Anthropodermic Bibliopegy is the name given to the use of human leather to bind books. The name stems from the combination of the Greek root words, human (Anthropos), skin (derma), book (biblion), and fasten (pegia). The practice of creating anthropodermic books was popular throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. Most commonly, anthropodermic books are medical tomes, with the human leather taken from medical cadavers. Others were produced after criminal trials, with the criminal’s skin used to enclose the record of their own death sentences, creating a form of punishment that would surpass death. Other anthropodermic books contain poems or are religious texts. This book was written and printed in 1599 but most probably was rebound later when creation of anthropodermic books became more predominant. The book is a small tome of a religious nature containing the work of Bishop Thomas Bilson, who in a puritanical voice states that the primary argument articulated in this book is that “the metaphorical Calvinist interpretation of Hell as an exclusion from God was accurate then Christ's descent into hell after his crucifixion must refer to an actual existent hell as Christ was neither subject to sin nor able to be separated from the Divine.” The unusual cover of the book has led to many questions, the main being whether the book is covered with human skin. It was confirmed as such in 2014 with DNA testing undertaken by honours student Talanna Buckley at Federation University finding an 100% match to human DNA on the outside cover of the book. This is one of only two confirmed anthropodermic books in Australia, the other is housed at the National Library of Australia. Other forms of testing the leather of books have been found to be more accurate than DNA testing. For example, before DNA testing or PMF (Peptide Mass Fingerprinting) are undertaken many books have been identified as made from human skin through the close examination of the skins patterning. Hair follicles are the focus of the examination as certain patterns and sizes lend themselves to being human. However, many of these books have been proven to not be bound in human skin, the same can be said of books with inscriptions claiming them as anthropodermic. Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) testing has been found to be the most reliable way of confirming a leather bindings origin. This process involves the sampling of collagen-based materials, cutting the protein to gain specific amino acid combinations which form individual peptide sequences. Each mammal has an individual amino acid sequence in its collagen therefore its peptide mass combination is unique. This form of test can provide a more accurate outcome as collagen will be preserved for longer after the tanning process and will not be damaged in the same way DNA can be by the tanning process. DNA testing can also provide false positives as trace DNA from someone touching the book could be amplified and provide the reading instead of that of the leather itself. However, this book was tested with many controls as well as specific decontamination procedures in order to ensure that it was not trace DNA being tested. This book is historically and spiritually significant because it is a rare example of an early printed English Christian religious tract produced in Old English and Latin.. Its association with Thomas Bilson, who oversaw the final printing and publication of the King James Bible, is important. The covering of this book has been tested for human dna. Findings prove the book is covered with human skin, increasing the rarity of the object.420 page book with unusual leather cover. The book is written in Old English with passages in latin. There is a pressed petal between p.68 and 69. The covering of this book is made of human skin. The practice of binding books in human skin, also known as anthropodermic bibliopegy.Inside cover - James Hendy No 17 (Fu)gends Road Palmers Village Westminster. The gift of his mother Mrs Thomas Hendy. Some notes made through text eg p.112, and a passage written on the last page.religion, bible, edward lowe, edward lotos, thomas bilson, anthropodermic bibliopegy, james hendy, full redemption, religious, leather, wilson, winchester, jesus, puritanical, puritans, bungey, bilson, human skin, skin, human skin cover, human skin binding

Small photograph of James Kellykelly gang, bushrangers, james kelly

Batch of 2 photos of L Wain and Harold Wain. Born in Chiltern On Chiltern Honor RollPhotograph of Leslie James Wainww1, chiltern shire honor roll

Newspaper Clipping - set of one clippings adhered to one side of a sheet of ruled quarto paper with punched holes on the left hand side - from The Herald newspaper reporting on an event that morning when tram 1025 was travelling along Plenty Road Preston without a driver. Has a photo of James Davison a motorist who spotted the situation and of James McCougan who along with the conductor stopped the tram just before Murray Road. Cutting undated - cApril / May 1969. a comment from the MMTB Chairman, Mr. Risson.trams, tramways, accidents, drivers, runaway, plenty rd, tram 1025

An article from the Melbourne Legacy Bulletin on the death of Legatee James George Gillespie, a long serving Legatee, on 21st May 1987. The Bulletin published articles on Legatees when they passed away. The article includes a snapshot of his life and career as a surveyor and long history of service in many fields. He was a member of the RMIT Council, on the board of he Royal Women's Hospital - both of whom named building after him. He served on the Hospitals and Charities Commission, and the Nurses Memorial Centre and Greenvale Geriatric Centre. Plus many more. He enlisted in the AIF 18 months after his older brother had been killed on the first day of the landing at Gallipoli. He was in the 46th Battery, 12th Artillery Brigade as a gunner. He served in France and Belgium and was in Paris on the day the Armistice was signed. In World War 2 he was called up and was appointed Assistant-Director of Survey, with a rank of Lieut-Colonel. Jim Gillespie joined Legacy in June 1928, being nominated by Frank Doolan and seconded by Harold Peters. He filled many posts, including vice-president in 1937 and President in 1938 The article was part of an folder about of past presidents that served on the LCC in preparation for the photo board that was produced. The folder included biographical details and obituaries, eulogies and death notices of some Legatees. The items have been catalogued separately.A record of the life and service of Legatee Jim Gillespie. The information was published in the Bulletin and collected to record the lives of prominent legatees in a folder.Typed copy of 4 pages from the Legacy Bulletin on the death of Legatee James Gillespie.Bulletin No. VAW 1209. 28.5.1987. Pages 2 to 5.vale, eulogy, past presidents, jim-gillespie

