Showing 2132 items
matching social history
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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Letter - letter from Kenneth Myer to Jim Mahoney on the occasion of his retirement
... social history...social history of Myer business operations... social history of Myer business operations social history letter ...social history of Myer business operationsletter from Kenneth Myer to Jim Mahoney on the occasion of his retirement, dated 10 February 1970. Letter handwritten on his Bourke Street, Melbourne letterhead.social history -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Financial record - Financial record of purchases and payments made by Mrs. W. Gray, 3 Skene Street, Bendigo, circa 1959
... social history...social history of Myer business operations... social history of Myer business operations social history ...social history of Myer business operationsFinancial record of purchases and payments made by Mrs. W. Gray, 3 Skene Street, Bendigo, circa 1959. 10772.34a financial transactions listing purchases and payments. 10772.34b invoices for purchases October 1959.social history -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Financial record - Financial record of purchases and payments made by Mrs. Hicks, Myrtle Street, Bendigo
... social history...social history of Myer business operations and records.... social history of Myer business operations and records. social ...social history of Myer business operations and records.Financial record of purchases and payments made by Mrs. Hicks, Myrtle Street, Bendigo. Purchasing goods ranging from clothes and food, dated 1944 - 54.social history -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Financial record - Financial record of purchases and payments made by Mrs C. Hicks, 60 Myrtle Street, Bendigo from Myer Emporium Melbourne dated 22 January ??
... social history...social history of Myer business operations and records.... social history of Myer business operations and records. social ...social history of Myer business operations and records.Financial record of purchases and payments made by Mrs C. Hicks, 60 Myrtle Street, Bendigo from Myer Emporium Melbourne dated 22 January ??social history -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Financial record - Financial record of purchase and payment made by Mr. A. Hall, c/- Morley Johnsons, Mitchell Street, Bendigo; of a carved table dated 1 May 1936
... social history...social history of Myer business operations and records.... social history of Myer business operations and records. social ...social history of Myer business operations and records.Financial record of purchase and payment made by Mr. A. Hall, c/- Morley Johnsons, Mitchell Street, Bendigo; of a carved table for three pounds fifteen shillings and seven pence (includes ten percent discount); dated 1 May 1936. Includes pink slip wit stamp duty attached. social history -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Ephemera - Myer Emporium advertising fan
... social history...Social history of Myer business operations and records.... Social history of Myer business operations and records. social ...Social history of Myer business operations and records.Myer Emporium advertising paper folding fan, made of paper and light card. Unfolded the fan reveals a floral design in white, yellow and orange. Undated production and distribution date.The Myer Emporium, Ltd.social history, adverising -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Archive - Books & Papers, Ken Hyslop, Campbells Bridge Back to 1991, 1991
... Social History... of Campbells bridge development and Social History 1861 - 1991. By Ken... of Campbells bridge development and Social History 1861 - 1991. By Ken ...Associated with Back to Campbells Bridge and writing of Campbells bridge development and Social History 1861 - 1991. By Ken HyslopRecords relating to Campbells Bridge back to 1991. Plus Back to sign in bookVisitors Booksocial history -
Unions Ballarat
Part of the furniture : moments in the history of the Federated Furniture Trades Society of Victoria, Lynn Beaton (dec), 2007
... social history...Lynn Beaton narrrates the social history of the Victorian... Beaton narrrates the social history of the Victorian Branch ...Lynn Beaton narrrates the social history of the Victorian Branch of the Federated Furnishing Trades Society from 1856 to 2001.Relevant to the history of the trade union movement in Victoria. The author, Lynn Beaton, was a PhD student at Federation University, Ballarat. Her thesis topic was the history of Trades Hall, Ballarat. Sadly, Lynn passed away before completing her thesis. Paper; hardcover. Front cover: hardcover with dustjacketp; brown and white cover; white and grey lettering.Front cover: author's name and title.btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, ballarat trades hall, furniture trade, trade unions, federated furnishing trades society, trade unions - history, social history -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Book, Hung out to dry: Gilbert Toyne's classic Australian clothes hoist, 2009
