at the turn of the century when land for the railway and Eltham station was acquired from their holding. The northern part of the remaining land was then used for some of the first commercial developments in what was to become the Eltham Shopping Centre. Later still, the land immediately north of the cottage was bought by the Eltham War Memorial Trust for the War Memorial Buildings and the fire station. The Trust’s land eventually passed to the council. The council bought the remaining two acres (0.8 ha) with the house, and with the exception of the commercial development between the fire station and the post office, all of the former Shillinglaw land is owned by the council or government instrumentalities.4 Since the late 20th century, the cottage has had varied uses, such as a handcrafts store and as a restaurant.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, shillinglaw cottage

This file contains two items about this club: 1/An eight page document named The Glen Huntly Bowling Club Jubilee Story. It is a historical account by Russell H. Keon-Cohen M.A. dated February 1964. It also describes the history of the region for fifty years. 2/Undated original black and white photograph of Glen Huntly Bowling Club.railways, caulfield, tramways, glen huntly road, glenhuntly road, grange road, mcdowing’s butcher shop, neerim road, residential development, rosstown railway, glen huntly, glen huntly hall, racecourses, pearce’s national rose gardens, bowling clubs, jones s.c., quinn mr., ellis mr., descrimes mr., kitchen cr., brookshaw cr., bowling clubs, glen huntly bowling club, ellis w., fulton t.j., lass r., newton t., pelzer p., rider h., sayer j., thomas h., boyd j.a., deans mr., gorgan thomas, woods h.s., rider mr., maxwell mr., hardnam mr., sportsgrounds, madden frank, meirest j.k., eggleston frederick, bell w., breamer b.j., carrol w., dall w.m., dunn w., mortan thomas, philips r.l., stork a.m., wells h.j., organisations, progress organisations, billiard rooms, refreshment rooms, harrison r.t.a., jones mr., glen eira mcminnon bowls club, sports, sporting clubs, jubilees, festivals and celebrations, finance, pavilions

Sphalerite or sphaelerite is named from the Greek word for 'treacherous' or 'deceiver' as specimens can vary widely in appearance, making them hard to visually identify. It is a zinc sulfide with the chemical composition (Zn,Fe)S, the most important ore of zinc. Specimens of sphalerite can contain iron as a substitute for up to 25% of the usual zinc present, as well as trace elements of gallium, cadmium, geranium and indium. Small amounts of arsenic and manganese may also be detected. Sphalerite is found in igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. It forms when carbonate rock encounters acidic, zinc-bearing fluid. It often forms in veins or in fissures of the existing rock, with colours and crystal shapes dependent on the composition of the the combining elements. It forms isometric crystal shapes including cubes, tetrahedrons, octahedrons, dodecahedrons. This specimen was collected in approximately 1852, in Broken Hill, NSW, as an adjunct to the Geological Survey of Victoria. It was donated to the Museum in 1868. Victoria and other regions of Australia were surveyed for sites of potential mineral wealth throughout the 19th Century. The identification of sites containing valuable commodities such as gold, iron ore and gemstones in a locality had the potential to shape the development and history of communities and industries in the area. The discovery of gold in Victoria, for instance, had a significant influence on the development of the area now known as 'the goldfields', including Beechworth; the city of Melbourne and Victoria as a whole.The specimen is significant as an examples of surveying activity undertaken to assess and direct the development of the mineral resource industries in Victoria and Australia, as well as the movement to expand human knowledge of earth sciences such as mineralogy and geology in the nineteenth century.A pipe-shaped specimen of sulfide-mineral zinc ore displaying patches of black, brown, beige and gold colouring. The main item has associated broken pieces. geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, mineralogy, indigo shire, geological survey, sphalerite, sphaelerite, zinc ore, broken hill, nsw, victoria, galena, fluorite, chalcopyrite, lead, cadmium, gallium, germanium, indium, iron

Newspaper article Bendigo Advertiser July 3rd, 1971m titled ' Cobb struck it rich'. Article describes enterprise of Freeman Cobb and the development of Cobb & Co.,Herald July 3rd 1971.australia, history, cobb & co coaches

Book - Hardcover, A4 size, titled "Watch for Trams", 7 Sections, 132 pages, sewn with glued end papers, includes a table of contents and index, notes and appendices. non-fictionThe author, Colin Jones has covered the history of tramways in Australia, with reference to their history of establishment in the USA. Includes tables, bibliography. The book includes many photographs and the stories behind the establishment of tramways in Australasian cities, Unions, closure and their survival. Includes stories of their use by passengers, crews and management, lists of Australasian tramways and tram lines and tramcars that were built from 1938. Demonstrates the importance of street tramways to the Urban life and development in an Australian context.tramways, australasia, cable cars, electric tramways, unions, colin jones

Kith Kiln was the site of a short lived charcoal kiln designed to provide an alternative to petrol during World War 11 when there was a fuel shortage. Local history has been told by Genseric (Bill) Parker and the reflections collected by Friends of Kirth Kiln (under the auspices of Parks Victoria).The booklet is significant because it tells the story of the development of the Kirth Kiln Park in Gembrook, from the Friends perspective.The park is not only historical but is also of great environmental significance and it forms part of community life in the district. Green soft cover booklet of 128 pages. The front cover has 2 photos; the top one of the caretakers compound with Forest Commission huts and the bottom photo is of the Lake, taken from the dam on Tomahawk Creek. The back cover has a diagram of the Kiln logo.Fireside Stories with Genseric (Bill) Parker and Lorna Parker. Reflections collected by Friends of Kirth Kiln.kirth kiln, genseric parker, parks victoria, gembrook, charcoal burner

A small book of 125 pages containing information, photographic images and sketches. The book is printed on buff coloured paper with a green trim around the front cover. It also includes a comprehensive bibliography. The cover features a sketch of a Cobb & Co. Coach.This booklet was produced for Victoria's sesquicentenary celebrations. It tells the story of Victorian postal services starting with the appointment of Melbourne's first official Postmaster Mr E J Foster on 13th April 1837. This position changed hands frequently and by 1851 Victoria's 8th Postmaster Alexander McCrae held the position. The construction of one of Melbourne's oldest landmarks began in three stages beginning in 1859 and was completed in 1867. The book includes developments in the mail service including by sea and overland by horseback and Cobb and Co. coaches. The mail coach contractors on the Melbourne to Albury route in 1854 was George Foster followed in 1856 by Patrick Mulcare. Other chapters in this publication include transporting the mail by rail and air as well as details about a small number of post offices and people who dedicated themselves to ensuring the mail reached its destination safely.victorian postal service, australia post history