A boudoir cap was popularly worn in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries In its original form, the boudoir cap was worn over undressed hair, It was designed to be worn in the privacy of the boudoir with negligees or nightwear.[andwas often made from lightweightfabrics such as muslin or net and trimmed with silk ribbon and lace. In the 1910s and 1920s, it was used to protect short hairstyles whilst sleeping.This item is an example of a piece of clothing no longer in fashion.Hand crocheted boudoir cap. Light blue thread crochet on top. Fine piece of fabric around centre. Blue and pink border. wire inserted into cap at sides.cap costume-female boudoir-cap handcrafts crochet sleepwear

From the estate of Elsie Cooke. Elsie Cooke was a librarian in Orbost for many years. She was the daughter of John Cooke early Brodribb settler. Elsie Cooke lived all her life in Gippsland,. She was born at Brodribb in 1895 and died in 1970, Elsie Cooke lived at Bruthen for a short time and, in 1937, moved to live with her aunt, Miss Jean Munro. Miss Cooke was Librarian at the Mechanics Institute for many years. Kindness and consideration for other were Miss Cooke’s attributes and she endeared herself to all who knew her. She was a loyal member of the Presbyterian Church and a stalwart of the Ladies’ Guild, an energetic worker for the Municipal Auxiliary and a member of the Red Cross. (ref. Mary Gilbert) Owned by a local Orbost woman's family. Silver-plated watch fob, with two blackened silver double chains connected to a small clasp at base and a t-piece of silver-plated metal at the top for the button hole. Approximately 20cm in length.watch fob, silver chain, pocket watch, 1900s, elsie cooke

From the estate of Elsie Cooke who was the Orbost librarian for many years before 1940's. Elsie Cooke lived all her life in Gippsland,. She was born at Brodribb in 1895 and died in 1970, Elsie Cooke lived at Bruthen for a short time and, in 1937, moved to live with her aunt, Miss Jean Munro. Miss Cooke was Librarian at the Mechanics Institute for many years. Kindness and consideration for other were Miss Cooke’s attributes and she endeared herself to all who knew her. She was a loyal member of the Presbyterian Church and a stalwart of the Ladies’ Guild, an energetic worker for the Municipal Auxiliary and a member of the Red Cross. (ref. Mary Gilbert) Elsie Cooke was a well-respected Orbost identity. This item is an example of a fashionable accessory used by women in the first half of the 20th century.Small black velvet lady's change purse. Metal clasp and black holding string. Velvet has floral design. Purse has two coins inside - 1938 threepence (3d) and 1918 sixpence (6d) purse personal-effects money-containers

A pocket watch (or fob watch) is a watch that is made to be carried in a pocket. Watches were also mounted on a short leather strap or fob, when a long chain would have been cumbersome or likely to catch on things. This fob could also provide a protective flap over their face. Watch chains were introduced about 100 years after pocket watches first appeared in the 16th century. This item is an example of a popular piece of men's jewellery often considered to be a symbol of importance.Man's double, silver fob chain with key for watch.On fob chain - GILTchain silver fob-chain jewelry costume-accessories- male

Used to split shingles or palings from planks of wood. Used in the timber industry and building industries.A paling or shingle knife, also called a froe. The blade is iron, with the sharper edge on the bottom. It has a short wooden handle .paling-knife shingle-knife froe

This riding crop is a short type of whip without a lash, used in horse riding, It would have been used by a rural family in early Orbost.Horses played a vital role in the agricultural history of Orbost. This item is connected to that role.Two whips. .1 is a small leather riding whip with metal casings and small metal horse head at one end. This is a lady's riding crop. .2 is a very long buggy whip with metal casings. Both are hand-made.equestrian whip leather-work

From the estate of Elsie Cook, daughter of early Brodribb settler John Cook. Elsie Cooke lived all her life in Gippsland,. She was born at Brodribb in 1895 and died in 1970, Elsie Cooke lived at Bruthen for a short time and, in 1937, moved to live with her aunt, Miss Jean Munro. Miss Cooke was Librarian at the Mechanics Institute for many years. Kindness and consideration for other were Miss Cooke’s attributes and she endeared herself to all who knew her. She was a loyal member of the Presbyterian Church and a stalwart of the Ladies’ Guild, an energetic worker for the Municipal Auxiliary and a member of the Red Cross. (ref. Mary Gilbert) These items are an example hand-made wooden items of the late 19th centuryTwo small hand-turned wooden egg cups decorated with rings around centre.egg-cups carving handcrafts domestic food

