A Fresnel lens is a type of composite compact lens developed by the French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827) for use primarily in lighthouses.  Made from high-quality glass Fresnel lenses were used originally in lighthouses and later for many other applications They were later being used for automobile headlamps, brake, parking, and turn signal lenses, and many other applications. Fresnel lenses used in lighthouses were considered state of the art from the late 19th through to the middle of the 20th century. The subject item is a Fresnel replacement lens used in a ships navigation light. For lighthouses, these lenses have now been replaced with much less expensive and more durable aerobeacons, which themselves often contain plastic Fresnel lenses. The lens design allows the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional design. A Fresnel lens can be made much thinner than a comparable conventional lens, in some cases taking the form of a flat sheet. The simpler dioptric (purely refractive) form of the lens was first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel. The catadioptric form of the lens, entirely invented by Fresnel, has outer elements that use total internal reflection as well as refraction; it can capture more oblique light from a light source making the light visible from greater distances.The subject item at this time cannot be associated with a historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, the item is a replacement for a ships navigation light and it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Fresnel glass replacement lens for a navigation side lamp of a ship. Nonewarrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, fresnel lens, maritime light, ships navigation light, augustin-jean fresnel, lighthouse lenses, lighthouse, navigation, warning light

Spare spectacle lenses1 pair spectacle lenses - glasspersonal effects, seeing aids

A Fresnel lens is a type of composite compact lens developed by the French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827) for use primarily in lighthouses.  Made from high-quality glass Fresnel lenses were used originally in lighthouses and later for many other applications They were later being used for automobile headlamps, brake, parking, and turn signal lenses, and many other applications. Fresnel lenses used in lighthouses were considered state of the art from the late 19th through to the middle of the 20th century. The subject item is a Fresnel replacement lens used in a ships navigation light. For lighthouses, these lenses have now been replaced with much less expensive and more durable aerobeacons, which themselves often contain plastic Fresnel lenses. The lens design allows the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional design. A Fresnel lens can be made much thinner than a comparable conventional lens, in some cases taking the form of a flat sheet. The simpler dioptric (purely refractive) form of the lens was first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel. The catadioptric form of the lens, entirely invented by Fresnel, has outer elements that use total internal reflection as well as refraction; it can capture more oblique light from a light source making the light visible from greater distances.The subject item at this time cannot be associated with a historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, the item is a replacement for a ships navigation light and it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Fresnel round glass masthead replacement lens for a navigation lamp of a ship. Nonewarrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, fresnel lens, maritime light, ships navigation light, augustin-jean fresnel, lighthouse lenses, lighthouse, navigation, warning light

The power of the lens, +7.50 DS, suggests this might be a magnifying lens for near work rather than a quizzer for distance vision.Round gold rimmed quizzer with machine engraved lens rim. Turned ornamental stem with a small engraved swivelling ring at its end for a cord or ribbon. The lens is glass of power of +7.50 DS.

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes. They are normally used for vision correction or eye protection.The James family were early settlers in the Moorabbin ShireA pair of fine wire frames for eyeglasses with no glass lenseyes, spectacles, eye glasses, optometry, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers

Trial frames are used to hold trial spectacle lenses in front of the eyes to establish the spectacle refraction. This unit is able to hold 3 lenses in front of each eye. It is very complex for its early date.This trial frame is a rare example of a very complex early design which has survived in good condition. Complex nineteenth century trial frame: double lens clip to front rotated by long control knob. Single downward pointing lens clip to back. Bridge height and extension adjustable. Variable inter-pupillary distance calibrated in inches. Slide extending curl sides. Eye rims stamped:'PAT NOV.6.94 & PAT JUNE25.95'. Sides stamped:'PAT APR.30.95'optometry, eye examination, refraction, trial frame, spectacles

Builit in 1950s and used till the mid 1970s within the Physics Department used in Melbourne. John Rouse and David Caro was involved in the construction.Black and white photo of cyclotron (nuclear physics accelerator)Focusing lens generators. Duplicate of 201 Sticky typed labels on back from top and left to right: “FOCUSSING LENS GENERATORS”

Penleigh Boyd, Robin and Patricia Boyd's son, recalls that "Robin experimented with stereoscopic photography which, when viewed through either polaroid or red/green glasses, produced a three dimensional effect. A special double lens attachment with image splitting mirror was added in front of the normal camera lens to produce a double image similar to the image seen by each left and right eye". Robin experimented with stereoscopic photography when they lived in the 158 Riversdale Road Camberwell.Stereoscopic camera lens in a box with instructions in Japanese and Englishwalsh st miscellaneous, robin boyd

