Showing 188 items
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Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Book - Reference Teaching Infants, MacMillan's Teaching in Practice for Infant Schools Projects and Pictures Vol. 1, 1949
This item was reprinted in 1949 (first edition in 1934) in Great Britain and used in Victorian Infant school classes.This was in the era where "mother England" was still the favourite source of educational text books for Australian primary schools. "Australianism" was frowned upon by educational institutions as being not proper English. This belief lingered on for a longer period in private schools, where "ockerism" was a dirty word. It was not until the mid 1950s that the Australian dialect and social mores were accepted as suitable for educational activities.This item was used in Mount Beauty Primary School as part of a teacher's curriculum. The fact that it was in a rural area, Kiewa Valley did present a slightly different learning atmosphere than in the larger towns and cities. The majority of parents within the Kiewa Valley, had a slight resentment of the "high and mighty" attitude of city dwellers with a "plum in their mouths" and the effectiveness of city bred teachers was how to overcome these ingrained mores. The mentioning of European nations and lifestyles was to the pupils in the infant schools far more like "fairyland" than the realism that they experienced on the "land". However at this age level fantasy was more important than reality. Australian fantasy tales e.g. Blinky Bill (circa 1930s) introduced main characters that infants could identify, especially in rural schools.This item is a green coloured hard backed book containing 384 double sided pages. Nearly all pages have black writing and free hand sketches. There are some pages of duplicated sheet music.See KVHS 0046, KVHS 0047, KVHS 0048 for the other volumes held.On the spine is "MACMILLANS TEACHING IN PRACTICE" below this "PROJECTS and PICTURES" underneath "VOL 1". On title page "edited by E.J.S.Lay" underneath VOLUME ONE. Below this there is printed a two branch wreath within these an "Olympic" type torch.infant school curriculum, teacher's aid reference, instruction book -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Book - Reference Teaching Infants, MacMillan's Teaching in Practice for Infant Schools Projects and Pictures Vol. 2, 1949
This item was reprinted in 1949 (first edition in 1934) in Great Britain and used in Victorian Infant school classes.This was in the era where "mother England" was still the favourite source of educational text books for Australian primary schools. "Australianism" was frowned upon by educational institutions as being not proper English. This belief lingered on for a longer period in private schools, where "ockerism" was a dirty word. It was not until the mid 1950s that the Australian dialect and social mores were accepted as suitable for educational activities.This item was used in Mount Beauty Primary School as part of a teacher's curriculum. The fact that it was in a rural area, Kiewa Valley did present a slightly different learning atmosphere than in the larger towns and cities. The majority of parents within the Kiewa Valley, had a slight resentment of the "high and mighty" attitude of city dwellers with a "plum in their mouths" and the effectiveness of city bred teachers was to overcome these ingrained mores. The mentioning of European nations and lifestyles was to the pupils in the infant schools far more like "fairyland" than the realism that they experienced on the "land". However at this age level fantasy was more important than reality. Australian fantasy tales e.g. Blinky Bill (circa 1930s) introduced main characters that infants could identify, especially in rural schools.This item is a green coloured hard backed book containing 768 double sided pages. Nearly all pages have black writing and free hand sketches. There are some pages of duplicated sheet music. See KVHS 0045, KVHS 0047, KVHS 0048 for the other volumes held.On the spine is "MACMILLANS TEACHING IN PRACTICE" below this "PROJECTS and PICTURES" underneath "VOL 2". On title page "edited by E.J.S.Lay" underneath VOLUME TWO. Below this there is printed a two branch wreath within these an "Olympic" type torch.infant school curriculum, teacher's aid reference, instruction book -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Book - Reference Teaching Infants, MacMillan's Teaching in Practice for Infant Schools Projects and Pictures Vol. 5, 1949
This item was reprinted in 1949 (first edition in 1934) in Great Britain and used in Victorian Infant school classes.This was in the era where "mother England" was still the favourite source of educational text books for Australian primary schools. "Australianism" was frowned upon by educational institutions as being not proper English. This belief lingered on for a longer period in private schools, where "ockerism" was a dirty word. It was not until the mid 1950s that the Australian dialect and social mores were accepted as suitable for educational activities.This item was used in Mount Beauty Primary School as part of a teacher's curriculum. The fact that it is in a rural area, Kiewa Valley did present a slightly different learning atmosphere than in the larger towns and cities. The majority of parents within the Kiewa Valley, had a slight resentment of the "high and mighty" attitude of city dwellers with a "plum in their mouths" and the effectiveness of city bred teachers was to overcome these ingrained mores. The mentioning of European nations and lifestyles was to the pupils in the infant schools far more like "fairyland" than the realism that they experienced on the "land". However at this age level fantasy was more important than reality. Australian fantasy tales e.g. Blinky Bill (circa 1930s) introduced main characters that infants could identify, especially in rural schools.This item is a green coloured hard backed book containing 2067 double sided pages. Nearly all pages have black writing and free hand sketches. There are some pages of duplicated sheet music.The last 13 pages contain the index of the total 5 volumes of the set. See KVHS 0045, KVHS 0046, KVHS 0047 for the the volumes held.On the spine is "MACMILLANS TEACHING IN PRACTICE" below this "PROJECTS and PICTURES" underneath "VOL 5". On title page "edited by E.J.S.Lay" underneath"VOLUME FIVE". Below this there is printed a two branch wreath within these an "Olympic" type torch.teacher's aid reference, instruction book, infant school curriculum -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Book - Reference Botany, Botany - A Junior Book For Schools, 1927
