Document. A Few Facts (7 copies). Two page typed, timelined document on the Goldfield area of Bendigo 1851 1954 by the Bendigo Branch of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria. Mentions Ravenswood sheep run, German Gully, Derwent Gully, Peg Leg Gully, 'The Dascombe' & 'The Victoria' gold nuggets. Watson's Kentish mine in Long Gully, Garden Gully United in Ironbark, The Great Extended Hustlers Tribute on Hustlers Hill, The New Chum United in Golden Square, The Victoria Quartz in Victoria Hill Ironbark, The United Devonshire Mine in Eaglehawk, The Famous Devonshire Valley, Portion of the New Chum Group in Golden Square, The New Moon, The South New Moon, The 'Flying Fox' which conveyed the quartz from the Central Red, White and Blue mine to New Chum Hill, Lansell's'222' Mine, The Mine in the Heart of the City, The Fortuna Hustlers Mine; Snob's Hill, Sailors Gully & Devonshire Gully at Eaglehawk, California Gully, Long Gully, Victoria Hill at Ironbark, New Chum Hill & New Chum Valley at Golden Square, Hustlers Hill & Comet & Redan Hills at North Bendigo.cottage, miners, the bendigo goldfields, a few facts

What was distinct about the Performing Arts Course at the University of Ballarat is it had students from a wide range of back grounds with an age range from 17 to 53 years. Students are keen to not only act but to write, design, direct, production manage, stage manage, design lighting and sound and create their own theatre. They also take responsibility for a large percentage of the decision making and administration. Artistic Director and Course Co-ordinator was Peter Tulloch. Ad Lib is a magazine produced by the students. It outlines the work they have produced during 1992. 1st, 2nd and 3rd Years sections outlines what is ahead. Profiles of three final year students - Miranda Crellin, Sandra Moon and Fiona Bennett.Four A3 sheets, folded to make 16 page magazine. Items include Editorial, Contents performing arts, write, design, direct, production manage, stage manage, lighting and sound, training, acting credits, skills, peter tulloch, director and co-ordinator, directing, theatre, screen, ad lib, magazine, 1992, editorial, first years, second years, third years, exhibition, miranda crellin, sandra moon, fiona bennett, lock up your daughters, too much punch for judy, community road safety, vic health, kruse collection

Handwritten notes where poppet legs and engines were taken. New Chum Goldfields - To Golden Fleece. To Deborah. To Central Deb. Carlisle Poppet Heads - to Guilford Plateau, then to Nell Gwynne Reefs. Williams United Engine (Sq Con Reds) - To Ulster then North Blue, then Nth Deborah. Central Blue Engine, with Corliss valves, to Deborah. Windmill Hill Legs to Sebastian, then to Deborah. Big Blue Legs - to Central Deborah. (Legs) South Moon to South Virginia. (Engine) Sth Moon to South Virginia, & driver put on side of drums. Fortuna Hustlers Engine - to ? ?, then to Bird's Reef, then to Herc No 1. Then to Nth Virginia. New Oswald (Malson) Engine left at Sth Moon, not allowed to put in, as it was a loose eccentric. Unity Legs - to Herc. No 1. Then to Ironbark. Ironbark Engine - To Wattle Gully. (Converted to electric winder). 222 - Several Compressors. The fire at the Unity mine in 1907. The fire at the Garden Gully mine in 1911. The fire at the Princess Dagmar in 1913. The light on the Ellenborough flagpole. Tambour Major. Joe Sheard in diving suit. Lansell's Little 180 - Vertical engine. Driver to right side and at floor level. Lansell's bit 180 - Vertical engine. Driver on top of engine. Floor between. Lansell's Needle. - Wooden legs with crossstays reaching from top of legs to close to bottom. Winder - Single Link engine. Hard to get drivers. Confidence Extended. Koch's Pioneer. - Shaft a big angle. Central Blue - Old Sheepshead - same. Vict Catherine - Winder - one drum in front of other, shaft at such an angle. Very hard to see which cage or tank at surface. Specimen Hill and Carlisle - Back-handed first motion engines. Central Nell - Winder from Lord Nelson mine, St Arnaud - Driver behind drums. Turned valve opp. To usual to turn steam on and off.document, gold, poppet legs and engines, shifting about - poppet legs and engines, new chum goldfields, golden fleece, deborah, central deborah, carlisle, guilford plateau, nell gwynne reefs, williams united, ulster, north blue, nth deborah, central blue, windmill hill, sebastian, big blue, south moon, south virginia, fortuna hustlers, tambour major, bird's reef, herc no 1, nth virginia, new oswald (maldon), unity, ironbark, wattle gully, 222, garden gully, princess dagmar, ellenborough, joe sheard, lansell's little 180, lansell's big 180, lansell's needle, confidence extended, koch's pioneer, central blue, old sheepshead, vict catherine, specimen hill, carlisle, central nell, lord nelson mine (st arnaud)

