Hardcoverarchitecture, australian architecture, cast iron lacework, design, walsh st library

A red castiron mailbox in Lydiard Street South, Ballaratmailbox, letterbox, mail, lydiard street south

Valentine Series Postcard. Victoria Park later Cato Park at Head of the St George Mine Dam originally established with donations from Mr E Simmons and voluntary efforts. Shows two rotundas.B/W Photo. Valentine Series No. 1082 Lake Victoria Park, Stawell. Taken between the two rotundas showing lake, pier and older willows. Both now renamed Cato lake and Cato park.Valentines Real Photo Series Logo. Published by the Valentine Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd. Queen St. Melb.stawell

This is a cast of unknown origin and was probably made commercially. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Two plaster casts of a Bob Cat footrpint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore CollectionversoL Bob Cataustralian animal folklore, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, bob cat, big cat, cat, footprint, cast

David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Plaster casts of a Puma footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore Collectionaustralian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, big cat, cat, puma, plaster cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

The cast of a captive Alpine Dingo was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Plaster casts of an Alpine Dingo Footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore CollectionVerso: TZ, Alpine Dingo, 4/04australian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, alpine dingo, dingo, plaster cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Plaster casts of big cat footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore Collectionaustralian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, big cat, cat, plaster cast, cast, resin cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

The cast of a captive Clouded Leopard was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Two plaster casts of a male Clouded Leopard. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore CollectionVerso: TZ, 3/04/male/Clouded Leopardaustralian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, big cat, cat, clouded leopard, plaster cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

The cast of a captive Golden Cat was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Three plaster casts of a Golden Cat footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore CollectionVerso: TZ, Golden Cat, male, 5/04australian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, big cat, cat, golden cat, plaster cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

The cast of a captive Alpine Dingo was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Two plaster casts of a Tropical Dingo footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore CollectionVerso: TZ, Tropical Dingo, 4/04australian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, tropical dingo, dingo, plaster cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

The cast of a captive female African Lion aged 5 months was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Two plaster casts of a Lion footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore Collectionverso: TZ, lion, male, 04/04australian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, big cat, cat, lion, plaster cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

The cast of a captive African Lion was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. This cast was taken in deep mud to demonstrate the abnormal shape of such casts. Sometimes cats claws are clearly visible from such casts and so being confused with that of a large dog. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Plaster cast of a Lion footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. The plaster has remnant straw like material attached. Australian Animal Folklore Collectionaustralian animal folklore collection, pepper edwards, david pepper edwards, big cats, mythical, myth, folklore

The cast of a captive male Snow Leopard was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Three plaster casts of a male Snow Leopard footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore CollectionVersoL TZ, Snow Leopard, Male, 3/04australian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, big cat, cat, snow leopard, plaster cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

Before the introduction of electric irons, various irons were used including flat irons, sad irons, and box irons. These irons were heated on a pre-existing hot surface such as a stove (flat irons, sad irons) or heated internally with a metal slug or hot coals (box irons). Sad irons were heavier than flat irons, as they had a solid block of metal as a base.Cast iron flat iron.flat irons, household equipment

The cast of a captive male Golden Cat was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Plaster casts of a male Snow Leopard showing front and rear footprints. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore CollectionVerso: TZ, Snow leopard, male, 27/7/03, front + rearaustralian animal folklore, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, snow leopard, big cat, cat, footprint, cast

The cast of a captive male Sumatran Tiger aged 5 months was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Two plaster casts of a five month old male Sumatran tTiger footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore Collectionverso: TZ, Sumatran Tiger, males, 5 months, 3/04australian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, big cat, cat, sumatran tiger, plaster cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