This book was a highly regarded reference book for students in primary and lower secondary schools within Victoria from the late 1800s to the mid 1900s. The book provided students with the fundamental knowledge of botany for the era in which it was produced. As this book was targeting a junior schooling level (basic), it could cover a greater and extended reader population. Teaching institutions could, because of its straight forward, basic written information, retain this book's circulation for a greater length of time, thereby optimising the return against the greater initial costs of importing it from England.This book was produced in a time where learning was at a relatively slower pace (due to a smaller source and supply of material). The availability of a large range of cheap reference books such as that offered from 1971 on wards via the internet "Project Guttenberg" in the form of electronic books, has dramatically provided a larger source of reference material. The significance of this book on botany, is that it was highly effective for the era in which it was produced and in particular the students at a rural based school. Being in a rural area students were able to identify local vegetation to the various life cycles of plants presented in this mainly United Kingdom/European referenced book. The students in the Kiewa Valley and attending a rural school, where in a position to study all the fundamental teaching that this book encompassed. This in one way provided students in the valley a slightly better appreciation between book and real life (on the land, in the field and by the river). Later publications of this book had additional Australian references in them.This hard covered book(cloth strengthened) is faded(aged) beige in colour and consists of 204 pages. It is printed in English (black print) on both sides and contains illustrations of both free hand sketches and photographs of plants, both foliage and roots systems. The book is arranged in three sections: three pages of preface, two of contents (28 chapters). The last four pages contain the appendix and index.On spine "BOTANY" underneath "R.H. YAPP" and at bottom the Cambridge coat of Arms and below this "CAMBRIDGE" The front cover "BOTANY" underneath this "A JUNIOR BOOK FOR SCHOOLS" and below this a an illustration of a four leaf petal(flower of Germander Speedwell) the same as appears on the cover of edition 2, however this book is edition 3. At the bottom is "R.H. YAPPschool, botany, text books, science experiments, nature -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Book - Reference Teaching, Intermediate English J. Aughterson, Circa 1957
This particular edition was published in a period (1950s), when textbooks for primary and secondary schools were published by London based publishing houses such as LONGMAN. This particular publishing house brand is now only used by the Longman Schools in China. This reference book was one of the basic reading material for students learning the "English" language opposed to the "Americanised English". The two versions of English now in use are mainly influenced by the greater influx of American based media and the internet. At the time of this publication however print media was at its peak and the English used was from the United Kingdom. Although the written language is in English, the majority subject matter is of Australian origin. This text book is very significant in demonstrating the type of English taught in rural schools during the period and before the internet and the American based spell check programs now in use. The subtle changes in both the spoken and written English, due to the modern internet facilities, can be seen by the "texting" language of school aged students, post "world wide web" and mobile telephones. This English text book is a moment in time, when the isolation of rural communities had greater affect upon the standard of both the written and spoken language. It was a time when Britain was still thought of as "the mother land" and the English used was that brought to Australian by the original settlers and over time developed an "Australian flavour".Plastic covered soft green colored cardboard cover in black print. Pages (150) are printed in black ink on both sides and in different fonts.Front cover "INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH" underneath "J. Aughterson" underneath a squiggle of three half circles. underneath "LONGMANS". Spine: "AUGHTERSON INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LONGMANS"school curriculum, secondary education, rural schools -
Orbost & District Historical Society
black and white photograph, January 1901
