Possible stone axehead made of limestone with fractures aboriginal, stone tool, stone, axe, axehead, limestone, archaeology

From 'Savage Life and scenes in Australia and New Zealand' by George French Angas.george french angus, aborigines, aboriginal, carving, rock carving, point piper, sydney

Aboriginal children in remote communities have the lowest rates of success in school. The reasons for the lack of success are well known, and mainly lie outside of the schools and their programs. Education authorities have made some poor choices in the past. They have not enforced the necessary discipline on children to attend school, and they have placed cultural sensitivity above the needs of the child to cope in the modern economy. More recently they have begun to concentrate on programs in literacy and numeracy, but success is limited because of the perverse incentives of other government initiatives. These initiatives have been blind to the need to deal with the absence of an economy in remote areas, and the absence of a work ethic among Aborigines who are welfare dependent. The absence of the work ethic and the absence of work have severely constrained the returns on the investment in Aboriginal education. The correct policy response to failure at school will be determined not simply by additional programs at school, but by how various issues of transition to the real economy - work, individual obligation, mobility - are managed. The transition will be better managed if educators and governments understand that education is essentially an instrument in economic integration, and that many remote communities are not viable, and where they are not schools should not be used as pawns to keep them afloat. Moreover, educators and governments should understand that western education cannot and should not preserve Aboriginal culture. Most importantly, parents' behaviour needs to change and where incentives to send children to school fail, compulsion must be used.school programs, education policy, literacy and numeracy, employment outcomes

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinson's journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductions, b&w illustrationsgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinson's journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductions, b&w illustrations, tables, word listsgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinson's journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductions, b&w illustrations, tablesgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinson's journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductions, b&w illustrations, tablesgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinsons journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductionsgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

Aboriginal Words of Australia, reference book of aboriginal words, 144 pages.A.H. & A.W. Reedaboriginal, language

Lower section of a grinding stone, with 32 excess flakes. Evidence of green paint on the bottom section.grinding stone, grind stone, aboriginal, aborigines, tools, flakes, archaeology, stone tools

Conglomerate silcrete stone with sharp edge, Red is iron staining - hematite, possibly found in drier areas stone, aboriginal, silcrete, hematite, haematite, stone tools, archaeology, aborigines

The Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape - Tyrendarra Area on the Australian National Heritage List lies on the Tyrendarra lava flow between the Fitzroy River and Darlot Creek close to the township. These photographs were taken during a guided tour with Gunditjmara guide Dennis Rose. Remains of stone shelters built and used by the Gunditj Mirring people.rock shelter, aboriginal, aborigines, tyrendarra, winda mara, dennis rose, budj bim national heritage landscape, gunditjmara

The Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape - Tyrendarra Area on the Australian National Heritage List lies on the Tyrendarra lava flow between the Fitzroy River and Darlot Creek close to the township. The Budj Bim Cultural Landscape was ascribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List on 06 July 2019 (AEST). These photographs were taken during a guided tour with Gunditjmara guide Dennis Rose.Remains of stone shelters built and used by the Gunditj Mirring people.rock shelter, aboriginal, aborigines, tyrendarra, winda mara, rock hut, gunditjmara, unesco world heritage

