The artefact is a short cross-section of part of a functional part of a brass fitting that suspended a gas lamp, providing structural support, and internally, supplying the gas for its ignition. It combines elegant design with the elements required for safe and efficient delivery of gas. It was recovered from the LOCH ARD shipwreck site. There are similar artefacts in the Flagstaff Hill collection. The LOCH ARD left Gravesend (London) on 2 March 1878, bound for Melbourne, with a crew of 37, 17 passengers, and a diverse and valuable cargo of manufactured goods, luxury items, and refined metal. Some of the cargo was intended for Melbourne’s first International Exhibition to be held in 1880. At 3 am, 1 June 1878, the ship was wrecked against the high limestone cliffs of Mutton Bird Island on Victoria’s south west coast near Port Campbell. Only two people survived the disaster — Tom Pearce, a male crew member, and Eva Carmichael, a female passenger. The cargo proved too difficult to salvage in the vessel’s exposed condition and was largely written off. The manifest of goods in the LOCH ARD’s holds included “Fittings gas (4 cases)”. The gas lighting of streets, public buildings, and the dwellings of wealthier private citizens, was already well advanced in the cities and major towns of the Australian colonies. In 1841 Sydney was the first to be gas lit with 23 street lamps, 106 hotel lamps, and 200 private residences connected to the Darlinghurst “gasometer” by an underground network of metal pipes. “The dim days of oil and tallow are gone by!” pronounced one newspaper, flushed with civic pride. The 1850s Gold Rush promoted a similar attitude of confidence and affluence in the Colony of Victoria. In 1855 Melbourne was connected to its own system of subterranean gas pipes despite the same high rates of 25 shillings per 1000 cubic feet being charged, (reduced to 15 shillings in 1865 with cheaper sources of coal). By1858 Kyneton had its own gasworks to light the town (fuelled by eucalyptus leaves) and Geelong followed suit in 1860. Had the LOCH ARD reached its intended destination in 1878, it is probable that the 4 cases of brass gas light fittings on board would have found a ready market.The gas fitting is significant for its association with the LOCH ARD shipwreck, which is of State significance and is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register S417. The fitting is an example of a late 19th-century plumbing and light fitting.A pressed brass gas light fitting, recovered from the wreck of the LOCH ARD. The elegant and functional fitting extends from an ornate 8cm diameter ceiling flange, and comprises two short lengths of fluted column pipe with a brass joiner that are severed (cut off) at the end. Within this decorative outer layer of 3cm diameter is a full length brass tube liner, which is in turn protecting a narrow 0.75cm copper gas pipe that also runs full length. The artefact is generally unrestored with reddish/cream sandstone concretion, but is in good condition.warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, flagstaff hill maritime museum, shipwreck artefact, maritime museum, gas lamps, gas lighting, gas works, brass fittings, gas pipes, loch ard, 1878 shipwreck, victorian affluence, colonial gas lighting

This artefact is a functional, non-decorative fitting that essentially transports gas from a wall attachment to a lamp. It is a brass and copper gas lamp fitting, designed to direct and control the flow of gas from a flanged wall fitting to an exit nozzle that was lit. It was raised from the LOCH ARD shipwreck site by Flagstaff Hill divers in 1972. Related pieces can be found in the Maritime Village collection. The LOCH ARD left Gravesend (London) on 2 March 1878, bound for Melbourne, with a crew of 37, 17 passengers, and a diverse and valuable cargo of manufactured goods, luxury items, and refined metal; some of which was to be on show at Melbourne’s first International Exhibition in 1880. At 3 am, 1 June 1878, the ship was wrecked against the high limestone cliffs of Mutton Bird Island on Victoria’s southwest coast near Port Campbell. Only two people survived the disaster — Tom Pearce, a male crew member, and Eva Carmichael, a female passenger. The cargo proved too difficult to salvage in the vessel’s exposed condition and was largely written off. The manifest of goods in the LOCH ARD’s holds included “Fittings gas (4 cases)”. The gas lighting of streets, public buildings, and the dwellings of wealthier private citizens were already well-advanced in the cities and major towns of the Australian colonies. In 1841 Sydney was the first to be gas-lit with 23 street lamps, 106 hotel lamps, and 200 private residences connected to the Darlinghurst “gasometer” by an underground network of metal pipes. “The dim days of oil and tallow are gone by!” pronounced one newspaper, flushed with civic pride. The 1850s Gold Rush promoted a similar attitude of confidence and affluence in the Colony of Victoria. In 1855 Melbourne was connected to its system of subterranean gas pipes despite the same high rates of 25 shillings per 1000 cubic feet being charged, (reduced to 15 shillings in 1865 with cheaper sources of coal). By1858 Kyneton had its gasworks to light the town (fuelled by eucalyptus leaves) and Geelong followed suit in 1860. Had the LOCH ARD reached its intended destination in 1878, the four cases of brass gas light fittings on board would probably have found a ready market.The LOCH ARD shipwreck is of State significance — Victorian Heritage Register S417. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. This pipe is a gas lamp fitting. This extensively corroded fitting is made of brass and copper alloy. It comprises a 31 cm copper pipe of 1.5cm diameter which is connected to a 6.5cm diameter wall flange (via a flow tap and an adjustable swivel valve) at one end, and to a screw-in square coupling with a nozzle or gas jet at the other end. The copper pipe is dented and corroded and has three holes. The brass attachments are a more robust cast metal but the adjustable mechanisms are concreted into immobility by ocean sediment. No discernible maker’s marks. In unrestored but fair condition. The pipe with the fitting was recovered from the wreck of the LOCH ARD.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, gas lamps, gas lighting, gas works, brass fittings, gas pipes, loch ard, 1878 shipwreck, victorian affluence, colonial gas lighting

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 19th January, 1931 between R.L. Priest (seller) and F.S. Shepherd & C.A. Shepherd (buyer) for land situate Epsom Road, Eaglehawk Flat, being conditional purchase lease of special settlement area land from the Crow, entered in the register book volume 1001 folio 200107, allotments 152B and 152C section N, containing 15 acres no roods 27 perches at the present occupied by Mr. Hummel as tenant. Together with 5-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 250 poundsorganization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 25th January, 1932 between A.P. Booth (seller) and C.L.H. Seymour (buyer) for land situate 32 Condon Street, Bendigo being Crown allotment 250 section H described in certificate of title volume 5433 folio 1086448, together with 6-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also gas stove, gas copper, bath heather, electric light fittings, shaving cabinet, duck blind on sleep out, gas fire in front room, clothes line, built-in presses, wire doors and wire screens on windows. Price 825 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 17th March, 1932 between E.F. Fagan & H.R. Fagan (sellers) and M. Scott (buyer) for land situate 69 Neale Street Bendigo being Crown allotment 102, section H described in certificate of title volume 4451 folio 890162, together with 5-roomed weatherboard and brick dwelling and all sundry. Price 300 pounds. Vendor copy.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 17th March, 1932 between E.F. Fagan & H.R. Fagan (sellers) and M. Scott (buyer) for land situate 69 Neale Street Bendigo being Crown allotment 102, section H described in certificate of title volume 4451 folio 890162, together with 5-roomed weatherboard and brick dwelling and all sundry. Price 300 pounds. Office copy.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 6th July 1932 between Bendigo Mutual Permanent Land and Building Society (seller) and J. Shade (buyer) for land situate Wood Street, California Gully, at present occupied by Mrs. Dumble as tenant, containing three roods thirty-five and two-tenths perches, having a frontage of 500 links to Wood Street by a depth of 193 links being Crown allotment 1 section P described in Crown grant volume 2129 folio 425693, together with 5-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also ''Lux'' wood fire stove, bath and venetian blinds. Price 340 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 30th September, 1932 between C.R.Dumble (seller) and L,M. Shepherd (buyer) for land situate No.211 Forest Street, Bendigo being part of Crown allotment 367, section K described in certificate of title volume 2540 folio 507813, together with weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 160 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 17th October, 1932 between A.G. McKenzie (seller) and G.A. Smith (buyer) for land situate No.39 Hill Street, Bendigo being residence area allotment 447 section K, together with weatherboard dwelling and all sundry.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

