Showing 1857 items
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Federation University Historical Collection
Flag - Australian Flag, Red Australian Flag
The Australian Red Ensign is a variant flag of Australia. This flag was probably used for a patriotic purpose in Ballarat, such as the end of World War One. The Red Ensign was the only flag private citizens could fly on land. By traditional British understanding, the Blue Ensign was reserved for Commonwealth Government use, with State and local governments, private organisations and individuals all using the Red Ensign.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Australia) There was some confusion over appropriate use of the ensigns until the Flags Act 1953 set the Blue Ensign as the national flag, and the Red Ensign as the flag of the Australian mercantile marine. Red ensigns continued to be used in Anzac Day marches into the 1960s.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Australia) Small red paper Australian flag attached to a stick. The Red Ensign features the Commonwealth Star at the hoist, and the Southern Cross in the other half.ballarat, flag, australian ensign, world war, australian flag, red ensign -
Sunshine and District Historical Society Incorporated
Seed & Fertilizer Drill Panel, Between 1921 and 1930
The item is an end panel from the box section of a "SUN' Seed & Fertilizer Drill. It was manufactured by H.V. McKay Pty. Ltd. at their agricultural machinery manufacturing plant in Sunshine Victoria. The date of manufacture is estimated to be somewhere between 1921 and 1930 because of the imprint H.V. McKay Pty. Ltd. According to the Museum Metadata Exchange (http://museumex.org/oai/mv/2749) the Sunshine Harvester Works was reformed as H.V. McKay Pty. Ltd. in 1921 and in 1930 it became H.V. McKay Massey Harris Pty. Ltd after a merger with the Canadian farm machinery manufacturer Massey Harris. The two events in 1921 and in 1930 are also confirmed by Churchward, M. (2006) at (http://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/articles/2010).This early 20th century item is a relic of the agricultural machinery manufacturing past of Sunshine Victoria. The company started by H. V. McKay no longer exists and neither do the subsequent manufacturing companies H.V. McKay Massey Harris Pty. Ltd., and the later Massey Ferguson (Aust.) Limited. Manufacturing has disappeared from this site being replaced by a shopping centre and other retail outlets, high rise apartments, law courts, police station, Vic Roads, and soon will house the new Brimbank Council offices and library.Brown rusty cast iron end panel from a Seed & Fertilizer Drill"SUN" / SEED & FERTILIZER DRILL / H.V. McKAY PTY. LTD / MAKERS / SUNSHINE / D879 agricultural machinery, sun, "sun" seed & fertilizer drill, h.v. mckay pty. ltd., d879, 1921, 1930, sunshine -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, The Train of Knowledge, hauled by an X-class diesel locomotive, X48, near Ballan, c.October 1982, 1982
X48 entered service in 1977 (Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Railways_X_class_(diesel)) The car immediately behind the locomtive is State Car No. 2 (Melville) which was used as a power unit for the train. https://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/c160v03.htm Train of Knowledge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_of_Knowledge The Train of Knowledge was an Australian school camp on wheels, allowing students and teachers to visit multiple locations around Victoria without having to organise accommodation or transport. The train was formed originally with whatever rolling stock was available, but within a few years it had settled to a standard consist made up to carry between 80 and 90 school children, 6 teachers and four railway staff members. As of 1976, the consist used up to five of the six available E type sleeping cars, each with 20 berths, plus the shower car Carey, formerly a horsebox, Melville, a former royal carriage used to provide power for lighting, heating and cooking, 43BPL (a former sitting carriage) used as a classroom, and Avoca as the dining car for the train, with 48 seats allowing serving the whole train meals in two sittings.Digital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford FP4 black and white transparencyballan, train of knowledge, x48, x-class diesel locomotive, state car no.2 (melville) -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Folder, Morrison Kleeman, 1 Abbey Mews, Eltham, 2018
