Date is approximate. Donor, Margaret Thornton was a daughter of William and May Palstra; one of her daughters, Julia Thornton still lives in the house in 2024. Donation form signed by Julia Thornton. The house remains in 2009 with extensions to the rear and side.Black and white photo of Margaret, Jocelyn and William Palstra wading in the shallows at an unidentified beach; bathing boxes in the background. sports and recreations, swimming, clothing and dress, bathing costumes, william palstra, margaret palstra, jocelyn palstra, margaret thornton

The photograph shows a group of young girls in swimming costumes and two young men in blazers on a Torquay beach with bathing boxes in the background.A memory of early beach culture at TorquayBlack and white photographtorquay victoria

Bathing Boxes - South Beach. One of several versions as they were washed away during big stormsBlack and white photograph of Boarding School Bay looking south east showing bathing boxes on the right and in the background what maybe the boarding school on the far hillJ.L.Fox Hairdresser and Tobacconist Port fairy Hattams retunour?beach, boarding school bay, south beach, pea soup, bathing boxes, reefs, rocks, ocean, sea, boarding school

Associated with the Stalker family of Surrey Hills. Betty Neil Smith (Stalker) was born in 1919 in Balwyn (Surrey Hills). She was one of 4 daughters of Alexander MacLaren Stalker (1885-1970/1973) and Charlotte Eleanor Hayward (1884-1953) who were married in 1911. Her sisters were Ruth McLaren Stalker (1913, Surrey Hills), Joan Winnock Stalker (1917, Surrey Hills) and Beatrice Mary Stalker(1919). Their mother Charlotte Hayward was a teacher prior to her marriage. Their father Alexander, an accountant, lived in Wattle Valley Road, Canterbury in 1910. From 1912-1931 they are listed at ‘Benwerrin’, (44) Wandsworth Road, Surrey Hills. This was later the home of Beatrice Mary and Howard Everard. Betty, Ruth and Joan later lived at 9/48 Wandsworth Road. it is assumed that the photo is of the Stalker girls and given their parents' later residence at Brighton, this may have been taken at Brighton beach. This photo documents part of the social history of a family with a long and strong association with Surrey Hills. The backdrop of the typical bathing boxes used for changing into swimsuits, for lunch and for storing sports and beach gear, documents beach recreation and culture of the 1930s. For many years in the late nineteenth century, Brighton was Melbourne's favourite seaside destination. The now iconic bathing boxes were a response to Victorian ideas of morality and sea bathing. There are 82 Brighton bathing boxes, which protected by a heritage overlay because of their uniform scale and proportion, building materials, sentry order alignment. All retain their classic Victorian architectural features with timber framing, weatherboards and corrugated iron roofs. They remain as they did over one hundred years ago, as licensed bathing boxes. Service amenities such as electricity or water were never connected.A black and white photograph of many people enjoying the beach. There are bathing boxes in the background and some ti-tree beyond that.uniforms, clothing and dress, bathing boxes, stalker family

Black and white Photograph of the South beach, showing the bathing boxes in the right middleground on the reef of rock with two people on the left 10/04/1929Bathing Beach Port Fairybathing beach, south, beach, sea, pea soup, ocean, rock, reef

Black and white photograph. Port Phillip Bay beach, excursion. Rocky promontory with beach further on - bathing boxes seen in B91.427, houses and jetty on next point.port phillip bay beach, excursion, rocks

Postcards began to be produced in Victoria from 1876. Between 1900 and 1920, picture postcards in Australia became an incredibly popular phenomenon. People could cheaply and easily send messages, without the formality of a letter, and they provided a cheap form of souvenir. Eventually, every event of significance was commemorated in some way with a postcard, and this led to the development of a ‘picture on one side and a message/stamp on the other’ postcard we are familiar with today. They were also a popular form of advertising. This postcard appears to be one in a set of postcards promoting the Black Rock area.Colour postcard from a hand tinted photographic image depicting the foreshore at Half Moon Bay, Black Rock. There are people in the foreground wading in the sea, a man sitting in a small boat near the shore, several other boats around, people deeper in the water in the background, and a range of beach shacks/bathing boxes in the far background.beach, holiday, leisure, boating, bathing boxes, recreation, foreshore, seaside

Framed watercolour titled: "After the Rain" by Julie Lundgren Coulter. Set in cream window mount with engraved brass plaque affixed to lower edge. Brown painted wood frame. Features five bathing boxes on beach with grey clouds in sky and water pools in sand.

sandringham, aerial, coast, bathing box, w.h. hansom, victoria, suburbs, photograph, airspy, beach street, bay road, abbott street, sandringham hotel

Set of 25 digital timetables generally applicable from 20-05-2018 following the introduction of more frequent services on many routes. Image files are htd2860iRx - x being the route number. Route 1 - East Coburg - South Melbourne Beach Route 3 and 3A - Melbourne University - East Malvern - and via St Kilda Beach Route 5 - Melbourne University - Malvern Route 6 - Melbourne University - Glen Iris Route 8 - Moreland - Toorak Route 11 - West Preston - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 12 - Victoria Gardens - St Kilda Route 16 - Melbourne University - Kew Via St Kilda Route 19 - North Coburg - Flinders St Route 30 - St Vincent's Plaza - Etihad Stadium Docklands Route 35 - City Circle Route 48 - North Balwyn - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 55 - West Coburg - Domain Interchange Route 57 - West Maribyrnong - Flinders St Route 59 - Airport West - Flinders St Route 64 - East Brighton - Melbourne University Route 67 - Carnegie - Melbourne University Route 70 - Wattle Park - Waterfront City Docklands Route 72 - Camberwell - Melbourne University Route 75 - Vermont South - Etihad Stadium Docklands Route 78 - North Richmond - Balaclava via Prahran Route 82 - Footscray - Moonee Ponds Route 86 - Bundoora RMIT - Waterfront City Docklands Route 96 - East Brunswick - St Kilda Beach Route 109 - Box Hill - Port Melbournetrams, tramways, timetables, yarra trams, route 1, route 3, route 5, route 6, route 8, route 11, route 12, route 16, route 19, route 30, route 35, route 48, route 55, route 57, route 59, route 64, route 67, route 70, route 72, route 75, route 78, route 82, route 86, route 96, route 109

