General use of milk bottles is usually associated with the 20th century , with occasional late 19th century. Initially, milk was delivered in cans stacked upright in a wagon At each stop, someone, usually the wife of the house, would bring a pitcher or a pail to the wagon, and the milk man would ladle out the desired amount of milk. Needless to say, this practice was hazardous and unhealthy. The New York State Tuberculosis Association condemned the practice of selling “loose milk,” still being conducted in New York City in 1922, as a major cause for the spread of tuberculosis (Glass Container1922:8). It is probable that the delivery of milk in glass containers became universal shortly thereafter. General use of milk bottles is usually associated with the 20th century , with occasional late 19th century. Initially, milk was delivered in cans stacked upright in a wagon. At each stop, someone, usually the wife of the house, would bring a pitcher or a pail to the wagon, and the milk man would ladle out the desired amount of milk. Needless to say, this practice was hazardous and unhealthy. The New York State Tuberculosis Association condemned the practice of selling “loose milk,” still being conducted in New York City in 1922, as a major cause for the spread of tuberculosis (Glass Container1922:8). It is probable that the delivery of milk in glass containers became universal shortly thereafter. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Spotswood 1880 - 1990. made bottles for various companies. Milk cartons first came to Australia in 1958, when the Model Dairy in Melbourne began packaging milk in 150 ml and 500 ml cartons. At the time, 160,000 new glass bottles were needed in Melbourne alone every week to keep up the delivery of 1.3 million bottles of milk a day. In 1970, the blow-moulded disposable plastic milk bottle was introduced. In 1987, only about 2% of milk was still being sold in glass bottles. Glass milk bottles are now rare. A clear glass milk or cream bottle 'Imperial' 1/4 Pintaround base : IMPERIAL 1/4 PINTmelbourne, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, manufactured glass, milk bottles, dairy farmers, dairies

Displayed in History HouseGlass bottle with moulded words on side. Impressed semi-spherical pattern near neck, forming a marble and rubber ring stopper (marble still in bottle) (possibly Dobson Patent type).Front: E. Rowlands/Ballarat/Melbourne/Katoomba/and/Sydney.bottle, domestic

Johann August (John) Kruse was instrumental in the development of the pharmaceutical industry and pharmacy training in Victoria. He was a driving force behind the creation of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria and was appointed a founding member of the Society's inaugural council in 1857. He manufactured many pharmaceuticals and health products such as mineral waters and 'Kruse's Fluid Magnesia' (1863) which is still in use today. He later went on to produce insecticides and dynamite, then established his own analytical chemistry service. In 1878 Kruse established Victoria's first pharmacy training facility - the Melbourne School of Pharmacy. There pharmacy apprentices were taught chemistry, botany, materia medica and Latin, while country students could study by correspondence. The School was endorsed and monitored by the Pharmacy Board of Victoria to which Kruse was appointed in 1880. Kruse's pharmacy school was the forerunner of the Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, which remains Victoria's only pharmacy training institute. In 1853, shortly after qualifying as pharmacist at the University of Göttingen, Johann August (John) Kruse, moved to London. The medical practitioner Dr S. Weil sent Kruse to Victoria, Australia to manage a new pharmacy and tobacconist's shop which he was having built at 136 Bridge Rd in Richmond. In 1856 Kruse opened a second pharmacy 'John Kruse and Company Chemists and Druggists' at 207 Bourke Street. 1857 the Richmond shop was destroyed by fire, so all pharmaceutical production was moved to the Bourke St premises and later to his new location at 184 Bourke St.. Kruse was forced to sell his business in 1868 to Felton Grimwade and Company and work for them as manager of their chemical works. By the early 1870s he had regained financial independence so left the company to establish his own businesses again. He opened up a pharmacy at 31 Swanston St and in c1874 leased Victoria's premier natural springs, Clifton Springs, on the northern side of the Bellarine Peninsula, where he established a bottling plant. Suspensions of magnesium hydroxide in water, often called Milk of Magnesia, are used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid, and as a laxative. Milk of magnesia is sold for medical use as chewable tablets, capsules, and as liquids having various added flavours Kruses Fluid Magnesia 300ml Extralife Kruse’s Fluid Magnesia, Magnesium supplement. Rapidly absorbed, easily digested. Improves general well being, corrects magnesium deficiency. Helps relieve indigestion, when due to acidity. In 1878 Kruse established Victoria's first pharmacy training facility - the Melbourne School of Pharmacy, the forerunner of the Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, which remains Victoria's only pharmacy training institute. A glass bottle containing ‘Kruse’s’ Magnesia’ medicineKRUSE’S / PRIZE MEDAL / MAGNESIA/ K / FELTON-GRIMWADE & CO. MELBOURNE Directions for use ......glass works, pharmaceutical glass, pharmacy, kruse johann august (john), dr weil s, ., victorian college of pharmacy, monash university, university of göttingen, felton grimwade and company, magnesium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide

Picrotoxin is a bitter crystalline compound derived from the seed of an East Indian woody vine (Anamirta cocculus). It is a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant formerly used in barbiturate and other anaesthetic poisonings. Hexagon shaped amber glass bottle with red rubber stopper. There is an ivory coloured manufacturer's label with black printed text adhered to the front of the bottle, along with some handwritten notations. The bottle has powdery contents.Handwritten on manufacturer's label: PURE FIRST USED 8/10/64 •Moulded into base of bottle: T195respitaroty stimulalnt, t and h smith, barbiturate poisoning, edinburgh, blandfield chemical works

Joseph Reed was born in 1875 and came to Bendigo in 1900 after gaining experience at an aerated water factory in Melbourne. He built a new factory in Long Gully in 1906. He formed a partnership with his brother in 1908. By 1911 sales of aerated water were dropping dramatically so the brothers began making tomato sauce and moved into new premises - the old Bruce Cordial Factory in Bridge Street, Bendigo. Following Joseph's death, his share of the business was taken over by his son . The company was bought out in 1966 by Cohns.Small glass bottle smaller than full size REED BROS CRYSTAL CORDIAL WORKS BENDIGO. THIS BOTTLE IS THE PROPERTY OF REED BROS BENDIGObottle, glass, reed bros.