Showing 781 items
matching house wife
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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - PETHARD COLLECTION: FAMILY PORTRAIT, 1900
Photograph - sepia - family portrait. Written on back 'Taken by Fred Meyer Photos, Numurkah 1900'. A family portrait I believe to be George Pethard, wife Mirim. If the photo taken 1900, in 1900 this would be how old the children would have been, Agnes (17), George (12), Lydia (11) and William (7). And they did live in Numurkah , moving to Bendigo in 1909.Fred Meyerperson, family, pethard family, photograph. pethard family, family portrait. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Ephemera - Leighton Collection: Theatrical Scrapbook
Herbert A Leighton was an actor and Elocution teacher, known widely in the Eastern states of Australia where he performed with his wife Tracy Hamilton. However all was not as it seemed. In 1903 he was arrested in Perth after suspicions were raised when he purchased expensive jewellery and clothes for his wife. Subsequently six thousand pounds in banknotes was found under his bed. Another fellow from his theatre group was also arrested and charged with bank robbery. Leighton was charged with receiving money knowing it was stolen. Investigations by the Perth police showed that Leighton was really Norman Campbell who had been born in Gippsland. He had worked as a clerk in the Victorian Savings Bank in Melbourne and then in the same role in the Sydney Savings Bank. During this time he had amassed large sums of money by forgery, a crime he spent seven years in prison for. He then emerged as the newly minted H. A. Leighton, actor and elocution teacher in Bendigo. .Large format scrapbook collated by D H Leighton. Contains photographs, flyers, programs, invitations, newspaper clippings, posters, promotional photos of performers between 1901 and 1936. The material includes items from theatrical performances and programs from Bendigo and other cities. Includes information about Amy Castles and other Bendigo performers including Alex J Hamilton. Includes information about a large number of performers who visited Bendigo. Many of the items overlap others. The scrapbook has a heavy pink cover with green tape binding on the spine and the corners with brown paper pages. Paper items have been glued onto the pages. leighton, hamilton, amy castles, theatres, performers, music -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Ephemera - Leighton Collection: Theatrical Scrapbook
Herbert Allan Leighton was an actor and elocution teacher known widely in the eastern states of Australia where he performed with his wife Tracy Hamilton. But all was not as it seemed. In 1903 he was arrested in Perth after suspicions were raised when he bought expensive clothing and jewellery for his wife. Subsequently six thousand pounds in banknotes was found under his bed. Another fellow from his theatre group was also arrested and charged with Bank robbery. Leighton was charged with receiving money that he knew to be stolen. Investigations by Perth police showed that Leighton was really, Victorian born, Norman Campbell. He had worked as a clerk for Victorian Savings Bank in Melbourne and then in the same role at Sydney Savings Bank in NSW. During this time he had amassed large sums of money by forgery and embezzlement, a crime that he spent 7 years in prison for. He then emerged as the newly minted H. A. Leighton actor and elocution teacher in Bendigo.Large format scrapbook collated by H.A. Leighton. Contains photographs, flyers, programs, newspaper clippings, posters, promotional photos of performers between 1905 and 1909 The material includes items from theatrical performances. The scrapbook has a heavy blue cover with maroon tape binding on the spine and the corners with thick newsprint paper pages. Paper items have been glued onto the pages with several loose items. Mostly unnamed pictures from magazines. Includes a loose certificate as pictured. Includes two pages from a ledger connected with Prescott Jewellers Bendigo. theatres, performers, music -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Ephemera - Leighton Collection: Theatrical Scrapbook
Herbert A. Leighton was an actor and elocution teacher known widely in the eastern states of Australia where he perforomed with his wife, Tracy Hamilton. However all was not as it seemed. In 1903 he was arrested in Perth after suspicions were raised when he purchased expensive clothes and jewellery for his wife. Subsequently, six thousand pounds in banknotes was found under his bed. Another fellow from his theatre group was also arrested and charged with bank robbery. Leighton was charged with receiving money knowing it was stolen. Investigations by the Perth police showed that Leighton was really Norman Campbell, born in Gippsland. He had worked as a bank clerk in the Victorian Savings Bank in Melbourne and in the same role at the Sydney Savings bank in NSW. During this time he amassed large sums of money by forgery, a crime he spent 7 years in prison for. He then emerged as the newly minted H. A. Leighton, actor and elocution teacher in Bendigo.Large format scrapbook collated by H.A. Leighton. Contains photographs, flyers, ribbons, banners, programs, invitations, newspaper clippings, posters, promotional photos of performers between 1901 and 1904. The material includes items from theatrical performances and programs from Bendigo and other cities. Includes information about Bendigo performers including Alex J Hamilton. Includes information about performers who visited Bendigo. Many of the items overlap others. The scrapbook has a heavy brown cover with black tape binding on the spine and the corners with brown paper pages. Written on the front cover Musical & Dramatic Notes in red and black ink plus a drawing of a standing woman in a long black dress with arms outstretched. Paper items have been glued onto the pages with several loose items. H A L. Fecit. In One Day. 29.11.00. Bendigo. Written inside the front cover on a drawing of an artist's palette.leighton, theatres, performers, music -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Ephemera - Emu Creek Bush Band Collection: Dance Program
The National Folk Festival was first held in Melbourne in 1967 and thereafter was held in various cities throughout Australia. In 1992 it became a permanent fixture in Canberra and is held each year over Easter. 1. Colin Silk was born in Geelong 31/1/1920 and developed his interest in Old Time Dancing in his early teens. He and his wife moved to Bendigo in 1946 where they both continued their love of dance, also becoming teachers. Colin was responsible for the building of the Lockwood Sth. Hall in 1966 and the Sutton Grange Hall. He and Harry Wiegard MC'd dances at Lockwood for 40 years. He died 10/8/2011. 2. Henry (Harry) Wiegard, (1918 - 8/10/2002) began dancing as a young man primarily at the St Killians Hall in Bendigo. He also travelled to Melbourne to undertake more advanced training in Old Time Dances. He MC'd and called dances throughout the district for over 20 years.A country music dance program from the Canberra Folk Festival in 1995. The program is printed on pale blue card with black text and features an illustration of a man and a woman dancing. on the reverse side is a list of dances. The Masters of Ceremonies were Colin Silk and Harry Wiegard and the band was the Gay Charmers from Northern Victoria.emu creek bush band, australian colonial dance, canberra folk festival, gay charmers band, colin silk, harry wiegard -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Donald Robertson, early 1800s
Mr and Mrs. Robertson were natives of Scotland, and arrived in Victoria in 1852. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson early took up land at Myers' Creek, where they carried on farming operations until the death of Catherine in 1905 and the death of Donald in 1907. They left a grown up family.Black and white photograph Donald Robertson and his wife Catherine McColl. Donald Robertson is seated. Catherine McColl standing.Written on back of photo in pen "Great Grandpar Paternal Side Donald Robertson 1821-1907 Catherine McColl 1828-1905 Ballachulish Glencoe Scotland.history, bendigo, donald robertson, catherine mccoll -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - CONSTABLE JOHN BARRY COLLECTION: REFERENCE MATERIAL
Folder containing research conducted on Constable John Barry and his family by Alison Edmunds, the donor of the collection items. Biographies on John Barry (1838-1910); his father Thomas Barry (1809-1866) his sons John and Thomas and his first wife Margaret (-1860) and Bridget Agnes (Kenevan) his second wife are enclosed. Also enclosed : * 'Barry' entry in Debrett's Peerage. * Copies of newspaper articles that relate to the family and the coach building business of the Barry brothers, John and Thomas, in Lyttleton Terrace, Bendigo.person, bendigo, constable john barry -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - HOUSE IN PRINCES STREET, CAMPBELLS CREEK
Black and white photo taken circa 1907 at Princes Street, Campbells Creek (Rantar's Gully). Sparnon house built 1862, demolished circa 1910, original home of John Sparnon and wife Bessie Peters Sparnon (nee Tyack/Teague). At this time (1907) Stow's were living there. Left to right: Joe Stow, stepson of Joe Stow and wife Kate (nee Sparnon). Annie Stow, daughter of Joe Stow and wife Kate (nee Sparnon). Unknown. Bessie Stow of Joe Stow and wife Kate (nee Sparnon). ''Jinny'' Jane Peters Stow of Joe Stow and wife Kate (nee Sparnon) born 1900. (Cliff) Arthur Clifford Gray son of Fred Gray and Kate (nee Teague) on bike. Out of the photo on the damaged paert probably Willam Stow eldest son of Joe and Kate. the photo was copied by Jim Goodwin.house, private, campbells creek -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - MCKENZIE STREET METHODIST CHURCH CHOIR