Set of 24 digital timetables generally applicable from 1-1-2019. Image files are htd3520iRx - x being the route number. Route 1 - East Coburg - South Melbourne Beach Route 3 and 3A - Melbourne University - East Malvern - and via St Kilda Beach - two timetables for each Route 5 - Melbourne University - Malvern Route 6 - Melbourne University - Glen Iris Route 11 - West Preston - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 12 - Victoria Gardens - St Kilda Route 16 - Melbourne University - Kew Via St Kilda Route 19 - North Coburg - Flinders St Route 30 - St Vincent's Plaza - Etihad Stadium Docklands - though the stadium was renamed Marvel after Marvel comics by Disney during May 2018. Old name retained, but appears to becoming just Docklands Stadium on Yarra trams website when this item added. Route 35 - City Circle - NOT Published. Route 48 - North Balwyn - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 55 - West Coburg - Domain Interchange Route 57 - West Maribyrnong - Flinders St Route 58 - Toorak to Route 59 - Airport West - Flinders St Route 64 - East Brighton - Melbourne University Route 67 - Carnegie - Melbourne University Route 70 - Wattle Park - Waterfront City Docklands Route 72 - Camberwell - Melbourne University Route 75 - Vermont South - Etihad Stadium Docklands Route 78 - North Richmond - Balaclava via Prahran Route 82 - Footscray - Moonee Ponds Route 86 - Bundoora RMIT - Waterfront City Docklands Route 96 - East Brunswick - St Kilda Beach Route 109 - Box Hill - Port Melbournetrams, tramways, timetables, yarra trams, route 1, route 3, route 5, route 6, route 8, route 11, route 12, route 16, route 19, route 30, route 48, route 55, route 57, route 58, route 59, route 64, route 67, route 70, route 72, route 75, route 78, route 82, route 86, route 96, route 109

Set of 25 digital timetables generally applicable 2016 to 13/4/2017. Similar timetables ran during 13/4/2017 and 1/5/2017 over the Easter Holiday period up to when Route 58 (from route 8 and route 55) introduced and route 6 modified - see Reg item 2212 for details. List major stops only. All downloaded from the PTV website 9-4-17 as pdf files. Image files are htd2211iRx - x being the route number. Route 1 - East Coburg - South Melbourne Beach Route 3 and 3A - Melbourne University - East Malvern - and via St Kilda Beach Route 5 - Melbourne University - Malvern Route 6 - Melbourne University - Glen Iris Route 8 - Moreland - Toorak Route 11 - West Preston - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 12 - Victoria Gardens - St Kilda Route 16 - Melbourne University - Kew Via St Kilda Route 19 - North Coburg - Flinders St Route 30 - St Vincent's Plaza - Etihad Stadium Docklands Route 35 - City Circle Route 48 - North Balwyn - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 55 - West Coburg - Domain Interchange Route 57 - West Maribyrnong - Flinders St Route 59 - Airport West - Flinders St Route 64 - East Brighton - Melbourne University Route 67 - Carnegie - Melbourne University Route 70 - Wattle Park - Waterfront City Docklands Route 72 - Camberwell - Melbourne University Route 75 - Vermont South - Etihad Stadium Docklands Route 78 - North Richmond - Balaclava via Prahran Route 82 - Footscray - Moonee Ponds Route 86 - Bundoora RMIT - Waterfront City Docklands Route 96 - East Brunswick - St Kilda Beach Route 109 - Box Hill - Port Melbournetrams, tramways, timetables, yarra trams, route 1, route 3, route 5, route 6, route 8, route 11, route 12, route 16, route 19, route 30, route 35, route 48, route 55, route 57, route 59, route 64, route 67, route 70, route 72, route 75, route 78, route 82, route 86, route 96, route 109

Set of 24 digital timetables generally applicable 1/4/2017 to end 2017 Introduced when Route 58 (from route 8 and route 55) amalgamated and route 6 modified - see Reg item 2212 for details. All downloaded from the PTV website 9-4-17 as pdf files, except for routes 6 and 58 which had not been published as of that date. Timetables list major stops. Routes 6 and 58 files added 6-6-2017. Image files are htd2213iRx - x being the route number. Route 1 - East Coburg - South Melbourne Beach Route 3 and 3A - Melbourne University - East Malvern - and via St Kilda Beach Route 5 - Melbourne University - Malvern Route 6 - Moreland - Glen Iris Route 11 - West Preston - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 12 - Victoria Gardens - St Kilda Route 16 - Melbourne University - Kew Via St Kilda Route 19 - North Coburg - Flinders St Route 30 - St Vincent's Plaza - Etihad Stadium Docklands Route 35 - City Circle Route 48 - North Balwyn - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 57 - West Maribyrnong - Flinders St Route 58 - Toorak - West Coburg via William St. Route 59 - Airport West - Flinders St Route 64 - East Brighton - Melbourne University Route 67 - Carnegie - Melbourne University Route 70 - Wattle Park - Waterfront City Docklands Route 72 - Camberwell - Melbourne University Route 75 - Vermont South - Etihad Stadium Docklands Route 78 - North Richmond - Balaclava via Prahran Route 82 - Footscray - Moonee Ponds Route 86 - Bundoora RMIT - Waterfront City Docklands Route 96 - East Brunswick - St Kilda Beach Route 109 - Box Hill - Port Melbournetrams, tramways, timetables, yarra trams, route 1, route 3, route 5, route 6, route 11, route 12, route 16, route 19, route 30, route 35, route 48, route 57, route 58, route 59, route 64, route 67, route 70, route 72, route 75, route 78, route 82, route 86, route 96, route 109

Set of 17 Tram Route Maps, published during 2013 and 2014. Each comprises a vertical DL folded sheet, full colour for the nominated routes, with Yarra Trams and PTV logos, listing the stops, interchanges with bus and other tram services, ticketing zones, estimated frequencies with adverts for Night tram services, TramTracker and Myki tickets. .1 - Route 3 - East Malvern - Melbourne Uni and 3A via St Kilda (Sat and Sun) .2 - Route 6 - Melbourne University to Glen Iris .3 - Route 12 - St Kilda - Victoria Gardens .4 - Route 16 - Kew via St Kilda .5 -Route 30 - St Vincent's Plaza - Etihad Stadium .6 - Route 55 - West Coburg - Domain Interchange .7 - Route 59 - Airport West - City (Elizabeth St) .8 - Route 64 - Melbourne University - East Brighton .9 - Route 70 - Wattle Park to Waterfront City Docklands .10 - Route 75 - Docklands - Vermont South .11 - Route 78 - North Richmond - Balaclava .12 - Route 82 - Moonee Ponds - Footscray .13 - Route 86 - Bundoora - Waterfront City .14 - Route 96 - East Brunswick - St Kilda Beach .15 - Route 109 - Box Hill - Port Melbourne .16 - Route 112 and 11 - West Preston - St Kilda and West Preston - Victoria Harbour Docklands .17 - Route 24 - North Balwyn to Etihad Stadium See Reg Item 2396 for 2012, 2278 for 2016 and 2939 for 2015 versionstrams, tramways, timetables, maps, route 3, route 6, route 11, route 12, route 16, route 24, route 30, route 55, route 59, route 64, route 70, route 75, route 78, route 82, route 86, route 96, route 109, route 112, east malvern, glen iris, victoria gardens, kew, st vincent's plaza, west coburg, airport west, east brighton, wattle park, vermont south, north richmond, moonee ponds, footscray, st kilda, docklands, west preston, victoria harbour, north balwyn, etihad stadium