Morrison Kleeman Real Estate sales information material. Property history Sold $1,005,000 August 16, 2018 by Morrison Kleeman - Eltham, Greensborough, Doreen Sold $165,000 June 1, 1986 https://www.realestate.com.au/property/1-abbey-mews-eltham-vic-3095/ Colour brochure, 4 pages, 1 fold, double sided, 23.5 x 23.5 cmgayle blackwood collection, houses, morrison kleeman real estate, abbey mews, eltham, properties, woodridge estate -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Turntable at Echuca rail yards; steam locomotive J-500 at the coal hopper in distance, November 1963, 1963
Image dated as November 1963 based on same image in Port of Echuca collection (print 19.5 x 24.5cm) On reverse in pencil: " J Class 1940-1960's" . In blue pen:" Photo by: George L. Coop Nov 1963" https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/59dea30a21ea6b12dc430192Digital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford FP3 black and white negative transparencyechuca railway station, george coop collection, j-500, j-class steam locomotive (vulcan foundry), railway turntable -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Steam locomotive R-711, Echuca Railway Station, November 1963, 1963
Image dated as Nov. 1963 based on same image in Port of Echuca collection (print 19 x 24.5cm) On reverse in blue pen:" Photo by: George L. Coop Nov 1963". In pencil : " Echuca Rail Yard. J Class" https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/59deb9e721ea6f12dca8efdbDigital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford FP3 black and white negative transparencyechuca, echuca rail yard, echuca railway station, george coop collection, r-711, railway workshop, r-class steam locomotive -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, George Coop, L-class electric locomotive L1152 at Flinders Street Railway Yard, 22 August 1983, 1983
L1152 entered service Wednesday, 29th April 1953 and was withdrawn Thursday, 9th October 1986 Scrapped January 1988 Source: Vicsig.net https://vicsig.net/index.php?page=locomotives&number=1152&class=L&type=Electric%20(1500V%20DC)&orgstate=VDigital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Kodak Safety 5062 black and white transparencyflinders street railway yard, l class electric locomotive, l1152 -
Federation University Historical Collection
Postcard - black and white, E. Le Deley, Messines - Rue de la Pierre, c1917
Holmes Family Ascot WW1 memorabilia This card was most probably sent from Harry Holmes to a family member in Ascot, Victoria during his overseas service during World War One. http://www.army.gov.au/Our-history/History-in-Focus/The-Battle-of-Messines-1917Black and white postcard with a photographic impression of Messines - Rue de la Pierre.Unwritten postcard.chatham-holmes family collection, world war one, ascot, messines, holmes, chatham-holmes family collection, world war one, ascot, messines, holmes, postcard -
Coal Creek Community Park & Museum
Frames, glass negative, Post 1890's
Bid or Buy website https://www.bidorbuy.co.za/item/338985636/Antique_wooden_glass_photo_print_frame_Jaynay_non_slipping_patent_frame_as_per_photo.html Antique wooden glass photo print frame - Jaynay non-slipping patent frame - as per photo Another item described as 'vintage wooden photos print frame for glass negatives - as per photo Six vintage wooden photo print frames for glass negatives, three small, 2 average and one larger. System of wedges and sprung brackets to hold glass, velvet / felt covered wooden backs into frames. Some possibly made from recycled wood.One stamped on back ' THE JAYNAY NON-SLIPPING PATENT FRAME'. Another with 'PRIMUS BRITISH MADE' on back. Another with written in pencil on front of frame 'NONA TURTON' .photographic equipment, negative frame -
Unions Ballarat
AFMEU Occupational Health and Safety Manual 1994, 1994
Automotive, Food, Metal & Engineering Union (AFMEU). The AFMEU has existed under various names over time. After many amalgamations, it is currently under the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union (AMWU). An historical timeline for the union(s) can be found at http://www.vicunions.org.au/affiliatesHistorical document. Significant to occupational health and safety, particularly for members of the AFMEU and people working in the automobile industry.Paperback book.Front cover: title and year. Back cover: advertising.btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, ballarat regional trades and labour council, unions, automotive, food, metal & engineering union, afmeu, oh&s, occupational health and safety, automobile industry -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Tram 17 Wendouree Parade, Keith Kings, 18/9/1971
Photo taken by Keith Kings on 18/9/1971, of a film crew shooting of John 'Jack' Anderson, "The Last Tram" which documented a ride through the city of Ballarat in 1971 using tram 17. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGL-0qiahBc for the film.Yields information about the shooting of a film by the Commonwealth film unit in Ballarat.Black and white print on paper with photographer notes and stamp on the rearSee rear image.tramways, ballarat, films, closure, jack anderson -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Certificate - Certificate - Exemption from Service in the Defence Force, Herbert Vivian, 11/06/1942
Exemptions from serving in the military were made during World War II to protect certain occupations. See this article from the Australian War Museum: https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/homefront/reserved_occupations#:~:text=In%20March%201942%20the%20list,for%20any%20change%20of%20employment.Certificate of Exemption from Service in the defence force. Granted to Herbert L. Vivian, as he was employed in a reserved occupation, as a fireman. Printed form, details typed in.world war ii, second world war, exemption certificate, reserved occupation, vivian family records -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Book, Dept. of Veterans' Affairs, Fromelles and the Somme: Australians on the Western Front [by] Peter Burness, 2006
The numbers are distressing, even a century later - on the Western Front in France during the Great War some 265,000 Australians served against the enemy - more than 46,000 of them lost their lives, many thousands more injured, This book tells some of the story - Review by http://www.diversitybooks.com.auSoftcover 80 p. : chiefly ill., maps, ports, captioned illustrations (AWM Archives) throughout, plus a line-drawn map. Covered in plasticISBN 1920720693fromelle, somme, world war 1914-1918, military campaign -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Painting, portrait, 1996
The subject of the painting, Dr Michael J Davis, was appointed ANZCA President in 1993 until 1995. The portrait was commissioned in 1996. Further information about Dr. M Davies can be found on Lives of the Fellows; http://anzca.online-exhibition.net/fellows/fellows-1992/michael-joseph-davies/Oil painting on canvas of the ANZCA President Dr Michael J Davies seated in front of a plain grey background wearing both the Presidential gown and medal. Set within a gold leaf frame with a brass plaque affixed to bottom centre of frame.[plaque] Dr Michael J Davies / President / 1993 - 1995 [Artist's signature lower left corner] Paul Fitzgerald / -1996-painting, anzca president, davies, michael, fitzgerald, paul -
Queenscliffe Maritime Museum
Tool - Navigation, ship's Log, 25 May 2011
A Ship's Log looked very similar to a torpedo but was used to measure the speed of a ship. When dragged behind the vessel, movement of water past the propeller caused it to rotate, turning the small needle dials to record the distance and speed travelled. https://museumsvictoria.com.au/immigrationmuseum/resources/journeys-to-australia/Ship's Log Display HeadWalkers Cherub 111 ships lognavigation, speed, knot, chip log, log, thomas walker and son -
Parks Victoria - Mount Buffalo Chalet
Camera
The Vest Pocket Kodak cameras were a best-selling folding camera series made by Eastman Kodak (Rochester), from 1912 to 1926. They were the first cameras to use the smaller 127 film reels.(http://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Vest_Pocket_Kodak) One of the items collected by Roger Jones.Listed in Draft Inventory of Significant Collection items. Appendix A.3, Snow sports equipment and other recreational items. (Pg 166 Historica)..1 Camera, small black metal with extendable leather sleeve with lens. Is covered in leatherette. .2 Camera case - brown leather with press stud closure."V.P AUTOGRAPHIC KODAK SPECIAL" -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Magazine Article, J.E. Barnes, Wattle Day Celebration - The First Excursion to the Picturesque Hurst’s-Bridge District; A few of the blossom gatherers; Table Talk, September 5, p23, 1912
The September 5, 1912 issue of Table Talk celebrated "Wattle Day" where new plantings are made of the national flower and featured images from both Melbourne as well as the first excursion to Hurstbridge. Those from Hurstbridge were photographed by notable WW1 photographer, J.E. Barnes. Also digitised and accessible via National Library of Australia Trove website - (1912, September 5). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 23. Retrieved July 28, 2024, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page17413107 See an article on reflections about Wattle Day on page 29 - SOME REFLECTIONS UPON WATTLE DAY. (1912, September 5). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 29. Retrieved July 28, 2024, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146180986 The inaugural Hurstbridge Wattle Day Festival was held Saturday, September 1, 1912 when a specially commissioned train brought 1,000 visitors to the district to enjoy the splendour of the wattle in bloom. “Melbourne’s first “Wattle Day” Campaign, the day when Australia’s national flower was to be all pervading in the streets of the metropolis, and sold in sprigs and bunches by hundred of lady volunteers, for purposes of charity, was not blessed with happy climatic conditions on Monday [2 Sep 1912]” - WATTLE DAY. (1912, September 7). Leader (Melbourne, Vic. : 1862 - 1918, 1935), p. 39. Retrieved July 28, 2024, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article198116738 “In connection with Wattle Day celebrations a special train conveyed a thousand people to Hurst's-Bridge last Saturday afternoon [1 Sep 1912]. Lengthy reports of the excursion appeared in the daily papers last Monday. - WATTLE DAY. (1912, September 6). Evelyn Observer and Bourke East Record (Vic. : 1902 - 1917), p. 2 (MORNING.). Retrieved July 28, 2024, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60656027 See a review of the excursion to Hurst’s-Bridge - HURST'S-BRIDGE EXCURSION. (1912, September 2). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 9. Retrieved July 28, 2024, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article196255907 The excursion to Hurst’s-Bridge was considered such a success that the Railway department arranged to run another special train to the station on Saturday, October 5, 1912 - HURST'S-BRIDGE EXCURSION. (1912, October 2). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved July 28, 2024, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203325447Inaugural Hurstbridge Wattle Day Festival held 1 September 1912d3-class steam locomotive, hurstbridge wattle festival, special train, tait train, tourism, wattle day campaign, wattle day festival, david smyth collection -
Federation University Historical Collection
Calculator, Hayakawa Electric Co. Ltd, Sharp Memorizer 60 Programmable Calculator: Model CSA - 12, 09/1969
The core memory of this calculator was a #D metal box. The pin must have been attached to a card reader or keyboard to enter the programme. According to Sharp’s serial numbering scheme, which encodes the month and year of manufacture of their electronic calculators at least through the mid-1970’s, this calculator was manufactured in September 1969. The technology used in the Memorizer 30/Memorizer 60 was very typical of that of the late 1960s, with small-scale integrated circuits containing a few gates or flip-flops, and a magnetic core memory array for storing the program steps that the user keyed in using the calculator attached to the device. (with thanks to Rick Bensene, Curator of the Old Calculator Museum, Beavercreek, Oregon, USA) ISharp Memorizer 60 (Model CSA-12). The Model CSA-12, called the "Memorizer 60", was an accessory that could be connected to a Sharp Compet 22 or Compet 32 electronic calculator to allow these machines to be "learn mode" programmed. Programs were "learned" from the keyboard of the calculator, and stored within a core memory array in the Memorizer 60. Programs of up to 60 steps could be stored. The Memorizer 60 could them "play back" the stored steps at high speed, to allow relatively complex math operations to be performed. (http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/m-sharpcsa12.html)Serial No. 910 106 09Bcalculator, memorizer 60, computers, programmable calculator, electronic calculators -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - IRISH ENVOYS AND SANDHURST COMMITTEE 1889, 1889