The Protestant Association of Victoria was established in 1858. It is distinct from the Victorian Protestant Association that was established in 1917 and was active during and after World War I.The card carries the signatures of the founding members of the Association, including John Pascoe Fawkner, who, after settling in Hobson's Bay in October 1835, amassed large land holdings, was a newspaper proprietor and served on the Legislative Council for 18 years. Cream coloured card certifying the membership of James Hinds of 61 Spring Street as Member no. 17 of the Protestant Association of Victoria on 5 March 1958. Printed in dark brown/purple. Handwriting in black ink. Rules printed on the back.James Hinds of 61 Spring Street was elected as Member of the Protestant Association of Victoria on Friday the 5th of March 1958. Dated this 12th day of July 1958. Signatures of John P Fawkner (President), William Hinds (Treasurer), William Robinson (Secretary). No. 17.1858, john pascoe fawkner, 19th century, protestant association of victoria, victoria - history

The Thomas James Connelly collection. T. J. Connelly - Brassfounder, Coppersmith, Plumber and Gasfitter. Located in High St. Bendigo. Items of correspondence. Small scrap from an account book page? Six persons/businesses listed with amounts. E. Keep & Co. / Bra?kes Rollinson? / Maclean & White / Mitchell & Borman? / Danks / E. Baines.trades, plumbing, thomas james connelly, connelly, thomas james. plumbers.

The Thomas James Connelly collection. T. J. Connelly - Brassfounder, Coppersmith, Plumber and Gasfitter. Located in High St. Bendigo. Items of correspondence. Memo on blue paper headed Bendigo Iron Works, dated Sandhurst, Oct 31 1871. To Mr Connelly for the order of four galvanised iron travelling trunks. Signed J. Norwood.trades, plumbing, thomas james connelly, connelly, thomas james. plumbers.

The Thomas James Connelly collection. T. J. Connelly - Brassfounder, Coppersmith, Plumber and Gasfitter. Located in High St. Bendigo. Items of correspondence. Memo on blue paper, headed Barton, Runnymede, May 26 1871, signed by L. M. Barrow. Memo related to a pump pipe sent by train which Mr Vahland will see to.trades, plumbing, thomas james connelly, connelly, thomas james.. plumbers.

The Thomas James Connelly collection. T. J. Connelly - Brassfounder, Coppersmith, Plumber and Gasfitter. Located in High St. Bendigo. Items of correspondence. Invoice on blue paper dated 'Sandhurst May 11 1891. Invoice is for the glazing and fitting of a lamp broken by Mr Hearse. On the reverse is a note by the Town Clerk's Office re. the damage incurred in the accident.trades, plumbing, thomas james connelly, connelly, thomas j. plumbers.

Exhibition of Home Industries and fine arts. Wesleyan schoolroom. Forest street. Sandhurst. 1880. First Prize Certificate awarded to Miss. E. A Craven for drawing in crayon. Figure division. In Class A. Section 3. James Thomas. Hon Secretary. Coloured drawings of the bush, people, waterfall, trees and kangaroos. Markings: Evening news office. Sandhurst.person, individual, certificate

Blue paper headed Court King of the Forest, No. 3770 A.O.F, B.U.D.,dated Sept 19 1877. To Mr. Lewis, Treasurer. Please pay Hugh Brown or Bearer the sum of 40/- for 12 Days Sick Pay on account of this Court. Signed by James W. Long, C.R. and Wm. Rowe, Secretary. Also signed by Thomas Exeter.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - to pay, court king of the forest, mr lewis, hugh brown, james w long, wm rowe, thomas exeter

Blue paper headed Court King of the Forest, No. 3770 A.O.F, B.U.D.,dated Sept 19 1877. To Mr. Lewis, Treasurer. Please pay Matt ? Or Bearer the sum of 40/- for 12 Days Sick Pay on account of this Court. Signed by James W. Long, C.R. and Wm. Rowe, Secretary. Also signed by Thomas Exeter.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - to pay, court king of the forest, mr lewis, matt ?, james w long, wm rowe, thomas exeter

Blue paper headed Court King of the Forest, No. 3770 A.O.F, B.U.D.,dated Sept 19 1877. To Mr. Lewis, Treasurer. Please pay Ed. Jackson or Bearer the sum of 10/- for 12 Days Sick Pay on account of this Court. Signed by James W. Long, C.R. and Wm. Rowe, Secretary. Also signed by Thomas Exeter.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - to pay, court king of the forest, mr lewis, ed jackson, james w long, wm rowe, thomas exeter