... and innovative research and analysis; part family history, part social... research research and analysis; part family history, part social..., part social history, part industrial history, part garden ...Archibald McKirdy purchased the Toyne's hoist business in 1925 and moved its production from Carnegie to Mont Albert where the family had lived since the 1880s. The factory was in Mont Albert Road near the railway line and the family lived at 2 Stanhope Street. 'Hung Out to Dry' is based on detailed and innovative research and analysis; part family history, part social history, part industrial history, part garden history. It is the story of the rotary clothes hoist.'Hung Out to Dry' is based on detailed and innovative research research and analysis; part family history, part social history, part industrial history, part garden history. It is the story of the rotary clothes hoist.(mr) gilbert toyne, inventors, (mr) archibald mckirdy, clothes lines, (mr) peter cuffley, cas middlemis -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Rural Press (Vic ) Pty Ltd, The Courier 10/06/1867 - 10/06/1997, 10/06/1997 12:00:00 AM
... Ballarat Social History..., & social history notes & photographs - black & white & colour... The Courier Ballarat Commerce Ballarat Social History ESCo nil 48 page ...48 page supplement to Ballarat Courier of 10/06/1997, celebrating 130 (130th) years of publication. many adverts, stories, & social history notes & photographs - black & white & colour printing. Trams - see p30 (horse tram photos) p32 (ESCo era), p33 - (late 1960's, early 70's0 all with trams. Includes reproduction of first issue. Images added 3-12-2016niltrams, tramways, ballarat, the courier, ballarat commerce, ballarat social history, esco -
Unions Ballarat
Life after gold : twentieth-century Ballarat, Bate, Weston, 1993
... social history...A social history of Ballarat after the decline in gold..., "Lucky City". social history economy ballarat btlc ballarat ...A social history of Ballarat after the decline in gold mining. Includes analysis of population, decline in the local economy and restoring financial fortunes through tourism. Discusses effects upon Ballarat as a result of WWI and WWII.Significant to the history of the Ballarat and the effects of gold mining, tourism and war upon the fortunes of the region. It is a companion to Weston's earlier book, "Lucky City".Book, paper. Cover: yellow background, colour drawing of Sturt Street, Ballarat.Front cover: title and author.social history, economy, ballarat, btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, gold mining, population, tourism, world war i, world war ii, resources, sovereign hill, ballarat historical park, bate, weston -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Book, Life on the bend, Jul 2017
... "Life on the bend" social history of Fishermans Bend... on the bend" social history of Fishermans Bend Melbourne "Life ..."Life on the bend" Oblong book. Front cover photographs on blue background. Back cover blue with context logo.. Book explores 8 themes including industry, early settlement, identity ."Life on the bend" social history of Fishermans Bend Melbournebuilt environment - industrial, natural environment, fishermans bend -
Unions Ballarat
Australia: A social and political history, Greenwood, Prof Gordon, 1955
... Australia: A social and political history... volume history of Australia: 1. The foundation years; 2 ...Single volume history of Australia: 1. The foundation years; 2. The pastoral ascendancy; 3. Colonial liberalism; 4. Nationalism, the labour movement and the Commonwealth; 5. National development and social experimentation; 6. Australia at war; 7. Development in the twenties; 8. Depression and war.Significant to Australia's national history. The book was written in 1955, so does not cover the entire twentieth century.Blue hardcover with dustjacket; book; 445 pages. Dustjacket: background is fawn and blue; illustrations in fawn and blue; white lettering. Front cover: title and editor's name. Back cover: title, authors' and editor's names. Inscribed in blue biro with the name Graham F Hall 1969.btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, history - australia, war -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Weston Bate, "Life after Gold - Twenthieth-Century Ballarat", 1993
... 20th Century Social history...Book looks at the Social and industrial history of Ballarat...". Yields information about the 20th century social history ...Details the history of Ballarat following the 19th century gold discoveries and how Ballarat changed its industry and social life in particular after the 1st and 2nd world wars and the change of Government policies in respect of trade and social welfare.Book - 240 pages + end papers + hard covers + dust jacket titled "Life after Gold - Twenthieth-Century Ballarat" Dust jacket printed in colour, sewn sections, end papers glued to cover. Has table contents, list of illustrations, list of maps, acknowledgements, table of conversions, an index, appendices, abbreviations, notes, bibliography. non-fictionDetails the history of Ballarat following the 19th century gold discoveries and how Ballarat changed its industry and social life in particular after the 1st and 2nd world wars and the change of Government policies in respect of trade and social welfare.ballarat, local history, 20th century social history, social history -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, The social and economic history of the Roman empire. Vols I - II