This camera was made for the mobile photographer and the camera manufacturer Kodak was at the peak of production. Mr. George Eastman, the company's founder, who invented roll film, which could withstand the outdoor activities and therefor replaced photographic plates. In 1900, the Box Brownie camera was first released Kodak's motto was' "You push the button, we do the rest," The film used in this camera was Kodak Verichrome 620 introduced in 1936 and only went out of production 2009. This camera was a vintage 1970s one. Between 1963 and 1970 the company sold 50 million of this type of camera. The production of smaller and more user friendly digital cameras, mainly from Japan finally nailed the coffin lid on the Kodak Company. Ironically, one of Kodak's engineers called Steve Sasson, devised a camera that could save images using electronic circuits. The images were transferred onto a tape cassette and were viewable by attaching the camera to a TV screen, however Kodak tried to maintain its photographic film products beyond its "use by date". In1975 Kodak becomes the first company to make a digital camera, however the Japanese manufacturers could make smaller and more compact cameras ending Kodak's monopoly and eventual demise.This particular "box brownie" was used by Margaret Shefford, nee Turner, who with her husband retired, in the 1980s, to Mount Beauty. The camera was purchased in the 197's and used on their cruise to England. The significance of this item is that at the time of its introduction to Mount Beauty the camera was a "state of the art", for general public, camera introduced by an ever increasing influx of retirees. This identifies the Kiewa Valley not only as an attraction for sightseers and overseas tourists but also retirees. The social implications of this trend will continue to provide a broader requirement for medical and other facilities geared up to the requirements of an aging population. As a lot of cities in Australia have increasing levels of violence (mainly drug related) rural "retreats" are becoming more sought after by sections of "the gentle populous"This is a black metal rectangular camera, rounded on the ends and has silver colored fittings(stainless steel) and a small leather handle on hinges the left side (facing the lens). The folding lens and shutter component fold out from the main compartment. Two metal arms swing out and hold the lens and collapsible lens body to the required length. When not in use this collapsible (folding) lens extension is fastened to the main body structure providing security and preventing damage to the folding material. The camera has a collapsible eye piece or view finder at the top end. The right hand bottom end has a cylindrical film wider (polished steel). Inside there are two cylindrical cavities, one holding the roll of unexposed film and the other (winder) end a cylinder onto which the unexposed film is wound through for each picture frame. There is a locking mechanism to hold the folding lens structure to the main box structure. See KVHS 0419B for its carrying caseNo external makings but when the lens is folded out it exposes manufacturing information on metal base around the lens " Kodette II B I shutter"(B= Bulb and I= Instant), underneath this, in larger print, is "'FOLDING 'BROWNIE' SIX - 20" below the lens and in smaller print, "made in Great Britain" and underneath this "by KODAK ltd"kodak kodette ii, folding brownie camera, photography, hobby personal item, tourist gadgets.

This French Service medal was awarded to F.J. Browne for service in the First World War tending to the wounded soldiers evacuated from France on hospital ships. The places inscribed on the medal are all in the Communaupole (Urban Area) of Lens-Liévin in the Pas de Calais where the broad plain and low hills of Artois saw some of the most savage and bloody fighting of World War I.Francis James Browne died in Sydney 1963. He had a long career in obstetrics and gynaecology. Summary of appointments include: General Practice in Wales, Maternity Department of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 1st director of obstetric unit, University College Hospital London. Retired and continued postgraduate teaching in London and NSW. Married to Grace Cuthbert, who was director of Maternal and Baby Welfare in NSW. A collection of objects found amongst Professor FJ Browne's papers were transferred from the Archives to the Museum collection in January 1994. A small round gold medal (.1) with presentation case (.2). The scene on the front of the medal depicts an ancient castle & surrounds with the rising sun in the background, and is inscribed "SUNT LACRYMAE RERUM". On the reverse is a figure of a winged woman against a cross, and the inscription "AUX HEROS", above a list of inscribed place names: "DE GARENCY, VIMY, ABLAIN, AVION, SOUCHEL, LENS, LORETTE, LOOS". The outside of the presentation case is maroon leather. There is a cream velvet mount for the medal and the inside of the lid of the case is lined with cream satin. "A. MAYEUR" is inscribed on both sides of the medal. "SUNT LACRYMAE RERUM", "AUX HEROS", "DE GARENCY, VIMY, ABLAIN, AVION, SOUCHEL, LENS, LORETTE, LOOS", "A.MAYEUR"numismatics, world war i, france, browne fj

