This round, bronze memorial plaque was presented to the family of Private Richard Evans Harkness, service number 3426, of the 37th Battalion, (8th Reinforcements) who was killed in action at Villers-Bretonneux on 12th August, 1918. Colloquially known as 'Dead Man's Penny' or 'King's Penny', this plaque was given to the next of kin of service personnel who died on active service in WW1. 1914-1918 Memorial Plaque In early 1920 it was announced that the next-of-kin of all Australian servicemen and women whose deaths were attributable to the First World War would receive a memorial plaque and scroll "as a solace for bereavement and as a memento". The memorial plaques were not uniquely Australian. In fact they were designed and produced in Britain and issued to commemorate all those who died as a result of war service from within the British Commonwealth. The idea for the plaques was originally conceived mid-way through the war. In 1917 a competition was announced to obtain a suitable design and 800 entries were eventually received. The winner, Mr. E. Carter Preston of Liverpool, England, was chosen in 1918. He was awarded a prize of 250 pounds. Mr Manning Pike directed the manufacture of the memorial plaques at the Memorial Plaque Factory set up at Acton, London. Some later plaques were also made at the Woolwich Arsenal. The cost of manufacturing so many plaques must have been considerable. Each plaque had the name of the soldier commemorated individually embossed (some were engraved) as part of the design. The full name was given without any indication of rank or honours to show the equality of sacrifice of all those who had lost their lives. The scroll designed to accompany the plaques was of thick paper, headed by the royal coat-of-arms, and bore the following message: "He whom this scroll commemorates was numbered among those who, at the call of King and Country, left all that was dear to them, endured hardness, faced danger, and finally passed out of the sight of men by the path of duty and self-sacrifice, giving up their own lives that others might live in freedom. Let those that come after see that his name is not forgotten". Underneath the message the serviceman or woman’s name, rank, honours and unit were written by hand in red ink. Because of the late arrival in Australia of the plaques many scrolls were sent out separately. A message from the King, "I join with my grateful people in sending you this memorial of a brave life given for others in the Great War", was included with the scroll. The first plaques were distributed in Australia in 1922. Each plaque was sent out from Base Records Office at Victoria Barracks in Melbourne by second-class mail. Approximately 60,000 plaques were issued in Australia. Families of deceased members of the Royal Australian Navy and the Australian Army Nursing Service also received plaques and scrolls This plaque is significant because it commemorates the death of an Australian soldier on active service in World War 1. It is representative of some 60,000 issued to next of kin of soldiers killed in World War 1. Although Richard Harness was living at 52 Victoria Street, Abbotsford when enlisted, together with a scroll from the King, it was donated by a Frankston Family.This round, bronze memorial plaque was presented to the family of Australian Army private Richard Evans Harkness, service number 03426, of the 37th battalion, 8th re-inforcement. Harkness was killed in action on 12th August, 1918, near the French village of Proyart, during the 3rd Division's advance along the Somme Valley. further details can be found here: https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/U51477 Colloquially known as 'Dead Man's Penny' or 'King's Penny', these plaques were awarded to the next of kin of service personnel who died on active service during WW1. refer to link for further information : http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/memorial_scroll/plaque.aspAround the edge are the words 'HE DIED FOR FREEDOM AND HONOUR' On the righthand side of the plaque is the name of the soldier, in this case Richard Evans Harkness.commemorative, memorial, plaque, dead, man s, penny, king s, richard, evans, harkness

A standard Australian Army issue kitbag used by soldiers to carry essential equipment such as bedding, toiletries, spare clothes, etc. This kitbag (also referred to as a 'sausage kit' was issued to James Ellis Liebe, service number VX21644.Liebe J E VX21644

A small statuette of a Vietnam era soldier in typical Australian Army jungle warfare kit. The setting represents a forward scout crossing a watercourse and silently signalling to those following 'enemy ahead' by giving the 'thumb down' hand signal. The cast pewter alloy statuette is mounted on a base of polished stone, the base being 8cm by 8cm by 5cm high. The overall height of the statuette is 15 cm.the base has the label "VIETNAM" Heritage Fine Arts, Limited to 2500 on one side of base, numbered 0143.