These horse shoes (one a stock horse and one a draft horse) were probably used in the mid 1900's. They have been roughly made suggesting that a professional blacksmith was not instrumental in their manufacture. On smaller or remote cattle stations either the lead stock man or owner would "fire up" the kiln to provide the adjustments required to the horse shoe to ensure a "tight" fit. The larger cattle stations had a "professional" blacksmith to cover all their "working" horses. Larger properties eg.large Northern territory cattle stations use helicopters for "cattle control".These horse shoes are very significant to the Kiewa Valley because of the early introduction of cattle stations in what initially was regarded as a semi remote location. The maintenance of horses hooves is an important requirement, especially during the period when cattle were grazed on the Bogong High Plains. The mustering and and moving cattle from the valley pastures to the high country was a demanding and dangerous exercise requiring "sure footed" stock horses. A scientific study started in 1947 to study the impact of grazing cattle on the natural Alpine and sub Alpine vegetation found grazing cattle had an adverse affect on the natural Alpine and sub alpine vegetation, and grazing on the plains was stopped by the Victorian Government in 2005.This "camp draft" in the High Plains could take up to six weeks.Both these horse shoes have been "roughly" made but are specifically made for the type of horse which wore them. The smaller of the two is for the stock horse/riding horse and the lager one is for the larger draft horse. Each horse type has a specific role to play in the the type of activity it was used for. The small horse shoe has six "nail" holes for attachment to the horse hoof by special nails. The larger shoe has seven "nail" holes. Both have the three quarter moon shape which fits the curvature of the horses hooves. working horses, bogong high plains camp draft, grazing cattle bogong high plains

Document. Greeting Cards. Cream card with gold border 15mm from the edge. At the top corners are gold bells with red interiors and ribbond. Inside the border is a picture of a snow covered scene with houses, church? and trees. A large red moon is rising behind the trees. Some people are walking along the path to the larger building. On the right of the path is a felled tree with a red robin sitting on it. At the bottom printed in gold is: Hearty Christmas Greetings. The celluloid front is sewn to the card backing. A bright yellow cord is double threaded through the front left.person, greeting cards, malone collection, malone collection, greeting cards

Resource book developed by Aboriginal woman in consultation with local Kurnai community of Gippsland, Victoria; includes advice on story telling, involving community and parents, Koorie parents view of schooling , how Koories learn, strategies and activities for classroom, shows symbols used in art, making animal tracks, Kurnai stories include the first man and woman, the Southern Cross and the moon, the talking dog, the echidna, robin redbreast, Tidda-lick the frog, origin of fire, Kur-bo-roo the koala bear, how the sun was made; artwork in planning lessons is copyright free.b&w illustrations, games, classroom activitiesgunai, kurnai, gippsland, lake tyers, koorie studies, dreaming stories, storytelling, koorie education

Wall Calendar - heavy card covers, 16 gloss art pages inside, titled "Trams - 2004" containing full colour photographs of Adelaide, Melbourne, Rockhampton, Ballarat, Bendigo, Melbourne, Fremantle, Sydney, Brisbane, Has a punched hole along the top edge to enable wall use. Provides dates for holidays, school holidays and Pension payment days and phases of the moon. Produced by Topmill Pty Ltd and distributed by Gordon & Gotch Pty Ltd. Photos by Arthur Perry, Les Horsburgh, Lawrie Hort, Archer Park, Ken Smith, Lenord Stewart,trams, tramways, ballarat, bendigo, adelaide, sydney, brisbane, rockhampton, fremantle, tram 26, tram 294, tram 302, tram 7, tram 3018