Blue paper headed Court King of the Forest, No. 3770 A.O.F, B.U.D.,dated Sept 19 1877. To Mr. Lewis, Treasurer. Please pay Geo Dunkell or Bearer the sum of 10/- for 12 Days Sick Pay on account of this Court. Signed by James W. Long, C.R. and Wm. Rowe, Secretary. Also signed by Thomas Exeter.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - to pay, court king of the forest, mr lewis, geo dunkell, james w long, wm rowe, thomas exeter

Blue paper headed Court King of the Forest, No. 3770 A.O.F, B.U.D.,dated Sept 19 1877. To Mr. Lewis, Treasurer. Please pay Ab Lake or Bearer the sum of 10/- for 12 Days Sick Pay on account of this Court. Signed by James W. Long, C.R. and Wm. Rowe, Secretary. Also signed by Thomas Exeter.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - to pay, court king of the forest, mr lewis, ab lake, james w long, wm rowe, thomas exeter

Blue paper headed Court King of the Forest, No. 3770 A.O.F, B.U.D.,dated Sept 19 1877. To Mr. Lewis, Treasurer. Please pay Woodwards or Bearer the sum of £2/13/8 for Delivering Summons on account of this Court. Signed by James W. Long, C.R. and Wm. Rowe, Secretary. Also signed by A. Christenson and Thomas Exeter.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - to pay, court king of the forest, mr lewis, woodwards, james w long, wm rowe, a christenson, thomas exeter

The Thomas James Connelly collection. T. J. Connelly - Brassfounder, Coppersmith, Plumber and Gasfitter. Located in High St. Bendigo. Items of correspondence. Memo headed Bendigo Gaol, Sandhurst 20 Dec 70, to Mr Connelly. Regarding pipes to be installed at Mr Macartney, McLaren St, late Balsillie. Signature is illegible. One side of notepaper.trades, plumbing, thomas james connelly, connelly, thomas james. plumbers.

John Oxley was a shoe and butchers’ knife manufacturer, who was listed in Whitecroft UK in 1822 . By 1825, he was based in Hollis Croft. John apparently died in about 1837. He had two sons – George (1808-1879) and James (1811-1881) who took over the business. George moved to Indianna, USA and in 1868 James continued to manufacture 'Cooks’ and palette knives and steels" Oxley’s trade mark was a butcher’s knife crossed with a sharpening steel (and the letters ‘JO’). The firm stayed in the family until 1960. Early settlers were self reliant and repaired their own equipment for kitchen,dairy, farm, horses, carts using various tools . This strong steel knife is typical of the type used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1900Heavy duty curved steel knife with a wide blade encased in 2 thick leather straps secured with steel rivets Blade ; James Oxley with Trade Mark - a butcher’s knife crossed with a sharpening steel (and the letters ‘JO’). scratched into leather handle ; J EVANSknives, sheffield steel, oxley james ltd. , leatherworkers, saddles, horses, bootmakers, shoes, boots, builders, carpenters, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,

.1) Robert James Lee “MM”. Refer Cat No 1734 for his service history. .2) Lorna Jean Robbins VF518306 enlisted on 10.8.1945 age 20 years in the AWAS. She was discharged on 27.9.1946 with the rank of Cpl. Lorna married Robert James Lee.Pair of frames photographs. .1) & .2) Frames light brown & gold timber with cream mounts & glass. .1) Photo, colour portrait of male soldier in uniform, VX65555 Robert James LEE 'MM'. .2) Photo, colour portrait of female in uniform, VF518306 Lorna Jean ROBBINS, Corporal, Australian Women's Army Service..2) Handwritten in black ballpoint ink: LORNA 'JEAN' LEEphotography - photographs, frame accessories

This site was later occupied by Mitton's pharmacy. James Henry Pollard appears on the 1903 electoral roll as a painter in Canterbury Road (in one of the buildings that made up Hansen's Terrace.)The Union Road shops are covered by a City of Boroondara Heritage Overlay. This particular shop has changed very little with some alteration to the upper storey when it was repurposed for residential dwelling.Black and white photo of James Henry Pollard's shop at 139 Union Road, Surrey Hills in 1930. It is a 2 storey brick building with 2 glass display windows either side of the door and a corrugated iron roofed verandah supported on 3 posts. Above is a dwelling with 2 sash windows and an interior balcony within an arch. A wooden paling fence adjoins on the left. The side of the building and the front pediment carry advertising for the business. From this it appears that James Henry Pollard was an insurance agent for Guardian Assurance Company as well as being a house painter and decorator. There is a deciduous tree in the front of the shop.businesses, shops, mitton's pharmacy, guardian assurance company, union road shops, james henry pollard, painter, decorator

invoice dated Nov 1955 for Mr. D. Clarke, from Geo. Bennetts, Bennetts Arcade Stores, 290 Hargreaves Street, Bendigo purchased for goods at £3.00.06. Paid 16/01/1956. Geo. Bennetts, Bennetts Arcade Stores, The Cash Hardware, Glass and Crockery Stores, 290 Hargreaves Street, Bendigo.