Timetable Notice giving details of temporary changes to service as part of the COVID 19 response where route 12 diverted by La Trobe St, and thus provided a service along Spencer St. Route 30 was suspended. Route 11A was introduced between Docklands and St Vincent's Plaza. htd4777i1.pdf shows a timetable alteration, reduction of services after 8pm, introduction of the 8pm to 5am curfew and stage four restrictions that were to apply (hopefully) for a six week period. Set of 23 digital timetables generally applicable from 10-11-2019 and two timetables for route 11 and12 applicable from 13 July. This change was a bit confusing at the time. Image files are htd4777iRx - x being the route number. Route 1 - East Coburg - South Melbourne Beach Route 3 and 3A - Melbourne University - East Malvern - and via St Kilda Beach - two timetables for each Route 5 - Melbourne University - Malvern Route 6 - Melbourne University - Glen Iris Route 11 - West Preston - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 12 - Victoria Gardens - St Kilda Route 16 - Melbourne University - Kew Via St Kilda Route 19 - North Coburg - Flinders St Route 30 - St Vincent's Plaza - Etihad Stadium Docklands - though the stadium was renamed Marvel after Marvel comics by Disney during May 2018. Route 35 - City Circle - NOT Published. Route 48 - North Balwyn - Victoria Harbour Docklands Route 55 - West Coburg - Domain Interchange Route 57 - West Maribyrnong - Flinders St Route 58 - Toorak to Route 59 - Airport West - Flinders St Route 64 - East Brighton - Melbourne University Route 67 - Carnegie - Melbourne University Route 70 - Wattle Park - Waterfront City Docklands Route 72 - Camberwell - Melbourne University Route 75 - Vermont South - Etihad Stadium Docklands Route 78 - North Richmond - Balaclava via Prahran Route 82 - Footscray - Moonee Ponds Route 86 - Bundoora RMIT - Waterfront City Docklands Route 96 - East Brunswick - St Kilda Beach Route 109 - Box Hill - Port Melbournetrams, tramways, timetables, yarra trams, route 1, route 3, route 5, route 6, route 8, route 11, route 11a, route 12, route 16, route 19, route 30, route 48, route 55, route 57, route 58, route 59, route 64, route 67, route 70, route 72, route 75, route 78, route 82, route 86, route 96, route 109, covid-19, st vincent's plaza, spencer st

The breeches buoy and traveller block are part of the beach rescue apparatus used by lifesaving crew overseas and in Australia in the 1860s to 1960s. The breeches buoy (or chair bucket or petticoat breeches) were invented by Lieutenant Kisbee by the 1850s. It looks like a pair of canvas shorts with a cork lifebuoy ring attached around the top. The set-up works similar way to a zip wire and allows for two-way travel. Saving lives in Warrnambool – The coastline of South West Victoria has had over 600 shipwrecks and many lost lives; even in Warrnambool’s Lady Bay there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905, with eight lives lost. In 1859 the first Government-built lifeboat arrived at Warrnambool Harbour and a shed was soon built to house it, followed in 1864 by a rocket house to safely store the Rocket Rescue equipment. In 1878 the buildings were moved to the Breakwater area, and in 1910 the new Lifeboat Warrnambool arrived with its ‘self-righting’ design. For almost one hundred years the lifeboat and rocket crews, mostly local volunteers, trained regularly to maintain and improve their skills, summoned when needed by alarms, gunshots, ringing bells and foghorns. Some became local heroes but all served an important role. By the end of the 1950s the lifeboat and rescue equipment had become obsolete. Rocket Rescue Method - The first use of a lifesaving rocket rescue system is often credited to Captain Manby and his invention of a life mortar, first used in 1808 to fire a line onto a ship to rescue lives. Henry Trengrouse’s invention of 1820 was the first to use a sky rocket’s power to throw a line, and his invention included a chair for carrying the shipwrecked victims to shore. In 1832 John Dennett invented a rocket specifically for shore to ship rescue. It had an iron case and an 8 foot pole attached and could shoot the line as far as 250 yards (about 230 metres). From the 1860s the rocket rescue apparatus was in use. It comprised a breeches buoy and traveller block that was suspended on a line and manually pulled to and from the distressed vessel carrying passengers and items. Colonel Boxer, who had invented an early line-thrower, designed a rocket in 1865 with a range from 300 to 470 yards. It was the first two-stage rocket, with two rockets placed one in front of the other in a tube that carried the rescue line. The hemp line was faked, or coiled, in a particular way in a faking box to prevent twists and tangles when fired, and the angle of firing the rocket was measured by a quadrant-type instrument on the side of the rocket machine. Schermuly invented the line-throwing pistol around 1920, which used a small cartridge to fire the rocket. Victoria’s Government adopted lifesaving methods based on Her Majesty’s Coast Guard in Great Britain, which used Colonel Boxer’s rocket apparatus rescue method. The British Board of Trade published instructions in 1850 for both the beach rescue crew and ship’s crew. It involved setting up the rocket launcher on shore at a particular angle measured by the quadrant, inserting a rocket that had a light-weight line attached, then firing it across the stranded vessel. A tally board was then sent out with instructions in four languages. The ship’s crew would haul on the line to bring out the continuous whip line and attach the whip block to a mast or sturdy part the ship. The rescue crew on shore then hauled out a heavier hawser line, which the ship’s crew fixed above the whip block. The hawser is then tightened using the block on the shore end of the whip. The breeches buoy and endless whip are then attached to the traveller block on the hawser, allowing the shore crew to haul the buoy to and from the vessel, rescuing the stranded crew one at a time. The rocket system could also be used from one ship to another. This item is significant for its connection with local history, maritime history and marine technology. Lifesaving has been an important part of the services performed from Warrnambool's very early days, supported by State and Local Government, and based on the methods and experience of Great Britain. Hundreds of shipwrecks along the coast are evidence of the rough weather and rugged coastline. Ordinary citizens, the Harbour employees, and the volunteer boat and rescue crew, saved lives in adverse circumstances. Some were recognised as heroes, others went unrecognised. In Lady Bay, Warrnambool, there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905. Many lives were saved but tragically, eight lives were lost.Breeches buoy and traveller lock; white canvas breeches (shorts) with lifebuoy ring attached to its waistband, with ropes for attaching it to the traveller block. Wooden traveller block has double brass inline sheaves and brass rollers on each cheek of the block, and each shell is scored for the strop. The thimble attached to the strop has a wooden slat for quick release of the breeches buoy. The ropes comprise of two equal lengths of rope that have been bunched together to form two loops, then bound together just below the loops, while the four hanging ends are looped around the lifebuoy, equally spaced, with each end finished in an eye-splice. The apparatus is suspended by the loops at the top and attached to the traveller block, which has a quick release device.flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, flagstaff hill, maritime museum, maritime village, warrnambool, great ocean road, shipwreck, life-saving, lifesaving, rescue crew, rescue, rocket rescue, maritime accidents, shipwreck victim, rocket crew, beach rescue, line rescue, rescue equipment, rocket firing equipment, rocket rescue equipment, rocket apparatus, beach apparatus, petticoat breeches, breeches buoy, rocket house, rocket shed, lifeboat men, rocket equipment, rocket machine, rocket head, rocket launcher, rocket line, marine technology, william schermuly, line-firing pistol, line throwing gun, schermuly pistol, pistol rocket apparatus, beach rescue set, traveller, block, running block, pulley, hawser, faking, faking box, faked line, rescue boat, lifeboat, lady bay, warrnambool harbour, port of warrnambool, tramway jetty, volunteer lifesavers, volunteer crew, breakwater, lifeboat warrnambool, rocket rescue method, rocket rescue apparatus, captain manby, mortar, henry trengrouse, sky rocket, john dennett, shore to ship, colonel boxer, two-stage rocket, italian hemp, quadrant, schermuly, line-throwing pistol, line throwing cartridge, rocket apparatus rescue, stranded vessel, tally board, light line, whip line, endless whip, petticoat buoy, traveller chair, traveller block, her majesty’s coast guard, harbour board, line thrower, line throwing, beach cart, hand barrow, sand anchor, hawser cutter, life jacket, faking board, irish hand barrow, government of victoria