Example of Australian Army standard issue belt worn by soldiers during the 1970s. This was a USA Army design adopted by the ADF during the Vietnam conflict. The belt is jungle green in colour with multiple mounting points for special clips which hold a variety of pouches.

Example of Australian Army standard water canteen complete with carrying pouch issued to soldiers during the 1970s. This was a USA Army design adopted by the ADF during the Vietnam conflict. The pouch and canteen are jungle green in colour and are worn attached to the webbing belt issued to defence personnel. refer item 00289.1.

Example of Australian Army standard issue mess cup for holding cooked food used by soldiers during the 1970s. This was a USA Army design adopted by the ADF during the Vietnam conflict. The mess cup is lightweight alloy designed to fit the standard issue water canteen also issued. The cup has a folding handle for ease of carrying and can be used to carry hot food.

Example of Australian Army standard issue belt worn by soldiers during the 1970s. This was a USA Army design adopted by the ADF during the Vietnam conflict. This belt is fitted with a pouch for carrying the standard water canteen and is complete with the standard issue water canteen and mess cup.

Example of Australian Army standard issue water canteen carried by soldiers during the 1990s. The water canteen is jungle green in colour and is carried in a special pouch made from camouflage material. The water canteen fits into a mess cup which is also carried in the pouch.

Example of Australian Army standard issue ammunition pouch carried by soldiers during the 1990s. This special pouch made from camouflage material. The pouch can carry a set of folding dixies which are used for carrying and eating prepared food.

Example of Australian Army standard issue small gear pack carried by soldiers during the 1990s. This pack is commonly referred to as a 'bum pack' and is made from camouflage material. The pack is used to carry a variety of items of equipment.

Example of Australian Army standard issue pouch used by soldiers to carry a water canteen during the 1990s. The pouch made from camouflage material and can be attached to other webbing equipment by the use of special clips.

Example of Australian Army standard issue small pouch carried by soldiers during the 1990s. This special pouch made from camouflage material. The pouch would typically be used to carry a compass or wound dressing.

In 1899, British soldiers and sailors were in South Africa fighting the second Boer War which lasted from 1899 to 1902. Queen Victoria was concerned about the morale of her army and navy and wanted to do something to lift their spirits. She would send chocolate to all of her army and navy serving in South Africa (including Australian contingents) as a Christmas/New Year gift in 1899/1900. The chocolate manufacturer, Cadbury, which since around 1854 had a Royal Warrant to supply Queen Victoria with cocoa and chocolate, was contacted and requested to produce the royal bars of chocolate, each with its own individual tin. This put Richard and George Cadbury in a dilemma because, as Quakers, they were pacifists and did not agree with the war. However they did not want to refuse a request from the Queen. To prevent their confectionery rivals from accusing them of going against their principles, their solution was to invite fellow Quakers, Joseph Fry and Joseph Rowntree to form a temporary three-way partnership to complete the order. Forty thousand tins, designed and made by Fry, were produced in two different sizes. The larger of the tins (15 x 9 cm) has a gold coloured rim around the edge of the lid and contained two layers of chocolate. The slightly smaller or rather thinner tin (16 x 8 cm) has a blue rim around the edge of the lid and contained one layer of chocolate. The design of the lid of both sizes is the same. It was decided by all three companies, that the tins would carry no brand name. However Queen Victoria was not amused by this decision; she wanted her army and navy to know that she was sending them quality British chocolate. As a compromise, the Cadbury name appeared on interior packaging of the chocolate. The tins remained unbranded. The empty tins had a more sombre use for for men killed in action. The tins, containing their few personal belongings, were sent home to the next of kin. The tins were not large and may have contained items such as medals, talismans, coins, jewellery, photos, letters and dog tags.Sheet metal tin with hinged lid. In the middle of the red lid of the tin is a gold-coloured embossed picture of Queen Victoria's head. To the left is Queen Victoria's insignia, and to the right are the words "South Africa 1900" and is inscribed "I wish you a happy New Year" and signed Victoria running along the bottom.gift to defence personnel from queen victoria. gift sent at christmas / new year in 1899/1900, gift sent at christmas / new year 1899/1900