Showing 4707 items
matching germany
-
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Female Office in Mustard Uniform - caricature, 1941-1946
Hans Walter von Gruenewaldt was a German POW who used his artistic ability to paint several large mural caricatures whilst he was held at Camp 13 at Murchison. The technique he used was colourful house paint, painted directly onto the walls of the German mess hut, reading room and recreation hall. After the war, the recreation hall paintings and all, was moved from the camp to the nearly town of Murchison and used as the RSL local dance hall for 50 years. When the hall was demolished the paintings were restored and framed by citizens of Murchison. The von Gruenewaldt murals presently hang in the David Jones Nursing home and other public buildings in Murchison.Photograph of caricature painted on mess hut wall. Female office in mustard uniform with green hat. The office is accompanied by a dog (coloured). hans walter von gruenewaldt, german pow, internment camp 13, murchison victoria, caricatures -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photographs, Pohlig Collection
Photos taken during time as prisoner and subsequently. German POWs in Camp 13. 1. Rudolf Liessman. 2.Ritter with wallaby 3.May 1st. Carnival: Heinz Doehman with Adolf Wilke. 4.Compound D, 1941. 5.May 1st. Carnival. 6.Camp gaol and guard tower. 7.Hebel die Nibelungen. 8. Compound D- Wagelin; ? ; Hempel & Pohlig. 9.Gus Pohlig- sketch by von Gruenwaldt. 10. Christine & Gus at Tatura German War Cemetery, 1988. 11. Gus at Camp 13 site, 1988. 12. Reunion 1983 at Kitzinger: Gus Pohlig; Hanna Wilke; Adolf Wilke; Liessmann (compound leader); Assmacher. -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Photograph
Taken some time between 1914-18, the photograph depicts an aerial view of trenches in France. The image mostly shows rural landscape, although there is a cluster of houses in the top right corner. It is believed that this record denotes a section of the Western Front. The Western Front was the main theatre of war during World War I. Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, the German Army opened the Western Front by invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The German advance was halted with the Battle of the Marne. Following the Race to the Sea, both the French-British and German armies dug in along a meandering line of fortified trenches, stretching from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier with France. Between 1915 and 1917 there were several offensives along the Western Front. The attacks employed massive artillery bombardments and massed infantry advances. Entrenchments, machine gun emplacements, barbed wire and artillery repeatedly inflicted severe casualties during attacks and counter-attacks and no significant advances were made. Among the most notable of these offensives were the Battle of Verdun (1916), the Battle of the Somme (1916), and the Battle of Passchendaele (1917).The record is historically significant due to its connection to World War I. This conflict is integral to Australian culture as it was the single greatest loss of life and the greatest repatriation of casualties in the country's history. Australia’s involvement in the First World War began when the Australian government established the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in August 1914. Immediately, men were recruited to serve the British Empire in the Middle East and on the Western Front. The record has strong research potential. This is due to the ongoing public and scholarly interest in war, history, and especially the ANZAC legend, which is commemorated annually on 25 April, known as ANZAC Day.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper.Obverse: A.3.FE.2.291 / 62D O.20bd.P.25O.C / 16.7.18 / 12 / F 8 1/4 / Reverse: 6532military album, military, army, war, wwi, world war i, france, trenches -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Leisure object - Construction Toy, Lott's Bricks Ltd, Lott's Bricks: British Made Throughout in Stone, 1945-1955