Detached sector panel from upper lantern. The lens segment is one of a pair of freestanding panels that formerly stood on a platform in the upper lantern room on either side of a small fixed light. The platform rested above the 1860/62 Chance Bros. first order, fixed lens and could be accessed by a ladder. The two sector lens panels were each set in a bronze frame and comprised a curved wider (belt) piece in the centre with nine curved, slim line pieces above and below it (19 pieces in total). The belt aligned with the light source to provide optimal focus and range. The panels, the light and the platform were installed in 1934 to upgrade the original optical system with red warning lights. Fitting them above the lantern was a convenient and inexpensive way to do this, with each lens panel set up behind a red glass panel to project a red sector to the seaward over to Cape Howe and the Western Shore. The two sectors are likely to be Chance Bros. by manufacture although they do not appear to bear the maker’s name. This is probably because Chance Bros. typically fixed metal plaques to their apparatus and tended not to stamp smaller components such as their lens frames. It could possibly indicate that the two sectors are former components of a larger system, i.e. another lens. This can easily be confirmed by closely inspecting the bronze frames. A series of holes on the frame would indicate that ‘they would have bolted to other panels to make a larger lens assembly’. The absence of holes would confirm that ‘they were made specifically to stand alone’. The sector panels were removed from the Gabo lantern in February 1992. At some point after their removal, they were found in boxes marked with ‘Ince Pt.’, however it is thought that Ince Point lighthouse ‘never had … stand alone sectors’. The panel in the Gabo Island collection is one of two segments discovered at the Eden Killer Whale Museum in about 2007. One section was repatriated to Gabo Island and the other was to go to Smoky Cape Lighthouse in northern NSW. The Gabo lens segment has first level contributory significance for its historic value and provenance to the lantern room. It is recommended that Parks Victoria/AMSA seek to return the Smoky Cape segment to Gabo Island and reunite the sector panels.The Gabo lens segment has first level contributory significance for its historic value and provenance to the lantern room.Section of a lens from a lighting apparatus , rectangular louvers of glass enclosed in a metal frame.

This Kodak Autotime camera was patented in 1907. The Autotime Scale on the lens reduces the liability of error in exposure as it automatically indicates the proper time and stop opening for subjects under any condition of outdoor photography.Kodak patent May 1907 Automatic Exposure Scale. Rapid Rectilinear Bausch and Lomb Optical Co. Lens: Autotime settings around bottom of lens.camera, kodak, autotime

Owned by Newspaper photographer living in Wattle Park c 1960s.Possibly Nepera Brand, Name on Slide Boxes.1.A Wooden Case with a Sliding Rear Door for Projector. 2. Projector, Wood & Brass, Black Metal Box at rear for lamp & electric lead, spare lens inside. Brass lens holder & Focus adjuster at other end. 3. Wooden slide holder holds two slides, and fits between body and lens tube. 4. Spare lens marked 6 In EQUI with sliding collar. 5. 3 packs of glass slides. 4. Grey tin containing slides. Slides stored in .09.13.No 510324 on Lens Adjuster Ron.230577, 7in, Est 1816, Trade mark. London Made. Without name Australasia Pty Limited.photography, photographs / slides / film, projectors

How widely the prisoptometer was used is unclear but the Standard Optical Company later patented a new model, The Standard Prisoptometer, on June 21, 1904. Edward Jackson's crossed cylinder technique of determining astigmatism was first detailed in the Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society (1887)4:595-598. The convenience of Jackson's crossed cylinder lenses over the prisoptometer in weight, cost, portability and reliability meant that they were soon almost universally adopted.This is a rare item as few are known world wide.This instrument is an optometer, that is, a device to measure the refractive error of an eye. It is made of cast iron, steel, brass and glass. It contains a prism which could be rotated, and was used to view a disc or an object circle. The prism caused monocular doubling of the object circle and the separation of the two images varied as the prism rotated, depending on the astigmatism present. The axis of the astigmatism was indicated by the prisoptometer and trial lenses were used to determine the the magnitude of the spherical and cylindrical refractive errorImprinted:"DR CULBERTSON'S PRISOPTOMETER/ GENEVA OPTICAL COMPANY MAKERS, GENEVA, N.Y./ PATENTED SEPT, 21, 1886". Stamped "853" on eyepiece and lens mounting.optometry, prisoptometer, optometer, astigmatism, refractive error, refraction, culbertson

Used in the mid-seventies in petrology laboratories of BIAE.A petrographic optical microscope, with three objected lens turret. Black enameled frame, chrome components. Blonde polished wood storage box.TOWER No 19621. On frame self-adhesive sticker: "Ballarat CAE GEOLOGY"ballarat cae geology, microscope, petrographic microscope, scientific instruments, lens