This photograph was taken at the "old station" at Corringle near Orbost. It was a popular picnic spot. Late in 1857 Mr Thomas T. Stirling took over Corringle Run ("Corringle" means "shallow water"). Mr Stirling and his family came from the wester district - Winchelsea. He settled at the Old Station. A few people were employed at the Orbost Stationb and there was settlement on the Orbost flats, Mr T. T. Stirling held the land from Lake Tyrers to Bemm River as a cattle run. About 1888 he became Secretary of the new Tambo Shire.This is a contemporary pictorial record of rural family life in Orbost in the early 20th century.A black / white photograph showing people on a beach with some in the water. those on the sand are dressed formally - men wearing suits and hats, the ladies in long dresses and hats.on back - "Picnic at OLD STATION Jan 1901"orbost-station orbost-family-life recreation -
Orbost & District Historical Society
Bread maker, Landers Frary and Clark, Early 20th century
Bread machines were made for quite a long time from the 1890's on. They came in different heights and capacities. The advertisements at the time stated that making bread with their machine was superior to hand kneading, This item is good example of a domestic appliance used when most foods were home-made. Access to commercial bread was limited in rural areas and housewives became skilled at bread-making.Metal bucket with lid. Lid has hole in centre through which a handle for turning the dough hook comes. Grey rusty coloured.Put in all liquids first, then flour, turn 3 minutes, raise in pail. After raising, turn until dough forms a ball. Take off cross piece, lift out dough with kneader.bread domestic-appliance bread-maker food-technology bakery -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Photograph, c1900
This photograph shows a small timber house in Wooragee. In 1855, the Ovens district made a shift towards farming development that included the sales of land in the Wooragee Valley. This shift came because of miner's demands and concern about stabilising the area around the goldfield. Continual migration needed to be supported, unlucky diggers needed alternative employment, and there was a lack of affordable fresh produce available on the goldfields. Initially, the cost of land in areas like Wooragee was prohibitive, and miners chose to squat rather than overpay for poor land. Throughout the 1850s and 1860s, land reform was a key topic for miners and politicians, as they attempted to improve land access and protect financial interests. This photograph is an example of rural development in the Wooragee area, showing the cottage, tents, and garden beds. While the date is unknown, the image nevertheless links us to the 1850s-1860s story of rural development in Indigo Shire. Black and white rectangular photo, copy of original, printed on paper. wooragee, timber, timber cottage, corrugated iron, cottage, housing, tents, gardening, farming, farming and agriculture, construction, garden bed, flowers, verandah, squatting, tent, field -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Audio - Oral History, Jennifer Williams, Mrs Val Mason, 5 January 2001
Mrs. Valerie (Val) Mason (1927-2019) was a local sheep farmer, business-woman, Beechworth shire councillor, and mother to five children. With her husband, Charles, Mrs. Mason developed and managed the Big Valley farm estate, at Everton, which is now part of a vineyard and farm stay. Mrs. Mason was instrumental in introducing a 'paddock to plate' philosophy and business model, opening a butcher shop on the farm in 1973. Concerned with improving infrastructure and developing economic opportunities in the region, Mrs. Mason successfully stood as a local council representative for South Riding in the United Shire of Beechworth, and later become the first woman Shire President in 1979. Mrs Mason was a member of the local Business and Professional Women's Club for 37 years. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Mrs. Mason's story is historically significant for understanding economic and social changes in the Beechworth region during the latter half of the twentieth century. As a council representative, issues such as road and infrastructure modernisation and the transition from traditional government employment sectors, like Beechworth's care institutions, were challenges for local government. As a farmer and local employer, Mrs. Mason's story is testimony to the region's economic diversification as businesses like Big Valley farm shop helped shape the region's contemporary character. Mrs. Mason was among the first women to broach the traditionally all-male Beechworth Council Chambers and her story is socially significant for understanding the changing role of women in rural and regional Australia. This oral history recording offers interpretive capacity for social history themes and may be compared with other oral histories in the Burke Museum's collection. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mrs Val Mason /listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, working women, trail blazers, farm to plate, farm shop, paddock to plate, woman farmer, united shire of beechworth, rural and regional women, beechworth's first woman shire president, women in leadership positions, women leaders, australian settlement history, settler societies, victorian gold rush, heritage tourism, culinary tourism, regional land use, indigo winery, farm stay, social history -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Audio - Oral History, Jennifer Williams, John Watson, 22 June 2000
