People in ancient civilisations smoked pipes during various healing and religious ceremonies. By the end of the 15th century, after tobacco was discovered in America, smoking had become a common pastime for everyday people. From that time, tobacco pipes were fashioned from many materials ranging from gold and silver to corn cobs and clay. A popular material was meerschaum, an expensive, soft, white stone from Turkey. In the 1820s, French craftsmen carved pipes out of the wood from the growth on the root of a Mediterranean White Heath. This material became increasingly popular due to its durable, heat-resistant qualities. The growth was called ‘bruyere’, now anglicised to ‘briar’ wood. Bakelite was the first plastic made from synthetic components. It was developed by Leo Baekeland of New York in 1907. The material was heat-resistant and could be moulded into any shape and hardened to keep its shape. This invention greatly impacted the industrial world and the products available to the domestic market, making more objects available at reduced cost.This smoker's tobacco pipe symbolises one of the leisure activities of the early 20th century that has continued into modern times. The shape and materials of the pipe represent a point in time in the evolution of tobacco pipes, including the revolutionary impact that the 1900s invention of Bakelite had on objects available in the domestic and industrial markets.Smoker's tobacco pipe; a round brown wooden pipe bowl joined to a dark brown mouthpiece. The French pipe's bowl is made from briar wood, and its mouthpiece is Bakelite. There is an inscription on the pipe."French Briar Pipe"warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, smoker's pipe, tobacco pipe, briar wood pipe, wooden pipe, smoking, french pipe, bakelite, smoker's equipment

This local flower show award from 1905 together with others in the collection demonstrates the significance of such shows as a form of social activity as well as horticultural science over the decades. It is also an example of church groups being involved in the social fabric of the community and activities that embraced all segments of the community of different religious persuasions as the certificate was awarded to Michael Taffe, a Roman Catholic in a Church of England enclave. The Girls' Friendly Society founded in England in 1875 was an Anglican Church group which formed to give maids and female domestic staff spiritual guidance and social activities for their days off. The first local Australian branch was formed in Adelaide in 1879 with branches being established in Ballarat from the 1880s. Other certificates from 1899 to the 1930s in this collection of Taffe awards come from a range of faiths and community groups. This award is one of a family collection from the nineteenth century through to the twenty-first century further demonstrating horticultural enthusiasts exhibition participation across generations.This certificate evidences one of the activities of the Girls Friendly Society St Paul's Branch in a community event that embraced the local community. The Girls Friendly Society commenced in Ballarat in the 1880s and this certificate evidences one way in which the movement not only raised funds but actively involved itself in the local community regardless of creed.Inscribed 'Stock Double Mr M J Taffe'.girls friendly society, st paul's, flower show, 1905,, ballarat

Isabel Huntington was a painter, craft officer and craft worker. She studied at Ballarat High School, Ballarat Technical Art School (a division of the School of Mines) and RMIT, and was a member of the Victorian Artists' Society and the Contemporary Art Society. In 1945 she was appointed Director of Handcrafts for the Victorian Division of the Red Cross Society. Isabel Huntington had previously held the position of Supervisor of Handcrafts at Heidelberg Military Hospital for three and a half years. She was a member of the Arts and Crafts Society. Isabel Huntington had five 'one-man" shows, three in Melbourne, one in Ballarat and one in Hamilton, Victoria. Ursula Hoff (from the National Gallery Victoria) judged the 1965 Albury awards for watercolour, and religious paintings in oils, awarding the prize to Isabel Huntington. In the same year Isabel Huntington travelled to Europe. After returning from overseas she taught at Rosanna High School, Victoria. Isabel Huntington lived at Montmorency, Victoria, and was there at the time of her death. Born Isabel McCausland, she married Robert Huntington in 1931. women of note, isabel huntington, ballarat school of mines, ballarat high school, ballarat technical art school, royal melbourne institute of technology, rmit, victorian division of red cross, director of handcrafts, rosanna high school, montmorency, heidelberg military hospital, supervisor of handcrafts, art shows, melbourne, ballarat, hamilton, mccausland, robert huntington