Wall Calendar - heavy card covers, 12 gloss art pages inside, titled "Australian Trams - 1997 Calendar" containing cull colour photographs of Sydney, Adelaide, Bendigo, Ballarat, Melbourne, Brisbane, Bendigo Has a punched hole along the top edge to enable wall use. Provides dates for holidays, school holidays and Pension payment days and phases of the moon. Produced by Topmill Pty Ltd and distributed by Gordon & Gotch Pty Ltd. Photos by D. Budd, H. Clark, P. Sage, N. Thorpe and the Sydney Tramway Museum.trams, tramways, ballarat, bendigo, melbourne, adelaide, sydney, tram 2002, tram 405, tram 1035, tram 1040, tram 836, tram 888, tram 58, tram 107

2 Photographs on a folded board. One black and white, one sepia. Both photographs of South New Moon Mine, Eaglehawk, taken from 2 different views. Written on board around the photos. Gold yield 257.498 ozs. Dividends $ 1.106.560.00. Leading mine on field 1901-05. Leading mine in state 1903. Operated 1871 to 1920's. Revived 1933 to 1941. The sepia photo on right side of cardboard says, 'Above photo taken 1935.' Written on back of one photo, A.Richardson, 29 Harrison Street, Bendigo.'eaglehawk, mine - south new moon., olive pell collection. south new moon mine

Leather bound with decorative embossing with some in gold on covers and spine.non-fictionThe Batchelor family Bible. The Batchelor Family were early residents of Taggerty.bible, batchelor family, taggerty

Vol. 4, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1999 CONTENTS ALBERT TUCKER AO 29.12.1914- 23.10.1999 3 MIETTA'S Eating and Drinking in Melbourne 4 MIRKA MORA 'Where angels fear to tread' 6 THEATRE Normie & Tuan Finding the River 7 CD REVIEWS 8, 9 MR MOON IS DEAD The new face of Luna Park 10 PUBLIC ART OR DECORATION Mark Henry 12 ELTHAM FESTIVAL 14 OPEN STUDIOS PROGRAMME 15 LOCAL BLUES/ROCK CULTURE Rob Harwood 27 INTERVIEW Kim Tarpey 22 SHORT STORY 24 ARTS SPONSORSHIP 29 BOOK REVIEW 27 ARTIN' ABOUT 28 OPERA Dialogue with the Song of Songs 22 WINING AND DINING 30 ARTISTS SERVICES 30 "Peter Dougherty has been involved in the local art scene for many years. As publisher and editor of the arts magazine Artstreams, his comments on the various branches of the arts are widely respected. His "The Arts" column in the Diamond Valley Leader presents a brief summary for a much wider cross section of the local community. Peter also operates his own gallery and the Artstreams Cafe at the St Andrews market. Peter has a wealth of knowledge about present day and historical aspects of local art and artists." - Eltham District Historical Society Newsletter No. 161, March 2005Colour front and back cover with feature articles and literary pieces with photographs and advertisements printed in black and white. 36 pages, 30 cm. Vol. 1, no. 1 (Nov. 1996) - Vol. 10, no. 5 (summer ed. 2005/​06) art streams, clare kurth, alicia clark, albert tucker, carlucci's, mietta's, adams of north riding, plenty views golf park, mirka mora, alan marshall short story award, james shaw, thanh vuu nguyen, victorian artists supplies, miriam hyde, lisa young, bluehouse, debbie morrow, clive dickson, luna park, montsalvat, dymocks booksellers, public art, mark henry, spectators sports bar, fleur de feliss florist, eltham festival, sebastian jorgensen, nillumbik artists' open studios, eltham pottery studio, muddy waters studio, studio 30, peter accadia, piers bateman, jenneke kortweg, janet boddy, dave bradley, melita jansen, jules christian burns, damian fitzgerald, jill forest, ona henderson, syd tunn, veronica holland, sally nihill, michael skewes, elizabeth vercoe, annie keil-taggart, alan martin, jenni mitchell, grace mitchell, mervyn hannan, peter oyston, chris pittard, mary lou pittard, jane viola, john hewish, nel ten wolde, rob harwood, st andrews hotel, kim tarpey, recherche, jessie howard, artspeak studio gallery, la trobe university art museum, willy wonka's ice cream gourmet food, arts sponsorship, john fry, winsome mccaughey, bostik, lucy sussex, alice's bookshop, were street cafe, thomsons pharmacy, know & grow, volumes

The certificate and tie clips were in the possession of Dr John Mainland. Mainland graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1950 with a Bachelor of Science degree. After researching and completing his medical degree, Mainland entered into the field of anaesthetics, training at the Royal Women's and Royal Children's Hospitals, later Alfred Hospital, in 1959. He completed training in 1964 and remained at the Alfred Hospital. During his career, he also became the first anaesthetist appointed to the position of Professor in Victoria. His other achievements include manufacturing a respiratory monitoring module that accompanied astronauts on the United States moon landing and developing a stimulator to lessen the risk of deep vein thrombosis in surgical patients. Mainland became a Fellow of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists in 1992, retiring from the profession in 1997.The certificate rests beneath a thin layer of glass kept in a light wooden frame. The certificate is cream in colour with dark brown writing. In the middle is an illustration of Box Hill and District Hospital building. At the bottom of the certificate is the signature of the President and Secretory. On the back of the frame there are two metal loops connected by a thin piece of metal wire. Hanging on this wire are two clips from the Alfred Hospital. The face of the clips is consists of the Alfred Hospital emblem in red and gold surrounded by a border of blue with the name of the hospital inscribed. Masking tape runs the border of the frame.Printed in black ink on back of frame: marlow Galleries / 968 Whitehorse Rd, Box Hill / Ph: 89 2062, 1st floor •Inscribed on face of clips: Alfred Hospital Melbourne For Service •Printed in brown ink on the certificate: Box Hill and District / Hospital / This is to Certify that / Professor J. F. Mainland / was appointed a / Life Governor / on the 23rd day of July 1980 / President Secretary •Signed in blue ink by the President and Secretarycertificate, box hill and district hospital, life governor, mainland, john, alfred hospital

Annual report of the Braille & Talking Book Library including Minutes of the AGM, Board of Director's Report, President's report and financial statements. Items also included are: Colvan Charity Cup Golf Day raffle winner receives car from Bib Stillwell, Frank Moorhouse wins Braille Book of the Year with Barrett Reid, Dr Stephen Murray-Smith and Lloyd O'Neil making up the judging panel, luncheon to celebrate Alice McClelland's 54th year of service to the library, rationalisation of Moon books with RBS NSW, popularity of Fraser Twins Sound magazine, retirement of published Lloyd O'Neil from judging panel and appoint of Joyce Nicholson, death of Joan Armytage, former auxiliary organiser then committee member and renovation of library and construction of talking book room and recording studios (in notes to accounts).1 volume of print and illustrationsbraille and talking book library, annual reports

Colour photo of Rowan Matta, aged one, being held by her mother, Rhiannon Matta, out the front of the Southern Sherbrooke Historical Society's building prior to Rowan getting her vaccinations at the Progress Hall next door. Rowan is wearing a red dress with a yellow stars -and-moon pattern over a white shortsleeved top, and Rhiannon is wearing a black sleeveless top. The society's hall and their church in the background are still in the condition they were in when moved from Belgrave South School. On the door of the hall is a handwritten sign, 'Historical Society'. Photo taken by Marian Matta.