John Watson's story shows insight to the families that moved to Beechworth and the motivation behind this. It showcases the nuances of life in the district and the day to day ways of living. This history speaks of land cultivation and the innovation of industry in the region, in particular cattle farming and butchering. Watson's account speaks of the way that the practice of breeding cattle effects the rural lifestyle, and the hardships that come with working on the land. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Watson's account is historically significant due to its ability to illustrate the lifestyle and industry of those in Beechworth during the twentieth century. It is a rare insight into the the practices of residents of this time. This oral history also shows deep insight into the social structure of the community. It describes the family and community dynamics over a long period of time, the motivations behind behaviour, and the greater community fabric. This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.John Watson1800s beechworth, 20th century beechworth, beechworth, farming and agriculture, farm, farm work, farmers, farming, cattle, industry, oral history, john watson -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Book, Melbourne University Press, Heidelberg: The Land and its People 1838-1900 by Donald S. Garden, 1972
Although Heidelberg was one of the first parts of the Port Phillip District to be settled, and became important and prestigious in the early years of the colony, its history has been largely neglected. The beauty and fertility of the land and its proximity to Melbourne quickly resulted in the establishment in the 1830s and 40s of large estates by wealthy gentlemen. A romantic spot, Heidelberg became popular with picnickers and later attracted an artists' colony. The character of the area then gradually changed as a distinct village community emerged, and market gardens began to flourish. Unlike some of the suburbs closer to Melbourne, Heidelberg eventually wilted under economic pressures from which it did not fully recover until the turn of the century. This book allows us within the larger contect of the colony's fortunes and misfortunes, the struggle of Heidelberg the suburb to be born " - flyleaf. Contents: First land sales and subdivisions, gentlemen of Heidelberg and their estates and activities, infant rural community. golden fifties, decline and backwater, railway and land boom, a maturing community , the depression of the nineties. This book was the first to focus on the area of Heidelberg and its context within the Port Phillip District and remains significant as a key secondary source for describing the history of the area. It is relevant to the contextual history of its neighbour the former Shire of Eltham and Shire of Nillumbik.Hardback. Includes illustrations and index, 219 p.ISBN 0522840191port phillip district, ivanhoe, heidelberg, charles wingrove -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Book, Box Hill, 1978
This book looks at Box Hill as it grew from a rural backwater to a country town amid farms and orchards, then to an outer suburb, and then to an almost inner suburb. It covers the rural depression in the 1860s, the land boom of the 1880s and the collapse in the 1890s, the bitter days of two World Wars and the Depression, and the 'dry' suburb of Box Hill.Hardback book of 270 pages, indexed and footnoted, with some photos and plans; it is divided into chronological periods rather than themes."SURREY HILLS / NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE - HISTORY" on top of title page; "Surrey Hills Neighbourhood Centre" on top of front of jacket.box hill, dry area, temperance movement, mayors, councillors, agriculture, railways -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Book, An historical geography of Surrey Hills, 1882-1913, 1979
A thesis submitted for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honours. This thesis presents in a description form, the development of Surrey Hills, an eastern suburb of Melbourne. The settlement and growth from a rural district in 1882 to a suburban centre in 1913.This thesis presents in a description form, the development of Surrey Hills, an eastern suburb of Melbourne. The settlement and growth from a rural district in 1882 to a suburban centre in 1913.surrey hills, geography, topography, j. knipe, land use, population -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Book, An historical geography of Surrey Hills, 1882-1913, 1979
A thesis submitted for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honours. This thesis presents in a description form, the development of Surrey Hills, an eastern suburb of Melbourne. The settlement and growth from a rural district in 1882 to a suburban centre in 1913.This thesis presents in a description form, the development of Surrey Hills. The settlement and growth from a rural district in 1882 to a suburban centre in 1913.surrey hills, geography, topography, j. knipe, land use, population -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Soils and Land Use, 1963
Advice to land holders on how to use the Soil Survey Report. Soils and land use in the deakin Irrigation area, Vict, Technical Bulletin No. 16, Melb. Includes maps for Deakin Irrigation AreaCream cover, black writing, Techical Bulletin No. 16soils and land use, tatura, irrigation, books, technical, rural, industry -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Memories of Palestine, 2005
Book of recollections of life in Templer settlements, 1869-1948. Translated from German by Peter G Hornung, Heinz Arndt and others. Original title Damels in Palestine, published in Stuttgart 1990.Brown, gold, orange covers, white writing, small black writing, map of Palestine on front, children in rural scene on backtatura, ww2 holy land, templer settlements, peter g homung, heinz arndt, damels in palestine -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Emergence of Bioregionalism in the MD Basin, 1993
An exploratory essay on he ongoing history of Murray Darling Basin includes legacies, explorations, soil erosion, irrigation divsity, land degradation, change, regionalism, conservation, maps of Vic. NSW and QueenslandGloosy cover, brown marbled scenes from Berri Irrigation Area Reiver Murray, South Australia on back. Maps, water scenes, Pyap Estates on front.murray darling basin, legacies, erosion, degradation, diversity, tatura, murray river, books, rural, industry -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Register of Land 1955-1956, 1955