The carronade was designed as a short-range naval weapon with a low muzzle velocity for merchant ships, but it also found a niche role on warships. It was produced by the Carron Iron Works and was at first sold as a complete system with the gun, mounting, and shot altogether. Carronades initially became popular on British merchant ships during the American Revolutionary War. A lightweight gun that needed only a small gun crew and was devastating at short range was well suited to defending merchant ships against French and American privateers. The invention of the cannon is variously attributed to Lieutenant General Robert Melville in 1759, or to Charles Gascoigne, manager of the Carron Company from 1769 to 1779. In its early years, the weapon was sometimes called a "mellvinade" or a "gasconade". The carronade can be seen as the culmination of a development of naval guns reducing the barrel length and thereby the gunpowder charge. The Carron Company was already selling a "new light-constructed" gun, two-thirds of the weight of the standard naval gun and charged with one-sixth of the weight of the ball in powder before it introduced the carronade, which further halved the gunpowder charge. The theory of its design was to use less powder and had other advantages that were advertised in the company's sales pamphlet of the time, state. The smaller gunpowder charge reduced the barrel heating in action, also reduced the recoil. The mounting, attached to the side of the ship on a pivot, took the recoil on a slider, without altering the alignment of the gun. The pamphlet advocated the use of woollen cartridges, which eliminated the need for wadding and worming, although they were more expensive. Carronades also simplified gunnery for comparatively untrained merchant seamen in both aiming and reloading that was part of the rationale for adopting the gun. Other advantages promoted by the company were. The replacement of trunnions by a bolt underneath, to connect the gun to the mounting, reduced the width of the carriage that enhanced the wide angle of fire. A merchant ship would almost always be running away from an enemy, so a wide-angle of fire was much more important than on a warship. A carronade weighed a quarter as much as a standard cannon and used a quarter to a third of the gunpowder charge. This reduced charge allowed Carronades to have a shorter length and much lighter weight than long guns. Increasing the size of the bore and ball reduces the required length of the barrel. The force acting on the ball is proportional to the square of the diameter, while the mass of the ball rises by the cube, so acceleration is slower; thus, the barrel can be shorter and therefore lighter. Long guns were also much heavier than Carronades because they were over-specified to be capable of being double-shotted, (to load cannons with twice the shot, for increased damage at the expense of range), whereas it was dangerous to do this in a carronade. A ship could carry more carronades, or carronades of a larger calibre, than long guns, and carronades could be mounted on the upper decks, where heavy long guns could cause the ship to be top-heavy and unstable. Carronades also required a smaller gun crew, which was very important for merchant ships, and they were faster to reload. The small bore carronade and carriage is part of a collection of nineteenth Century Flagstaff Hill Guns and Cannon, which is classified as being of significance and was made a few years after the beginning of Queen Victoria's reign in 1837 and fires a 6 lb pound cannon ball. This nineteenth century artillery piece is a rare and representative item of artillery of this era, used predominately on ships, both military and merchant. The artillery piece, individually and as part of the collection, is highly significant for its historical, scientific and aesthetic reasons at the state, national and world level. This carronade represents the methods of artillery technology, its advancement and its modifications to suit dangerous situations that sailors encountered from attacks from free booters (pirates, living from plunder) or others at the time. Carronade firing a 6 lb cast iron ball, with a smooth bore barrel 6.5 cm in dia the item is mounted on stepped wooden carriage with wooden wheels. Cannon barrel can have its elevation adjusted via a wooden wedge. Gun carriage has loops for locating and holding in position to a deck by ropes. Carriage is a replica made 1982Cast into the barrel is the royal emblem of Queen Victoria (VR "Victoria Regina") indicating the carronade was cast during Queen Victoria's reign / 1840 & 4-2-0 denoting the weight of the barrel. Right hand trunnion has a serial number “8708”. Also on top of the barrel is the British "Board of Ordinance" identifying mark a broad arrow indicating the carronade was in military use. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, colonial defences, victoria’s coastal defences, warrnambool fortification, warrnambool garrison battery, warrnambool volunteer corps, ordinance, armaments, garrison gun, smooth bore cannon, carronade, black powder, 12 pounder, 1840, artillery, lieutenant general robert melville, charles gascoigne, carron company, mellvinade, gasconade