These are the Lenses from the Klimsch Commodore Cartographic Camera that was located in Lithographic Squadron at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo. The KLIMSCH Commodore camera was originally introduced to the Survey Regiment in 1953 and was the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. It was replaced with a new model of the same size in 1977. These lenses are from this new model. The new model with its computer-based interface provided productivity gains with improved speed and its consistent results led to less wastage in time and materials. Its variomat lens system provided improved retention of map feature linear weights during the camera reduction process. The camera which was specially made for the Australian Army in Germany was fully automatic and power operated. It was claimed to be one of the biggest automatic cameras of its type in the world. It was made to the specifications of the Royal Australian Army Survey Corps to assist in the production of the very high standard maps for the Australian Army. THIS KLIMSCH COMMODORE CARTOGRAPHIC CAMERA was in operation 1977 - 1997". It was a Precision Darkroom Camera especially suited for Cartographic Reproduction of Line, Continous Tone, Halftone and Colour Separation. Reproduction of Negatives and Positives from a variety of Reflection or Transmission Originals. Its characteristics were: Maximum Negative Size 1.27m sq, Copy Holder (Vacuum) 2m sq, Maximum Enlargement 400%, Maximum Reduction 13%, Automatic 60, 90 and 120cm Focal Length Lens, Transmission or Reflection Originals, Pulsed Xenon, Photo Flood or Fluorescent Tube Light Source, Maximum Reflection Original 1.3m x 1.85m, Maximum Transmission Original 1.3m x 1.85m, Exposure Light Monitoring System." The camera was superseded by computerized image manipulation software associated with the Automap system. These significant and extremely high-quality Lenses were retrieved by WYCOMBE Constructions Pty Ltd during the demolishment of the camera in 1997 and then mounted on a display board. See also Item 6189.4P for more photographs of the camera.Lenses from the Klimsch Commodore Cartographic Camera mounted on a very heavy timber display board. The display board contains an engraved plate that describes the technical characteristics of the camera."KLIMSCH COMMODORE CARTOGRAPHIC CAMERA 1977 - 1997", "FUNCTION: Precision Darkroom Camera especially suited for Cartographic Reproduction of Line, Continous Tone, Halftone and Colour Separation. Reproduction of Negatives and Positives from a variety of Reflection or Transmission Originals." "CHARACTERISTICS: Maximum Neg Size 1.27m sq, Copy Holder 2m sq, Maximum Enlargement 400%, Maximum Reduction 13%, Automatic 60, 90, 120cm Focal Length Lens, Transmission or Reflection Originals, Pulsed Xenon, Photo Flood or Fluorescent Tube Light Source, Maximum Reflection Original 1.3m x 1.85m, Maximum Transmission Original 1.3m x 1.85m, Exposure Light Monitoring System." royal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr, litho

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes. They are normally used for vision correction or eye protection. A young boy’s frameless spectacles - 1 glass lens with gold style bridge with a stiffened cardboard spectacle case eyes, spectacles, eye glasses, optometry, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, schools

The Pentax Asahi Spotmatic camera is an SLR camera and was manufactured around 1960. An example of an early SLR camera.Black body with silver metal top . Three circular dials on the top with silver shutter button and winder. Base is silver with opening for battery. It has a screw on lens with lens cap . It has a thin plastic neck strap. It is quite a heavy Pentax Asahi on front near the lens . Spotmatic on front below shutter on the back Asahi OPT Co Japan.on top left 3588316 SPpentax asahi, pentax spotmatic, warrnambool history

This pretty folding silver lorgnette appears European in styling and may be French. The extensive scratching on the lenses indicates many years of use. This form of lorgnette was popular in the mid to late nineteenth century.This lorgnette is significant to the collection as one of the most ornate.Silver folding short handled lorgnette with pivoted bridge and ornamental loop handle. Round convex lenses badly scratched.lenses, glasses, lorgnette, folding spectacles

The Panther lamp was made by Powell and Hanmer of Birmingham. (see Item 7354) This model appears to be dated from the 1920's. Early models of the automobile, motorbike and bicycles used carbide lamps as headlamps. Acetylene gas, derived from carbide, enabled early automobiles to drive safely at night. Thick concave mirrors combined with magnifying lenses projected the acetylene flame light. These type of lights were used until reliable batteries and dynamos became available, and manufacturers switched to electric lights.Carbide Vehicle Lamp.-Silvered Metal, Lens Assembly . Small Green lens on both sides of the assembly, with a clear lens in front. 'Panther B'Ham' is stamped on the lower part of the assembly. In addition a Logo is Stamped with 'P H' and 'Ltd' under those letters. Carbide Gas section missing.Panther B'Ham