Register of Lands in Tatura district with apportioned water rights 1955-56Beige covers, red spine, black lettering. Rodney Irrigaton and Water Supply District 28.10.1955.farming and irrigation, books, irrigation, rural, industry -
Koorie Heritage Trust
Book, Abdulla, Ian W, As I grew older : the life and times of a Nunga growing up along the River Murray, 1993
As I Grew Older affirms the culture of rural Aborigines who, despite being dispossessed, have been determined to stay onb their own land. The painting of Ian Abdulla offer us a window on to the life of an Aboriginal Family on the Murray River in the mid-twentieth century.40 unnumbered pages : colour illustrations, 1 colour map ; 26 x 31 cm.As I Grew Older affirms the culture of rural Aborigines who, despite being dispossessed, have been determined to stay onb their own land. The painting of Ian Abdulla offer us a window on to the life of an Aboriginal Family on the Murray River in the mid-twentieth century.abdulla, ian w., 1947-2011. | aboriginal australians -- murray river region (n.s.w.-s.a.) -- biography. | aboriginal australians -- south australia -- juvenile literature. | aboriginal australians, in art -- juvenile literature. | painting, aboriginal australian -- south australia -- juvenile literature. | murray river region (n.s.w.-s.a.) -- biography. | australian -
Koorie Heritage Trust
Book, Behrendt, Larissa, Aboriginal Dispute Resolution, 1995
Discusses the importance of Indigenous communities being able to implement their own models of dispute resolution which take into account traditional values and decision-making structures; proposes a model which could be adapted for use in traditional, rural and urban communities.115 p. : ill. ; 20 cm.Discusses the importance of Indigenous communities being able to implement their own models of dispute resolution which take into account traditional values and decision-making structures; proposes a model which could be adapted for use in traditional, rural and urban communities.law - indigenous - dispute management | law - relation to anglo australian law | law enforcement | social organisation - elders | aboriginal australians -- legal status, laws, etc. | arbitration and award -- australia. | aboriginal australians -- land tenure. | dispute resolution (law) -- australia. -
Ballarat and District Irish Association
Image, Joseph Chamberlain, 1864
... of Birmingham City Council. There he worked for cheaper land prices... of Birmingham City Council. There he worked for cheaper land prices ...Joseph Chamberlain was was an important businessman and a politician. He worked to improve education, and cities. He was a Member of Parliament from 1876 to 1914, and Colonial Secretary (controlling British colonies) from 1895 to 1903. His son Austen won the Nobel Peace Prize and another son Neville was Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940. (Wikipedia) Chamberlain was a Unitarian, a Christian who believes Christ was an example of the way to live life, but was not divine (not a part of God). Unitarians try to work to help society. There were many problems in Birmingham after the industrial revolution, and many men were not allowed to vote. In 1868 Chamberlain helped a liberal man to become the Member of Parliament for Birmingham. In 1869, he started a group working for free primary education for all children. In November 1869, he became a member of Birmingham City Council. There he worked for cheaper land prices for rural (countryside) workers, and became very popular. In 1873 he became the Mayor of Birmingham. He bought the gas companies and water companies for the city, so people were able to have clean and safe water. He made parks, roads, schools museums and built new houses for poor people. In June 1876 he became the Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham. In parliament he worked to unite radical M.P.s (MPs that wanted change) against the Whig party who were in power. His work helped William Ewart Gladstone to become Prime Minister in 1880. Chamberlain often spoke about education in parliament. (Wikipedia)Image of a man called Joseph Chamberlain.ballarat irish, chamberlain, joseph chamberlain -
Ballarat and District Irish Association
Image, Land League Committee Meeting, Dublin, 1864
The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of a number of men sitting around a table. They are members of the Land League Committee during a meeting in Dublin.ballarat irish, land league, land league committee, dublin -
Ballarat and District Irish Association
Image, Charles Parnell, c1864, 1864
Parnell was an Irish nationalist and statesman who led the fight for Irish Home Rule in the 1880s. Charles Stewart Parnell was born on 27 June 1846 in County Wicklow into a family of Anglo-Irish Protestant landowners. He studied at Cambridge University and was elected to parliament in 1875 as a member of the Home Rule League (later re-named by Parnell the Irish Parliamentary Party). His abilities soon became evident. In 1878, Parnell became an active opponent of the Irish land laws, believing their reform should be the first step on the road to Home Rule. In 1879, Parnell was elected president of the newly founded National Land League and the following year he visited the United States to gain both funds and support for land reform. In the 1880 election, he supported the Liberal leader William Gladstone, but when Gladstone's Land Act of 1881 fell short of expectations, he joined the opposition. By now he had become the accepted leader of the Irish nationalist movement. Parnell