Group of 24 men in dark suits, some sitting and some standing. On front -- The Irish Envoys and Sandhurst Committee. 1889. Markings on back: Back row - 3rd from left - Colgan. Father - 3rd from left - back row. Gilt edging on frame. Northcott's Band preceded the procession from the railway station following the Irish Envoys arrival. Hibernian Society members present. See Bendigo Advertiser article 8th May, 1889, page 3: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/88586344?searchTerm=irish%20envoysperson, group, sandhurst committee -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - SOUTH NEW MOON MINE EAGLEHAWK
Black and white photograph (copy) of South New Moon Mine. Written on base of photograph : 'South New Moon Mine.Eaglehawk. Leading Mine in State, 1903. Gold Yield 257,498 ozs.' Image shows mining dam in forefront, large mine buildings and chimney LH side and trestleway connecting to poppet head on RH side. Smaller mine buildings in background. Photo on buff coloured backing board, enclosed in plastic, sealed at back. See: Victorian Heritage Database for history of site http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/places/result_detail/12109?print=truegold mines, mining equipment, south new moon mine site -
Dandenong/Cranbourne RSL Sub Branch
Spitfire Aircraft, framed print, Circa 1940
This is a print of a Supermarine Spitfire Mk1, 19th SQN, Royal Air Force, RAF Duxford -Summer 1940. (Refer https://ww2-weapons.com/supermarine-spitfire-mk-i-2/ ) ( This Print was kindly donated by the Family of the Late Alan Leslie Menlove British Soldier ) The print has description in writing regarding - Propeller, Merlin Engine, Spitfire Genesis, Armour Protection, Stopping the Luftwaffe, Spitfire P9386, No. 19 Sqn, Subsequent Spitfires, Armament, Carburettor, Main Undercarriage, Tactics, Camouflage, Manoeuvrability Wooden dark stain frame, glass protection over print. . Refer Physical description and photographs. -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Pamphlet, E R Courtney as Secretary of the Tramway Employees Association Ballarat Division, "Save our trams", May. 1970
Yields information about the local union branch promoting the ALP at the 1970 State election and has a strong association with the Secretary of the branch.Pamphlet - printed on light brown or fawn paper, titled "Save our trams", promoting the Victorian Labor Party for the 30 May 1970 Election to defeat the Bolte Government and the closure of the tram service in Ballarat. Signed by E R Courtney as Secretary of the Tramway Employees Association Ballarat Division. Seeks the defeat of Messrs Byrne, Evans and Stephen. Labor party candidates were K Flynn (North), T Cullen (South) and J Jones (Province). The Parliamentary website - https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/about/the-history-of-parliament/elections-since-1856 Bolte was returned as Premer.trams, tramways, closure, unions, alp, elections -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - HOSKING AND HUNKIN COLLECTION: INFORMATION ON FAMILY MEMBERS, 1800s
HOSKING AND HUNKIN COLLECTION: Information on family members 11402.25f Photo copy of three photos: Emily Hunkin 3/3/1878 William and Emily Hunkin 3/3/1878 ?? William? Emily Mary baby? 1888 11402.25g Information sheet on 'Photography in the 1850s' by Betty Knight The article refers to the Louis Daguerre's Daguerreotypes of photos, however the photos are actually called 'Tin Types' which is a different process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype The article has written on it 'he had mausi and flute on lap and great singer' 'B.K's father's brother'photo -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: JOURNAL MINING COMPANY