The Breville company was established in Sydney in 1932, by Bill O’Brien and Harry Norville, who combined their two surnames to form the company name. The company originally manufactured radios. During World War II, it made mine detectors. By 1953, the radio business had been taken over by A.W. Jackson Industries Pty. Ltd., which manufactured radiograms and, later, television sets under the Breville brand. In the 1960s, Breville turned its attention to manufacturing kitchen appliances and other domestic appliances. With more people owning cars, caravans and becoming more mobile, a range of lighter appliances were also developed. This included the Breville Travel Light Steam Iron. Breville has now become a global brand which delivers kitchen products to more than 70 countries.This item is representative of an Australian company established in 1962 and its innovations in the electrical appliance industry.A small foldable steam iron manufactured by Breville in Honk KongBreville Travel Light Steam Iron Model details on metal platedomestic appliances, breville irons, travel irons

This iron was given to Isobel and Stan Campbell by another woman in Boort Victoria pre 1999 as per the letter attached with the Donation form. These irons were manufactured in Australia as per the printing on the cardboard box and instruction sheet. These self-generating gas irons used methylated spirits in the small tank at the back of the iron. The irons would have been used prior to electricity being available to be connected to a house and used for ironing clothes and other woven material items used by the members of the household.Brown cardboard box with separate lid with black printing on the front and back of box and lid. A heavy silver iron with 13 holes along each side there is a black handle screwed to top of iron and a small round container attached to the back. An instruction sheet. Box front and back - The "STAR"/Self-Generating Gas iron/(Registered)/Is Made In Australia!/By Australian Workers!/From Australian Material!/ Instruction sheet - MADE IN AUSTRALIA/.../The "STAR' is the most economical Iron ever put on the Market , and/being manufactured of the best materials only, will last a life-time./...social history, domestic appliance, irons, george evans collection, isobel campbell, 1990s

David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints made at Taronga Zoo in the identification of Big Cat sightings in the bush.Plaster casts of big cat footprints. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. Australian Animal Folklore Collectionaustralian animal folklore collection, david pepper edwards, pepper edwards, big cat, cat, plaster cast, footprint, mythical, myth, folklore

Albert E. Williams first studied art under Fred Foster after being awarded a scholarship to the Ballarat East Art School. In 1913 he became one of the first intake of 83 students to study the Merit Certificate at the newly opened Ballarat Junior Technical School. Williams was the second person to receive a certificate from that institution. He then studied under H.H. Smith for the Art Teachers’ Certificate at the Ballarat School of Mines Technical Art School between 1915 and 1920. Williams joined the staff of the Ballarat Junior Technical School in 1921, teaching sign writing, ticket writing and house decoration. He taught in other technical schools between 1923 and 1928, returning to Ballarat in that year to fill a vacancy left by John Rowell . Williams continued his teaching career at both the Ballarat School of Mines Technical Art School and the Junior Technical School until 1942. He taught in various other technical schools from 1943, retiring as Headmaster of the Brighton Technical School in 1964. Albert E. Williams continued producing artwork throughout his career, and was responsible for the education of generations of artists and art teachers. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Bal larat Treasure' in 2007.Pencil drawing of a plaster cast floral form.Written on the mat board below the drawing "Drawing ornament from cast in light and shade. For Drawing Teacher's Secondary Certificate by Albert E. Williams, Tech. Art School, Ballarat."art, artwork, albert e. williams, williams, ballarat technical art school, plaster cast

Bell from the "Iron Spencer" , Melbourne 1956IRON SPENCER MELBOURNE/ S.S IRON SPENCER LAUNCHED BY/ MRS L.G.DARLING/23rd MAY 1956 "PWO 2113"