now encouraged boycott as a means of influencing landlords and land agents, and as a result he was sent to jail and the Land League was suppressed. From Kilmainham prison he called on Irish peasants to stop paying rent. In March 1882, he negotiated an agreement with Gladstone - the Kilmainham Treaty - in which he urged his followers to avoid violence. But this peaceful policy was severely challenged by the murder in May 1882 of two senior British officials in Phoenix Park in Dublin by members of an Irish terrorist group. Parnell condemned the murders. In 1886, Parnell joined with the Liberals to defeat Lord Salisbury's Conservative government. Gladstone became prime minister and introduced the first Irish Home Rule Bill. Parnell believed it was flawed but said he was prepared to vote for it. The Bill split the Liberal Party and was defeated in the House of Commons. Gladstone's government fell soon afterwards.(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of bearded man known as Charles Stewart Parnellballarat irish, parnell, charles parnell, home rule -
Peterborough History Group
Map - Map of Curdies River Inlet district, Narrawaturk
... as it shows owners of rural land in the Peterborough area ...Shows the allotment boundaries and names of landowners at the timeSignificant as it shows owners of rural land in the Peterborough area.Photocopy of an old mapHandwritten notes and markings on the map.peterborough, curdies river, curdies river inlet, old maps, maps, narrawaturk -
Nillumbik Shire Council
Sculpture: Tony Trembath (b.1946 Sale, Victoria), Tony Trembath, The Fences Act 1968 - Location: Edendale Farm (entrance) 30 Gastons Road, Eltham, 1989 - 1994
Eltham Council (now the Shire of Nillumbik) commissioned this work in 1989 to create an entrance / gateway to Edendale Community Farm. It was also aided by a grant from the Ministry of the Arts (now Arts Victoria). The former name of this work was "Gateway to Edendale Farm". Edendale Farm is a demonstration farm modelling sustainable environmental practices, providing support to the local residents of Nillumbik. Established in 1986, the land was purchased in 1970. It was previously an English gentleman's residence and was used for grazing. It consists of 5.6 hectares, with the Diamond Creek meandering through the property. The Victorian Fences Act 1968 governs liability of occupiers of adjoining lands to fence, and deals with disputes between neighbours regarding boundaries fences and costs. This work took into consideration ideas and suggestions from residents and committees, who required the use of recycled materials and that the work celebrate man's relationship with nature, animals and the earth, as well as relate to the fence-line on the far side of the carpark. Trembath also absorbed significant aspects of local history, making references to Eltham's agricultural past, the clearing of the land, the destruction of trees, the ruthless pruning of trees by suburban Councils and incorporated such Australian features as the post and rail fence. 'The Fences Act 1968' is significant for aesthetic, historic and social reasons at a regional level. It makes prominent the historical and social significance of Edendale and the rural aspects of Nillumbik. The use of existing tree stumps and salt pots in the work explores the iconography of the countryside such as the isolated farmhouse, pioneering farming practices, post and rail fencing and the regrowth of lopped trees. The title of the work, as well as the extensive community involvement in its creation, also makes reference to the Victorian Fences Act 1968, which makes neighbours jointly responsible for the cost of construction and maintenance of fences in the partitioning of land for settlement. 'The Fences Act 1968' has been classified as of regional significance by the National Trust of Australia. The work is an installation of wood and metal, approximately twenty five meters long. The design is very informal and rustic and runs the full width of the fence-line. It comprises groups of recycled tree trunks fitted with metal caps (chrome-nickel 'salt pots' that are shaped like tall bowler / top hats). Metal rods protrude from the trunks and some of these rods have metal birds. Two larger, sentinel-like stumps at the two outer ends have metal flame-like wings, which bend inward. To the left of the entrance, a simple architectural element indicates an isolated farmhouse. The rustic fence runs between the groups of tree trunks with native planting in clumps along it. The fence-line incorporates a functional engineered double gate and post and rail fencing. There may be many interpretations of the work and the intention is to stimulate interest and imagination rather than alienate. Interpretation is based on the personal experience that a visitor brings. The artist recommended that no explanation of the design logic be positioned with the work. N/Apublic art, sculpture, edendale, recycled, wood, metal, fences act 1968, gate, trembath, salt pot, tree stumps -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Digital photo, George L Coop, 688 Whitehorse Road, Mont Albert c 1953, c1953