a. Hard cover journal, green cover, buff spine and corners. 'Share Register' written on spine. Handwritten entries of shareholders of two companies, names not written in. Loose between pages is a receipt for £2.0.0 naming the Prince Consort Tribute company indicating this may have been one of the companies (situated in California Gully, Eaglehawk). Index to shareholders in front. Company is listed in Government Gazettes online, showing names of original shareholders: http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1870&class=general&page_num=117&state=V&classNum=G4&searchCode=5365496 b.MCCOLL, RANKIN & STANISTREET, Charing Cross, Bendigo.business, mining, prince consort tribute -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Pamphlet, Victorian Government, "Your Travel Guide into and around the City", "Swanston St Walk", Mar. 1992
Pamphlet - full colour A4 - 8 pages, centre stapled titled "Your Travel Guide into and around the City" with a sub-title of "Swanston St Walk". Printed at the time of the closure of Swanston St to motor vehicle traffic, has maps of the by-pass routes, the reasons for the change, parking, benefits and public transport. Has the date of introduction of March 28, but no year. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanston_Street,_Melbourne - accessed 29/7/2019 gives the year as 1992. Has the logos of the Victorian Government, City of Melbourne, Vic Roads and the PTC.trams, tramways, swanston st, swanston st walk, mall, public transport -
South Gippsland Shire Council
Document, Framed, Letter of Greeting & Goodwill, 22/12/1990
Framed letter of greeting and goodwill from the Municipality of Georgetown, Tasmania to the South Gippsland Shire to mark the linking of the communities through the introduction of the Bass Strait Catamaran Ferry Services dated 22 December 1990. Signed by Lionel Young, Manager and Cr. Ted Pearce, Warden. George Town Council logo upper left corner. Brown timber frame. Note: Item approved for deaccession August 2023. SGSC will now follow deaccession procedures as outlined in the Arts and Civic Memorabilia Collection Policy - https://www.southgippsland.vic.gov.au/downloads/file/2763/arts_and_artefacts_collection_policy_c69. -
South West Healthcare
Glycerine of Phenol B.P.C, Alfred Lawrence & Co. Pty Ltd; Ark Brand, Medicines, 20th Century
http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ofx5CSLi4-cC&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=phenol+bpc&source=bl&ots=VAMJg8e2Ol&sig=P8QTEMXYn9nS3Xqj9lUbGLwXL_s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=P0asULm-EaedmQXGjIC4Cg&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=phenol%20bpc&f=false1 Clear glass bottle with lid; 1 label"POISON S2" "GLYCERINE OF PHENOL B.P.C" "THIS PREPARATION CONTAINS 16 % w/w OF PHENOL" "ARK BRAND" "ALFRED LAWRENCE & CO. PTY LTD." "AUSTRALIA"phenyl of glycerine, medicine -
Queenscliffe Maritime Museum
Furniture - Captain's Desk
On August 23rd, 1949, S. S. TIME was on voyage from Sydney to Melbourne with a cargo of sugar (3,000 tons), timber, general cargo and coal, when she was wrecked on Corsair Rock, entrance of Port Philip Bay. Read more at wreck site: https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?57395The remnants of the Time remained as a landmark for over 10 years before a storm sent her remains to the bottom. http://home.vicnet.net.au/~maav/diary3.htmCaptain's desk from the SSW Timess tme, shipwrecks, salvage, furniture -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Domestic object - 1888 Australian Centenary Bowl
This plate was made by Henry Greener and Company of Sunderland England in 1887 or 1888. The company specialised in the manufacture of commemorative pressed glass. They received commissions from British and colonial clients, and individuals and organisations outside the Empire. The glassware typically commemorated prominent individuals or events. https://collection.powerhouse.com.au/object/8811 Amber Glass Bowl with frilled top commemorating Australia's Centenary 1788-1888. Showing Australian coat of arms with Emu and Kangaroo encircled with wording advance Australia. Australia's centenary and 1788 1888 in shieldcentenary 1788 - 1888, coat of arms, amber glass -
Upper Yarra Museum
Test Tube holder
This is a test tube holder or rack and what are its uses? A test tube holder is used in a laboratory and it is used to hold/support test tubes containing chemicals waiting for further operations. Although it is called a test tube holder, it is also used to Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_use_of_test_tube_holders#ixzz16ZofJVqDscientific experiments science laboritory chemicals minerals vaccines microbiology cultures medium solutions