In the industrialized world, as stoves replaced open fires and braziers as a source of more efficient and reliable heating, models were developed that could also be used for cooking, and these came to be known as kitchen stoves.  The first manufactured cast-iron stove was produced at Lynn, Mass., in 1642. This stove had no grates and was little more than a cast-iron box. About 1740 Benjamin Franklin invented the “Pennsylvania fireplace,” which incorporated the basic principles of the heating stove. The Franklin stove burned wood on a grate and had sliding doors that could be used to control the draft (flow of air) through it. Because the stove was relatively small, it could be installed in a large fireplace or used free-standing in the middle of a room by connecting it to a flue. The Franklin stove warmed farmhouses, city dwellings, and frontier cabins throughout North America. Its design influenced the development of the pot-bellied stove, which was a familiar feature in some homes well into the 20th century. The first round cast-iron stoves with grates for cooking food on them were manufactured by Isaac Orr at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1800. The base-burning stove for burning anthracite coal was invented in 1833 by Jordan A. Mott. The subject item is a mid to late 19th century settlers stove probably of Canadian manufacture imported into Australia around this time. The stove gives us a social snapshot into what life must have been like for our early colonialists using this device for heating and cooking in their meagre homes. Cast iron stove with four-legs, 2 plates on top and a hinged front door. The door has been cast with a maple leaf design and the sides have a pattern cast into them.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, stove, domestic heating, domestic cooking, heater, cooking unit, pot belly stove, wood fired stove, wood stove

The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. The school inherited some casts from its predecessor institutions, and further consignments were purchased during the 1920s, including full length, bust and relief figures, as well as dozens of ornamental and architectural casts. Unfortunately, much of the collection was lost or destroyed in the late 1950s. This is one of the few surviving pieces, with TAFE students reportedly drawing from it into the twenty-first century. This plaster hand is inscribed “Waschatz, Modeller, Melbourne.” Otto Waschatz was a German plasterer who opened a plaster business in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond, and was responsible for the invention of the first true fibrous plaster - using a layer of hemp laid between plaster to create light and strong panels. By 1912 Waschatz's Lottoid Pty Ltd was a thriving and creative business, and possessed over 5,000 moulds for all kinds of plasterwork. The business closed in 1915, as the result of anti-German sentiment during World War One. Plaster cast of a hand used as a teaching aid at the Ballarat Technical Art School. The Victorian Education Department courses required art students to create studies based on ancient sculptures so copies of famous works were purchased as teaching aids. Among these courses were 'Drawing the Human Figure from Cast' and ‘Drawing from the Antique’. Waschatz, Modeller, Melbourneballarat school of mines, art, arts academy, ballarat technical art school, vikki nash, plaster cast, otto waschatz, lattoid pty ltd, school of mines, plaster copy, drawing from the antique, drawing the human figure from cast

This iron would have been used mostly by women either travelling, in hotel rooms etc, or on an occasion when only one or two small items were needed to be ironed. It has been superseded by electric irons. This is an attractive item and is retained as a fine example of a travel iron used about 90 years ago. This has a rectangular-shaped metal base with pointed ends (in the shape of a conventional ironing plate). The top of the plate is indented. A piece of metal (chrome-plated), with a hinged lid, partially slides out from the top of the plate and this is used to hold the meta tablets (methylated spirits) or coal. The top of this plate is used to extinguish any coals or flames. This piece of metal is partially enclosed in an open metal container. The wooden handle of the iron is affixed to the top of this container. ‘British Boudoir Iron’ ‘World Pats Granted or Appd for BCM WS4C’ household items, history of warrnambool

The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. The school inherited some casts from its predecessor institutions, and further consignments were purchased during the 1920s, including full length, bust and relief figures, as well as dozens of ornamental and architectural casts. Unfortunately, much of the collection was lost or destroyed in the late 1950s. This is one of the few surviving pieces, with TAFE students reportedly drawing from it into the twenty-first century. It was removed to the University's Historical Collection in 2012.White plaster cast of a woman with closed eyes. The cast is hollow, with an opening at the back. There is a metal wire at the back so it can hang on the wall.ballarat technical art school, ballarat school of mines, art, drawing, plaster, drawing the human figure from cast, drawing from the antique

Gem irons were heated before adding .The design was unchanged for many years.Cast iron gem scone iron, for 12 scones, painted blackgem irons