At the beginning of the 20th century the toy industry was based predominantly in Germany. During the First World War, imports from Germany were banned and the British government instead encouraged toy-making in Britain, as it helped the economy and provided jobs for ex-servicemen. Around this time, English manufacturer E. A. Lott devised a new system of bricks suitable for assembling small buildings. Together with a cardboard roof and instructions, Lott started selling these bricks as Lott’s Bricks in 1918. Lott’s Bricks eventually became even more popular then Anchor blocks, which were produced on the same principles by Richter, the well-known German manufacturer of construction toys. Lott’s success was assured when Queen Mary bought a set from him at the British Industries Fair in 1918. A number of sets were later produced, each with its own series, including Modern, Lodomo and Tudor. The bricks were the last of the old-fashioned composition blocks, which were later superseded by the very different styles exemplified by Minibrix, Bayko and Lego. Lotts Brick’s Ltd ceased to exist in the 1960s. (Source: V&A Museum)Toy with model building materials in wooden box with manufacturers label on lid. Th label pictures a white brick house with two equidistant chimneys. Included in the box are blocks to be used in building the house. These are in different shapes and sizes. The roofing panels are preformed.Manufacturer information and description lott's bricks, toy blocks, construction toys -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Journal (item) - Periodicals-Annual, Shiplovers' Society of Victoria, The Annual Dog Watch
This journal provides the reader with glimpses of the adventures and hardships of a seaman's life. Many of the stories are of sailing ships.Contributes to our knowledge of the importance of shipping and places on record those stories of the sea which would otherwise be lost.The foreword is written by the Hon. Sir Arthur Warner then Minister for Transportsailing ships, steamships, shipping, seafaring life, shiplovers' society of victoria, dog watch -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA HILL - QUESTION 5 ON VICTORIA HILL
Handwritten notes and carbon copy titled Question 5. Notes refer to Victoria Hill being opended up by Theodore Ballerstedt and his son early in 1854. Theodore Ballerstedt left for Germany having sold his home, crushing battery and mine to Mr Geo Lansell. He called the mine the '180'. Next mine north to the '180' was the Victoria Quartz. Also contains notes on machinery, geological formations and earning from the mines.document, gold, victoria hill, victoria hill, question 5 on victoria hill, theodore ballerstedt, mr geo lansell, fortuna villa, commonwealth survey regiment, the 180, ballerstedt's original open cut, bendigo south rotary club, john wybrandt, north old chum coy, victoria quartz, victoria reef quartz company, mr william rae, a roberts & sons united ironworks, australian mining standard special edition 1899, bendigo advertiser 10/2/1897, a harkness & coy, bendigo advertiser 30/6/1910 page 5, rae's open cut, e j dunn, bendigo saddle reefs, wittscheibe's 'jeweller's shop', roberts & frost, ashley noy & coy, grant & co, woodward & son, couth allen and co, taylor gould and co, crawshaw & co, roberts & co -
Clunes Museum
Document - WEICKHARDT FAMILY HISTORY
COLLECTION OF CORRESPONDENCE, FAMILY TREE AND HISTORY, WEICKHARDT FAMILY1. TYPE WRITTEN LIST DESCENDANTS OF JOHANNES WEICKHARDT 1824-1909. 2. TYPE WRITTEN COPY FAMILY TREE JOANNES WEICKHARDT 1824-1912 3. PHOTO COPY, RECORDS JOANN HENRICH WEICKHARDT 1690-1777 4. PRIVATE LETTER, WEICKHARDT FAMILY 5. COPY OF CERTIFICATE OF MARRIAGE WEICKHARDT PARENTS 6. LETTER WRITTEN IN GERMAN LANGUAGE 9.6.1989 TO MRS A MIELKE 7. LETTER WRITTEN IN ENGLISH LANGUAGElocal history, weickhardt family -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Ephemera - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: CRUISE SHIP DAILY PROGRAM, 1963
LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: CRUISE SHIP DAILY PROGRAM On the front cover: Tagesprogramm Daily Program T.S. >>Hanseatic<< 300029 BRT Coloured sketches on the front depict people in lounge chairs , dancing, playing shuttle board and kid's activities. Also a sketch of the ship Hanseatic. Inside Daily program in German and English. This was for the last night of the cruise arriving in New York the next day Sept 20th 1963 On the rear are the service hours. -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Book, The War 1939-1945 Edited by Desmond Flower and James Reeves Dedicated to the 30,000,000 dead, First Published 1960
A documentary conspectus of the worst war in history beginning at the German invasion of Poland 1939 and ending with the last Japanese surrenders in September - October 1945. This book is an attempt to put together a chronicle of how it actually felt to be alive, to see, to hear, to smell, to feel the war first hand.The War 1939-1945 - Printed 1960 Dark blue cover with ware and tear around the edges MapsDate stamps from HMAS Albatross library wwii, phony war, winter war, norway -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Letter - Correspondence, 29/03/1951
Allan writes "...Have landed a terrific job with the Allied High Commission Office for Germany ......in the permit section." He works a 36-hour week, 9 am to 4 pm and prefers this to working in the factory. He is planning to attend a concert by the Australian pianist Eileen Joyce. Quinn CollectionA self-folding letter written in green ink (0863.a) headed Oslo and dated 29/03/51. It is addressed to Mrs K Hayes, 14 Fitzroy Street, St Kilda, Victoria. The return address is Allan Quinn, C/- G.P.O., Oslo, Norway. There are some numbers penciled below the return address and some penciled to the right of the return address.letters-from-abroad, allan quinn, norway, oslo, allied high commission office, oslo, alette andersen, eileen joyce -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Framed Photo - Soldiers: Bert Roper and Stewart Hollonds
When Australia joined World War I men were encouraged to enlist to help Australia aid their 'mother country' Britain in the war against Germany. Many men volunteered often joining at the same time as their friends from the same district, all over Australia.Bert Roper and Stewart Hollonds came from families living in the Kiewa Valley. Details of their service records are kept in the KVHS collection.Thick wooden dark frame with decoration on each corner. Two separate portraits of Soldiers Bert in oval shape and Stewart in rectangular shape. At the centre of the bottom are two coloured small flags - the Union Jack and another.On the back, behind each man, their names are written: "Bert Roper" and "Stewart Hollonds"bert roper, stewart hollonds, ww1 soldier, portraits of wwi soldiers -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Programme - Theatre Programmes, Kleine Scala
Book of theatre programmes made an internee in an Australian camp during WW2. Sent to the Museum by Andreas Benzing along with 2 spare copies of 2 programmes and a postcard from Italy. The book was found in Dublin Ireland and belonged to a German who had lived in Dublin Ireland.Blue speckled material hard covered book with brown paper lining inside containing pages of theatre programmes.Spine: Lager Tatura/Austr Inside page 1: From Frank Phelan (ingen). no 35 appartment Finsbury House Ballsbridge 689823ww2 camp theatre, ww2 camp theatre programmes, internee theatre programmes -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Machine - SNECMA ATAR 13,000 Lbs Of Thrust Turbo Jet
Historical Details: . Description: The Atar jet engine was designed and built in France and was developed from the wartime German BMW 109 003 engine. It powered a number of aircraft types, the most notable of which was the Dassault Mirage. The Atar was built in Australia by the Commonw. Level of Importance: State -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Postcard, "Town Hall Melbourne", c1900
Coloured postcard of the Melbourne Town Hall, Swanston, and Collins Sts. Has three cable car sets in the view, one with two trailers southbound in Swanston St. In the bottom right-hand corner can be seen a shelter and signalman for the control of the intersection. The card was printed in Germany.Yields information about the Melbourne Town Hall and a signal box.Colour postcard, divided back unused. Has number "09 871" in bottom right hand corner.tramways, collins st, swanston st, signalmen, trailers, cable trams, melbourne town hall -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Audio - Oral History, Jennifer Williams, Mr Graeme Gallus, 16 November 2000
Graeme Gallus was born on the Mornington Peninsular in a town called Sommerville, in 1938. His family was born in Germany and came to Australia in 1851. He arrived in Beechworth in 1981 after purchasing a taxi service. He talks about local businesses, government employment, community celebrations and clubs. Miss Amy Elizabeth Porrit's account of her life in Beechworth and the local area during the 20th century is historically and socially significant to the cultural heritage of the region. She details important historical events and hardships in the region's history that had a lasting local, regional and national impact, including Australia during war time, economic struggles, and women's societal roles in a rural area. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mr Graeme Gallussommerville, gallus, graeme gallus, taxi, beechworth, real estate, christmas, lions club -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Document, Neumann, Dr. Gerhard, author, "Dem Tagebuch", 1945 - 1946