This pretty folding silver lorgnette appears European in styling and may be French. The extensive scratching on the lenses indicates many years of use. This form of lorgnette was popular in the mid to late nineteenth century.This lorgnette is significant to the collection as one of the most ornate.Silver folding short handled lorgnette with pivoted bridge and ornamental loop handle. Round convex lenses badly scratched.lenses, glasses, lorgnette, folding spectacles

Maize has been grown on the Orbost flats for at least 70 years. When early settlers began to arrive on the Snowy River somewhere in the 1880s, the land was mostly swamps and heavily timbered jungle on the river frontages. The swamps were drained, bit by bit, with short handled shovels working in mud and water. The frontages were cleared by axe and shovel and fire. Several kinds of crops were experimented with such as hops, hemp and maize which grew particularly well and became the main crop of district. The problem then was to thresh and deliver the product to the market. A small single cob machine was brought here and one man turned the handle, while the boy or Mum fed the cobs singly into the machine. A good day’s work would thresh about 50 bushels or about 12 bags (4 bushels). The task then was to cart the maize to market. For a few years this was done by horses and dray carrying about 60 bushels to Mossiface, where it was loaded onto river boats to Lakes Entrance, and then by ocean boats to Melbourne. (information from NEWSLETTER OCTOBER, 2006)The growing of maize in the Orbost district contributed significantly to the economy of the township for many years, The many maize cribs once seen on the surrounding farms have now disappeared and this photograph is a pictorial record of that significance.A small sepia photograph with six men in front of a wooden barn. They are bagging maize. In the foreground are two rows of filled bags. On the right is a lifting machine to take the bags to the top storey. On the far right is a water tank on a stand"on back - "Thrashing Maize"maize-orbost agriculture-maize industry

Keith Welch was a local builderBiography in yellow covered spiral binder containing a short biography of Keith Welch (26-12-1920 - 16-7-1968) who built and lived in the house at 23, Campbell Street, Ringwood East. Complied by his widow Gloria Welch in 2008. Contains many family photos and associated family events. The house was sold by Richard Carter in 2013.

Terry Kane and Richard Carter were the authors of the short historyType written notes and plans pertaining to the land titles and history of the Ringwood Secondary College site from 1905, prior to the land being sold by the Borough of Ringwood in 1954 to the Education Department. Transcript of covering letter from Richard Carter to Mr T Kane dated 16 November 2012 - "Re: Ringwood Secondary College As we discussed recently, I have done some research into the history of the site. Going back to 1905, the site, then 26 acres one rood 37 perches, was in the name of Walter James Anderson of 61 William Street, Melbourne, Accountant - most likely a speculator. Title transferred to Theodosia Anderson of 167 Collins Street, Melbourne, Artist - possibly his son - In 1907. Theodosia Anderson was thus the owner when on abortive subdivision Into "110 Splendid Home Sites" as "Bedford Park Estate, Ringwood" took place In 1924, creating Anderson Street, Joyce Street, Adams Street and Graham Road, all of which sank without trace. Theodosia Anderson died In 1933, leaving the property to John Blair, Solicitor of Melbourne and Annie Benson of Melbourne, widow, until title ultimately passed to The Mayor, Councillors and Burgesses of the Borough of Ringwood In 1946. Title was then spilt Into three with 14 acres 0 rood 11 perches being transferred to the Minister of Education on 1954 followed by a further 2 acres 1 rood 26 perches to the Minister In 1956. The balance of the land remains In the ownership of the now Maroondoh City Council as Bedford Park. It Is Interesting that at no stage did any of the land belong to the Commonwealth of Australia, notwithstanding that I always understood It was the site of the P.M.G. Workers Camp after the War. Perhaps the P.M.G. utilized the site by arrangement with the borough of Ringwood; perhaps the camp was on the opposite site of Hill Street (Government Road). More research Is needed on this point. Yours faithfully, CE CARTER & SON PTY LTD Richard Carter Managing Director"