... The social and economic history of the Roman empire. Vols I... with gold lettering on spine The social and economic history ...Presented to the school library by former staff member Dr Tony Disney. Example of ongoing community support of the schoolMedium size mid-green cloth bound books with gold lettering on spineBook plate inside front cover: Crest / Ballarat College / Library / Presented by / A R Disney / August 1966...a-r-disney, ballarat-college, library -
Women's Art Register
Book, Juliet Peers, More Than Just Gumtrees. A Personal, Social and Artistic History of the Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors, 1993
... More Than Just Gumtrees. A Personal, Social and Artistic.... A Personal, Social and Artistic History of the Melbourne Society ...History of the Society, founded in 1902, told through the stories of three generations of artists. Includes original research, unpublished primary sources and photographs and over 300 biographies of members.Booknon-fictionHistory of the Society, founded in 1902, told through the stories of three generations of artists. Includes original research, unpublished primary sources and photographs and over 300 biographies of members. china painting, portraiture, self-portraiture, flower painting, sculpture, print making, art and craft -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Book, More than just gumtrees: a personal, social and artistic history of the Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors, 1993
... More than just gumtrees: a personal, social and artistic..., social and artistic history of the Melbourne Society of Women ...Joan Richard was a speaker at the Surrey Hills Historical Society meeting in November 2013. A watercolourist, she has been a long standing member of MSWPS, Past and Recent President in 2017 and a Life Member. The Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors was founded in 1902 by women who had been students at the Art School of the National Gallery of Victoria, to provide a forum for artistic discussion and an opportunity to view and comment on each other's work. Originally named the Students' Art Club, it became "Woomballana" (meaning either 'everlasting beauty' or 'search for beauty') Art Club, The Women's Art Club, the Melbourne Society of Women Painters and finally, in 1954, the present title was adopted. The history of the MSWPS and its members’ achievements, issues of the workplace, family and art commitments, the economic survival of artists, migrant artists and prejudice against women are also explored. Much of the information in “More Than Just Gumtrees” has not been available in previous publications; it includes hitherto unpublished sources - oral history interviews, minute books, reviews, letters, early photographs. There are includes biographies of over 300 artists, with individual exhibition lists, representation in public collections etc REF: MSWPS website. Artist Mabel Pye, who lived in Surrey Hills, is one of the featured artists.A history of the Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors and of the women who have belonged since 1902. Some of these women have become well-known to the art world, other have slipped by un-noticed. Incl. index, bibliography.To the Surrey Hills/Historical Society/Presented by/Joan Richard/19th November/2013melbourne society of women painters and sculptors, women painters, women sculptors, mabel pye, joan richard -
The Celtic Club
Book, Terence Brown, Ireland: A Social and Cultural History 1922-1985, 1985
... Ireland: A Social and Cultural History 1922-1985...: A Social and Cultural History 1922-1985 Book Terence Brown Fontana ...Terence Brown traces the development of modern Ireland through a juxtaposition of key topics - nationalism, industrialisation, religion, language revival and censorship with an assessment of the major literary and artistic advances achieved during the same era.Index, p.355.non-fictionTerence Brown traces the development of modern Ireland through a juxtaposition of key topics - nationalism, industrialisation, religion, language revival and censorship with an assessment of the major literary and artistic advances achieved during the same era.ireland - social life and customs, ireland - politics and government -
Hymettus Cottage & Garden Ballarat
Photograph, Nathalia Avenue of Honour, 2006
... , Social History, Landscape, Kurrajongs,... World War Avenues of Honour: Social History through... World War Avenues of Honour: Social History through ...Photograph of the Nathalia WWI Avenue of Honour taken in 2006 by avenue researcher Michael Taffe. The Nathalia avenue consists of Australian native trees known as Kurrajongs. This photograph forms part of a large collection of images of Avenues of Honour at Hymettus, Ballarat from Michael Taffe's twenty-five years of research into the avenues leading to his PhD ' First World War Avenues of Honour: Social History through the Landscape.'. nathalia, avenue of honour, ballarat, phd, michael taffe, social history, landscape, kurrajongs, -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Fashion makes history, 26/05/1999 12:00:00 AM