conditions of sale by private contract dated 15th May, 1933 between J.A. Nash (seller) and F.A. Stacpoole (buyer) for piece of land situate No.133 Sternberg Street,, and Skene Street, Bendigo being allotment 9 and 3 section 39C described in certificate of title volume 1361 folio 272162 and certificate of title volume 3263 folio 652414, together with 10-roomed brick and weatherboard dwelling and shop with street verandah, also gas stove, copper, troughs and bath. Also the complete stock and plant and goodwill of the vendor's butchering business carried on from above shop and premises. Price 1,150 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 21st July, 1933 between L.G. Thirlwell (seller) and M.B. Simmons (buyer) for land having a frontage of about 109 feet to Hargreaves Street, Bendigo by a depth of 166 feet being the land described in residence area certificate no. 33019 in the books of the Mining Registrar at Bendigo, together with 6-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 235 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 28th January, 1934 between Mrs S.B. Larsen (seller) and A.E. Stevenson for land situate No.43 Breen Street, Bendigo being the land described in residence area certificate No. 32484 in the books of the mining registrar at Bendigo, together with 4-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also one ''Liverpool'' gas stove as inspected. Price 400 pounds. Attached a letter dated 23rd March, 1934 from the Bendigo Mutual Permanent Land and Building Society addressed to H.A. Wilkinson re: account Mrs. S. Larsen, acknowledging receipt of letter dated 22nd advising on behalf of Mrs. Larsen of sale of property at 43 Breen Street and of receipt of contract.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 20th May, 1935 between Mrs. E.A. Adams (seller) and Miss M. Shearer (buyer) for land situate 43 Jackson Street, Long Gully being Crown allotment 181 section A and described in certificate of title volume 5564 folio 1112609, together with 4-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 190 pounds. Also 2 receipts from City of Bendigo for rates.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 29th May, 1935 between A.W. Jordan (seller) and H. Stanyer (buyer) for land situate No.45 Abbott Street, Bendigo, together with 4-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 275 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 31st May, 1935 between Mr. E.T. Thomas (seller) and Mrs. A.M. Smyth for land, as fenced, situate corner Hargreaves and Wattle Streets, Bendigo, being Crown allotment 25 section 97C described in certificate of title volume 1662 folio 332318. Also land adjoining the above, together with 6-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 435 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 14th October, 1935 between W.G. Brooks (seller) and W.A. Swift the Younger (buyer) for land situate No. 293 King Street, Bendigo being Crown allotment 2 section 43A described in Crown grant volume 3020 folio 603887, together with weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also electric light fittings, bath, copper and troughs. Price 255 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 5th June, 1936 between W.J. McMahon (seller) and N.L. Svanosio (buyer) for land situate No. 64 Neale Street, Bendigo being parts of Crown allotments 200 and 201A section H, being the whole of the land remaining untransferred in certificate of title volume 4300 folio 859955, together with 5-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 400 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 4th August, 1936 between Executrix of the will of S.A. Burren Deceased (seller) and Mrs. E.M. Selkirk (buyer) for that piece of land situate No.317 McIntyre Street, Long Gully being the land described in residence area right No. 323, together with 4-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also all window blinds, curtains, linos on the floors and electric light fittings. Price 210 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 10th February, 1937 between D.J. Gaughwin (seller) and Mrs. I. Spooner (buyer) for land situate No. 27 Hamlet Street, Bendigo being Crown allotment 5 section 98C being land described in certificate of title volume 1681 folio 336040, together with 5-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also gas stove, all roller blinds, electric light fittings e globes, wire doors, wire screens and both heaters. Price 625 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 13th September, 1937 between Mrs. F.P. Armstrong (seller) and C.M.F. Skilbeck (buyer) for land situate 106 Thistle Street, Bendigo being part of Crown allotment 14 section 16B described in certificate of title volume 4386 folio 877150, together with 4-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 300 pounds. Office copy.