From the estate of Elsie Cooke. Elsie Cooke was a librarian in Orbost for many years. She was the daughter of John Cooke early Brodribb settler. Elsie Cooke lived all her life in Gippsland,. She was born at Brodribb in 1895 and died in 1970, Elsie Cooke lived at Bruthen for a short time and, in 1937, moved to live with her aunt, Miss Jean Munro. Miss Cooke was Librarian at the Mechanics Institute for many years. Kindness and consideration for other were Miss Cooke’s attributes and she endeared herself to all who knew her. She was a loyal member of the Presbyterian Church and a stalwart of the Ladies’ Guild, an energetic worker for the Municipal Auxiliary and a member of the Red Cross. (ref. Mary Gilbert) Pocket watches were the most common type of watch from their development in the 16th century until wristwatches became popular after World War I. Pocket watches were either stem-wound or key-wound. The very first pocket watches, since their creation in the 16th century, up until the third quarter of the 19th century, had key-wind and key-set movements. On a key-wind watch the mainspring is wound by turning a key which usually fits through a hole in the back inner-lid of the watch case. This item is a key wind watch. A silver lady's pocket watch. There are two keys attached with brown tape. The case has engraved patterns on the top and bottom. There is a small ring for attaching a chain. It opens at the back for winding.46792 anchor lion indecipherable mark (could be a duty stamp) scratched -1864 6 M.S.watch sterling-silver cooke-elsie

Australia’s first silver sixpences were struck in sterling silver (92.5% silver, 7.5% copper) dated 1910 from the London Mint and don’t feature a mintmark. From 1916 to 1926, the Melbourne and Sydney mints were striking sixpences with dates between 1916-1920. From the estate of Elsie Cooke. Elsie Cooke lived all her life in Gippsland,. She was born at Brodribb in 1895 and died in 1970, Elsie Cooke lived at Bruthen for a short time and, in 1937, moved to live with her aunt, Miss Jean Munro. Miss Cooke was Librarian at the Mechanics Institute for many years. Kindness and consideration for other were Miss Cooke’s attributes and she endeared herself to all who knew her. She was a loyal member of the Presbyterian Church and a stalwart of the Ladies’ Guild, an energetic worker for the Municipal Auxiliary and a member of the Red Cross. (ref. Mary Gilbert) This is an early example of a pre-decimal coin.This 1918 Australian sixpence obverse has the robed and crowned bust of King George V facing left, with the legend: 'GEORGIVS V D.G.BRITT:OMN:REX F.D.IND:IMP:' and a dot below. The reverse shows the word 'SIXPENCE' and the Australian Coat of Arms. A kangaroo and an emu hold a shield, with a star above. Below this is a scroll with the words 'ADVANCE AUSTRALIA'. Underneath that is 1918.Obverse: 'GEORGIVS V D.G.BRITT:OMN:REX F.D.IND:IMP:' and a dot below. Reverse: 'SIXPENCE' and the Australian Coat of Arms. A kangaroo and an emu hold a shield, with a star above. Below this is a scroll with the words 'ADVANCE AUSTRALIA'. Underneath that is 1918.coin sixpence-1918 cooke-elsie

In the late 40s and 50s country music was very popular in Australia. In a relatively short time from the late 50s, rock & roll had supplanted other genres of popular music, dominating the city stages and radio and TV airwaves. Country music remained popular in regional country areas.This item is an example of music popular in the 1940's and 1950's in country Australia. The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century, replacing the phonograph cylinder record. Records were still the most popular medium even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed. By the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991.A 78 rpm black gramophone record. On the A side is Ninety-Nine Ways, sung by Johnny Frank and on the b side is Gone by Rex Turner. It is a W. & G. Elected Release from the Aberbach Album Series.WC - XPN Aberbach 395 Aust Pty Ltd gramophone-record music-country

this is an example of a personal item which would have been in common use in the first half of the 20th century.A wooden backed hand mirror which is oval shaped with a short handle.personal-effects mirror-hand

This clip was not made to be worn in the hair, it was made to create fingercurls, a style of hairdo very popular in the 1920's and 1930's. The 1920's and 30's saw new simple hairstyles. The hair was often short and cut into a bob shape and then curled or more commonly ornamented with fingerwaves. the children came in. These hairclips were used to hold the curl in place as the hair dried.These items are examples of women's hair accessories commonly used in the mid 20th century.Two metal butterfly clips for waving hair. They are spring hinged and probably made of aluminium.hair-accessories hair-clips

This set is an example of personal grooming items commonly used by women in the first half of the 20th centuryAn oval shaped hairbrush with short handle. it is silver coloured and ornately embossed. The bristles are natural and the back and handle are possibly tin/silver plated?