Made in Camp 1 Tatura to contain type written diary by Dr Neumann who, from Germany, had been appointed lecturer at Sydney University c.1937 until interned 1939. This item remained in the possession of his daughter Ingrid until she presented it to the Museum.Scrap book made and bound in Camp 1 with diary entries written from October 1945 - to 20.01.1946.by Dr Neumann during his internment in Camp 1 TaturaOctober 1945 (inside)books - collections, camp 1 tatura, german internee dr gerhard neumann -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Document, Neumann, Dr. Gerhard, author, "Dem Tagebuch", 1945 - 1946
Made in Camp 1 Tatura to contain type written diary by Dr Neumann who, from Germany, had been appointed lecturer at Sydney University c.1937 until interned 1939. This item remained in the possession of his daughter Ingrid until she presented it to the Museum.Scrap book made and bound in Camp 1 with diary entries written from October 1945 - to 20.01.1946.by Dr Neumann during his internment in Camp 1 TaturaOctober 1945 (inside)books - collections, camp 1 tatura, german internee dr gerhard neumann -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Document, Neumann, Dr. Gerhard, author, "Eliegen" Gerhard Ersnst Neumann Tatura, 1940-1945
Made in Camp 1 Tatura to contain type written elegies written bu Dr Neumann, who, from Germany, had been appointed lecturer at Sydney University c 1937. This item remained in the possession of his daughter Ingrid until she brought it and presented to the Museum.Scrap book made and bound in Camp 1 with elegies written by Dr Neumann during his internment in Camp 1, Tatura.on cover G. Neumann. inside: Taturadr g neumann -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
CD, Bill Elmecker Interview 2008, 2008
Bill Elmecker interview on ABC Goulburn Murray Regional Radio. 18.3.08. after the finding of the wrecks of HMAS Sydney and HSK Kormoran (German Raider) off the west Australian coast out from Shark Bay. Bill is the only known survivor of the Kormoran still living in Australia.White disc with blue text. Also original cardboard CD cover.bill elmecker, hmas sydney, hsk kormoran -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Camp 1A Sudeten Germans
Camp 1A Sudeten Germans. Back (left to right): 2018 S Weber, 1031 H Bittner; 5001 Iser; 2120 Kobsa; 35134 J Friedrich. Front: 532 Moisel; 4012 Ferd Weber; 155 Goener; 3018 C W Hoffmann; 35236 Schumann.Sepia photograph of a group of 10 men (5 standing, 5 seated) with trees and shrubs behind. 109 centre fronts weber, h bittner, iser, kobsa, j friedrich, moisel, ferd weber, goener, c w hoffmann, schumann, sudeten germans -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Artwork, other - Painting oil, Victorian Summer Landscape
This artwork was painted by Charlotte Rippert who was interned in Camp 3 with her whole family. The painting was painted in camp. Charlotte Rippert was a German Lutheran Missionary in Egypt, arrested as a security risk in Cairo, 1941. Transported on Queen Elizabeth to Australia and interned at Camp 3 1941-1945.Rectangular wooden frame - oil painting on wooden board - scene depicting blue river, trees, shrubbery and unsealed road in the foreground and a yellow hill in the backgroundTag attached - reads "Victorian Summer Landscape by Frau Rippert in Camp 3. Donors: Glockemann Family."landscape -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Artwork, other - Black Forest Scene
This artwork was painted by Charlotte Rippert who was interned in Camp 3 with her whole family. The painting was painted in camp. Charlotte Rippert was a German Lutheran Missionary in Egypt, arrested as a security risk in Cairo, 1941. Transported on Queen Elizabeth to Australia and interned at Camp 3 1941-1945.Green slopes in the foreground and snowy mountain tops in the back ground - river running through a valley, 3 prominent clumps of trees and two human figuresFront: 'C.R. 1941' Back: 'Black Forest Scene by Frau Charlotte Rippert. - Donor: Elfrieda (Kaltenbach) - Faig. April 2002' -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Artwork, other - Painting, Farm Scene
This artwork was painted by Charlotte Rippert who was interned in Camp 3 with her whole family. The painting was painted in camp. Charlotte Rippert was a German Lutheran Missionary in Egypt, arrested as a security risk in Cairo, 1941. Transported on Queen Elizabeth to Australia and interned at Camp 3 1941-1945.Oil painting on Board (framed) - painting is of a farm scene with a large yellow-green tree in the centre-left with four other green trees and a farm and fence - in the background are hills against the skylineBack: 'Oil painting believed to be by Charlotte Rippert. Wedding gift to Otto Lobert in Camp 3, WW2. (One of a pair C3505) DONOR: Otto Lobert, Nov. 1993' charlotte rippert, otto lobert, mrs lobert, camp 3 weddings, queen elizabeth, camp 3 artwork -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Artwork, other - Painting - Oil, Black Forest
This artwork was painted by Charlotte Rippert who was interned in Camp 3 with her whole family. The painting was painted in camp. Charlotte Rippert was a German Lutheran Missionary in Egypt, arrested as a security risk in Cairo, 1941. Transported on Queen Elizabeth to Australia and interned at Camp 3 1941-1945.oil painting on boardBack: 'Black Forest Scene by Frau Charlotte Rippert, DONOR: Elfrieda Kaltenbach FAIG, APRIL 2002 -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Artwork, other - Painting, Oil, Deutscher Wald
This artwork was painted by Charlotte Rippert who was interned in Camp 3 with her whole family. The painting was painted in camp. Charlotte Rippert was a German Lutheran Missionary in Egypt, arrested as a security risk in Cairo, 1941. Transported on Queen Elizabeth to Australia and interned at Camp 3 1941-1945.green and yellow forest with a natural path coming from the left side and 6 prominent trees along itBack: (in pencil) 'Deutscher Wald. gemalt in Tatura (Australia) Charlotte Rippert.', a sticker for the Tatura and District Historical Society Museum, another sticker that reads - 'Gerd Aberle, 40 London Street, Bentleigh Vic 3204. Artist Charlotte Rippert Camp 3 -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.
Photograph - Colour, Ann Gervasoni, Lochnagar Crater, 2014, 23/07/2017
The mine was named after Lochnagar Street, the British trench from which the gallery was driven. It was one of 19 mines that were placed beneath the German lines on the British section of the Somme front to assist the infantry advance at the start of the battle. The Lochnagar mine was sprung at 7:28 a.m. on 1 July 1916 and left a crater 98 ft (30 m) deep and 330 ft (100 m) wide, which was captured and held by British troops. The attack on either flank was defeated by German small-arms and artillery fire, except on the extreme right flank and just south of La Boisselle, north of the Lochnagar Crater. The crater has been preserved as a memorial and a religious service is held each 1 July. (Wikipedia)A number of photographs of a crater which was created at the Somme, on the Western Front during World War One. lochnagar crater, tunnellers, the somme, world war one, western front, france -
Royal Brighton Yacht Club
Life Ring, Vega Trophy (Mounted Wooden Life Ring)
Vega Trophy (Mounted Wooden Life Ring) Donor: Graham Noel During World War II when the Germans occupied the Channel Islands the local people went through very severe food rationing and were on the verge of starvation. Near the end of the war, the Swedish ship Vega was allowed by the Germans to deliver several shipments of food to the civilian population, easing the critical shortages of food on the islands. Further background detail can be found below. Graham Noel was born on the Islands and lived there during this harsh period. The trophy is awarded to the winner of the Combined Division AMS Aggregate Series. First Winner: Under Capricorn, P. Bedlington 2005/06 Vega – Further historical background Early in the Second World War Jersey was declared “unarmed” and the German military took over, taking quite a few lives in the process, through strafing the main harbour and a few other places which they needlessly considered threatening. A considerable number of locals evacuated to England before the Germans arrived, but more than 60% of the population remained and endured 5 years of very strict and difficult conditions. Not only was the population unable to contact relatives in the UK or elsewhere, but very quickly they found themselves subject to harsh curfews, strictly rationed foodstuffs, no fuel for vehicles, radios confiscated, and homes and hotels commandeered by the military. The military demanded first pick of all foodstuffs and kept meticulous records of all livestock forcing farmers even to show newborn calves and piglets to them, then claiming the new arrivals for their dinner tables. However there are many stories of farmers outwitting their masters when twin calves or suchlike arrived! Lawbreakers were quickly dealt with, mostly with lengthy prison terms in Jersey, but the more serious crimes were punished by being sent to some horrible French prisons, or even some of the notorious German concentration camps. All local Jews were dispatched to concentration camps, and even English born families were similarly shipped through France and on to Germany. Sadly, a considerable number of those deported did not make it back safely to Jersey. In June 1944 the locals were delighted to hear that the Allies had invaded Normandy and very soon they could hear the battles as the Allies worked their way along the French coast. Little did they know they would still have to wait another 11 months for freedom, having to put up with a very demanding German occupation force which was still determined to obey Hitler’s order to “Defend the Channel Islands to the death”. Now that France was in Allied Hands the local military commanders were unable to supplement their food supplies from France and even harsher demands were made on the local population to ensure that all branches of their still very substantial military force were reasonably well fed. As well as the military, Jersey farmers had to provide food for the Allied POWs and the many “forced labourers”, mainly of Russian, Polish and Italian backgrounds who had been directed to the island to build all the concrete bunkers. This included an underground hospital, all this complying with Hitler’s orders to ensure that the Channel Islands would never again be part of Britain. Many requests by the Jersey authorities for Red Cross assistance were rejected, but finally in December 1944 they agreed and on 30th December the Red Cross vessel “Vega” (Swedish Registry) arrived and delivered parcels to the civilian population. These parcels contained a variety of foodstuffs supplied mainly by Canadian authorities, desperately needed medical supplies, flour, oils and soaps, as well as tobacco from New Zealand. Vega made a further 3 or 4 trips and most certainly eased the desperate situation being faced by the locals. In fact, it resulted in the locals having slightly better food supplies than the military and many local farmers tell stories of having to protect their stock from marauding soldiers. Understandably Churchill was reluctant to send in an invading force to retake the Channel Islands, but by May 1945 it was clear that the Third Reich was finished and on May 9th the German Military surrendered, without a fight, to a large British landing force. On a slightly lighter note … in January 1945 Jersey stonemasons were seen in the main town square repairing flagstones … the Germans had never noticed that the name “Vega” had been formed in those flagstones! As a side note Vega is the name of the brightest star in the universe. Furthermore, throughout the occupation, despite German law that demanded confiscation of all radio sets, punishable by long prison terms or deportation to Germany, there were still many sets being listened to. The locals had a well refined news system for the dissemination of news of what was happening in the outside world. vega, graham noel, ams, combined division, aggregate -
Bendigo Military Museum
Postcard - POSTCARD WW1, PHOTOGRAPHIC, 1914-1915
Souvenir postcards 1914-19151. postcard - sepia. 2. Postcard - sepia. 3. postcard - sepia. 4. Postcard - sepia.1. Guerre 1914-1915 Doullens (Somme) Passage des "Uhlans" September 1914. 2. Guerre 1914-1915 Saint Michel pres Saint-Die 'church bombarded by the German's' . 3. Doullens - Citadelle - Les Remparts. 4. Fletre - Rue de Bailleul.passchendaele barracks trust, postcards, ww1, france, souvenir -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Surgical silks and sutures, Teleflex (manufacturers of Deknatel), Early 1900s