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 13th September, 1937 between Mrs. F.P. Armstrong (seller) and C.M.F. Skilbeck (buyer) for land situate 106 Thistle Street, Bendigo being part of Crown allotment 14 section 16B described in certificate of title volume 4386 folio 877150, together with 4-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 300 pounds. Vendor's copy.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 26th October, 1937 between J.B. Edwards (seller) and G.F. Sansom (buyer) for land situate ''Hazelbrae'' Corner Russell and Hamlet Streets, Bendigo and occupied by tenant, having a frontage of 82 feet 6 inches to Russell street by a depth of 68 feet 6 inches to Hamlet Street and being part of Crown allotment 22 section 74Cand described in certificate of title volume 3289 folio 657653, together with 5-roomed brick and weatherboard dwelling and all sundry.. Price 465 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 11th January, 1938 between Mrs. E. Banninger (seller) and Mrs. M.M. Spicer (buyer) for land situate in Wood Street, Long Gully, being Crown allotment 1 section P described in Crown grant volume 2129 folio 425693, together with 5-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry, also bath, cement troughs and copper, wire doors, three venetian blinds, built in wardrobe, and vendor's interest in poultry pens built on land adjoining the above freehold, also all poultry and poultry farm equipment as per schedule on page 2. Price 550 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 20th May, 1938 between G. Earl Snr. (seller) and Mrs. M.A. Speechley (buyer) for land situate No.144 Victoria Street, Ironbark, being the land described in right to occupy residence area No. 4785, together with 4-roomed weatherboard dwelling, brick and concrete kitchen and all sundry. Also copper and stand, electric light fittings, wire doors and window screens. Price 210 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 2nd March, 1939 between H.A. Wilkinson (seller) and Mrs. C.M. Stevens (buyer) for land situate No. 1 Carolin Street, Bendigo being part of Crown allotment 217 section H being land described in certificate of volume 6129 folio 1225728, together with 4-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also gas stove and all wire window screens. Price 650 pounds. Vendor's copy.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 2nd March, 1939 between H.A. Wilkinson (seller) and Mrs. C.M. Stevens (buyer) for land situate No. 1 Carolin Street, Bendigo being part of Crown allotment 217 section H being land described in certificate of volume 6129 folio 1225728, together with 4-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also gas stove and all wire window screens. Price 650 pounds. Office copy.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 7th March, 1939 between J.A. Robertson (seller) and A.E. Simms (buyer) for land situate Prowse Road, Bendigo, at present occupied by Mrs. Harbour as tenant, being the land described in right to occupy residence area No. 190. Also all the vendor's right, title and interest to the land as fenced adjoining the above mentioned property, together with 5-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 250 pounds. Attached copy of application to register a Lienorganization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 8th March, 1940 between Mrs. G.J. Wilkinson (seller) and R. and A.M.B. Seeber (buyers) for land situate Panton Street, Golden Square, being Crown allotment 1 section 6A land described in certificate of title volume 3571 folio 750198, together with 5-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Price 350 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private sale dated 10th April, 1940 between W.V.O. Earl (seller) and C.M.F. Skilbeck (buyer) for land situate No.148 Booth Street, Bendigo, being the land described in right to occupy residence area No.4501. Also all the vendor's right, title and interest in that piece of land adjoining the above mentioned land described in permissive occupancy title no. W.52845, together with 5-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also bath, copper and troughs. Price 175 pounds. Attached 5 receipt issued by Department of Lands and Survey plus 2 receipt from City of Bendigo for rates. Vendor's copy.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Conditions of sale by private sale dated 10th April, 1940 between W.V.O. Earl (seller) and C.M.F. Skilbeck (buyer) for land situate No.148 Booth Street, Bendigo, being the land described in right to occupy residence area No.4501. Also all the vendor's right, title and interest in that piece of land adjoining the above mentioned land described in permissive occupancy title no. W.52845, together with 5-roomed weatherboard dwelling and all sundry. Also bath, copper and troughs. Price 175 pounds. Attached Insurance cover issued by The United Insurance Company Ltd for above property. Office copy.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate