The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (1) Research to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, pretty hill, wattle glen road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (1) Research to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, ness lane, st andrews road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (1) Research to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, ness lane

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (1) Research to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, ness lane

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (1) Research to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, ness lane

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (1) Research to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, dawson road, st andrews road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (1) Research to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, dawson road, kings road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, pigeon bank road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, pigeon bank road, menzies road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, menzies road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, menzies road, pigeon bank road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, menzies road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, menzies road, henley road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, henley road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, eltham-yarra glen road, war memorial tower

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, kangaroo ground cemetery, war memorial tower

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (2) Warrandyte to Kangaroo GroundColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground cemetery, dawson road

The Eltham Horse Trail: Research and Warrandyte to Kinglake: Survey of proposed route, December 1992: (3) Kangaroo Ground to KinglakeColour photographeltham horse trail (1992 survey), kangaroo ground, kings road

Hawthorn hedges are important reminders of Kangaroo Ground's Scottish heritage. They are Registered on the Victorian Heritage Register. They are "historically significant because the planting of hawthorn hedges reflects the adoption of Eurorpean farming techniques by the Kangaroo Ground population in the period following settlement and because the grid pattern of paddocks that the Hawthorn hedges define is very different to today's farm landscapes." Covered under Heritage Overlay, Nillumbik Planning Scheme. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p21 Hawthorn hedges bordering Kangaroo Ground’s gently rolling farmlands are important reminders of its Scottish heritage and are rare so close to Melbourne.1 As early as the 1840s newly arrived farmers from Scotland planted hawthorn hedges around their properties, to protect crops from the numerous kangaroos and wallabies. Many of these hedges survive today. These farmers had the good fortune to settle some of the most fertile land available for cropping in the Colony of Victoria. At that time the black volcanic soil could sustain an amazing two crops a year. By the mid 1850s, 500 acres (202ha) of wheat were growing in Kangaroo Ground. But the crops were threatened by kangaroos, which were so plentiful, that Surveyor-General, Robert Hoddle, named the district Kangaroo Ground in 1838. As post-and-rail fences proved inadequate barriers for the bounding kangaroos, the Scots planted hawthorn hedgerows as they had done in Scotland. Some also used the hedges to net birds, presumably for the table. Interestingly the farmers in the bordering townships of Panton Hill and Christmas Hills, did not plant hawthorn hedges around their properties. Perhaps it was because by the time they settled in the 1860s and 1870s most of the wildlife had been gunned down by residents.2 The canny Scots planted the hedges on public land outside their own farms, as the hedgerows could spread to about five yards (five m) in width. With this impenetrable barrier Kangaroo Ground’s industrious farmers flourished to gain the economic power that saw the Shire of Eltham governed from Kangaroo Ground for 79 years (1858-1937). The Scots jealously guarded their land, so hard to get in Scotland. That is why they refused to release any of it ‘for local roads to follow easier grades as was the case in surrounding districts where roads generally followed ridgelines or streams’.3 Instead the roads were built in accordance with the magnetic bearings of their first survey in 1847 whether that suited the steep topography or not. This could force traffic to diverge when wet through Greensborough and Diamond Creek. Until 1921, the Eltham-Yarra Glen Road beside Wellers Restaurant, ‘dipped down into the upper reaches of Stony Creek’.4 Later some corners were compulsorily cut for the increasing motor traffic. As late as the 1960s, corners were cut to form sweeping curves above and alongside the Kangaroo Ground Cemetery and opposite the Emergency Operations Centre. In the latter case, the farmers – understanding their hedgerows as important heritage – insisted upon their reinstatement to conform to the altered road alignment. Kangaroo Ground’s ancient manna gums also point to the district’s history and to that of the hedgerows. The Aboriginal people had transformed the original forests into grasslands with the fires they lit to attract kangaroos, (which the Scots were to exclude by planting hedgerows). But the Wurundjeri hunters left the gums (Eucalyptus vimminalis cygnetensis), on the grasslands as ‘stalking trees’ to hunt kangaroos. The hawthorn hedges in Kangaroo Ground were neglected for around 60 years from about the middle of the 20th century. Bushfires had created gaps and the hedgerows were not trimmed. Then in late 2005, local historian Mick Woiwod, formed a group to lobby the Nillumbik Shire to restore the hedges, which could last for many centuries. Some hedges in parts of Britain date back to AD 800.5 Although the original Scottish farmers have gone, the hedges are a reminder of when they flourished in the district, which has changed little in 150 years.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, eltham-yarra glen road, hawthorn hedgerow, kangaroo ground

Colour photograph of a Eucalyptus Viminalis (White Gum or Ribbony Gum or Manna Gum) on Main Road, Eltham-Yarra Glen (Melways Directory Map 23 D1) looking west approximately 1 mile from Kangaroo Ground approx. opposite Andy Avard's gate.eltham yarra glen road, kangaroo ground

Outlines the history of the Kangaroo Ground Tower of Remembrance from 1918 and the process undertaken by Nillumbik Council's Advisory Committee to refurbish the Tower. The Tower of Remembrance is a local landmark in Kangaroo Ground which had fallen into disrepair. This book documents the restoration of the Tower and Park c1997-2002Soft clear plastic front cover, red back cover. 107 pages, black and white illus. tower of remembrance, war memorials, kangaroo ground, nillumbik council, eltham district historical society

References to "Kangaroo Point" taken from The Diamond Valley Story by Dianne H. Edwards, pages 31-32, 97, 109. 4 photocopied pages. kangaroo point

Construction of the Kangaroo Ground tip was required following filling and closure of the Susan Street tip and overflow site near the Eltam Trestle bridge35 mm colour positive transparency (x19) Mount - Agfacolor Service (Blue)graham road, kangaroo ground, kangaroo ground tip

Construction of the Kangaroo Ground tip was required following filling and closure of the Susan Street tip and overflow site near the Eltam Trestle bridge35 mm colour positive transparency Mount - Agfacolor Service (Blue)graham road, kangaroo ground, kangaroo ground tip

Construction of the Kangaroo Ground tip was required following filling and closure of the Susan Street tip and overflow site near the Eltam Trestle bridge35 mm colour positive transparency Mount - Agfacolor Service (Blue)graham road, kangaroo ground, kangaroo ground tip

Construction of the Kangaroo Ground tip was required following filling and closure of the Susan Street tip and overflow site near the Eltam Trestle bridge35 mm colour positive transparency Mount - Agfacolor Service (Blue)graham road, kangaroo ground, kangaroo ground tip

Construction of the Kangaroo Ground tip was required following filling and closure of the Susan Street tip and overflow site near the Eltam Trestle bridge35 mm colour positive transparency Mount - Agfacolor Service (Blue)graham road, kangaroo ground, kangaroo ground tip

Construction of the Kangaroo Ground tip was required following filling and closure of the Susan Street tip and overflow site near the Eltam Trestle bridge35 mm colour positive transparency Mount - Agfacolor Service (Blue)graham road, kangaroo ground, kangaroo ground tip

Construction of the Kangaroo Ground tip was required following filling and closure of the Susan Street tip and overflow site near the Eltam Trestle bridge35 mm colour positive transparency Mount - Agfacolor Service (Blue)graham road, kangaroo ground, kangaroo ground tip

Construction of the Kangaroo Ground tip was required following filling and closure of the Susan Street tip and overflow site near the Eltam Trestle bridge35 mm colour positive transparency Mount - Agfacolor Service (Blue)graham road, kangaroo ground, kangaroo ground tip