... of Surrey Hills and Mont Albert as formerly semi-rural land ...This was the home of 3 generations of the Coop family: 1. Josephine and George Frank Coop (noted in Box Hill Rate Books for 1947-1954). 2. George Burton Coop (1906-1960) and his family. He was Assistant Chief Architect of Victoria in the Public Works Department (P.W.D.) George Burton Coop was born in c1906 in Williamstown, the son of Josephine Vistarini and George Frank Coop. He married Winifred Alice Trewartha in 1936 and they are listed in the electoral rolls at 688 Whitehorse Road in 1937. George died 3/4/1960, aged 54 years at Mont Albert. 3. George Burton and Alice Coop had 2 children: George Lister Coop - born St Georges Hospital, 8/10/1937 Alison - born c1945. The donor George Lister Coop informed that he initially attended Chatham State School because his first home was the Spanish Mission style flats at 346 Whitehorse Road, opposite Brenbeal Street, Balwyn. When his grandparents died, the family moved to 688 Whitehorse Road and he then attended Mont Albert Central School. The California bungalow style of housing was the dominant style of housing built in the interwar period through the northern parts of Surrey Hills and Mont Albert as formerly semi-rural land was subdivided for new housing. It was relatively inexpensive and affordable. In Australia the Californian bungalow drew upon elements that were popular across the United States from around 1910 to 1939. In Australia the style became popular from 1913. In Melbourne both timber and red brick were used as the main building material. Typically they are one or one and a half story houses and feature sloping roofs and eaves with unenclosed rafters and often a feature a dormer window (or an attic vent designed to look like one) over the main portion of the house. Decorative elements include wood shingles, part stucco rendered exteriors, brick, stone, rendered or a combination of these treatments to exterior chimneys and front porches supported by heavy timber, brick or stucco columns.A black & white photo taken at an angle of a Californian bungalow.californian bungalow, whitehorse road, george frank coop, (miss) josephine vistarini, (mrs) josephine coop, george burton coop, (miss) winifred trewartha, (mrs) winifred coop, george lister coop, alison coop -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Digital photo, George L Coop, 688 Whitehorse Rd. Mont Albert c1950, c1950
... as formerly semi-rural land was subdivided for new housing ...This was the home of 3 generations of the Coop family: 1. Josephine and George Frank Coop (noted in Box Hill Rate Books for 1947-1954). 2. George Burton Coop (1906-1960) and his family. He was Assistant Chief Architect of Victoria in the Public Works Department (P.W.D.) George Burton Coop was born in c1906 in Williamstown, the son of Josephine Vistarini and George Frank Coop. He married Winifred Alice Trewartha in 1936 and they are listed in the electoral rolls at 688 Whitehorse Road in 1937. George died 3/4/1960, aged 54 years at Mont Albert. 3. George Burton and Alice Coop had 2 children: George Lister Coop - born St Georges Hospital, 8/10/1937 Alison - born c1945. The donor George Lister Coop informed that he initially attended Chatham State School because his first home was the Spanish Mission style flats at 346 Whitehorse Road, opposite Brenbeal Street, Balwyn. When his grandparents died, the family moved to 688 Whitehorse Road and he then attended Mont Albert Central School. The California bungalow style of housing was the dominant style of housing built in the interwar period through the northern parts of Surrey Hills and Mont Albert as formerly semi-rural land was subdivided for new housing. It was relatively inexpensive and affordable. In Australia the Californian bungalow drew upon elements that were popular across the United States from around 1910 to 1939. In Australia the style became popular from 1913. In Melbourne both timber and red brick were used as the main building material. Typically they are one or one and a half story houses and feature sloping roofs and eaves with unenclosed rafters and often a feature a dormer window (or an attic vent designed to look like one) over the main portion of the house. Decorative elements include wood shingles, part stucco rendered exteriors, brick, stone, rendered or a combination of these treatments to exterior chimneys and front porches supported by heavy timber, brick or stucco columns.A sepia photo taken at an angle from the street corner of the property. It is of a Californian bungalow with a driveway that extends through a carport, attached and roofed as part of the house, to the rear of the property. The veranda is accessed from under this covered area. The veranda and carport are supported by brick pillars and the veranda balustrades between are plain with an occasional wider feature panel. The front door is in shadow. There are rolled up striped canvas blinds on the veranda and at least 2 cane chairs. The main structure of the house is weatherboard with a terracotta tiled roof. There is a flower bed across the front of the house with an elevated brick flower box under the main window. There are no chimneys visible.californian bungalow, whitehorse road, george frank coop, (miss) josephine vistarini, (mrs) josephine coop, george burton coop, (miss) winifred trewartha, (mrs) winifred coop, george lister coop, alison coop -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Photograph - Mrs Long's house, Delta Street area, Surrey Hills
... few photos which record the transformation of rural land ...The property is in the area that later became Delta Street, on the north side of Back Creek. Once roads were made and streets numbered, this became 1 Delta Road, Surrey Hills. Part of the undeveloped land would become part of South Surrey Park. According to Alan Holt's property register the house was built in c1920 and was demolished after having been neglected in 1991. He records it having had various names: 'Westward Ho', 'Pembroke' and 'The Oaks'. The first owner from 1920 was Eric Rowland Handyside Long who married Agnes May Hay Murray in March 1920. They had one son James Murray Long, born in September 1921. They divorced in 1937 and thereafter the property is listed in the name of Mrs Mary Hay Long, James M Long or Miss Mary Hay Long. According to Alan Holt, the house featured in the television series 'Carson's Law' in c1984.This is one of relatively few photos which record the transformation of rural land into the suburb that became Surrey Hills.A simple dark-stained timber house with a veranda and tiled roof. It is simply fenced with posts and wire mess. There are other houses in the background but part of the area remains as open space.delta road, back creek, south surrey park, wetward ho, pembroke, the oaks, hose names, miss agnes may hay murray, mrs agnes may hay long, mrs mary hay long, miss mary hay long, james murray long, carson's law -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Photograph - Aerial view Riversdale Heights Estate area, c1923