Letter, dated 24th September, 1973, to Mr P N Ellis from A B Court of the Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium. In the A B Court thanks Mr Ellis for his letter and for the specimen of Acacia hakeoides. He was hoping it would turn out to be the same as the one known to him from the Moon Mines area. He had searched for this species? During the last several years but had been unable to find it. He suggest that if Mr Ellis or his associates find anything of interest in the locality it might be worthwhile forwarding a specimen for examination. Signed A B Court.communication, postal, letters, peter ellis collection, department of crown lands and survey victoria, royal botanic gardens and national herbarium, p n ellis, moon mines area, a b court

Wall Calendar - heavy card covers, 12 gloss art pages inside, titled "Trams - 2016" containing full colour photographs of Brisbane, Rockhampton, Melbourne, Bendigo, Ballarat, Adelaide, Hobart, Sydney, Valley Heights, Has a punched hole along the top edge to enable wall use. Provides dates for holidays, school holidays and Pension payment days and phases of the moon. Produced by Topmill Pty Ltd and distributed by Gordon & Gotch Pty Ltd. Photos by Peter Winspur, Maurice Kelly, Arthur Perry, Kym Smith, Archer Park, Ken Smith and David Kirbytrams, tramways, ballarat, bendigo, adelaide, sydney, brisbane, rockhampton, hobart, valley heights, tram 40, tram 880, tram 1000, tram 219, tram 14

Wall Calendar - heavy card covers, 12 gloss art pages inside, titled "Australian Trams - 1999 Calendar" containing cull colour photographs of Sydney, Adelaide, Bendigo, Ballarat, Melbourne, Brisbane, Bendigo, Perth, Hobart - Melbourne - Princes Bridge. Has a punched hole along the top edge to enable wall use. Provides dates for holidays, school holidays and Pension payment days and phases of the moon. Produced by Topmill Pty Ltd and distributed by Gordon & Gotch Pty Ltd. Photos by D. Budd, Robert Merchant, Arthur Perry and the Sydney Tramway Museum.trams, tramways, ballarat, bendigo, melbourne, adelaide, sydney, tram 2128

Inside the silver box is a lock of hair with a handwritten note - Grandfather's hair Sept 9th 1899. A small rectangular ornately engraved and decorated lidded box with a linear pattern overall on the outside of the lid, sides and bottom. It has a scalloped shape on all edges. Inside is a lock of Grandfather's hair wrapped in a folded piece of paper with writing describing who it is from and the date. Inside on the lid bottom of the box are engravings of the maker. Inscribed on the outside of the lid in an ornate rectangular scalloped shape: Presented to Mr. George Birrell MECHANIC By his Fellow Workmen as a token of respect on his leaving for Australia 11th July 1851 GLASGOW Inside the lid top are three stamps: one is a face in a circle, next to it a rectangle with ES and the third is not recognisable. On the bottom of the box are three stamps: one is in the shape of a shield with a cross in the middle, next is a rectangle with ES and the third appears to be a moon shape.container, boxes, hair

Catherine Holmes married William Coghill Junior. William died in 1884. This is possibly a photo of Catherine in her mourning clothes. They had no children. His estate passed to Catherine. In 1886 Catherine accompanied by her brother, Edward Carter Holmes, Mr. Holmes a farmer at Ascot and her companion Mrs. Mark Gardiner [Gardner], wife of the contractor for laying down the wood pavement in Elizabeth- street, sailed for Queensland aboard the elegant steamship, ‘Ly-ee-Moon’ to visit her sister Adelaide Reid and purchase a property in the Darling Downs, Qld. Tragically all three, and the gold sovereigns they were carrying to purchase same, were lost when the steamship struck rocks and was wrecked off the rugged Green Cape Coast, just south of Bega, New South Wales [Jane Dyer, 15 June 2024]Black and white photograph of a seated woman wearing black clothing, a cap with centrally parted hair. The woman is Catherine Coghill (formerly Holmes), who married William Coghill Jnr. catherine coghill, catherine holmes, william coghill, william coghill junior, holmes family collection, chatham-holmes family collection, ly-ee-moon, mourning, shipwreck, women, pioneer women, family history