This camera has representative significance as a replica of a model used widely during the 1950's.Black box with handle, lens and film opening clip on upper face, view finder, lens open close shutter and winder on left hand side, Inner compartment opens outwardly with clip to store film. Yellow and red descriptive sticker on upper lid, Use Kodak 620 Films. Front face gray and sliver striped plate,Brownie Flash II Camera , Kodet Lens ,Kodak Australia Pty Ltd Melbourne Australiacamera, pictures, film, photography, kodak

These night driving spectacles are in a shape of frame fashionable for ladies in the 1950's. The position of the lens silvering shows that these are designed for use in right hand drive cars. These were an expensive item in their day. Their excellent condition and original cardboard box suggest that they may be unsold new old stock.No other example of these Nupronite night driving spectacles is known in any Australian collection.Boxed Nupronite night driving spectacles. Yellow flat plano glass lenses with silver mirror finish in wearer's upper right field of each lens (to minimise glare of oncoming lights). Tortoise-shell look cat's eye frame. In original cardboard box.On box:'Nuprosal/ Nupronite/ "CAT'S EYES" NIGHT DRIVING SPECTACLES OUTSTANDING IN DESIGN AND QUALITY/ MANUFACTURED BY OPTICAL CRAFTSMEN/ MADE IN ENGLAND BY NUPRO LONDON/ MODEL:CAT'S EYES/ LENSES:SUPER/ COLOUR:AUTUMN LEAF'. Price added by hand '2 pound 17/6'spectacles, glare, night driving, eye protection

Inside are two light sources, which illuminate the object to be projected. Usually this object would be a postcard, photo, or other printed matter, but objects such as coins or leaves could also be projected. The light is reflected through the lens, and the image is projected onto a wall or screen. The light sources are burners. (http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/721025/mirroscope-magic-lantern-projector-buckeye-stereopticon-co-1910) A lens sits at the front of a black metal box, with electricity lead. Inside two electric light bulbs illuminate the object to be projected (usually an image or printed matter), but objects such as coins or leaves could be projected. The light is reflected through the lens, and the image is projected onto a wall or screen. Focus is achieved by moving the telescoping lens tube in or out. The mirroscope includes an early electricity socket.projector, magic lantern, episcope, mirroscope, film, theatre, entertainment, movie

Edixa Reflex camera's introduced in 1954 were West Germany's most popular own series of S.L.R. (single lens reflex) with focal plane shutter. Type "B" with aperture release mechanics. The lens is a.Schacht Ulm 112712, with manual focus. Focal length = 50mm. Maximum. aperture = f/2.8, minimum aperture = f/22. Minimum focus 0.5m. It is a standard lens for 35mm cameras in the M42 mount and built for the Wirgin-Edixa cameras during 1950-1970's by Albert Schact in Ulm, W. Germany. A brown case in included.Front: WIRGIN / EDIXA REFLEX - B. Lens: A.SCHACHT ULM. 112712 / EXIDA-TRAVENAR 1:2,8/50 Bottom: WIRGIN WIESBADEN WEST-GERMANYcamera, film, 35mm slr

Owned by local, Margaret MitchellKodak Brownie Flash II Camera - box shape, black vinyl covering, with silver, grey front. Front has glass lens & 2 viewfinders. Back is hinged. Instruction Booklet includedFront of Camera: Kodak, Kodet Lens, Brownie Flash II Camera, Made in England by Kodak Ltd London photography, camera, box camera, brownie, kodak

The Baby-Max is a Japanese subminiature camera popular in the 1950s and 1960s. It was often sold in a pack containing the camera, case and boxes of Kikufilm Panchromatic, a film specialised for toy cameras. Each film took ten 14x14mm images on 17.5mm paper backed roll. It was manufactured by Tougodo, a Japanese camera maker, active from 1930 to the early 1960s. The film with this camera has an expiry date of November 1962.This item is significant due to its popularity in the 1950s and demonstration of the evolution of camera technology.The Baby-Max is a Japanese subminiature camera. It has an elongated body with polygonal ends. The viewfinder is integrated in the top casing. There is a knob on the photographer's right to roll the film and there is a small fake knob on the left. The back is hinged to the right and locked by a sliding bar on the left. It contains a single uncovered window in the middle. The lens has a fixed focus and aperture, and has no markings. There is a lever to operate the shutter. The case is of brown faux leather. It is accompanied by a box of KIKUFILM.Around the central lens: "BABY-MAX / MADE IN JAPAN"baby max camera, cameras, cameras 1950