This is a photograph of two people (James Toole and Beryl Witkowski) amid celebrations for St Patrick's Day at the Burke Museum in an unknown year. St Patrick's Day is traditionally an Irish religious holiday, but has been adopted in countries such as Australia to celebrate an idea of Irish culture. These celebrations often include wearing green clothes, especially a shamrock hat, and drinking beer, all pictured here. This celebration appears to be taking place within the Burke Museum itself, with museum's iconic stained glass oval window in the background. The Museum, situated in Beechworth, holds a collection of over 30,000 individual objects - including this photograph. James Toole (left) was the 'face of the Beechworth Post Office' until his retirement in 2015, following a 45-year career in mail service. He is a Friend of the Burke Museum, volunteering on projects such as crafting the Burke Museum's float in the 2018 Beechworth Bakery and Beechworth Honey Grand Parade at the Golden Horseshoes Festival. He is known for his flamboyant character. Beryl Witkowski (right) was a historian and curator for the Burke Museum, retiring from her position in 2016. She was involved as a Friend of the Burke Museum from at least 2004.This photograph is significant to the Burke Museum and Beechworth as it depicts two prominent, contemporary members of the museum's paid and volunteer staff in the museum itself. It highlights both how the staff interacted with the museum through celebrations and how the museum itself was used in capacities other than object display. The photograph can also be used to interpret Australia's relationship to the St Patrick's Day holiday, especially given the presence of Irish immigrants to the Beechworth area in the nineteenth century.A colour, square photograph printed on rectangular photographic paper.First Card: WITKOWSKI, Beryl / TOOLE, James / BMM 3067 / Databased Second Card: Burke Museum / 3067 /burke museum, beechworth, museum staff, celebrations, st patrick's day, beer, australia, st patrick's day celebration

In the middle of the 1950s a project was launched to appoint a chaplain to Ballarat's three technical school - Ballarat Junior Technical School, Ballarat Girls' Technical School and Ballarat North Technical School. A Committee was formed at a public meeting on 13 March 1957 - Ballarat Technical Schools Chaplaincy Committee. They needed to raise 1250 Pounds from contributions raised by the schools This was the required amount to pay the annual salary for a chaplain. Response was excellent and in December 1957 a cheque for 1266 Pounds, 4 Shillings and 5 Pence was sent to The Council for Christian Education in Schools. On 28 May 1958, Rev Norman Lee was commissioned as the Chaplain of the Ballarat Technical Schools at a service in the Civic Hall, conducted by the Very Rev, Sir Francis Rolland, with the Director, Major-General A H Ramsay, representing the Education Department. Working over three schools and the need for the Committee to raise 1200 Pounds each year, put a lot of pressure on resources. In 1960 Rev Lee transferred to Nhill and the students of the Central Technical School began attending weekly religious services at the nearby Weslyan Church - now Ballarat Central Uniting Church. .1) School exercise book - graph and lined pages - dated 1957 and 1958. .2) Two (2) individual cards for "Ballarat Technical Schools Chaplaincy Fund" donations - dated 1959. .3) Nine (9) Council for Christian Education in School Receipts addressed to Ballarat Technical Schools Committee - dated 1960. .4) Seven (7) Ballarat Technical Schools Chaplaincy Committee receipts - dated 1959 .5) Six (6) receipts to Ballarat Junior Technical School for funds from The Ballarat Technical School Chaplaincy Committee - dated 1958 .6) Five (5) receipts to Ballarat Junior Technical School for funds from The Ballarat Technical School Chaplaincy Committee - dated 1959 Receipts signed ? Ferguson - Hon. Treasurer of The Ballarat Technical Schools Chaplaincy Committeeballarat junior technical school, ballarat girl's junior technical school, ballarat north junior technical school, chaplain, chaplaincy committee, pounds, shillings, pence, council for christian education in schools, rev. norman lee, very rev, sir francis rolland, major-general ramsay, uniting church, religious services, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, weslyan church

In 1954, as the defeated French forces left the State of Vietnam, Ngô Đình Diệm, a devout Roman Catholic, became the first prime minister. In 1956, a government-controlled referendum determined that South Vietnam should become a republic rather than stay under the control of Emperor Bảo Đại (who was living in Cannes, on the French Riviera). Ngô Đình Diệm appointed himself the first President of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). He then appointed his younger brother, Ngô Đình Nhu, to be his chief advisor and head of both South Vietnam’s secret police and its largest intelligence agency. During 1963, a campaign of civil resistance led by Buddhist monks protested religious discrimination. The government’s brutal treatment of Buddhists convinced many that Ngô Đình Diệm should go. While the United States publicly denied playing any part in the 1963 coup that overthrew Diệm, it was revealed that American officials had met with and encouraged the generals who planned the coup. Both Ngô Đình Diệm and his brother, Ngô Đình Nhu, were executed on 2 November 1963. 1st elected president of South Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem. 1st president vietnam, ngo dinh diem, republic of vietnam, south vietnam, assassination, execution

This altar cloth is one of a set of four of various sizes, embroidered and donated by a parent for the opening of the school's chapel. The chapel was completed in 1989 and officially dedicated 'in thanks for the work of J.R. Pascoe' in March 1990. Religious instruction has never formed part of the curriculum at Westbourne but Christian values have underpinned the school's identity since its very early days. Recognising the importance of spirituality to the broader life of a school, Principal John Pascoe set about building a small chapel at the Truganina campus. In 1988, Reverend George DuRink was appointed as inaugural chaplain, in time to advise on the chapel design, and remained at the school for more than twenty years. Reverend DuRink's friendly, inclusive approach to ministering, drawing largely on his extensive knowledge of philosophy and ethics, and welcoming the many faiths and cultures that came to the school from the growing surrounding community, set the tone for the spiritual dimension of education at Westbourne. An integral part of the fabric of the school, the chapel has been a place to gather for comfort and support during difficult times, a place for quiet reflection and at times a place for music and celebration.This altar cloth has historic significance as it is associated with the very beginning of the Westbourne chapel and was used in the chapel for many years. A rectangular piece of evenweave fabric with a fringed edge and cross stitched with a blue border around the entire piece and a yellow and green Westbourne logo facing the short edge at one end.

This beautiful hand-cut crystal vase was made in Poland by Violetta Crystal Glassworks. Its design is decorative and functional. It reflects vases produced in the late 19th and early 20th century when hand-cut lead Crystalware was popular in England. The lead content in the glass makes the glass softer and easier to hand-cut. The crystal clear glass sparkles in the light. Crystalware was kept for special occasions such as weddings and religious events. The Violetta Crystal Glassworks was founded in 1864 by Franz Losky, at the district of in Stronie Śląskie. Its original name was Oransko-Nassawska Glassworks, then later named Oranienhütte. The Glassworks came under Poland's rule after World War II. In 1950 it was subject to the Central Board of the Glass Industry and Precious Ceramics, with its seat in Sosnowiec, and the Glassworks was called United Glassworks of the Lower Silesia Region – State Crystal Glassworks in Stronie Śląskie.In 1953 it began exporting its products. In 1970 the name was changed to Violetta Crystal Glassworks in the Polish district of Stronie Śląskie. The firm became the major exporter of Polish glass. From 1992, structural changes in the company resulted in the loss of production, which stopped altogether in May, 2008. Minex CEI SA bought the plant in 2011 and operated it until the end of 2018.This hand-cut lead crystal vase design reflects that of vases produced in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. It is representative of decorative domestic items used during that era, particularly for important and special occasions such as weddings and religious events. Crystalware was cherished for its beauty. The vase is also significant for its association with the renowned Violetta Crystal Glassworks established in 1864 by Franz Losky, which was at one time the greatest exporter of hand-cut crystal made in Poland.Vase; clear hand-cut glass, 24 per cent lead crystal. The vase is wide at the top with a scalloped edge. It tapers inwards to a round foot. A clear rectangular label with gold text is attached. It is branded Violetta hand-cut crystal, made in Poland. On the label: "MADE IN POLAND" "Violetta" "Hand cut 24 % lead crystal" "(R)" within a circleflagstaff hill maritime village, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill museum and village, domestic object, decorative object, functional object, vase, crystal vase, cut glass vase, hand-cut glass, violetta, violetta glassworks, polish glassworks, made in poland, vase with scalloped edge, crystal glassworks, franz losky, oransko-nassawska glassworks, oranienhütte, stronie śląskie, hand-cut crystal, crystalware

Scrapbooks and albums provide a unique record of individuals, families, organizations, and associations. This scrapbook was compiled for Raymond and Rosemary by their Aunt Gertrude. It was donated to the Society by Rosemary Vaughan-Smith.Illustrated cloth bound, hard cover album used as a scrapbook. On the inside front cover the creator of the scrapbook is identified in 'scrap' lettering as "Aunt Gertrude" and that the recipients were "Raymond [&] Rosemary". Each of the 80 pages in the scrapbook includes pasted monochrome or colour printed illustrations and or texts. Typically, there is one design per page. Most of the material used in the scrapbook is undated, however dates may be deduced from the style of individual items. Some of the illustrations date from the 19th century while others are clearly from the first decades of the 20th century. A number of the items included have their publication date included in the design, including British soldiers in regimental uniform (1914), and covers of popular magazines such as Punch (1924). Many of the items include their original captions or the designer's name such as popular cartoons such as 'The Emergency Exit by W Heath Robinson, or 'Wheels and Squeals: A Study in Progress' by Alfred Leete. Illustrated advertisements for products such as 'O-Cedar Mop Polish', and magazine covers such as 'Passing Show' also provide opportunities for dating materials used in the book. In addition to the aforementioned types of material used, the scrapbook also contains sentimental, floral and religious illustrations, instructional educative materials, and patriotic content. The materials used would appear to be British in origin. Typical of many scrapbooks of the period, the album has a number of conservation-related issues, including foxing on some of the pages and illustrations. These may have resulted from the residue of sweat on fingers or from the glues used for pasting in some of the content.manuscripts - kew historical society, rosemary vaughan-smith, vaughan-smith collection, scrapbooks

This artifact is a large brass bell. It was retrieved from the Schomberg wreck by local divers in the 1970s. Its location at the wreck site was described as "found on the west side towards the stern" the vessel remains lying on a north-south axis, with the bow pointing towards the shore as a result the bell was assessed from this position to have formed part of the cargo. The view that this was not a ship's bell belonging to the Schomberg is gained from two other 'Schomberg Bells' in the Flagstaff Hill collection, both of which have the vessel's name prominently etched into their outer surface. Additional indications indicate that this bell was not intended for maritime use due to the bell's rounded 'bell-curve' shape suggesting it was melodically tunable. Also the detailed basket-type fittings on the bell dome that would allow the bell to be suspended by ropes rather than just bolted to a yoke. The bell is currently on display at Flagstaff Hill, categorised as a church bell part of the Schomberg's cargo that was intended for use in a church within the Victorian colony. As the Colony of Victoria became more established, and its population expanded with the Gold Rush and other emigration from Britain, the demand for regular religious services and permanent church buildings also grew. We will never know if this bell was a specific order or part of an enterprising bell founder's consignment of general stock to a wholesale supplier in Melbourne. A cargo manifest for the Schomberg has unfortunately never been found. The shipwreck of the Schomberg is regarded as of significance to Victoria and is registered on the states Heritage list (S 612). The Schomberg wreck has great historical significance as a rare example of a mid 19th century large, fast clipper ship intended to transport cargo and passengers between England and Australia. The vessel that carried this bell represents the marine advances made in an attempt to break established sailing records between Europe and Australia. Flagstaff Hill holds a noteworthy collection of artefacts from the Schomberg shipwreck. The collection as a whole is primarily significant because of the relationship the objects have archaeologically, not only to highlight the story of the Schomberg ship and later it's wrecking but have an important potential to interpret the story and progression of maritime shipping in the 19th century. The church bell has a standard bell-curve shape and is dull bronze in colour. A large brass bell, plain and without visible maker marks, but with traditionally intricate basket-type cast fittings for suspension from a yoke by a number of ropes or chains. Approximately 3/8 of the bell’s outer surface bears a thin layer of marine growth and limestone accretion, and there is some minor pitting and spots of light verdigris over the remainder. The bell mouth, or lip, is slightly compressed-in in two places. It was retrieved from the wreck of the Schomberg. None warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, schomberg, shipwrecked-artefact, clipper ship, black ball line, 1855 shipwreck, aberdeen clipper ship, captain forbes, peterborough shipwreck, ss queen, brass bell, church bell

Images of the contents of a Photo Album presented to Capt GW Kenney by members of the ASR Officers Mess on leaving Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna in 1978 are particularly important as a snapshot set of many members of the Army Survey Regiment in 1978. These photos are particularly interesting as members are photographed in their workplaces. Unfortunately, not all workplaces have been represented, however a large number have been. The majority of individuals in these photographs who were serving at the Army Survey Regiment at the time have been named. The images have been converted into MPEG - 4 video file format that runs for 3.5 minutes and is stored on a memory stick. The 69 individual still images have been saved in compressed JPEG (.jpg) format and are also stored on the single 16Gb USB memory stick. 39156 Capt GW Kenney served in the Australian Army from 6 Jan 67 till 1 Aug 2000. He commenced his career within the RASvy Corps until 1978 and after completing his religious training went on to serve as an Army Chaplin for the remainder of his 30yr Army career. He officiated at many significant Survey Corps ceremonial and social occasions in his Chaplin capacity. Capt Kenney gave his permission for the scanning of the Album by the ExFortuna Survey Association Inc.Images of the contents of a Photo Album presented to Capt GW Kenney by members of the ASR Officers Mess on leaving Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna in 1978. Images are 300 dpi scans of the colour and black and white photographs from the Album. The 69 images are mainly colour with a few being black and white. The individual still images have been saved in compressed JPEG (.jpg) format and stored on a single 16Gb USB memory stick. The images have also been converted into MPEG - 4 video file format and also stored on the memory stick. The 10.7Mb video runs for 3.5 minutes. A hard copy colour print of the Album cover is included.royal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr

John Rodney Oliver (7 July 1931 – 26 September 2010) was the son of Frank and Moira. Rodney Oliver was born on 7 July 1931, and lived for many years at the Missions to Seamen at the Flinders St Extension. Rodney was schooled at Melbourne Grammar, matriculating in 1948. Then, after a couple of years as a lumberjack and jackaroo, he commenced at University of Melbourne, beginning more than half a century’s association with Trinity College. Graduating with a BA in 1953, Rodney then made the first of many trips to England, reading theology at Bishop’s College, Cheshunt. A man who revelled in scholarship, he was also a competitive and energetic bowler, snooker and squash player. Ordained deacon on 23 September 1956, in the St Albans Diocese, his first ministry as curate began at the picturebook village of Much Hadham, where he met the love of his life, Lesley Brooks. Rodney was ordained priest on 5 January 1958, at the Missions to Seamen, Melbourne, commenced twelve years as Chaplain of Ballarat Grammar School in February 1958, and returned to England to marry Lesley in early 1961. Each of his and Lesley’s four children, Jeremy (TC 1979), David, Antony and Kate (TC 1987) was born at that time, during which amongst other things, Rodney taught Religious Instruction, Latin and English, pioneered bushwalking and mountain climbing in western Victoria, ran a large scouting group and coached an Australian archer.Medium format photograph depicting two chaplains.rodney oliver, frank leslie oliver, mission to seafarers, flinders street, st peter chapel, courtyard, ordination, john rodney oliver (1931-2010)

