The children in the picture were students at the Greek language school which was run by the Greek Community of Melbourne and were attending the '28th October' Greek national day celebration at the Evangelismos Greek Orthodox Church in East Melbourne. The two women, Alexandra Vrachna and Nina Black were teachers at the school. The Evangelismos Church was the first Greek orthodox Church to be established in Melbourne. The foundation stone was laid in December 1900 and church services commenced in August 1902. The 28th October is known as 'OHI' DAY', translated meaning NO DAY. It is an important national day celebrated in Greece and the Greek diaspora and commemorates the anniversary when in 1940 the then Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas said “NO” to an ultimatum made by Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini to allow Italian forces to occupy Greece. It marked the beginning of Greece's entry into WW2. The day symbolises values important to the Greek people - freedom, courage and 'filotimo'. The establishment of the Orthodox church in Melbourne in the early years of the twentieth century was was indicative of the number of Greek migrants who came to Australia in those early years of settlement in this country and the desire maintain their religious and cultural traditions. The early Greek migrants were anxious that their Australian born children maintain their language and religion in their adopted country. A black and white photograph of children with three adults standing outside Evangelismos Church in East Melbourne. Three children in the back row are displaying the Greek and Australian flags.Written in red underneath the photograph: 28th OCTOBER 1948. OUTSUDE THE GREEK CHURCH IN EAST MELBOURNE/PHOTO PROPERTY OF STATHI RAFTOPOULOS.wwii

The photo is of A.J. Lucas and his wife, Margaret (nee Wilson). Antonios J Lekatsas (Lucas) arrive in Australia in 1886 and was a founding member and of the Ithacan Philanthropic Society. He was also the first president, a position he held from 1916 to 1924. He married Margaret Wilson, in 1893. Margaret was also very active in Ithacan Philanthropic Society and was a member of the Women's Auxiliary. Together they established some of the most successful restaurants in Melbourne during early decades of the 20th century.A scanned copy of a studio photograph of a couple which has been backed onto white cardboard. A brief handwritten biography of A.J. Lucas has been written in Greek on the back of the white board. studio photograph, aj lucas, margaret wilson

Some Ithacans on arrival in Melbourne moved to the larger regional country towns and opened food vending businesses. John (Ioannis) Raftopoulos (Fiakas) was one such Ithacan who established himself in Mildura. He opened the Sport Cafe in Langtree Avenue. The Spot was an elegant and sophisticated establishment and as well as serving meals, also served the latest sundaes and cool fountain drinks. By the late 1930s he had also opened a milk bar in Mildura’s Astor Theatre. Raftopoulos was a true entrepreneur and ran a number of business in the Mildura and Red Cliffs. John's father, Efstathios Raftopoulos (Levendis) arrived in Australia in 1895 and John soon followed. John's brother-in-law Dimitrios Vlassopoulos arrived from Ithaca in 1922 and opened the Golden Key Café in Red Cliffs. Dimitrios had previously spent about 10 years in America where he gain knowledge and experience in the food and hospitality business. The Golden Key Café shared similarities with the Spot Sundae ‘Parlor’. Ithacan settlement in Mildura area dates back to the early 1900s. A black and white photograph of the interior of a cafe. There are five waitresses and two waiters; three of the women are behind a counter and the other two are standing beside the tables which are lined up on either side of the restaurant. One of the waiters is at the rear is behind a counter while the other is in the background. The restaurant is adorned with Christmas decorations and potted plants.

The photograph is taken following the baptism of Marietta Paizis, the daughter of Gerasimos and Penelope Paizes, took place in an Anglican Church in Mildura with the Orthodox priest conducting the service. This was common practice amongst the Greek community in Mildura during the first half of the twentieth century as there was no Orthodox Church in the town. The priest travelled from Melbourne to conduct special family services for the Greek community in Mildura and other regional towns in Victoria. It is possible that there was more than one baptism during the service to take advantage of the priest attendance in Mildura. Marietta was the daughter of Maintaining traditional customs and ceremonies has always been important amongst the Greek immigrants who settled in Australia. Although the majority of Ithacans and other Greeks settled and established businesses in Melbourne during the first half of the twentieth century, some settled in regional towns throughout Victoria. Ithacan settlement in Mildura dates back to the early 1900s. A black and white photograph of a group of people standing outside a church. Three adults holding their babies are standing in the front of the group. Everyone in the group is smartly dressed suggesting that the photograph was taken to celebrate a special occasion.

Salisbury is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England, and the only city within the county. It is the 2nd-largest settlement in the county with a population of 40 302, between Chippenham at 35 800 and Swindon at 209 156. (Wikipedia)Black and white photographic postcard showing a road lined with three storey buildings. chatham-holmes family collection, salisbury, postcard

Mesen (Messines in French, historically used in English) is a city located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises of one main settlement, the town of Mesen proper. (Wikipedia) Two large battles were fought at Messines during World War One. Black and white postcard of a windmill at Messines, Belgium. chatham-holmes family collection, windmill, messines, moulin, world war, world war 1, world war one, belgium

Also another black and white photograph of same scene different angle crop of maize shown, boat on river possibly PS TanjilSepia toned photograph of view across the Tambo River looking eastward from Stephensons Road corner of Riversdale farm on right Redenback House in distance Swan Reach to Bruthen road shown with rinbarked trees on hill Tambo Upper Victoriaagriculture, settlement

Black and white postcard of a general view of town taken from railway station, Bruthen Hotel top right background, railway crossing lower right, Bruthen VictoriaGeneral View Bruthentownship, land settlement

Black and white photograph of early view of town with church on far left Bruthen Victoria. Also another back and white copy of photograph 04487.agriculture, settlement, towns

Letter on back written by Bruthen rail survey camp worker dated 28/ 6 /14Sepia toned postcard of view of Bruthen showing R C Church on left Congregational Church centre and Church of England just beyond it, Tambo River in the distance Bruthen Victoria. Also a larger black and white copy plus details of letter on the back of original cardBruthen 1914township, transport, land settlement

Black and white photograph of fishermans cottage in a rural setting beside a waterway, frame for nets in foreground. Lake Tyers Victoriasettlement, fishing, waterways

Colour photograph of Schnapper Cottage a small white painted dwelling with a red roof situated on the edge of lake edged with rock groyne and remains of timber railing at western side of entrance at Lakes Entrance Victoria.Also two photographs taken inside Schnappers Cottage showing tongue and groove lining, coved ceiling, dado above wide vertical wall boardsgippsland lakes, settlement, houses

Nehemiah Guthridge peioneer of Gippsland shipping died at Emerald Hill Melbourne in June 1878Black and white photograph of Nehemiah Guthridge pioneer of Gippsland Shipping between Melbourne and Sale. transport, shipping, boats and boating, settlement

A small hardcovered book of 181 pages and an index including information of early settlers and runs in Northeast Victoria.non-fictionA history of settlement on and around the Upper Murray River, covering the period of 1835 to 1845, including "A short account of over two hundred runs 1835 to 1880". An excellent source of information on the colonial settlement of the Murray River. Detailed information of the first white settlers and the challenges they faced. Interesting account of conflict between settlers and indigenous population. Many indigenous words and their meaning recorded. It includes a foreword written by Rosemary Boyes, a prominent Albury-Wodonga historian.upper murray district, settlement victoria, colonial settlement, pastoral industry victoria

The small town in the photograph is the former Broadmeadows Township (now part of Westmeadows). It was situated on the Old Sydney Road (Mickleham Road) and 2 miles east of the Broadmeadows Station. The stone bridge in the foreground spans the Moonee Ponds Creek and Fawkner Street is the road, which leads southwards to Gladstone Park and Tullamarine. The little building was a lolly shop that Mrs. Ethel Mitchell owned and ran for many years.Until 1869, before Sydney Road was finally opened, travellers on their way to Sydney would pass through the Broadmeadows Township.A copy of a non-digital black and white photograph of a road way with a bridge in the foreground leading to a small settlement. Small building with a pitched roof and a verandah is on the RHS of the image and the road leading out of the town is bordered with an avenue of pine trees.old broadmeadows township, fawkner street, moonee ponds creek, westmeadows, bridges

Black and white photograph of pioneer iron bark slab hut typical of early settlers dwellings with chimney and skillion at end with early garden shown East Gippsland Victoriasettlement, housing

56 p.; 21 cmnon-fictionHistory of the Maryknoll town and how it grewmap of maryknoll, golden jubilee of maryknoll

Black and white photograph of old gold mining town between Swifts Creek and Omeo, Cassilis Victoriahouses, settlement, mines and mining

For over 20 years from 1893 gold mining was undertaken in the mountains around Glen Wills.Black and white postcard looking towards the Glen Wills Road situated between the valley and steep hills taken in summer Glen Wills Victoriasettlement, topography

Built 1891 c burned down 1939Black and white photograph of the Golden Agehotels, settlement, accommodation

Black and white photograph of a vegetable patch and flower garden beside a rustic dwelling surrounded by split paling fence near the gold mining town of Grant Victoriamines and mining, settlement, topography, gold

Black and white postcard showing the mountains in distance beyond the valley and township of Buchan Victoriafarming, topography, settlement

Sign on river bank 'Boats to Let'Black and white photograph of substancial dwelling terraced gardens and out buildings on riverside, sign indicating boats for hire and five rowing boats on Mitchell River near Bairnsdale Victoriahouses, land settlement, rivers

Black and white photograph showing Gilberts Walhalla Hotel and another building around corner, nine men and a boy standing on road in front, boy on horse in front of building, thick bush in background Walhalla Victoria land settlement, mining, topography

Second identical copy 04618.1Black and white photograph of a bark hut showing walls of vertical sheets of bark held in place by horizontal battons. On the roof overlapping sheets of bark are held in place by a horizontal log attached to the saddle pole on the roof ridge by vertical timbers. Nails were not used wooden pegs or greenhide strips kept the frame stable. This building believed to be in the Lake Tyers area Victoriahouses, land settlement

original cottages at Aboriginal Station Lake Tyers VictoriaBlack and white photograph of original cottages at Aboriginal Station Lake Tyers Victoriaaboriginal history, settlement

Black and white photograph of an old corner post showing mortices to take fence rail at Buggy Creek south of Buchan South Victoria agriculture, farming, land settlement

Black and white photograph of Post Office and attached dwelling two men on bikes and two women in front of buildings named are Rex Harbeck and Miss Cook who was the Postmistress and her mother Mrs Cook Lakes Entrance Victoriapostal services, people, settlement

John Eadie, a miller from Perthshire in Scotland, established a water-driven flour mill on the banks of the Jacksons Creek downstream from the Macedon Street crossing in 1861. He also built a weir and water-race to ensure there was plenty of water to drive the mill. The mill produced flour until the early years of the twentieth century. In 1914 the large shell and the iron roofing were removed to aid the war effort. The weir can still be seen but the ruins of the mill are the only evidence of its early existence.Milling was one of Sunbury's early industries in the early days of European settlement. A copy of an old non-digital black and white photograph of a lady driving a small flock of sheep past a blue stone building, which has a pitched corrugated iron roof. The photograph has a border on three of its sides with the caption below the image. john eadie, sunbury flour mill., flour production