Black and white photograph. Choir of McKenzie Street Methodist Church 1899. The photo was taken outside. Lillian Gray, future wife of Gordon Hanley in front row 3rd from right. This is a copy made by Jim Goodwin in March 1992religions, christian, methodist -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - MCKENZIE STREET METHODIST CHURCH CHOIR
Black and white copy of a photograph. McKenzie Street Methodist Church Choir circa 1940. The photo was taken inside the church, a sign reading Love never Faileth, God is love above the choir. Frank Hanley third row third from left. Frank's wife Ettie (nee Collins) in white hat in 2nd row fourth from left. The photo was copied by Jim Goodwin in March 1992.religions, christian, methodist -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - FREDERICK TAYLOR JAMES AND SONS (FREDERICK TAYLOR AND ALBERT TAYLOR)
Papers re Frederick Taylor James and sons (Frederick Taylor and Albert Taylor) donated by Mrs R Sinclair Feb 2004. Comprises 1.Letters from F T James 1834-1878 written to his family in London from California Gully and Emerald Hill with photos of Fred and his wife Maria. 2. Extract from the Eaglehawk Pioneers Register including a photo of Frederick James' house at 18 Taylor St, California Gully (Note; Thorn Street was subsequently incorporated in Taylor Street). 3. Story in ''Walkabout'' August 1964 of the bicycle ride by Fred's sons, Frederick and Albert from Mt Magnet WA to Melbourne in 1897 covering a distance of 2,592 miles. 4. Daily diary of the trip August 17th to the 3rd of October 1987. 5. Photos of Frederick and Albert James.person, individual, frederick taylor james, california gully, emerald hill, eaglehawk pioneers register, 18 taylor st, california gully, frederick and albert taylor. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - HARRIS COLLECTION: ROY KELLY, DORIS KELLY
The Kelly family lived at 'Norwood', 103 Wills St. Bendigo. Whole family buried together in Bendigo Cemetery. Michael Peter Kelly bd. 23.9.1929 MON H4. Margaret Jane Kelly wife of Michael Kelly died 25.8.1912. bd. 28.8.1912. Daughter Rita bd. 21.1.1898 Son Roy (Robert Dennis) Kelly died 22.9.1943 bd. 23.9.1943. Daughter Doris May Kelly bd. 19.1.1967 Daughter Madge Annie Kelly bd. 6.6.1963. No records found of a marriage for Roy, Doris or Madge. Michael P. Kelly was born in Galway, Ireland and died in 1929 aged 76. He had been in Victoria for 59 years. For 50 years he had been closely associated with Bendigo mining companies, and was a leading investor. He joined the Bendigo Stock Exchange in 1880, had been chairman of the exchange multiple times. Director of the Farmers & Citizens' Trustee Co. and of the Sandhurst Building Society. Refs: Obituary The Argus 24.9.1943. The Argus 23.9.1943 (obit. of Roy Kelly). National Archives WW1 enlistment records Robert Dennis Kelly Reg. No. 10874. TROVE Bendigonian 29.7.1915. Bendigo Advertiser 27 August 1912. Bendigo Advertiser 21.1.1898 and 22.5.1900. Bendigo Cemetery records.Full length studio portrait male & female photograph. Captioned Miss Doris Kelly, Mr Roy Kelly, 103 Wills Street Bendigo. Bartlett Bros, Sandhurst printed on cover. Nill reverse. See Research field in 1342.5 (Michael Kelly) for information on the Kelly family.Bartlett Brosphotograph, person, male/ female -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - ROBERT SARJEANT BALMER, 1986
Robert Sarjeant Balmer, Robert and his wife Sophia started the first National school at Golden Gully Sandhurst. A short history of his family.Patricia A Degensgenealogy, family, balmer, genealogy-balmer-bendigo -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - CORRESPONDENCE: HARGREAVES (FAMILY)
Correspondence re Hargreaves (family) from Mrs G H Gibson 1981. Requesting information re family of Hargreaves 1854-62. James Harris (wife Jane) arrived Australia 1857. Living in Sandhurst in 1859 when John born and Josep;h b. 1862. (brothers moved to Tarnagulla). Reply - no record.person, family, hargreaves -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - NOTICE OF AUCTION - 'DENDERAH' VIEW STREET, BENDIGO
Newspaper Cutting. Announcement of auction of 'Denderah', the property in View St. Bendigo of Sir George Victor Lansell. Plus contents of antique furnishings and effects - all items listed. Auctioneers L.L. Dungey & Sons in conjunction with Decoration Co. of Melbourne. Auction dates Tuesday and Wednesday, 7th and 8th April. Year unknown. George Lansell died 6.1.1959. Wife pre deceased him. Auction was probably in 1959.buildings, residential, auction, auction notice, denderah, george victor lansell, l.l.dungey & sons, decoration co. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - HARRIS COLLECTION: MARGARET KELLY, ninteenth century
The Kelly family lived at 'Norwood', 103 Wills St. Bendigo. Whole family buried together in Bendigo Cemetery. Michael Peter Kelly bd. 23.9.1929 MON H4. Margaret Jane Kelly wife of Michael Kelly died 25.8.1912. bd. 28.8.1912. Daughter Rita bd. 21.1.1898 Son Roy (Robert Dennis) Kelly died 22.9.1943 bd. 23.9.1943. Daughter Doris May Kelly bd. 19.1.1967 Daughter Madge Annie Kelly bd. 6.6.1963. No records found of a marriage for Roy, Doris or Madge. Michael P. Kelly was born in Galway, Ireland and died in 1929 aged 76. He had been in Victoria for 59 years. For 50 years he had been closely associated with Bendigo mining companies, and was a leading investor. He joined the Bendigo Stock Exchange in 1880, had been chairman of the exchange multiple times. Director of the Farmers & Citizens' Trustee Co. and of the Sandhurst Building Society. Refs: Obituary The Argus 24.9.1943. The Argus 23.9.1943 (obit. of Roy Kelly). National Archives WW1 enlistment records Robert Dennis Kelly Reg. No. 10874. TROVE Bendigonian 29.7.1915. Bendigo Advertiser 27 August 1912. Bendigo Advertiser 21.1.1898 and 22.5.1900. Bendigo Cemetery records.Full length studio photograph of young woman. Written caption on reverse. Mrs Margaret Kelly, 103 Wills Street Bendigo. Dark long sleeved dress. Printed on Front. Academy of Photography, Hansen, Bendigo. Margaret Kelly died 25.8.1912. See Research field in 1342.5 (Michael Kelly) for information on the Kelly Family.Hansen Bendigophotograph, person, female -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - NOTES ON THE LANSELL FAMILY BY RUTH HOPKINS
''Notes on the Lansell Family by Ruth Hopkins''. This is a single typed page with (largely) information about the marriages of George Lansell. Reference to first wife (born Bedelia Mulganney); Edith Bassford; Wooton Lansell; Mrs Bassford. Makes interesting reading in view of Doc. #2829. Dates of marriages and deaths quoted.Ruth Hopkinsperson, individual, george lansell, george lansell, mrs bassford, bedellia mulganney, edith bassford, mrs g budd, annie, mr james northcott, mr wooton lansell and mr william lansell. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION: BOOK 'VERSES BY MAIE CASEY'
Book. ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION. A 19 page soft cover book of verse by Maie Casey with drawings by Frances Burke. Printed by McLaren & Co. Pty Ltd, Melbourne in 1963. (copy No. 213) Handwritten in ink on flyleaf 'Mr Alec Chisholm with best wishes from Maie Casey 8.11.63. Also the signature of Frances Burke. Catalogue sticker '2044 CAS' on front cover. Maie Casey was the wife of Lord Casey, Australian politician and Governor General.Maie Caseybooks, collections, poetry, alec h chisholm collection, poetry, maie casey, frances burke -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MALONE COLLECTION: GREETING CARDS
Document. Greeting Cards. Single, light beige card with a picture of an older woman. She is wearing a peaked type of hat and has her finger up to her mouth. A printed border surrounds the picture. At the top is written in ink: 'This is how I spent my money at Luna Park'. Beneath the picture is printed in black with some words in bold type: Your Second Wife should conform to the general lines of this picture. I advise you to drop another coin in the same slot and secure a photo of your First Wife. There is some important personal advice on love and marriage for you in another section and do not fail to secure a photo of your first baby. Underneath is printed 7-G-5person, greeting cards, malone collection, malone collection, greetomg cards. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - FAMILY PORTRAIT - MAN AND WOMAN, ONE GIRL AND TWO BOYS
black and white photograph: timber frame, brown mat, man and wife, three children. Man dressed in suit, woman in round neck dress. Girl has light coloured dress, boys in shirts, one with tie.Bartlett Bros. Bendigoperson, family, portrait, bartlett bros., bendigo. family portrait -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Ephemera - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: DOGS
... ,' 'Woman,' 'The New Idea,' 'The Australian Journal,' 'Wife and Home... Inc. History House 11 Mackenzie Street Bendigo goldfields ...A covered folder containing short stories relating to dogs. Sources are 'Woman's Journal,' 'Woman's Realm,' Woman's Pictorial,' 'Woman,' 'The New Idea,' 'The Australian Journal,' 'Wife and Home,' 'Shell House Journal,' 'The Sun Weekend Magazine,' 'Australian House and Garden' and 'New Zealand Home Journal.' 1928-1959.lydia chancellor, collection, ephemera, animals, dogs -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Electric Telegraph Office Warrnambool envelope opened out flat and used for note paper. Date on the front Mar 74. Addressed to Mes? Holmes on the front. On the back are names of two families. Names are Jno Holmes age 29 Mrs? Marid age x 3 children. Native England. 5/- P ? ? And Mr H Hattam age 32 Wifes name Charity age 29. 3 children. Miner. Sands & McDougall, Stationers, Melbourne imprinted on the envelope flap.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, mes? holmes, jno homes, mrs marid, h hattam, charity hattam -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