This T shirt was sold as a souvenir of Orbost in the 1980's -1990's.This item was made for the tourism industry in Orbost.A short sleeved, round-neck white T shirt with a cartoon captioned "Where the hell is..." There is a kangaroo with an echidna and next to a signpost with a koala climbing up the pole and a kookaburra sitting on the top. Beneath this is "Orbost Vic" clothing souvenir tourism

In October 2006, Orbost Secondary College 9/10 Enhancement Studies Class worked to preserve the memories of the Orbost community with three short films describing recollections of Orbost floods. There are ten stories including memories of the 1952, 1971 and 1991 floods. They are narrated by various Orbost identities - Anne Bridges; Kay Lynn; Ken Edlington; Margaret Adams; Max Reynols; Shirley Reynolds and Ngaere Donald.Floods have been part of the history of Orbost since settlement. These stories record impressions of local people.A D.V.D. in a black plastic case. On the cover ia a brown sketch of a tree. Above in black print is the title, "Flood Stories" with " Year 9/10 Enhancement Studies 2006 presents" at the top.sticker and stamp - Orbost & District Historical Society

This photograph was taken inside the Orbost Butter Factory.The Orbost Butter and Produce Co. Ltd was registered on June 1st 1893 and was an important source of income to the Orbost district.A b/w photograph of a man in a white short-sleevedoverall standing behind vats of butter inside the Orbost Butter Factory.

The Percy Uebergang family lived at Tooram Park, Allansford from 1912 until 1992. Percy and Myrtle Uebergang's children were twins, Ray and Joyce born in 1926 who lived at Tooram Park until their deaths, Ray in 1986 and Joyce in 1992. Neither Ray nor Joyce married and following the death of her brother Joyce set up the Ray and Joyce Uebergang Foundation which supports the local community. This photograph is part of the collection of items given into the care of the Cheese World Museum. Uebergang catalogue No.K14Photograph of twins Ray and Joyce Uebergang at approximately 3 years of age. Ray is standing beside a table and Joyce stands next to him. Ray is dressed in dark shorts and a light coloured shirt, tie and tiepin, long white socks and button-up shoes. Joyce is wearing a white embroidered frock with a scalloped hemline and short sleeves. She has short socks with garters and button-up shoes.allansford, uebergang, tooram park, ray uebergang, joyce uebergang, jordan studio, warrnambool, liebig street, photographs, children's costume, photography

This is a SPRA, or Schermuly’s Pistol Rocket Apparatus. The large firearm type pistol would have been used to throw a line between ships, usually in the event of saving lives. The line throwing pistol consists of a long barrel with handle attached, a pistol grip and trigger, which fires a short blank cartridge. Accessories for the pistol included: flares, 12 gauge adaptor (to shoot 12 gauge flares), a wood plunger, and boxes of faked line. The stamp on the handle, Crown over "NP" is a Birmingham Proof House mark that dates the pistol between 1904 and 1954. However Schermuly's line throwing pistol was invented in the 192s and used on British Naval Ships from 1929. The serial number '22507' is only 806 numbers later than one on sale as a British Military WWII issue SRPA '21701'. This pistol appears to be made 125-1945. The apparatus was used as a life saving device for crew and passengers on vessels in distress that were only a few hundred metres from shore, often eliminating the need to launch a boat and risk lives to go out to the vessel in dangerous conditions. It could also be used from ship to ship rescue. The pistol would launch a line from shore to the vessel. The line would be attached to the vessel, then shore crew would send out equipment, including a breeches buoy, in which the stranded people could be pulled to shore. It has saved many lives at sea. The cartridge is loaded into the breech of the pistol and the rocket is inserted into the muzzle. On pulling the trigger, the gases generated by the fired cartridge eject the rocket on its correct line of flight, and at the same time, burst through the waterproof disc and ignite the propellant mixture, which carries the rocket and line on the remainder of the flight. The rocket consists of a weldless steel case filled with propellant mixture sealed in by a waterproof disc. Fixed to the rocket case is a direction bridle, to the end of which a short length of flexible steel wire is attached, this in turn being connected to the end of the line to be thrown. A complete rocket set, or line throwing kit. would include a wood carrying case, two coils of faked line in separate compartments, three rockets and a can of six cartridges. William Schermuly (1857 – 1929) - Founder of the Schermuly business. In 1897 he invented a trough-fired, line throwing apparatus. In 1920 he and his third son, Alfred James Schermuly, invented the pistol rocket apparatus and promoted this overseas during the 1920s. The system was approved by the British Navy in 1929 through an Act of Parliament, which made it compulsory for ships over 500 tons to carry this equipment. The company, Schermuly Pistol Rocket Apparatus Ltd., grew quickly during and after World War II but business eased off during the 1970s before it eventually closed in the 1990s. Saving lives in Warrnambool – The coastline of South West Victoria is the site of over 600 shipwrecks and many lost lives; even in Warrnambool’s Lady Bay there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905, with eight lives lost. Victoria’s Government responded to the need for lifesaving equipment and, in 1858, the provision of rocket and mortar apparatus was approved for the lifeboat stations. In 1859 the first Government-built lifeboat arrived at Warrnambool Harbour and a shed was soon built for it on the Tramway Jetty, followed by a rocket house in 1864 to safely store the rocket rescue equipment. In 1878 the buildings were moved to the Breakwater (constructed from 1874-1890), and in 1910 the new Lifeboat Warrnambool arrived with its ‘self-righting’ design. For almost a hundred years the lifesaving and rescue crews, mostly local volunteers, trained regularly to rehearse and maintain their rescue skills. They were summoned when needed by alarms, gunshots, ringing bells and foghorns. In July 1873 a brass bell was erected at Flagstaff Hill specifically to call the rescue crew upon news of a shipwreck. Some crew members became local heroes but all served an important role. Rocket apparatus was used as recently as the 1950s. This line-throwing pistol is part of he Rocket Launching Equipment used to perform life-saving rescue at sea from the 1920s. It is significant for its connection with local history, maritime history and marine technology. Lifesaving has been an important part of the services performed from Warrnambool's very early days, supported by State and Local Government, and based on the methods and experience of Great Britain. Hundreds of shipwrecks along the coast are evidence of the rough weather and rugged coastline. Ordinary citizens, the Harbour employees, and the volunteer boat and rescue crew, saved lives in adverse circumstances. Some were recognised as heroes, others went unrecognised. In Lady Bay, Warrnambool, there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905. Many lives were saved but tragically, eight lives were lost.Pistol, line-throwing, SPRA (Schermuly's Pistol Rocket Apparatus). This line throwing pistol has a wooden pistol grip, brass trigger mechanism, and a long, wide, steel barrel with Bakelite handle attached to the top. Inscriptions are stamped onto the pistol.Stamped on handle: "5" and "[symbol of a Crown] above NP" , "22507", "[within oval] SPRA" Stamped on barrel: "L22507".gun, pistol, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, line throwing, line throwing pistol, spra, schermuly's pistol rocket apparatus, sea rescue, pyrotechnicks, marine technology, schermuly pistol rocket apparatus ltd., william schermuly, alfred schermuly, pistol line thrower, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, maritime village, lady bay, warrnambool harbour, port of warrnambool, shipwreck, life-saving, lifesaving, rescue crew, rescue, rocket rescue, rocket crew, beach rescue, line rescue, rescue equipment, rocket firing equipment, rocket rescue equipment, maritime accidents, shipwreck victim, rocket equipment, rescue boat, lifeboat, volunteer lifesavers, volunteer crew, life saving rescue crew, lifesaving rescue crew, rocket apparatus, rocket rescue method, shore to ship, rocket apparatus rescue, stranded vessel, line throwing mortar, rocket rescue apparatus, line thrower, lifeboat warrnambool, rocket machine, rocket head, rocket launcher, rocket line, beach rescue set, rocket set, schermuly, line-firing pistol, line throwing gun, pistol rocket apparatus, line throwing cartridge, line-throwing rocket, firearm, life saving, lsrc

A dowel is a cylindrical rod, usually made of wood. In its original manufactured form, a dowel is called a dowel rod. Dowel rods are often cut into short lengths called dowel pins.These are commonly used as structural reinforcements in cabinet making and in joining large timbers together. To make a dowel, a piece of wood is split or whittled to a size slightly bigger than desired and to place the stock into a vice then rotate past a fixed knife, or alternatively, to rotate the knife around the stock such as the subject tool was used. Machines based on this principle emerged in the 19th century. Frequently, these are small bench-mounted tools, prior to this time dowels had to be cut by hand. The tool is an example of early to late 19th century hand tool used to make timber dowels. It is not associated with an historical event, person or place, makers provenance is unable to be determined at this time. Many small American and British tool manufactures were taken over by Stanley tools after 1843 when the company was established and this item could have been made by one of these. However the subject item appears to be rare and would be regarded as a collector's item.An adjustable woodworking tool know as a Moot, used for making Trunnels or Treenails (Dowels) for fastening joints in timber. Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, moot, trunnels, treenails, circular, dowels, woodworking tool

An adze is an ancient and versatile cutting tool similar to an axe but with the cutting edge perpendicular to the handle rather than parallel. Adzes are used for smoothing or carving wood in hand woodworking, and as a hoe for agriculture and horticulture. Two basic forms of an adze are the hand adze (short hoe) a short handled tool swung with one hand and the foot adze (hoe) a long handled tool capable of powerful swings using both hands, the cutting edge usually striking at foot or shin level. Mathieson & Sons Maker: In 1792 John Manners had set up a workshop making woodworking planes at 14 Saracens Lane Glasgow. He also had employed an apprentice Alexander Mathieson (1773-1851). But in the following year at Saracen's Lane, the 1841 census describes Alexander Mathieson as a master plane-maker now at 38 Saracen Lane with his son Thomas Adam working with him as a journeyman plane-maker. Presumably, Alexander must have taken over the premises and business of John Manners. Now that the business had Thomas Adam Mathieson working with his father it gradually grew and became more diversified, and it is recorded at the time by the Post-Office Glasgow Annual Directory that by 1847-1848 Alexander Mathieson was a “plane, brace, bit, auger & edge tool maker” In 1849 the firm of James & William Stewart at 65 Nicholson Street, Edinburgh was taken over and Thomas was put in charge of the business, trading under the name Thomas A. Mathieson & Co. as plane and edge-tool makers. Thomas company went on to acquire the Edinburgh edge-tool makers “Charles & Hugh McPherson” and took over their premises in Gilmore Street. In the Edinburgh directory of 1856/7, the business is recorded as being Alexander Mathieson & Son, plane and edge-tool makers at 48 Nicholson Street and Paul's Work, Gilmore Street Edinburgh. The 1851 census Alexander is recorded as working as a tool and plane-maker employing eight men. Later that year Alexander died and his son Thomas took over the business. Under the heading of an edge-tool maker in the 1852/3 Post-Office Glasgow Annual Directory the firm is now listed as Alexander Mathieson & Son, with further entries as "turning-lathe and vice manufacturers". By the early 1850s, the business had moved to 24 Saracen Lane. The directory for 1857/8 records that the firm had moved again only a few years later to East Campbell Street, off the Gallowgate area, and that through further diversification was also manufacturing coopers' and tin men's tools. The ten-yearly censuses report the firm's growth in 1861 stating that Thomas was a tool manufacturer employing 95 men and 30 boys; in 1871 he had 200 men working for him and in 1881 300 men. By 1899 the firm had been incorporated as Alexander Mathieson & Sons Ltd, even though only Alexander's son Thomas appears ever to have joined the firm so the company was still in his fathers' name. In September 1868 Thomas Mathieson put a notice in the newspapers of the Sheffield & Rotherham Independent and the Sheffield Daily Telegraph stating that his firm had used the trade-mark of a crescent and star "for some time" and that "using or imitating the Mark would be proceeded against for infringement". The firm had acquired its interest in the crescent-and-star mark from the heirs of Charles Pickslay, the Sheffield cutler who had registered it with the Cutlers' Company in 1833 and had died in 1852. The year 1868 seems also to be the one in which the name Saracen Tool Works was first adopted; not only does it figure at the foot of the notice in the Sheffield press, it also makes its first appearance in the firm's entry in the Post-Office Glasgow Annual Directory in the 1868/9 edition. As Thomas Mathieson's business grew, so too did his involvement in local public life and philanthropy. One of the representatives of the third ward on the town council of Glasgow, he became a river Bailie in 1868, a magistrate in 1870 and a preceptor of Hutcheson's Hospital in 1878. He had a passion for books and was an "ardent Ruskinian". He served on the committee handling the bequest for the setting up of the Mitchell Library in Glasgow. When he died at Coulter Maynes near Biggar in 1899, he left an estate worth £142,764. The firm of Alexander Mathieson & Sons was one of the leading makers of hand tools in Scotland. Its success went hand in hand with the growth of the shipbuilding industries on the Firth of Clyde in the nineteenth century and the emergence of Glasgow as the "second city of the Empire". It also reflected the firm's skill in responding to an unprecedented demand for quality tools by shipyards, cooperages and other industries, both locally and far and wide.Coopers Adze steel with wooden handle No 194 A Mathieson & Sons Glasgowflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road

A gentleman's chair, gent's chair or grandfather chair is a term usually applied in Australia to a deep upholstered Victorian easy chair, often button-backed and with upholstered arms. The chair generally stood on short cabriole legs and had a 'spoon' or a wide balloon back. The 'show wood', that is, the polished frame, was usually mahogany or walnut, although many examples in Australian red cedar have survived. There are Australian versions of the gentleman's chair, ladies chair and matching settees, usually made from cedar, and occasionally from blackwood. As cedar is a softer timber than walnut, mahogany and rosewood, from which the English versions were made, the carving is usually not as crisp as in the imported version. However the Australian blackwood gentleman's chair is often difficult to distinguish from a good quality English walnut example. The Edwardian form of the gentleman's chair is much squarer in outline, with short turned legs and the arms are often supported by spindles. There was sometimes a row of spindles, like a gallery, beneath the top rail. The chairs were frequently upholstered in leather.An item probably made in Australia during the latter half of the Victorian era and is significant as it was made in Australia at a time when furniture and many other household items were imported from either America or England.Cedar Gentleman's armchair, upholstered and buttoned in brown leather, scalloped and carved with Prince of Wales Feather on back, arms are scrolled and carved with Acanthus leaf design and finished on tulip turned legs with brass and porcelain castors. circa 1870 Australian made. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, furniture, chair, armchair

An oar is an implement used for water-borne propulsion. Oars have a flat blade at one end. Rowers grasp the oar at the other end. The difference between oars and paddles is that oars are used exclusively for rowing. In rowing the oar is connected to the vessel by means of a pivot point for the oar, either an oarlock, or a hole. The oar is placed in the pivot point with a short portion inside the vessel, and a much larger portion outside. The rower pulls on the short end of the oar, while the long end is in the water. By contrast, paddles, are held in both hands by the paddler, and are not attached to the vessel. Rowers generally face the stern of the vessel, reach towards the stern, and insert the blade of their oar in the water. As they lean back, towards the vessel's bow, the blade of their oars pivots in the oarlock, and the end in the water moves towards the stern, providing forward thrust. There also is another way of propelling a small craft it's called a sculling oar which is attached to the transom and used to propel a small vessels rather than using two oars as previously described. It is believed the subject item is just such an oar given it’s long blade associated with a sculling oar. For thousands of years vessels were powered either by sails, or by the mechanical work of rowers, or by paddlers. Some ancient vessels were propelled by both oars and sail, depending on the speed and direction of the wind. Wooden oars, with canoe-shaped pottery, dating from 5000–4500 BC have been discovered in a Hemudu culture site at Yuyao, Zhejiang, in modern China. The history of man using wooden oars to propel a boat has a considerable record in marine archaeology going back many centuries. The item is significant for marine archaeology as it gives a snapshot into how a small row boat was powered using a wooden sculling oar. A method of propelling a small boat still used today an example is the gondoliers in Venice using a sculling oar in a circular motion to propel his craft. Single sculling oar with long flat blade, two copper bands, on blade with rowlock fittingNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, boat oar, sculling oar, row boat

2 oars with copper capping on end of the blades and leather strap around the areas of the oar that fit through the row locks (877.2 only). 2 metal strips on 877.1. One oar is 2cm shorter. (Unrestored "877.1" oar located in 26 22).flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

In 1848, 43-year-old John Clarke launched a cutlery business in Harvest Lane in Neepsend, Sheffield UK. Clarke entered the trade late in life he was indenture and apprenticed to Octavius Twigg, a razor maker. Clarke was granted his Freedom in 1856 and began using the trademark 'NEVA'. By the 1860s, Thomas Clarke's son by his wife Elizabeth had joined the firm. When John Clarke died at his home at Augusta Place, Rock Street, Sheffield on 25 July 1873 (aged 68), he only employed six workmen.  By 1881, Thomas had expanded this number to twenty.  He sold a wide range of cutlery and was also an ‘emigration agent’, the Sheffield Independent, of 7th September in 1886 had an article published stating Thomas helped to recruit personnel from England for cutlery centers in America.  In 1893 Clarke’s showroom displayed miniature knives from '5/16ths-inch long to the most expensive sportsman's knives, that were gold and silver mounted.  Table knives and carvers were also manufactured (or factored).  Agencies were opened in London, New York, and Melbourne.  Besides ‘NEVA, the ‘EXPRESS’ and ‘RING’ marks were used on razors; and Clarke’s marketed the American ‘GEM’ safety razor.  By 1901, the firm had moved to Mowbray Street, where its Mowbray Works overlooked the River Don. Thomas Clarke died at Harrogate on 26 April 1902, aged 62, and was buried in the same Burngreave cemetery as his parents.  Thomas’s sons, John Roome Clarke (1860-1925) and Thomas Edward Clarke, were directors, another son George William Clarke was a shareholder. John Roome Clarke died on 3 February 1925, aged 64  his son, John Clarke, of Crimicar Lane, remained as the senior partner.  Clarke’s was one of the last producers of hand-made pocket knives and it also produced a large output of sheath knives for scouting associations. The firm was liquidated in 1964, but the company name was resurrected and Its last address after 1980 was at 65 Garden Street Sheffield.  The company trademark passed on to Meteor Industries and then to Egginton Ltd. Weber & Co: The Clarke company purchased or (factored) many of its blades for razors and knives from Weber & Co of Solingen Germany. The full name of the firm originally was Jowika Stahlwarenfabrik Eugen Weber & Altenbach KG. It was founded in Solingen prior to 1928, under the name Johann & Wilhelm Kleinewefers GMBH, Messerfabrik. JWK for short, hence JoWiKa. The company was sold to Eugen Weber in the 1930s. Weber was married to a woman named Altenbach, from a family that manufactured innovative low-priced pocketknives, as well as other cutlery items. In 1960 Weber opened a branch factory in Listowel Ireland. It was sold to Albert M. Baer of Imperial Schrade in 1978. The Listowel factory was closed about a year and a half before the U.S. Schrade factory closed in 2004 and the Jowika factory in Solingen had closed in 1984.An item with an interesting manufacturing history from the 1930s showing how one man can grow a business into a successful concern that made quality products that stand the test of time.Razor metal folding blade with horn handle in its original cardboard box Inscription Made by John Clarke and Son England. "Champion" razor. On box " The Champion 10/6d" and "Weber Lohmann & Co SOLINGEN".flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

The Ovens pottery operated from 1881 to1892 they had taken over H L & E pottery at Beechworth in 1888 but mounting debts forced the Ovens company to close in 1892. During their short ten years of operation they produced stoneware garden urns, vases, cheese dishes, ginger beer bottles, butter coolers, water filters, wine and spirit barrels, bread plates, jugs, teapots, storage jars, pots, tiles, flower pots, spittoons, basins, bowls, demijohns, lidded crocks, pipes and bricks.A significant item made by an early Australian pottery in Beechworth Victoria, this company made many utilitarian items for the Victorian domestic market. It gives us today a snapshot into early Australian companies that were unable to sustain manufacturing their products into the 20th century, due in part to the rising imports of cheaper items from overseas.Red terracotta butter cooler comprising, round base with ridged lip, and bell shaped, domed lid with spherical handle on topMarked "Ovens Pottery, Co Ltd, Patd 1890, Beechworth" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, cooler, terracotta cooler, utensil, kitchen ware, terracotta, food container, food preservation, butter cooler, ovens pottery

W Baker and Co-produced many different types of pottery at their Fenton Potteries, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire England. The company was established in 1790 by Ralph Bourne and William Baker the company was working at capacity by the end of the century. By the late 1820's Bourne and Baker, in partnership with John Bourne, had acquired additional works opposite the first in 1833. With the deaths of John Bourne and William Baker, the partnership was dissolved, and then for a short time, the business was carried on by Ralph Bourne and William Baker junior and John Baker. By the early 1840s, William Baker was running it alone and was then using 'machinery for the potteries manufacturing operations in addition to the mill that was producing the raw clay. The business was subsequently carried on by William Baker and Company that were known for the making of printed, sponged, and pearl-white granite ware for export in the early 1880s at the Fenton works between Manor and Fountain Streets. The original works on the south side of City Road were by then an en-caustic tile works, apparently still in the hands of the Baker family. The pottery works flourished under William Baker’s management and by the middle of the nineteenth century with almost 500 employees was the biggest firm in Fenton. An early piece of ironstone Staffordshire pottery now a collector's item showing the types of domestic items that were exported from England to its colonies towards the end of the nineteenth century and into the beginning of the twentieth.Water pitcher ironstone ceramic white with raised embossed Lilly of the valley decoration around handle and lip sections. Marked on bottom, "Royal stone china, Baker and Co, England" with emblem of lion, crown and unicornflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, jug, kitchen utensil, kitchen ware, water pitcher