The ship building company E. & A. Sewall, from Bath, Maine, USA, built many ships that had wheels with the same decorative, starburst pattern on them as this particular wheel segment, including the Eric the Red. The wheel was manufactured by their local Bath foundry, Geo. Moulton & Co. and sold to the Sewall yard for $100, according to the construction accounts of the vessel. Eric the Red was a wooden, three masted clipper ship. She had 1,580 tons register and was the largest full-rigged ship built at Bath, Maine, USA in 1871. She was built and registered by Arthur Sewall, later to become the partnership E. & A. Sewall, and was the 51st ship built by this company. The annually-published List of Merchant Vessels of the U.S. shows that Bath was still the home port of Eric the Red in 1880. The vessel was named after the Viking discoverer, Eric the Red, who was the first European to reach the shores of North America (in 980AD). The ship Eric the Red at first traded in coal between America and Britain, and later traded in guano nitrates from South America. In 1879 she was re-metalled and was in first class condition. On 10th June 1880 (some records say 12th June) Eric the Red departed New York for Melbourne and then Sydney. She had been commissioned by American trade representatives to carry a special cargo of 500 exhibits (1400 tons) - about a quarter to a third of America’s total exhibits - from America for the U.S.A. pavilion at Melbourne’s first International Exhibition. The exhibits included furniture, ironmongery, wines, chemicals, dental and surgical instruments, paper, cages, bronze lamp trimmings, axles, stamped ware, astronomical and time globes, samples of corn and the choicest of leaf tobacco. Other general cargo included merchandise such as cases of kerosene and turpentine, brooms, Bristol's Sarsaparilla, Wheeler and Wilson sewing machines, Wheeler’s thresher machine, axe handles and tools, cases of silver plate, toys, pianos and organs, carriages and Yankee notions. The Eric the Red left New York under the command of Captain Z. Allen (or some records say Captain Jacques Allen) and 24 other crew including the owner’s son third mate Ned Sewall. There were 2 saloon passengers also. On 4th September 1880 the ship had been sailing for an uneventful 85 days and the voyage was almost at its end. Eric the Red approached Cape Otway in a moderate north-west wind and hazy and overcast atmosphere. Around 1:30am Captain Allen sighted the Cape Otway light and was keeping the ship 5-6 miles offshore to stay clear of the hazardous Otway Reef. However he had badly misjudged his position. The ship hit the Otway Reef about 2 miles out to sea, south west of the Cape Otway light station. Captain Allen ordered the wheel to be put ‘hard up’ thinking that she might float off the reef. A heavy sea knocked the man away from the wheel, broke the wheel ropes and carried away the rudder. The sea swamped the lifeboats, the mizzenmast fell, with all of its rigging, then the mainmast fell and the ship broke in two. Some said that the passenger Vaughan, who was travelling for his health and not very strong, was washed overboard and never seen again. The ship started breaking up. The forward house came adrift with three of the crew on it as well as a longboat, which the men succeeded in launching and keeping afloat by continually bailing with their sea boots. The captain, the third mate (the owner’s son) and others clung to the mizzenmast in the sea. Then the owner’s son was washed away off the mast. Within 10 minutes the rest of the ship was in pieces, completely wrecked, with cargo and wreckage floating in the sea. The captain encouraged the second mate to swim with him to the deckhouse where there were other crew but the second mate wouldn’t go with him. Eventually the Captain made it to the deckhouse and the men pulled him up. At about 4:30am the group of men on the deckhouse saw the lights of a steamer and called for help. At the same time they noticed the second mate and the other man had drifted nearby, still on the spur, and pulled them both onto the wreck. The coastal steamer Dawn was returning to Warrnambool from Melbourne, its sailing time different to its usual schedule. Cries were heard coming from out of the darkness. Captain Jones sent out two life boats, and fired off rockets and blue lights to illuminate the area. They picked up the three survivors who were in the long boat from Eric the Red. Two men were picked up out of the water, one being the owner’s son who was clinging to floating kerosene boxes. At daylight the Dawn then rescued the 18 men from the floating portion of the deckhouse, which had drifted about 4 miles from where they’d struck the reef. Shortly after the rescue the deckhouse drifted onto breakers and was thrown onto rocks at Point Franklin, about 2 miles east of Cape Otway. Captain Jones had signalled to Cape Otway lighthouse the number of the Eric the Red and later signalled that there was a wreck at Otway Reef but there was no response from the lighthouse. The captain and crew of the Dawn spent several more hours searching unsuccessfully for more survivors, even going back as far as Apollo Bay. On board the Dawn the exhausted men received care and attention to their needs and wants, including much needed clothing. Captain Allen was amongst the 23 battered and injured men who were rescued and later taken to Warrnambool for care. Warrnambool’s mayor and town clerk offered them all hospitality, the three badly injured men going to the hospital and others to the Olive Branch Hotel, then on to Melbourne. Captain Allen’s leg injury prevented him from going ashore so he and three other men travelled on the Dawn to Portland. They were met by the mayor who also treated them all with great kindness. Captain Allen took the train back to Melbourne then returned to America. Those saved were Captain Z. Allen (or Jacques Allen), J. Darcy chief mate, James F. Lawrence second mate, Ned Sewall third mate and owner’s son, John French the cook, C. Nelson sail maker, Clarence W. New passenger, and the able seamen Dickenson, J. Black, Denis White, C. Herbert, C. Thompson, A. Brooks, D. Wilson, J. Ellis, Q. Thompson, C. Newman, W. Paul, J. Davis, M. Horenleng, J. Ogduff, T. W. Drew, R. Richardson. Four men had lost their lives; three of them were crew (Gus Dahlgreen ship’s carpenter, H. Ackman steward, who drowned in his cabin, and George Silver seaman) and one a passenger (J. B. Vaughan). The body of one of them had been found washed up at Cape Otway and was later buried in the lighthouse cemetery; another body was seen on an inaccessible ledge. Twelve months later the second mate James F. Lawrence, from Nova Scotia, passed away in the Warrnambool district; an obituary was displayed in the local paper. The captain and crew of the Dawn were recognised by the United States Government in July 1881 for their humane efforts and bravery, being thanked and presented with substantial monetary rewards, medals and gifts. Neither the ship, nor its cargo, was insured. The ship was worth about £15,000 and the cargo was reportedly worth £40,000; only about £2,000 worth had been recovered. Cargo and wreckage washed up at Apollo Bay, Peterborough, Port Campbell, Western Port and according to some reports, even as far away as the beaches of New Zealand. The day after the wreck the government steam ship Pharos was sent from Queenscliff to clear the shipping lanes of debris that could be a danger to ships. The large midship deckhouse of the ship was found floating in a calm sea near Henty Reef. Items such as an American chair, a ladder and a nest of boxes were all on top of the deckhouse. As it was so large and could cause danger to passing ships, Captain Payne had the deckhouse towed towards the shore just beyond Apollo Bay. Between Apollo Bay and Blanket Bay the captain and crew of Pharos collected Wheeler and Wilson sewing machines, nests of boxes, bottles of Bristol’s sarsaparilla, pieces of common American chairs, axe handles, a Wheelers’ Patent thresher and a sailor’s trunk with the words “A. James” on the front. A ship’s flag-board bearing the words “Eric the Red” was found on the deckhouse; finally those on board the Pharos had the name of the wrecked vessel. During this operation Pharos came across the government steamer Victoria and also a steamer S.S. Otway, both of which were picking up flotsam and wreckage. A whole side of the hull and three large pieces of the other side of the hull, with some of the copper sheathing stripped off, had floated on to Point Franklin. Some of the vessels yards and portions of her masts were on shore. The pieces of canvas attached to the yards and masts confirmed that the vessel had been under sail. The beach there was piled with debris several feet high. There were many cases of Diamond Oil kerosene, labelled R. W. Cameron and Company, New York. There were also many large planks of red pine, portions of a small white boat and a large, well-used oar. Other items found ashore included sewing machines (some consigned to ‘Long and Co.”) and notions, axe and scythe handles, hay forks, wooden pegs, rolls of wire (some branded “T.S” and Co, Melbourne”), kegs of nails branded “A.T. and Co.” from the factory of A. Field and Son, Taunton, Massachusetts, croquet balls and mallets, buggy fittings, rat traps, perfumery, cutlery and Douay Bibles, clocks, bicycles, chairs, a fly wheel, a cooking stove, timber, boxes, pianos, organs and a ladder. (Wooden clothes pegs drifted in for many years). There seemed to be no personal luggage or clothing. The Pharos encountered a long line, about one and a half miles, of floating wreckage about 10 miles off land, south east of Cape Otway, and in some places about 40 feet wide. It seemed that more than half of it was from Eric the Red. The ship’s crew rescued 3 cases that were for the Melbourne Exhibition and other items from amongst the debris. There were also chairs, doors, musical instruments, washing boards, nests of trunks and fly catchers floating in the sea. Most of the goods were saturated and smelt of kerosene. A section of the hull lies buried in the sand at Parker River Beach. An anchor with chain is embedded in the rocks east of Point Franklin and a second anchor, thought to be from Eric the Red, is on display at the Cape Otway light station. (There is a photograph of a life belt on the verandah of Rivernook Guest House in Princetown with the words “ERIC THE RED / BOSTON”. This is rather a mystery as the ship was registered in Bath, Maine, USA.) Parts of the ship are on display at Bimbi Park Caravan Park and at Apollo Bay Museum. Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village also has part of the helm (steering wheel), a carved wooden sword (said to be the only remaining portion of the ship’s figurehead; further research is currently being carried out), a door, a metal rod, samples of wood and a medal for bravery. Much of the wreckage was recovered by the local residents before police and other authorities arrived at the scene. Looters went to great effort to salvage goods, being lowered down the high cliff faces to areas with little or no beach to collect items from the wreckage, their mates above watching out for dangerous waves. A Tasmanian newspaper reports on a court case in Stawell, Victoria, noting a man who was caught 2 months later selling tobacco from the wreckage of Eric the Red. Some of the silverware is still treasured by descendants of Mr Mackenzie who was given these items by officials for his help in securing the cargo. The gifts included silver coffee and tea pots, half a dozen silver serviette rings and two sewing machines. The wreck and cargo were sold to a Melbourne man who salvaged a quantity of high quality tobacco and dental and surgical instruments. Timbers from the ship were salvaged and used in the construction of houses and sheds around Apollo Bay, including a guest house, Milford House (since burnt down in bushfires), which had furniture, fittings and timber on the dining room floor from the ship. A 39.7 foot long trading ketch, the Apollo, was also built from its timbers by Mr Burgess in 1883 and subsequently used in Tasmanian waters. It was the first attempt at ship building in Apollo bay. In 1881 a red light was installed about 300 feet above sea level at the base of the Cape Otway lighthouse to warn ships when they were too close to shore; It would not be visible unless a ship came within 3 miles from it. This has proved to be an effective warning. The State Library of Victoria has a lithograph in its collection depicting the steamer Dawn and the shipwrecked men, titled. "Wreck of the ship Eric the Red, Cape Otway: rescue of the crew by the Dawn". “The Eric the Red is historically significant as one of Victoria's major 19th century shipwrecks. (Heritage Victoria Eric the Red; HV ID 239) The wreck led to the provision of an additional warning light placed below the Cape Otway lighthouse to alert mariners to the location of Otway Reef. The site is archaeologically significant for its remains of a large and varied cargo and ship's fittings being scattered over a wide area. The site is recreationally and aesthetically significant as it is one of the few sites along this coast where tourists can visit identifiable remains of a large wooden shipwreck, and for its location set against the background of Cape Otway, Bass Strait, and the Cape Otway lighthouse.“ (Victorian Heritage Database Registration Number S239, Official Number 8745 USA) Segment of a ship's wheel, or helm, from the wreck of the sailing ship Eric the Red. The wheel part is an arc shape from the outer rim of the wheel and is made up of three layers of timber. The centre layer is a dark, dense timber and is wider than the two outer layers, which are less dense and lighter in colour. The wheel segment has a vertically symmetrical, decorative copper plate inlaid on the front. The plate has a starburst pattern; six stars decorate it, each at a point where there is a metal fitting going through the three layers of timber to the rear side of the wheel. On the rear each of the six fittings has an individual copper star around it. The edges of the helm are rounded and bevelled, polished to a shine in a dark stain. Around each of the stars, front and back, the wood is a lighter colour, as though the metal in that area being polished frequently. The length of the segment suggests that it has probably come from a wheel or helm that had ten spokes. (Ref: F.H.M.M. 16th March 1994, 239.6.610.3.7. Artefact Reg No ER/1.)flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, ship's-wheel, eric-the-red, helm, shei's wheel, ship's steering wheel