The Sunvale Primary School was situated on Neil Street, near Hertford Road, Sunshine, on the former Moons paddock. The school was officially opened on the 9th of October 1957 with an enrolment of 214 students. Most of the students were transferred from the overcrowded Sunshine, and Sunshine East Primary Schools. The acting head teacher and five temporary teachers came from the East Sunshine Primary School from which about 170 students also came. During the later years the school operated as part of a three campus primary school complex formed between Sunvale Primary School, Sunshine East Primary School, and Braybrook Primary School. After the modern Sunshine Harvester Primary School was built on the East Sunshine Primary School site, the students from the Braybrook and Sunvale schools were transferred there. Sunvale Primary School was closed on 9th September 2009.The magazine is a historical record of the initial 40 years of the school and of activities associated with the school. It contains the names of the Principals, from Mr. Bartels in 1957 to Mr. A. Dash in 1997, and also the names of Chairs of the School Council, from Mr. F. Sanford to Mr. T. Cuddy. It also features articles on the history of the school, the mothers club, the parents & friends members, special events & features, class & staff photographs, sport, and has a memories section. The special events & features section includes the school ball, camps, the Governor's visit in 1995, and Sunvale's famous Olympian staff member Pam Kilborn.Bright yellow covered 40 page book with green and white printing on the cover. A large emblem of the no longer existing SUNVALE PRIMARY SCHOOL is featured on the front cover, and a smaller version is on the back. The magazine is described as "A Scrap Book of Memories", and covers the years 1957 to 1997.SUNVALE Primary School S/PS HONOURS WITH HONOUR A Scrap Book of Memories 1957 - 1997sunvale, primary school, school magazine, scrap book of memories, moons paddock, 1957, 1997, bartels, dash, sanford, kilborn, cuddy

Stereoscopic views. Kilburn Brothers Littleton , N H. 1. Trinity college Dublin. 2. Brooklyn Bridge, scene of the accident , May 30th 1883. 3. Spinning Room , Mechanics Mill, Fall River Mass. 4. Bay Grove Hill, Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N Y. 5.Crossing the Great Suspension Bridge, by rail. 6. Dining Hall , Grand Union Hotel, Saratoga, Largest Dining Hall in the World. 7. Phantom Leaves. 8. Full Moon. 9. Merced River, Yo-Semite , Cal. 10. I Breathe Inspiration. 11. United States Hotel Park, Saratoga.Kilburn Brothers Littleton N H.photography, viewers

Document. Greeting Cards. Small cream card with raised border. Inside the border is a black circle inside a gold border. Inside the black circle is a scene with a red sailing boat with gold sea and sky. The moon setting behind the water. On the right is black land with a light house. 'Kind Thoughts the Gulf of Distance Span' is printed and underlined in black with black edged gold capitals. The K is cream with gold edges, filigree and border on a red background. Left and bottom of the K are black leaves and gold flowers.The underlining and capitals are decorated too. Card & insert are held together with a small red ribbon.person, greeting cards, malone collection, malone collection, greeting cards

Wall Calendar - heavy card covers, 12 gloss art pages inside, titled "Trams - 2005" containing full colour photographs of Melbourne, Flinders St Station, Ballarat, Adelaide, Kilmore Horse tramway, Brisbane, Sydney (runaway tram), Melbourne track cleaners, Wellington, Wanganui and Bendigo. Has a punched hole along the top edge to enable wall use. Provides dates for holidays, school holidays and Pension payment days and phases of the moon. Produced by Topmill Pty Ltd and distributed by Gordon & Gotch Pty Ltd. Photos by William Scott, A. W. Perry, Ken Smith, Ben Parle and Graeme Jones.trams, tramways, ballarat, bendigo, melbourne, adelaide, sydney, brisbane, kilmore, wellington, wanganui, tram 470, tram 866, tram w7, tram w6, tram w9, tram 653, tram 1041, tram 61-, tram 374, tram 104, tram 1000, tram 676, tram 103, tram 937, tram 53, tram 676

Wall Calendar - heavy card covers, 12 gloss art pages inside, titled "Trams - 2006" containing full colour photographs of Rockhampton, Ballarat, Fremantle, Grenoble France, Geelong, Sydney, Brisbane, VR Sandringham and Transporting Art Melbourne trams. Has a punched hole along the top edge to enable wall use. Provides dates for holidays, school holidays and Pension payment days and phases of the moon. Produced by Topmill Pty Ltd and distributed by Gordon & Gotch Pty Ltd. Photos by Archer Park, William Scott, A. W. Perry, Ben Parle, Maurice Kelly, Ken Smith,trams, tramways, rockhampton, ballarat, fremantle, geelong, sydney, brisbane, victorian railways, sandringham, brisbane, transporting art, tram 2107, tram 50, tram 384, tram 340, tram 497, tram 567

