Text of illustrated talk to BHS (27/5/2005) by Geoff Russell ''Fixing Bendigo's Big Stink'' Three pages covering the drainage and sewerage problems and solutions of Bendigo (and creeks) in the period from the early 1850s through to the 1920s. (Note: no images). Bendigo Sewerage Authority (BSA) inaugurated 1917.document, names of bendigo pioneers, bendigo's sewer scheme, bendigo sewer. s. gordon moore. cr james curnow. william beebe.

Citrated blood was introduced by the Americans in 1917. This allowed blood administration to be delayed for up to two hours but there were many problems with transport, storage and infection in these early experimental days. This bottle contains ACD Solution (Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose Solution) for ensuring blood doesn't coagulate during storage.Clear glass bottle with white [discoloured] label on the front with red printed text. The bottle contains a yellowish solution. The metal screw-top lid has been covered with brown paper and a black rubber tie is draped around the shoulder of the bottle.anticoagulant, citrate, dextrose, transfusion

The College’s spray was one of the first pieces of surgical memorabilia to come into the possession of the College. It had been used in the Listerian wards of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and was presented , along with some other artefacts, by James Hogarth Pringle in 1930. Joseph Lister (1827-1912) is known as a father of modern surgery. His methods of preventing infection were controversial in their time, but are today recognized as a major advance in the practice of surgery. Lister’s life and achievements are too well known to be recounted here. The definitive biography was written by his nephew, Sir Rickman Godlee (PRCSE 1911-13), and published in 1917. Douglas Guthrie gives an glimpse of Lister at work: “...He never wore a white gown and frequently did not even remove his coat, but simply rolled back his sleeves and turned up his coat collar to protect his starched collar from the cloud of carbolic spray in which he operated...” From advances in bacteriology, and discoveries by Robert Koch and others, it became increasingly evident that airborne bacteria were not a significant contributor to sepsis in surgical wounds. They also demonstrated that the body had its own defences against invading organisms, which were seriously compromised by the effects of the carbolic spray. Gradually the use of the spray was curtailed, Lister himself finally abandoning it in 1887. Lister performed the first antiseptic operation, the dressing and splintage of a compound fracture of the lower leg, in 1865. At this time he used carbolic solution by application, and dressings soaked in the solution. The spray was developed later, after many different methods, including carbolic and linseed oil putty, had been tried in order to reduce the harmful side-effects of undiluted carbolic acid. The steam spray was developed in 1869, and announced to the medical world in 1871. Lister’s purpose in adopting the spray was to kill airborne bacteria in the vicinity of the operation before they could reach the patient. It came to be used all over the world for many years. However, it had serious disadvantages, which even Lister acknowledged. The principal problem was the inhalation of carbolic vapour by everyone in the vicinity, including the patient and the operator. In addition, if the patient had been anæsthetized using chloroform, the gas lights decomposed the vapour into chlorine gas, making any procedure an ordeal of endurance.The spray consists of a steam boiler heated by a wick, a nozzle for the steam to escape, and a glass jar for the carbolic solution. Fuel for the wick is carried in a tank at the base. Valves regulate the pressure of the steam, and the nozzle is adjustable. The boiler is made of cast iron, the fittings are brass, and the handles are of wood. Empty, the apparatus weighs 8 lbs (3.2 kg). lister, carbolic spray, antiseptic

A workable solution to the worst problem of our timevietnam war, 1961-1975 - participation, american

A wrkable solution to the worst problem of our timevietnam war, 1961-1975 - participation, american

Notes for a talk - how can we solve the problem of sprawl? We have to find our own answers, not solutions provided by others.Talk notesHandwritten (pen), quarto, 1 (folded, part of a page) pageMiss. Swinchatt' written in pencil on back of folded pagevon hertzen, reston, elliston, prefabrication, le corbusier, sprawl, robin boyd, manuscript