This wooden sword is said to “possibly be the only remaining part of the figurehead from the sailing ship Eric the Red.” It was previously part of the collection of the old Warrnambool Museum and the entry in its inventory says “Wooden sword, portion of the figurehead, held by “Eric the Red” at the bow.” A large part of the ship’s hull was found on the rocks and a figurehead may have been attached or washed up on the shore. The shipping records for E. & A. Sewall, the builders, owners and managers of Eric the Red, are now preserved in the Maine Maritime Museum. There is no photograph on record of Eric the Red but photographs of other ships built around that time by the same company show that these did not have figureheads, and there is no record found of a figurehead for Eric the Red being ordered or paid for. Further research is being carried out. The ship building company E. & A. Sewall, from Bath, Maine, USA, built Eric the Red, a wooden, three masted clipper ship. She had 1,580 tons register and was the largest full-rigged ship built at Bath, Maine, USA in 1871. She was built and registered by Arthur Sewall, later to become the partnership E. & A. Sewall, and was the 51st ship built by this company. The annually-published List of Merchant Vessels of the U.S. shows that Bath was still the home port of Eric the Red in 1880. The vessel was named after the Viking discoverer, Eric the Red, who was the first European to reach the shores of North America (in 980AD). The ship Eric the Red at first traded in coal between America and Britain, and later traded in guano nitrates from South America. In 1879 she was re-metalled and was in first class condition. On 10th June 1880 (some records say 12th June) Eric the Red departed New York for Melbourne and then Sydney. She had been commissioned by American trade representatives to carry a special cargo of 500 exhibits (1400 tons) - about a quarter to a third of America’s total exhibits - from America for the U.S.A. pavilion at Melbourne’s first International Exhibition. The exhibits included furniture, ironmongery, wines, chemicals, dental and surgical instruments, paper, cages, bronze lamp trimmings, axles, stamped ware, astronomical and time globes, samples of corn and the choicest of leaf tobacco. Other general cargo included merchandise such as cases of kerosene and turpentine, brooms, Bristol's Sarsaparilla, Wheeler and Wilson sewing machines, Wheeler’s thresher machine, axe handles and tools, cases of silver plate, toys, pianos and organs, carriages and Yankee notions. The Eric the Red left New York under the command of Captain Z. Allen (or some records say Captain Jacques Allen) and 24 other crew including the owner’s son third mate Ned Sewall. There were 2 saloon passengers also. On 4th September 1880 the ship had been sailing for an uneventful 85 days and the voyage was almost at its end. Eric the Red approached Cape Otway in a moderate north-west wind and hazy and overcast atmosphere. Around 1:30am Captain Allen sighted the Cape Otway light and was keeping the ship 5-6 miles offshore to stay clear of the hazardous Otway Reef. However he had badly misjudged his position. The ship hit the Otway Reef about 2 miles out to sea, south west of the Cape Otway light station. Captain Allen ordered the wheel to be put ‘hard up’ thinking that she might float off the reef. A heavy sea knocked the man away from the wheel, broke the wheel ropes and carried away the rudder. The sea swamped the lifeboats, the mizzenmast fell, with all of its rigging, then the mainmast fell and the ship broke in two. Some said that the passenger Vaughan, who was travelling for his health and not very strong, was washed overboard and never seen again. The ship started breaking up. The forward house came adrift with three of the crew on it as well as a longboat, which the men succeeded in launching and keeping afloat by continually bailing with their sea boots. The captain, the third mate (the owner’s son) and others clung to the mizzenmast in the sea. Then the owner’s son was washed away off the mast. Within 10 minutes the rest of the ship was in pieces, completely wrecked, with cargo and wreckage floating in the sea. The captain encouraged the second mate to swim with him to the deckhouse where there were other crew but the second mate wouldn’t go with him. Eventually the Captain made it to the deckhouse and the men pulled him up. At about 4:30am the group of men on the deckhouse saw the lights of a steamer and called for help. At the same time they noticed the second mate and the other man had drifted nearby, still on the spur, and pulled them both onto the wreck. The coastal steamer Dawn was returning to Warrnambool from Melbourne, its sailing time different to its usual schedule. Cries were heard coming from out of the darkness. Captain Jones sent out two life boats, and fired off rockets and blue lights to illuminate the area. They picked up the three survivors who were in the long boat from Eric the Red. Two men were picked up out of the water, one being the owner’s son who was clinging to floating kerosene boxes. At daylight the Dawn then rescued the 18 men from the floating portion of the deckhouse, which had drifted about 4 miles from where they’d struck the reef. Shortly after the rescue the deckhouse drifted onto breakers and was thrown onto rocks at Point Franklin, about 2 miles east of Cape Otway. Captain Jones had signalled to Cape Otway lighthouse the number of the Eric the Red and later signalled that there was a wreck at Otway Reef but there was no response from the lighthouse. The captain and crew of the Dawn spent several more hours searching unsuccessfully for more survivors, even going back as far as Apollo Bay. On board the Dawn the exhausted men received care and attention to their needs and wants, including much needed clothing. Captain Allen was amongst the 23 battered and injured men who were rescued and later taken to Warrnambool for care. Warrnambool’s mayor and town clerk offered them all hospitality, the three badly injured men going to the hospital and others to the Olive Branch Hotel, then on to Melbourne. Captain Allen’s leg injury prevented him from going ashore so he and three other men travelled on the Dawn to Portland. They were met by the mayor who also treated them all with great kindness. Captain Allen took the train back to Melbourne then returned to America. Those saved were Captain Z. Allen (or Jacques Allen), J. Darcy chief mate, James F. Lawrence second mate, Ned Sewall third mate and owner’s son, John French the cook, C. Nelson sail maker, Clarence W. New passenger, and the able seamen Dickenson, J. Black, Denis White, C. Herbert, C. Thompson, A. Brooks, D. Wilson, J. Ellis, Q. Thompson, C. Newman, W. Paul, J. Davis, M. Horenleng, J. Ogduff, T. W. Drew, R. Richardson. Four men had lost their lives; three of them were crew (Gus Dahlgreen ship’s carpenter, H. Ackman steward, who drowned in his cabin, and George Silver seaman) and one a passenger (J. B. Vaughan). The body of one of them had been found washed up at Cape Otway and was later buried in the lighthouse cemetery; another body was seen on an inaccessible ledge. Twelve months later the second mate James F. Lawrence, from Nova Scotia, passed away in the Warrnambool district; an obituary was displayed in the local paper. The captain and crew of the Dawn were recognised by the United States Government in July 1881 for their humane efforts and bravery, being thanked and presented with substantial monetary rewards, medals and gifts. Neither the ship, nor its cargo, was insured. The ship was worth about £15,000 and the cargo was reportedly worth £40,000; only about £2,000 worth had been recovered. Cargo and wreckage washed up at Apollo Bay, Peterborough, Port Campbell, Western Port and according to some reports, even as far away as the beaches of New Zealand. The day after the wreck the government steam ship Pharos was sent from Queenscliff to clear the shipping lanes of debris that could be a danger to ships. The large midship deckhouse of the ship was found floating in a calm sea near Henty Reef. Items such as an American chair, a ladder and a nest of boxes were all on top of the deckhouse. As it was so large and could cause danger to passing ships, Captain Payne had the deckhouse towed towards the shore just beyond Apollo Bay. Between Apollo Bay and Blanket Bay the captain and crew of Pharos collected Wheeler and Wilson sewing machines, nests of boxes, bottles of Bristol’s sarsaparilla, pieces of common American chairs, axe handles, a Wheelers’ Patent thresher and a sailor’s trunk with the words “A. James” on the front. A ship’s flag-board bearing the words “Eric the Red” was found on the deckhouse; finally those on board the Pharos had the name of the wrecked vessel. During this operation Pharos came across the government steamer Victoria and also a steamer S.S. Otway, both of which were picking up flotsam and wreckage. A whole side of the hull and three large pieces of the other side of the hull, with some of the copper sheathing stripped off, had floated on to Point Franklin. Some of the vessels yards and portions of her masts were on shore. The pieces of canvas attached to the yards and masts confirmed that the vessel had been under sail. The beach there was piled with debris several feet high. There were many cases of Diamond Oil kerosene, labelled R. W. Cameron and Company, New York. There were also many large planks of red pine, portions of a small white boat and a large, well-used oar. Other items found ashore included sewing machines (some consigned to ‘Long and Co.”) and notions, axe and scythe handles, hay forks, wooden pegs, rolls of wire (some branded “T.S” and Co, Melbourne”), kegs of nails branded “A.T. and Co.” from the factory of A. Field and Son, Taunton, Massachusetts, croquet balls and mallets, buggy fittings, rat traps, perfumery, cutlery and Douay Bibles, clocks, bicycles, chairs, a fly wheel, a cooking stove, timber, boxes, pianos, organs and a ladder. (Wooden clothes pegs drifted in for many years). There seemed to be no personal luggage or clothing. The Pharos encountered a long line, about one and a half miles, of floating wreckage about 10 miles off land, south east of Cape Otway, and in some places about 40 feet wide. It seemed that more than half of it was from Eric the Red. The ship’s crew rescued 3 cases that were for the Melbourne Exhibition and other items from amongst the debris. There were also chairs, doors, musical instruments, washing boards, nests of trunks and fly catchers floating in the sea. Most of the goods were saturated and smelt of kerosene. A section of the hull lies buried in the sand at Parker River Beach. An anchor with chain is embedded in the rocks east of Point Franklin and a second anchor, thought to be from Eric the Red, is on display at the Cape Otway light station. (There is a photograph of a life belt on the verandah of Rivernook Guest House in Princetown with the words “ERIC THE RED / BOSTON”. This is rather a mystery as the ship was registered in Bath, Maine, USA.) Parts of the ship are on display at Bimbi Park Caravan Park and at Apollo Bay Museum. Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village also has part of the helm (steering wheel), a carved wooden sword (said to be the only remaining portion of the ship’s figurehead; further research is currently being carried out), a door, a metal rod, samples of wood and a medal for bravery. Much of the wreckage was recovered by the local residents before police and other authorities arrived at the scene. Looters went to great effort to salvage goods, being lowered down the high cliff faces to areas with little or no beach to collect items from the wreckage, their mates above watching out for dangerous waves. A Tasmanian newspaper reports on a court case in Stawell, Victoria, noting a man who was caught 2 months later selling tobacco from the wreckage of Eric the Red. Some of the silverware is still treasured by descendants of Mr Mackenzie who was given these items by officials for his help in securing the cargo. The gifts included silver coffee and tea pots, half a dozen silver serviette rings and two sewing machines. The wreck and cargo were sold to a Melbourne man who salvaged a quantity of high quality tobacco and dental and surgical instruments. Timbers from the ship were salvaged and used in the construction of houses and sheds around Apollo Bay, including a guest house, Milford House (since burnt down in bushfires), which had furniture, fittings and timber on the dining room floor from the ship. A 39.7 foot long trading ketch, the Apollo, was also built from its timbers by Mr Burgess in 1883 and subsequently used in Tasmanian waters. It was the first attempt at ship building in Apollo bay. In 1881 a red light was installed about 300 feet above sea level at the base of the Cape Otway lighthouse to warn ships when they were too close to shore; It would not be visible unless a ship came within 3 miles from it. This has proved to be an effective warning. The State Library of Victoria has a lithograph in its collection depicting the steamer Dawn and the shipwrecked men, titled. "Wreck of the ship Eric the Red, Cape Otway: rescue of the crew by the Dawn".The Eric the Red is historically significant as one of Victoria's major 19th century shipwrecks. (Heritage Victoria Eric the Red; HV ID 239) The wreck led to the provision of an additional warning light placed below the Cape Otway lighthouse to alert mariners to the location of Otway Reef. The site is archaeologically significant for its remains of a large and varied cargo and ship's fittings being scattered over a wide area. The site is recreationally and aesthetically significant as it is one of the few sites along this coast where tourists can visit identifiable remains of a large wooden shipwreck, and for its location set against the background of Cape Otway, Bass Strait, and the Cape Otway lighthouse. (Victorian Heritage Database Registration Number S239, Official Number 8745 USA)This carved wooden sword, recovered from the Eric the Red, is possibly the only portion of the figurehead recovered after the wreck. There are spirals carved from the base of the handle to the top of the sword. The hilt of the sword is a lion’s head holding its tail in its mouth, the tail forming the handle. The blade of the sword has engraved patterns on it. Tiny particles of gold leaf and dark blue paint fragments can be seen between the carving marks. There are remnants of yellowish-orange and crimson paint on the handle. At some time after the sword was salvaged the name of the ship was hand painted on the blade in black paint. The tip of the sword has broken or split and the remaining part is charcoal in appearance. On both the tip and the base of the handle are parts made where the sword could have been joined onto the figurehead There is a white coating over some areas of the sword, similar to white lead putty used in traditional shipbuilding. The words “ERIC the RED” have been hand painted on the blade of the sword in black paint sometime after it was salvaged.flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, sword, wooden sword, eric the red, carved sword, figurehead, snake head on sword

Information of construction of Pride of the Murray. Construction: Composite Tonnage: 71 gross 36 net Dimensions: L 82.4 ft B 15.5 ft D 4.4 Date of Registration: Melbourne 1870 no.88, 918 Built: Echuca, Vic. 1865 Owners: Permewan, Wights & co.This photo has Social and historical significance,depicting some of the boats and the wharf in the 1980's. It gives a very clear visual of the Port of Echuca wharf and the Echuca banks of the Murray with some of the beach visible. Black and white satin photograph of the starboard side of the P. S. Canberra sailing upstream on Murray river between the Port of Echuca wharf and the Echuca bridge. The Pride of the Murray (front on) can be seen further behind , on the left, with the Pevensey, which appears to be moored in front of the wharf in the background. On front of photo paddlesteamers are marked Canberra & Pride of the Murray. On back of the photo is marked in pencil: please return to Mrs H.Coulson, Port of Echuca, Box 35, Echuca.echuca wharf, p.s. canberra

Dust cover is a painted illustration of the characters from the book.fictionAfter World War III, Australia is the only remaining haven for mankind. However, wind currents carrying lingering radiation all but condemn those on the continent to the same fate suffered by the rest of the world. When the survivors receive a strange signal from San Diego, Cmdr. Dwight Towers must undertake a mission with Lt. Peter Holmes to see if there is hope for humanity -- leaving behind Moira and Mary, the women they love.science fiction, end of the world, australia

Small b & w photograph depicting 1930's Mission to Seafarers building at Port Melbournemission, port melbourne, art deco, harry a. norris, alfred m. nicholas, brick, beach street, huntingfield hall, king george v memorial building, seamen mission, mission to seamen, mission to seafarers, 1937, phone booth, phone box, bill doyle

‘Strike anywhere’ or ‘Waterproof’ matches are still used today all around the world, including many developing countries and are widely used for camping, outdoor activities, emergency/survival /military situations, and stocking homemade survival kits. Anton Schrötter von Kristelli discovered in 1850 that heating white phosphorus at 250 °C in an inert atmosphere produced a red allotropic form, which did not fume in contact with air. It was suggested that this would make a suitable substitute in match manufacture although it was slightly more expensive. Two French chemists, Henri Savene and Emile David Cahen, proved in 1898 that the addition of phosphorus sesquisulfide meant that the substance was not poisonous, that it could be used in a "strike-anywhere" match, and that the match heads were not explosive. British company Albright and Wilson, was the first company to produce phosphorus sesquisulfide matches commercially. The company developed a safe means of making commercial quantities of phosphorus sesquisulfide in 1899 and started selling it to match manufacturers. Bryant and May was a United Kingdom (UK) company created in the mid-nineteenth century specifically to make matches. Their original Bryant and May Factory was located in Bow, London. They later opened other match factories in the United Kingdom and Australia. On 15th December 1909, Bryant & May, Australia’s first match factory at Church Street, Richmond, Victoria. was opened by The Honorable Alfred Deakin, Prime Minister of Australia, and Mrs. Deakin The Bryant & May Ltd factory in Church St Richmond is a listed building and has been converted to apartments following the closure of the Company 1980. Bryant & May's Ltd were influential in fighting against the dreadful disease known as Phossy jaw which was caused by white phosphorus used in the manufacture of the early matches. They were also the object of the 'Match Girls Strike' in London 1888, which won important improvements in working conditions and pay for the mostly female workforce working with the dangerous white phosphorus. The public were slow to purchase these red phosphorus sesquisulfide safety matches because of the higher price1 box of unused Bryant & May safety matches 'Greenlite' waterproof Greenlites / waterproof / matches / CONTENTS 47 / MADE IN AUSTRALIA BY BRYANT & MAY / E 2994 photograph of a man and woman beside a camp fire on the beachsafety matches, bryant & may pty ltd, phossy jaw disease, early settlers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, lights, lamps, tobacco, white phosphorous, red, phosphorus sesquisulfide, swedish match pty ltd, pitt william, savens henri, cahen emile david , richmond victoria,