... Social history charted through changes in women's clothes.... Mitcham melbourne Clothing and dress Dixon Ann Social history ...Social history charted through changes in women's clothes.Social history charted through changes in women's clothes.Social history charted through changes in women's clothes.clothing and dress, dixon, ann -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Book, Lost Relations, 2015
... 19th century Australian social history..., making it a valuable social history of Australia in the 19th... it is an important social history of Australia detailing the lives ...This book details the lives of the ancestors of the author, Graeme Davison. It begins with the story of Jane Hewett who migrated with her eight children to Australia from England in 1850. The book not only tells the story of the Hewett families but also gives a wider picture of Australian conditions at the time, making it a valuable social history of Australia in the 19th century and beyond. Graeme Davison, Emeritus Professor of History at Monash University in Melbourne, has also written five other books dealing with aspects of Australian history. This book is of high interest because it is an important social history of Australia detailing the lives of the Hewett families. It is also of significance to those in the Warrnambool region as a member of the Hewett family, John Hewett, settled in Warrnambool with his wife and family and was a local butcher there for some years. This is a soft cover book of 274 pages detailing the family history of the author Graeme Davison. The cover is cream-coloured and has sepia-coloured photographs of the author’s ancestors on the front and back. The printing on the front and back covers is in gold and black. The book contains a Contents page, Introduction, ten chapters on the author’s family history, Acknowledgements, Picture Acknowledgements, Notes and Index. There are many black and white photographs, sketches and maps. Front Cover: ‘Graeme Davison’ ‘Lost Relations’ ‘Fortunes of my family in Australia’s Golden Age’ Inside title page: Signature of author ‘Graeme Davison’ graeme davison, 19th century australian social history, hewett families, warrnambool, history -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Book, Fletcher Meredith, Squires Debra, Barraclough Linda, Gippsland Heritage Journal Vol 1 No. 1, 1986
... and social history of Gippsland Victoria... of Bass Straight and Gippsland coast and social history ...Early discovery of Bass Straight and Gippsland coast and social history of Gippsland Victoriaexplorers, township, bibliography -
Ballarat RSL Sub-Branch Inc.
Book - Memorials from Lucas girls to now
... ; a social history of war memorialisation in West Ballarat"... began and the fathers finished; a social history of war ..."Where the factory girls began and the fathers finished; a social history of war memorialisation in West Ballarat"literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Book, Hancock, Keith, Australian Society, 1989
... A survey of the social history of Australia, prepared... Entrance gippsland Economic History A survey of the social history ...A survey of the social history of Australia, prepared to celebrate the Australian Bicentennial 1988. Includes Bibliography and Index.economic history -
Glen Eira Historical Society
Article - MONASH, JOHN, SIR
... Social history... an exhibition at the Jewish Museum of Australia about the social history... an exhibition at the Jewish Museum of Australia about the social history ...This file contains three items concerning Sir John Monash. 1/A two-page letter distributed at a rare book week event on the 22/07/2014 to the Glen Eira Historical Society from Michael Headberry. The letter requests support for the John Monash Sculptural Commission by the Monash Pioneers, who are seeking to erect a bronze full figure portrait of Sir John Monash, Monash University’s namesake. Monash is connected to the city of Glen Eira, as Monash University has a campus in Caulfield and there are a number of streets named after him. The letter discusses the life of Monash and his many achievements. Details in another two pages are also given of the statue to be erected and there are two photos of a wax model of the proposed statue; plus a donation form. 2/An article by Dana McCauley dated 17/05/2015 entitled ‘Push to rename Ports’ about Caulfield lawyer and Liberal Kate Ashmor. The article discusses how she wants the electorate of Melbourne Ports to be named after Sir John Monash due to him being one of the most prominent Victorian Jews. There is a photo of Ashmor in fron of a statue of Monash. Newspaper not known. 3/An article from the Leader on the 30/06/2015 entitled ‘Exhibit’s unique view on Jews in WW1’. The author is unknown. The article discusses an exhibition at the Jewish Museum of Australia about the social history behind the Jewish support of the war effort. One item included in the exhibition is Isaac Cohen’s painting of Lieutenant General Sir John Monash and there is a photograph, by Andrew Henshaw, of this work above the article.monash university, monash john sir, caulfield, sir john monash, sculptural commission, clubs and associations, monash pioneers, correspondence, fundraising, universities, statues, armed forces, engineers, languages, art, pianos, diaries and journals, jewish community, world war 1914-1918, businesspeople, corlett peter, artists, sculptors, headberry michael, monash pioneers, project board, portraits, models, bridges, returned sailors and soldiers imperial league, ex-service organisations, st. kilda, leader, jewish museum of australia, rechter deborah, cohen isaac, ‘lieutenant general sir john monash’, portraits, national gallery of victoria, henshaw andrew, ‘true jews and patriots: australian jews and world war one’, shows and exhibitions, social history, ‘exhibit’s unique view of jews in wwi’, caulfield, ‘push to rename ports’, mccauley dana, political candidates, australian liberal party, ashmor kate, electoral boundaries, local government -
Port Fairy Historical Society Museum and Archives
Book, Oxford University Press, Pounds and pedigrees : The Upper Class in Victoria, 1850-80, 1991
... elite (social sciences) -- australia -- victoria -- history.... -- victoria -- history. elite (social sciences) manners and customs ...Sweeping history of public and private life in Melbourne's Establishment during the mid-to late 19th century. Contains extensive biographical entries, a bibliography, an index, and appendices which include lists of landowners in 1879 and club members.xv, 619 pages ; 23 cm.1 v 225x160: indexnon-fictionSweeping history of public and private life in Melbourne's Establishment during the mid-to late 19th century. Contains extensive biographical entries, a bibliography, an index, and appendices which include lists of landowners in 1879 and club members.elite (social sciences) -- australia -- victoria -- history., upper class -- australia -- victoria -- history., elite (social sciences), manners and customs., upper class., victoria -- social life and customs., victoria., upper classes history, victoria, elite (social sciences) -- virginia -- history., upper classes -- victoria -- history., social classes -- victoria -- history -- 19th century., upper class -- victoria -- history -- 19th century., upper classes -- victoria -- history -- 19th century., elite (social sciences) -- victoria -- history -- 19th century., upper class -- victoria., elite (social sciences) -- victoria., upper class -- victoria -- history., elite (social sciences) -- victoria -- history., upper classes -- history., pioneers and pioneer life -- victoria., victoria -- social conditions -- 1834-1900., victoria -- social conditions -- history., victoria -- history -- 1851-1900., victoria -- social life and customs -- 1834-1900., social class, elites, social customs, history, book -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - THE MERRY COUNTRY DANCE, 2006
... The Merry Country Dance, a description and social history... and social history of colonial and old time dance and music ...The Merry Country Dance, a description and social history of colonial and old time dance and music, published by the Bush dance and music club of Bendigo and district with black & white photographs and illustrations.Peter Ellisperforming arts, elocution, bush dancing, dance, music, musical instruments. -
Unions Ballarat
From growth via despair to optimism, 2002
... social history... to Ballarat history: Ballarat and Federation, the evangel and social ...The book is a series of essays about the history of religion within societies - particularly Baptism - in Victoria.Includes an essay that relates to Ballarat history: Ballarat and Federation, the evangel and social concerns.Paperback; green and black background cover; yellow and brown lettering; colour picture of Reverend Joseph Hunter Goble; black and white photos; 152 pages.Front cover: title and description. Spine: title and publishing organisation's name. Back: review.btlc, ballarat trades and labour council;, ballarat trades hall, religion, victorian baptist historical society, social history, social customs -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Audio - Oral History, Jennifer Williams, Mrs Val Mason, 5 January 2001
... social history... capacity for social history themes and may be compared with other ...Mrs. Valerie (Val) Mason (1927-2019) was a local sheep farmer, business-woman, Beechworth shire councillor, and mother to five children. With her husband, Charles, Mrs. Mason developed and managed the Big Valley farm estate, at Everton, which is now part of a vineyard and farm stay. Mrs. Mason was instrumental in introducing a 'paddock to plate' philosophy and business model, opening a butcher shop on the farm in 1973. Concerned with improving infrastructure and developing economic opportunities in the region, Mrs. Mason successfully stood as a local council representative for South Riding in the United Shire of Beechworth, and later become the first woman Shire President in 1979. Mrs Mason was a member of the local Business and Professional Women's Club for 37 years. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Mrs. Mason's story is historically significant for understanding economic and social changes in the Beechworth region during the latter half of the twentieth century. As a council representative, issues such as road and infrastructure modernisation and the transition from traditional government employment sectors, like Beechworth's care institutions, were challenges for local government. As a farmer and local employer, Mrs. Mason's story is testimony to the region's economic diversification as businesses like Big Valley farm shop helped shape the region's contemporary character. Mrs. Mason was among the first women to broach the traditionally all-male Beechworth Council Chambers and her story is socially significant for understanding the changing role of women in rural and regional Australia. This oral history recording offers interpretive capacity for social history themes and may be compared with other oral histories in the Burke Museum's collection. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mrs Val Mason /listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, working women, trail blazers, farm to plate, farm shop, paddock to plate, woman farmer, united shire of beechworth, rural and regional women, beechworth's first woman shire president, women in leadership positions, women leaders, australian settlement history, settler societies, victorian gold rush, heritage tourism, culinary tourism, regional land use, indigo winery, farm stay, social history -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Audio - Oral History, Jennifer Williams, Mrs Vanessa McDonald, 9 November 2000
... social history... and regional women social history Collins Mrs. Vanessa McDonald ...Mrs. Vanessa McDonald was born in Beechworth in 1917. Christened, Agnes Bertha Collins, Vanessa changed her name in 1960. Mrs. McDonald's family's connection with gold mining in the district reach back to the first of Beechworth's gold rushes, when her great grandfather, a Dutchman who adopted the name Charles Collins, arrived in 1851-1852. Mrs. McDonald spent her childhood in the isolated hamlet of Stanley, in the area known as 'Little Scotland', where she recalls helping her mother to raise younger siblings, picking apples and walnuts on the family farm, and roaming the hills for wildflowers. As a young woman Mrs. McDonald attended religious and social gatherings in the local community. In 1940 she went to Melbourne to work as a mothercraft nurse during the Second World War. She met her husband at a Beechworth football match and was married at the Stanley Methodist Church in 1941. The gold diggings known as the 'Nine Mile' became the hamlet of Stanley, after the British Prime Minister, Lord Stanley, in 1858. By the late 1850s, Stanley boasted schools, an athenaeum, a church, a weekly newspaper and several hotels and other civic infrastructure to cater for a growing population. The area attracted large numbers of Chinese miners, whose presence was frequently resisted. Like other early Victorian mining settlements, Stanley was a hotbed of political and racial tensions during the gold rush. One side of the Nine Mile Creek was known as 'Little Scotland’, the other, 'Little Ireland'. A number of Christian denominations built congregations and churches in Stanley, including the Church of England, Methodist Church, the Catholic Church, and Presbyterian Church. Stanley became part of the United Shire of Beechworth in 1871. By 1880 timber was being cut and two sawmills were established by 1887. River-dredged gold mining consumed vast amounts of timber from the forests in the area, and in 1931 the first of several softwood plantations began. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth'. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Following the decline in the mining and associated industries during the early-mid-twentieth century, the Beechworth district experienced a period of general economic decline. On the east side of the Dingle Range, Mrs. McDonald's father, William Henry Collins, felled timber and the family were pioneer apple orchardists. The establishment of apple orchards in Stanley reflects changes to how land was used and contributes to our understanding of the historical development of rural communities following the gold rush. Mrs. McDonald's recollections are significant for understanding family and social life in a small rural town in years leading up to the Great Depression and prior to the Second World War. This oral history recording may be compared with other oral histories and items in the Burke Museum's collection. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mrs Vanessa McDonald /listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, emigration, gold rush immigration, victorian gold rush, mining families, apple orchard, forestry, forest plantation, little scotland, stanley, twentieth century history, regional australia, rural australia, farming, harvest festival, great depression, dingle range, the nine mile, australian wildflowers, high country wildflowers, mothercraft nurse, rural and regional women, social history, collins, mrs. vanessa mcdonald, building community life, shaping cultural and creative life, fruit growers, family history, changes to land use in regional victoria