WARM was a community textile art project that saw over 250 knitters come together to create a beautiful collage tapestry. Made entirely from wool, the artwork contains more than 1000 individual hand knitted sections. The project takes aim at global warming, it highlights both the causes and solutions for us to create a sustainable and safe climate for future generations. Lisa Kendal, the co-creator of the project, said “One of the problems in the world is that we have forgotten how to warm ourselves with wool. We have become too dependent on fossil fuels (for heating)”. This is the key idea surrounding the project. WARM began as two large scale images created by Lars Stenberg. The first image is a landscape scarred by coal mining. The second image is the same landscape only many decades later. Regeneration and regrowth have taken over the landscape and hidden the past coal mine completely. In its place is a beautiful landscape including trees, native flowers, a lake, lots of greenery and wind turbines. From March to the end of August in 2016, knitters worked hard to create the over one thousand pieces that came together to form the final tapestry. The pieces were all designed by Fibre Artist Georgie Nicolson of Tikki Knitting Designs, who converted the second image of the healed landscape into patterns for the 250 plus knitters to follow. These patterns included unusual designs such as gum leaves, trees, native flowers and even the wind turbines. During several days of installation, the knitted pieces were stitched together by Lars Stenberg over a picture of the first image of the operational coal mine. They worked to create the second image of the renewed landscape; like an enormous collage. The WARM project was donated to the National Wool Museum in 2021. It was a much-loved hanging within the Ballarat Hospital for many years before coming to the museum. More information about the project can be found on the following website. http://www.seam.org.au/warm The tapestry is made from 1000+ hand knitted sections stitched together to make an image. In the foreground of this image is a large gum tree that stretches from the bottom left to the top right corner. The trunk of this tree follows the left edge of the tapestry, with foliage from the gum tree spanning its top border. The bottom third of the tapestry is predominantly green grass with yellow, pink and red flowers providing sporadic colour. The middle third encompasses a lake, with orange colours surrounding the banks of the water as opposed to the green grasses of the bottom third. To the right of the lake are wind turbines. The top third of the tapestry is blue sky with white clouds. It also contains the previously described gum tree leaves. Each piece of the tapestry is 100% wool and was hand knitted and stitched together. The Tapestry is accompanied by an oil painting on canvas. It is a painting that matches the tapestry and served as a template for the final tapestry. Finally, the tapestry is accompanied by another pointing on wood board. This final panting is of a coal mine. This is the setting before regeneration and regrowth have reclaimed this site, which is the theme captured in the final tapestry. In the foreground of the coal mine painting is the same gum tree described in the tapestry; however, it is grey and sickle with only 4 leaves visible at the top border, compared to the numerous leaves in the tapestry. Also in the foreground is a broken barb wire fence adding to the unwelcoming nature of the site. The colour scheme of this image is of dark greys and browns. A coal fired power plant can be seen in the final third of the image with four chimneys emitting plumes of smoke into the sky. In front of this power plant is the spiral shape of a coal mine, burrowing deep into the earth’s crust. Inside of the coal mine 3 yellow trucks are seen mining and transporting coal to the top of the mine.warm, community textile tapestry, knitting, community artwork, global warming

Various combined documents related to a regional Centre for the Performing Arts - comprises Draft letter from ''Bendigo Branch of A.C.A.'' sent to all councillors of Bendigo, Huntly, Marong, Strathfieldsaye, Bendigo Trust and Members of Parliament (with handwritten annotations/unsigned); Notes on the Arts Council Theatre Project (''this office has been engaged on this project since June 1972 and working on the proposal to use the present site since September 1973'' (with handwritten annotations); ''Thoughts of Robert Herriot and Jack Cannon about the possibility of engaging a Community Arts Promotion Officer for Bendigo'' (with handwritten annotation from Bob H referring to''tape made in the car in Canberra 2/8/74''; City of Bendigo - Consultants Brief in connection with the preparation of a report of own Planning problems and solutions in the central business area of the City of Bendigo (''submissions in accordance with this brief by 30th April 1974'').

