Caulking is the traditional technique used on wooden vessels built with butted or clinker-built planks to fill the gaps between these planks while still allowing the wood to flex and move. This involved driving the irons, hammered in with the mallet, deep into the seams to open them up. After this, spun yarn, oakum (hemp) or cotton was driven deep into the gaps. The hemp or cotton was soaked in creosote or pine tar to make the joins watertight. Caulking also played a structural role in tightening up the hull or deck by reducing the longitudinal movement of the neighbouring planks. The subject item was made by Ward & Payne of the Limbrick Works at Hillsborough, Sheffield England manufacturers of hand-forged tools. Their trademark registered in 1850 was a Letter "W" & "P" stamped into the steel. The firm was established by David Ward (1767-1822) in 1803 the company became David Ward & Sons, in 1837 after Ward's son Edward joined the firm. In 1845 Henry Payne the founder's son-in-law became a partner but died in 1850 after which the company reverted to the Ward family. The business then concentrated on making carving tools, chisels and gouges. In 1882 David Ward's grandson David Ward Jr. (1835-1889) purchased land and built a factory at Sheffield North known as the "Limerick Wheel". For a time Wards operated from both 106-114 West Street Sheffield and at Limbrick Road, Hillsborough on the river Loxley. By 1911 they had expanded into making spades, forks, sheep shears and many other types of edged tools including drills and wood planes. In 1967 Wilkinson Sword purchased all the company's share capital and continued to sell Ward & Payne tools until 1970 when a fire burned the factory down and housing development was built on the site. The subject item is significant as it gives a snapshot of the technological development of sailing ships and their operation before steam-powered vessels took over around the world. Tools such as the subject item demonstrate the traditional craftsmanship and skill of the shipwright and the aesthetic quality of the timber ships designs of the time. Caulking tool with square end"WARD Sheffield"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, james s steele, caulking iron, caulking tool, shipwright tools, ward & payne sheffield, forged tools

This anklet belonged to Warrant Officer, William Addison Payne who enlisted in QLD for the 8th Australian Recce BattalionCanvas with two straps one end and two buckles the other end.The top of gaiter curved down approx.30mm at ends from centre.Likewise, the bottom of gaiter.WO 11. Payne W A VX 113620 W A PAYNEgaiter

Index, ill, p.244.non-fictionThe dramatic story of an Australian soldier who was awarded the VC for his extraordinary bravery in Vietnam, only to return home to spend years struggling with depression, alcohol and prescription drugs, before turning his life aroundvietnam conflict - australian involvement, vietnam conflict 1961-1975 - personal recollections

A True Story...Keith Payne's citation for the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration awarded in the British Commonwealth for valour, reads like a touch of madness.australia. australian army - officers - biography, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - fiction, keith payne, victoria cross, aattv

A True Story...Keith Payne's citation for the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration awarded in the British Commonwealth for valour, reads like a touch of madness.australia. australian army - officers - biography, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - fiction, military decorations, keith payne, victoria cross, aattv

Michelle Payne was the first woman jockey to win the Melbourne Cup on 'Prince of Penzance'Protective helmet worn by Melbourne Cup winning jockey Michelle Payne.

This book traces the one hundered years of the development of the Shire of Whittlesea, from the discovery by Hume and Hovell in 1824 to the time of the centenary in 1975. The intervening years saw the settlement of Vandemonians, Sydney-siders, English, Scots, Irish and Germans, Black Thursday, the building of the Yan Yean Reservoir, the Plenty River flour millls, the timber industry, fruit-growing and export and vineyards. Personalities and pubs, subdivisions, stories of the Findon Hunt Club and various Shires including Epping. History of education and transiton from rural to urban in the south of the Shire. The work is illustrated with maps and photographs. The Shire is now the City of Whittlesea and is an immediate neighbour to the north of the Shire of Nillumbik. shire of whittlesea

Historical account of the service of HMAS Hobart from 1938 to 1962.Soft card cover. Title in gold lettering. Front & back covers illustrated with black & white photos. 76 pages with cut edges bound with staples. Illustrated with black & white photos & diagrams.books-naval history, military history-navy, hobart, hmas

Soft covered illustrated book of 204 pages, HMAS Australia. Contains photos & drawings from the period 1928 - 1955.books-naval-history, military history-navy, hmas

220 page, cut paged softcover book with B&W illustrations. Front cover has B&W picture of nurses in a hospital with oval shaped photo of soldiers lying on the ground inset behind the title. back cover has block printing with small B&W photo of nurses. Black print on spine.Handwritten in blue "John W Toon OAM Ex POW 8th Div" Handwritten in black "Donated by Bendigo YMCA" Stamped on front flyleaf "Bendigo District RSL Sub Branch Inc PO Box 449 Bendigo Central 3552" books, military history

This book was issued for the Centenary of the Whittlesea Shire and written by J.W.Payne.This records the history of the white settlement of Whittlesea Shire. In particular it has detail of the Plenty Valley corridor.234 pages, illus., hard cover, pale green dust cover. 2 CopiesCopy one has library stamps and some pencil markings.whittlesea shire, plenty river, janefield, bundoora, flour mills

A brief history of the Arthur's Creek area.40 p., illus.W. A. Partingtonarthur's creek, arthurs creek

Index, bibliography, notes, ill, p.220.non-fictionThe story of the Heidelberg Military Hospital during the second world warmilitary hospitals - australia - heidleberg, military nursing - history

The dates and compsition of the 25 Troop Transport Task Force groups that served in the operational area during Australia's involvement in Vietnam 1965-72.vietnam war, 1961-1975 - naval operations, hmas sydney (aircraft carrier), the vung tau ferry, royal australian navy, hmas sydney, 25 troop transport task force

The dates and compsition of the 25 Troop Transport Task Force groups that served in the operational area during Australia's involvement in Vietnam 1965-72.vietnam war, 1961-1975 - naval operations, hmas sydney (aircraft carrier), the vung tau ferry, 25 troop transport task force, royal australian navy, australia. royal australian navy, hmas s, hmas sydney

The dates and compsition of the 25 Troop Transport Task Force groups that served in the operational area during Australia's involvement in Vietnam 1965-72.vietnam war, 1961-1975 - naval operations, hmas sydney (aircraft carrier), hmas sydney, the vung tau ferry, 25, 25 troop transport task force, royal australian navy