"Aboriginal approaches to the naming of places across Australia differ radically from the official introduced Anglo-Australian system. However, many of these earlier names have been incorporated into contemporary nomenclature, with considerable reinterpretations of their function and form. Recently, state jurisdictions have encouraged the adoption of a greater number of Indigenous names, sometimes alongside the accepted Anglo-Australian terms, around Sydney Harbour, for example. In some cases, the use of an introduced name, such as Gove, has been contested by local Indigenous people." "The 19 studies brought together in this book present an overview of current issues involving Indigenous placenames across the whole of Australia, drawing on the disciplines of geography, linguistics, history, and anthropology. They include meticulous studies of historical records, and perspectives stemming from contemporary Indigenous communities. The book includes a wealth of documentary information on some 400 specific placenames, including those of Sydney Harbour, the Blue Mountains, Canberra, western Victoria, the Lake Eyre district, the Victoria River District, and southwestern Cape York Peninsula." -- Publisher description. Contents: Introduction: Old and new aspects of Indigenous place-naming /? Harold Koch and Luise Hercus NSW &? ACT: 1. Aboriginal placenames around Port Jackson and Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia: sources and uncertainties /? Val Attenbrow 2. Reinstating Aboriginal placenames around Port Jackson and Botany Bay /? Jakelin Troy and Michael Walsh 3. The recognition of Aboriginal placenames in New South Wales /? Greg Windsor 4. New insights into Gundungurra place naming /? Jim Smith 5. The methodology of reconstructing Indigenous placenames: Australian Capital Territory and south-eastern New South Wales /? Harold Koch Victoria: 6. Toponymic books and the representation of Indigenous identities /? Laura Kostanski 7. Reviving old Indigenous names for new purposes /? Laura Kostanski and Ian D. Clark 8. Reconstruction of Aboriginal microtoponymy in western and central Victoria: case studies from Tower Hill, the Hopkins River, and Lake Boga /? Ian Clark South Australia &? Central Australia: 'Aboriginal names of places in southern South Australia': placenames in the Norman B.Tindale collection of papers /? Paul Monaghan 10. Why Mulligan is not just another Irish name: Lake Callabonna, South Australia /? J.C. McEntee 11. Murkarra, a landscape nearly forgotten: the Arabana country of the noxious insects, north and northwest of Lake Eyre /? Luise Hercus 12. Some area names in the far north-east of South Australia /? Luise Hercus 13. Placenames of central Australia: European records and recent experience /? Richard Kimber Northern Australia: 14. Naming Bardi places /? Claire Bowern 15. Dog-people: the meaning of a north Kimberley story /? Mark Clendon 16. 'Where the spear sticks up': the variety of locatives in placenames in the Victoria River District, Northern Territory /? Patrick McConvell 17. 'This place already has a name' /? Melanie Wilkinson, Dr R. Marika and Nancy M. Williams 18. Manankurra: what's in a name? placenames and emotional geographies /? John J. Bradley and Amanda Kearney 19. Kurtjar placenames /? Paul Black.Maps, b&w photographs, tables, word listsaustralian placenames, sociolinguistics, linguistics, anthropology, sydney harbour placenames, blue mountains placenames, canberra placenames, western victoria placenames, lake eyre placenames, victoria river district placenames, cape york peninsula placenames

The collection of artefacts formely belonged to the writers father, J.M. Marshall of Sturt Street. He was born and lived in Ballarat most of his life, and was interested in the Ballarat School of Mines Museum during the era of Professor Alfred Mica Smith. The response to this letter foreshadows the closure of the Ballarat School of Mines Museum. Alan Sonsee of the Ballarat Teachers' College was a Field Naturalist and collector of Aboriginal artefacts, and may have been associated with the decision. Handwritten letter from Jessie Marshall of Adelaide offering a collection of Australian "Native Weapons and Curios" to the Ballarat School of Mines Museum. The writer describes the collection as "not a large collection but a very good one - there are also some lovely shells." Ballarat School of Mines Registrar, F.E. Ferguson, declined the offer on behalf of the School Council, suggesting the Ballarat Teachers' College (Dana Street) would like to have the weapons, etc.C/- Collison & Co 32 Waymouth St Adelaide 11/2/54 Sear Sir A am writing this to offer a collection of Native Weapons and Curious - Australian - the Islands and S. Africa - the the Museum as a gift - they originally belonged to my father J.M. Marshall - formerly of Sturt Stree - who was born and lived in Ballarat most of his life and who was always interested i nthe Museum and School of Mines back in Prof. Mica Smith's time. This is not a large collection but a very good one - there are also some lovely shells. They have beenin stroage since his death and I feel he would have liked them to be of some use + give pleasure to someone + I can think of no better plance than your museum. Would you be goodenough to put this offer to your Committee + let me know if that are interested. I am yours Jessie Marshall PS I've made enquiries + there is plenty of motor transport available J.M.ballarat school of mines, aboriginal artefacts, ballarat school of mines museum, jessie marshall, i.m. marshall, ballarat teachers' college, f.e. ferguson, museum closure, alan sonsee, ballarat teachers college, museum, shells, j.m. marshall

Australian Explorers often had Aboriginal guides in there party.Sepia studio photograph of two Aboriginal men known as Jemmy and Jack Fisherman, dressed in European clothing, standing beside a man holding a top hat who is William Landsborough. aborigines, aboriginal, jemmy fisherman, jack fisherman, william landsborough, landsborough, exploreres