Y2K / the year 2000 / The millennium bug / was commonly used to refer to a widespread computer programming shortcut that was expected to cause extensive havoc as the year changed from 1999 to 2000. Instead of allowing four digits for the year, many computer programs only allowed two digits (e.g., 99 instead of 1999). As a result, there was immense panic that computers would be unable to operate at the turn of the millennium when the date descended from "99" to "00". The Bug presented a formidable challenge to the problem-solving skills of local government officials. Lacking a cure-all that will work for every municipality, local officials must develop their own solutions to meet their community's unique needs. At the same time, the Y2K bug provided a once-in-a-millennium leadership opportunity for local officials who understood that they are the key to preparing their communities for any issues.Hard drive mounted in an alaminium case with glass window front and back.Presented to Greater Bendigo City Council / by Hon, Roger Hallam. MLC / Minister for Finance / and / Hon, Robert Maclellan. MLA / Minister for Planning and Local Government / on 21 June. 1999 / In recognition of being the first Victorian Council / to be Y2k compliantmillennium bug

Frost pots were used by orchardists to protect ripening fruit from the effects of frost. The drum base was filled with sump oil and set out in the orchard and set alight on frosty nights. These frost pots were used by Norris' orchards. It was not unusual for the Police to have to close the Midland Highway due to the dense clouds of billowing smoke emanating from this orchard when frost was expected.A local solution to a basic problem of the Harcourt Horticultural industry.Frost Pot rounded base with sliding opening on lid and galvanised iron chimney with perforations.

The Coolgardie safe was invented in the late 1890s on the Western Australian goldfields. Its invention was credited to a local contractor named Arthur Patrick McCormick. It was a practical system to preserve food prior to modern refrigeration. The wire grid kept the food safe from vermin and allowed breeze to blow through. It was often covered with wet hessian so that as the breeze circulated the water evaporated, creating the same concept as coolant in modern refrigerators and ice boxes. In most respects it was a variation of the bushman’s hessian bag hanging in a tree. In larger towns and cities during this time period large "ice works" could deliver block ice to areas that required a form of refrigeration. These ice blocks where held in early refrigerators to keep perishables cool. In isolated or rural households, the Coolgardie or meat safe was the next best, practical solution for food preservation. This safe was used in the home of the Conway family in Wodonga.This item is very significant to the Wodonga region as it represents the initiative and problem solving skills of the early settlers. It also reflects the primitive conditions in which they lived before the arrival of more modern services such as electricity.Meat safe or Coolgardie safe manufactured in Australia. This safe is made from metal and has been painted in green paint. 2 sides of the safe have a pattern of 6 squares of holes to allow for ventilation and air flow. The holes would also guard against insects and other vermin. There is one shelf inside, dividing it into 2 sections. The safe has a hook attached so that it can be suspended, often from a tree or on a verandah to increase air flow. The safe would often be covered by wet hessian to promote further cooling and preservation of foods such as milk, butter and meat.coolgardie safe, food preservation, pioneers innovation

Report - 152 pages + light card brown covers, bound with plastic pin binding, "Towards the Maximisation of Transport Opportunities in Region 14", dated July 1978, Author Bernard McNamara, looking at transport in the Shire of Eltham, Cities of Heidelberg and Northcote. Looks at factors affecting public transport, existing services, problems, possible solutions, initiatives and recommended actions. Includes a table of contents, maps, appendices.On top front cover "Copy for AETA Victorian Division"trams, tramways, public transport, northcote, minister for transport

Index, bib, maps, p.331.non-fictionIn A Very Public Solution, Paul Mees compares Melbourne's public transport system with the highly successful system in Toronto - a 'dispersed' city very like Melbourne with its suburban sprawl - and sheds new light on a century-old debate." "A Very Public Solution is for everyone concerned with urban sustainability and our growing traffic problems.urban transportation - melbourne, local transit - melbourne, local transit - ontario