A.O.F., Court King of the Forest, No. 3770, B.U.D. Notice of Intention and Proposition. I hereby give notice of Intention to Propose Mr. Thomas White, age 28 years, Occupation Blacksmith, Place of Birth England, residence Iron Bark, Wife's Name Margaret Age 26 years, No of Children 1. Signature Rich Coath. The Proposition - Proposed by R. J. Coath and Seconded by Ed. Le Levies. Mr Thomas White as a Candidate for admission. Proposed by R. J. Coath and Seconded by Ed. Le Levies.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest, thomas white, margaret white, rich coath, ed le levies -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
A.O.F., Court King of the Forest, No. 3770, B.U.D. Notice of Intention and Proposition. I hereby give notice of Intention to Propose Mr. Christian Cabalzar, age 30 years, Occupation Miner, Place of Birth Switzerland, residence New Chum, Wife's Name Martha Age 25 years, No of Children 1. Signature Petersen. The Proposition - Proposed by Bro. C. Petersen and Seconded by Bro. R. Coath. Mr Christien Cabalzar as a Candidate for admission. Proposed by C. Petersen and Seconded by R. Coath.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest, christian cabalzar, christian petersen, r coath, martha cabalzar -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Printed declaration from James Trotter of Bendigo declaring that he is under the age of 36 years and that his wife does not exceed 36 years and that they do not have any infirmity likely to shorten the natural duration of life. Also signed by H. L. Atkinson that he has examined the Candidate and to the best of his belief, he is quite free of any infirmity which would tend to shorten the natural duration of life. Dated Oct 20 1863.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest, james trotter, h l atkinson -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Printed declaration from John Cain of Long Gully declaring that he is under the age of 37 years and that his wife does not exceed 27 years and that they do not have any infirmity likely to shorten the natural duration of life. Also signed by H. L. Atkinson that he has examined the Candidate and to the best of his belief, he is quite free of any infirmity which would tend to shorten the natural duration of life. Dated 4th Augt 1866. Printed by Bro. Graham Berry, at the 'Observer' Office, Collingwood.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest, john cain -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Printed declaration from George Smith of Victoria Reef declaring that he is under the age of 35 years and that his wife does not exceed 29 years and that they do not have any infirmity likely to shorten the natural duration of life. Also signed by H. L. Atkinson that he has examined the Candidate and to the best of his belief, he is quite free of any infirmity which would tend to shorten the natural duration of life. Dated May 2nd 1866. Printed by Bro. Graham Berry, at the 'Observer' Office, Collingwood.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest, george smith, h l atkinson -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Printed declaration from Walter Philpot of Long Gully declaring that he is under the age of 32 years and that his wife does not exceed 24 years and that they do not have any infirmity likely to shorten the natural duration of life. Also signed by H. L. Atkinson that he has examined the Candidate and to the best of his belief, he is quite free of any infirmity which would tend to shorten the natural duration of life. Dated 2 Apr 1866. Printed by Bro. Graham Berry, at the 'Observer' Office, Collingwood.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, walter philpot, h l atkinson, graham berry, the 'observer' office -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Letter written on paper with printed letterhead and emblem. Letter mentions that William Carey, age 39 years, Baker, Scotchman, married, wifes age 32 years, 4 Children. Residence Spring Gully was rejected by this Court on las Court Night. August 16/66. Has Court Bendigo A.O.F. No. 3549 Sandhurst impression stamp.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, ancient order of foresters' friendly society, court bendigo, court king of the forest, william carey, thos n ?eushall -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Note to W. B. Evans, Sec. of Court King of the Forest, from ? Le Franz informing him that he is married and his wife's name is Mary.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, w b evans, court king of the forest, mary le franz, ? le franz