Wall Calendar - heavy card covers, 12 gloss art pages inside, titled "Trams - 2003" containing full colour photographs of Brisbane, Bendigo, Auckland, Sydney, Melbourne, Hobart, Adelaide and Christchurch. W7 1024 has a Lufthansa colour scheme. Has a punched hole along the top edge to enable wall use. Provides dates for holidays, school holidays and Pension payment days and phases of the moon. Produced by Topmill Pty Ltd and distributed by Gordon & Gotch Pty Ltd. Photos by Lawrie Hort, Hugh Ballment, Les Horsburgh, A. W. Perry, Ken Smith, and Colin Loach.trams, tramways, ballarat, bendigo, melbourne, adelaide, sydney, brisbane, auckland, hobart, christchurch, tram 104, tram 180, tram 111, tram 411, tram 1024

A sextant is an astronomical instrument used to determine latitude and longitude at sea by measuring angular distances, especially the altitudes of the sun, moon, and stars. It is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument and used mainly by sailors to measure the angular distance between two visible objects. The name comes from the Latin sextans, or “sixth part of a unit,” because the sextant’s arc can be 60° or 120° of a circle depending on the model used. The primary use was to measure the angle between an astronomical object and the horizon for the purposes of celestial navigation. The estimation of this angle is known as sighting or shooting the object, or taking a sight. This angle and the time when it was measured is used in order to determine Greenwich Mean Time and hence longitude. Sighting the height of a landmark on land can also give a measure of distance from that object. History: The development of the sextant was as an improvement over the octant, an instrument designed to measure one's latitude. The octant was first implemented around 1731-present but can only measure angles up to 45°. As larger angles were needed to allow the measurement of lunar objects - moon, stars and the sun - at higher angles, the octant was superseded by the sextant. The sextant is a similar instrument but better made and allows larger angles from 60° to 120°. This improvement allows distances to be accurately calculated thereby giving longitude when used with a chronometer. The sextant was derived from the octant in 1757, eventually making all previous instruments used for navigational positioning obsolete. The sextant had been attributed to by John Hadley (1682–1744) and Thomas Godfrey (1704–1749), but reference to the sextant was also found later in the unpublished writings of Isaac Newton (1643–1727). Earlier links can be found to Bartholomew Gosnold (1571–1607) indicating that the use of a sextant for nautical navigation predates Hadley's implementation. In 1922, the sextant was modified for aeronautical navigation by Portuguese navigator and naval officer Gago Coutinho. It should be noted that the octant and quadrant are in the same family as they were, and all are, regarded as sextants. The sextant is representative of it's type and although not fully complete it demonstrates how 18th,19th and 20th century mariners determined their latitude and longitudinal to determine their position on a chart, allowing them to navigate there way across the world's oceans. It also demonstrates the skill and workmanship of the early instrument makers that operated scientific instrument businesses from London and other areas of England to provide most of the navigational instrumentation used by commercial and military navies of the time.Sextant with square, fitted box of polished wood, "Hezzanith" brand. Box contains many parts for the sextants use. On certificate "Heath & Co, London. Sextant Number Y 822". Catch on lid "DEFIANT LEVER" and "PATENT NUMBER 187.10". Maker's certificate is attached to the inside of the box.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, sextant box, sextant, hezzanith, heath & co, navigational instrument, george wilson heath, astronomical instrument, instrument manufacturers, scientific instrument, navigation, celestial navigation, octant, quadrant, lunar navigation

Black and white photograph of group of males and two small girls at Oriental Bank. Building with cast iron balcony. Horse and jinker. One man mounted on horse. Photo attached to cream card with blue corners. Inscriptions: on front - 'Sam Bartlett on left (bearded), hand printed at BL. '54 High St. Eaglehawk', 'HJG Biggs, Health Inspector'. On back - circular stamp 'Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch'. History: Gold from the South New Moon Mine, Eaglehawk. Delivered in 1907 to the Oriental Bank. Mine Manager Sam Bartlett on the left of gold (with beard)' James Lerk 19/11/1999. Previous Acc. No. GP35person, group, employees