Through many millennia, various suture materials were used or proposed. Needles were made of bone or metals such as silver, copper, and aluminium bronze wire. Sutures were made of plant materials (flax, hemp and cotton) or animal material (hair, tendons, arteries, muscle strips and nerves, silk, and catgut).[citation needed] The earliest reports of surgical suture date to 3000 BC in ancient Egypt, and the oldest known suture is in a mummy from 1100 BC. A detailed description of a wound suture and the suture materials used in it is by the Indian sage and physician Sushruta, written in 500 BC. The Greek father of medicine, Hippocrates, described suture techniques, as did the later Roman Aulus Cornelius Celsus. The 2nd-century Roman physician Galen described sutures made of surgical gut or catgut. In the 10th century, the catgut suture along with the surgery needle were used in operations by Abulcasis. The gut suture was similar to that of strings for violins, guitars, and tennis racquets and it involved harvesting sheep or cow intestines. Catgut sometimes led to infection due to a lack of disinfection and sterilization of the material. Joseph Lister endorsed the routine sterilization of all suture threads. He first attempted sterilization with the 1860s "carbolic catgut," and chromic catgut followed two decades later. Sterile catgut was finally achieved in 1906 with iodine treatment. The next great leap came in the twentieth century. The chemical industry drove production of the first synthetic thread in the early 1930s, which exploded into production of numerous absorbable and non-absorbable synthetics. The first synthetic absorbable was based on polyvinyl alcohol in 1931. Polyesters were developed in the 1950s, and later the process of radiation sterilization was established for catgut and polyester. Polyglycolic acid was discovered in the 1960s and implemented in the 1970s. Today, most sutures are made of synthetic polymer fibers. Silk and, rarely, gut sutures are the only materials still in use from ancient times. In fact, gut sutures have been banned in Europe and Japan owing to concerns regarding bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Silk suture is still used today, mainly to secure surgical drains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_suture#:~:text=Sutures%20were%20made%20of%20plant,a%20mummy%20from%201100%20BC. This tin contains a variety of surgical threads and accessories that were used by Dr W.R.Angus. It was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s SS Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church in that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr L Middleton was House Surgeon to the Nhill Hospital 1926-1933, when he resigned. [Dr Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr Edward saw patients at his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2 bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1884-1902 . He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan work as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. Dr Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10am, 2-4pm, 7-8pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June, 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII1942-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”. The repair of open wounds is essential to prevent infection and death. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. Black tin with hinged lid, containing reels and packets of surgical silk, gut and metal suture threads, scalpel blades, chamois and metal blade holder with tensioned chamois piece across top. (W.R. Angus Collection)‘MEDRAFIL, Dr MULLER- MEERNACH, Nr O, MADE IN GERMANY.’ printed on one of the paper bags in the box containing a suture bobbin. 'PEARSALL'S LONDON' printed on some bobbins. 'J A DEKNATEL & SON INC, QUEENS VILLAGE, LONG ISLAND NEW YORK' printed on others.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, surgical silks and sutures, dr w r angus, medical equipment, surgical instrument, dr ryan, ophthalmology, s.s. largs bay, warrnambool base hospital, nhill base hospital, flying doctor, medical history, medical treatment, mira hospital, medical education, medical text book, sutures, surgical silk -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Sepia Photograph, Photograph of Peronne France 2nd Sept.1918
Between 31 August and 2 September 1918, Australia's Second Division attacked and captured the German stronghold of Mont St Quentin, the key to the strategic town of Péronne on the Somme River. Tired and under strength, units such as the 21st Battalion skilfully drove the enemy from their well-established positions,This photograph shows the aftermath of fighting in Peronne.Rectangular shaped Sepia Photograph.Peronne France 2 Sept. 1918. The ruined town,seen from across the Somme Canal.Immediately above the centre of town shrapnel may be observed bursting over the old historic church.ww1, peronne france, lara r.s.l. australian 2nd division, mont st quentin.