... of the last pieces of former rural land to be sub-divided for housing ...This was probably part of a real estate promotion for the sale of the Riversdale Heights Estate. This was subdivided by Messrs. Duncan and Weller. Of the allotments offered, 30 were sold and realised £4600. Date of this sale was c December 1923. This suggests that the date This are was one of the last pieces of former rural land to be sub-divided for housing in Surrey Hills.The land between it and South Surrey Park was sub-divided post WW1, hence the naming of the streets after sites of WW1 battles.A black and white reproduction of an aerial photo of the area near the corner of Warragul and Riversdale Roads looking west towards the city. Some features have been identified by name including the Riversdale Heights Estate, which was being sub-divided. North and South Courts are shown. Other roads (unmarked) in the foreground are Graham Street, Allie Street, Thistle Street, Lille Street, Amiens Street, and Marne Street. Beyond these is the area marked 'PARK' (South Surrey Park), which is devoid of vegetation. Areas of Camberwell and Canterbury are also shown. The area covered extends to beyond St Dominic's Church. The original is mounted on a cream deckle-edged paper.Beneath the original on the mount: "SOUTH SURREY HILLS LOOKING WEST c. 1936" [The reference to the sale in the Box Hill Reporter of December 1923 found on Trove suggests that this date is not accurate.] Rear top LH corner of original in Jocelyn Hall's handwriting: "For Centre / from Mr James Long"riversdale heights estate, riversdale road, allie street, south surrey park, lille street, thistle street, amiens street, marne street, south court, north court, duncan and weller, real estate sales, graham street, st dominics church, highfield park, canterbury primary school, aerial photo -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Photograph, Surrey Hills Post Office
The post office opened at this location in 1912. It was demolished in 2000. Post office history in the area: Until 1883 when the railway came through to Surrey Hills, this was essentially a rural community of scattered farms. Land subdivisions soon occurred along the railway line and limited postal services followed soon after, although a ‘permanent’ home for the post office was two decades away. George Sim Junior is acknowledged as our first postmaster; he opened a post office on 1 October 1884 in his father’s general store at 619-621 Canterbury Road, a few doors down from the Surrey Hills Hotel on the corner of Union Road. Over the next 20 years, the Surrey Hills Post Office moved several times into temporary, shared accommodation – in 1889 into Woodhead’s Corner Store at 364 Canterbury Road; then in 1895 to No 376, Hansen’s Exchange Building, part of Hansen’s Terrace (demolished) and in 1901 to 109 Union Road, on the corner of Windsor Crescent. Following Federation in 1901, the new Commonwealth Government established the Postmaster-General's Department to provide postal services to the nation. Many of the post offices constructed in the following years reflected a growing sense of Australian pride and nationalism. It was 1914 when building commenced on the ‘purpose-built’ post office at 609 Canterbury Road, Surrey Hills. Described as “a polychromatic Federation Freestyle building”, it served as the local post office for nearly 85 years until sold by the Commonwealth Government in c1999, after which the post office moved to the current, less prominent site at 100 Union Road. For nearly 10 years under private ownership, the building was successfully adapted for use as the base for two businesses, Gargoyles and Dragons and later the Surrey Sculpture Studio, and fortuitously the historic integrity of the building was maintained. However although renovated in the 1990's, structurally sound and of historic significance, it was not protected under local or commonwealth heritage legislation and was demolished soon after sale. This is an early image of a demolished building which should have been protected. In 1991, when the City of Camberwell conducted a heritage study, (which still informs the basis of the City of Boroondara’s heritage guidelines for this part of the municipality,) the post office was owned by the Commonwealth Government. As such, it could not be considered for heritage listing by the local authorities. Some years later, the Commonwealth and Australia Post rather belatedly recognized not only that post offices have heritage and social value, but also that the architecture of post offices as community buildings is important. A heritage management scheme was developed for the buildings they own or control under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999. Unfortunately, the Surrey Hills Post Office had been sold and demolished before this was finally enacted in 2004. Black and white image, perhaps from a post card, of Surrey Hills post office at 609 Canterbury Road. The building is flanked by a picket fence. There is a woman, a dog and a man in front of the entrance. The man is in uniform - possibly a postal employee.post offices, canterbury road, businesses, surrey hills post office, surrey sculture studio, gargoyles and dragons