Chan-Young Choi, minister, religious organization administrator. Ordained to ministry Presbyterian Church Korea, 1952. Chaplain Republic of Korea Army, 1952-1955. Missionary to Thailand Presbyterian Church Korea, 1955-1970. General secretary Bible Societies in Thailand, Bangkok, 1962-1970. Distribution secretary American Bible Society, 1971-1974. Consultant marketing Asia Pacific region United Bible Societies, Manila, 1974-1977, coordinator marketing, 1977-1978, regional secretary Hong Kong, since 1978. Chairman Printing Limited company of United Bible Societies, Hong Kong, since 1987. Vice chairman Amity Printing Limited company, Nanping, Republic of China, since 1987. Missionary to Thailand Presbyterian Church Korea, 1955-1970. General secretary Bible Societies in Thailand, Bangkok, 1962-1970. Distribution secretary American Bible Society, 1971-1974. Consultant marketing Asia Pacific region United Bible Societies, Manila, 1974-1977, coordinator marketing, 1977-1978, regional secretary Hong Kong, since 1978. Chairman Printing Limited company of United Bible Societies, Hong Kong, since 1987. Vice chairman Amity Printing Limited company, Nanping, Republic of China, since 1987. Fraternal delegate Christian Church of Asia., Hong Kong, 1991, others. Speaker, lecturer various professional meetings. Principal Korean school for Korean children, Bangkok, 1962-1966. [https://prabook.com/web/chan-young.choi/203634] Head and shoulders portrait of Rev. Chan Young Choi, who is dressed in suit and tie.Spectator 12/5/1976 p.8presbyterian minister chan-young choi, presbyterian church korea

This photograph was taken at Samaria Farm on Sunday the 5th of September as part of a day trip by the Wooragee Landcare Group. The event was about looking at land use on small farms and as a social get-together for the Group. Wooragee Landcare was also researching how small landholders could run some enterprises around the time of this trip. Samaria Farm is located in northeast Victoria, near Mount Samaria, which is located 130 km northeast of Melbourne. Samaria Farm was owned by Sue and Due Matheson at the time of the trip and had a renowned rose garden, pigs, poultry, alpacas, and goats on their nine-hectare farm. The rose garden consists of 3000 damask roses. Samaria Farm distils the oil from these roses and is the only farm in Australia to do this. Rose oil has historically been used for religious and medical use. 20 kg of rose buds are picked by hand every day, which is then distilled and produced 5 to 8 ml of oil. The entire four-week season produces 80 to 100 ml of oil. Rose water is also created during this process and produces about 300 litres per season. Along with the oil, the Farm also harvests lemons, lime, olives, and oranges. The Farm is currently owned by Utako and Anthony since 2022, with Vicki and Allan Wight being the previous owners. Wooragee Landcare Group was created in 1988. Its core mission is to work towards eradicating animals and pests from the land to protect the natural vegetation and promote revegetation projects. This photograph is a great example of the type of events that Wooragee Landcare Group has organized, while educating the public about the importance of land use management. The group is important to the community and for the environment.Landscape coloured photograph printed on gloss paperReverse: WAN NA E0NA2N2. NNN+ 2 4240/ [PRINTED] (No. 18) / 371samaria farm, wooragee, wooragee landcare group, wooragee landcare's collection, samaria, small farm, land use, social, rose oil, damask roses, pests

This photograph was taken at Samaria Farm on Sunday the 5th of September as part of a day trip by the Wooragee Landcare Group. The event was about looking at land use on small farms and as a social get-together for the Group. Wooragee Landcare was also researching how small landholders could run some enterprises around the time of this trip. Samaria Farm is located in northeast Victoria, near Mount Samaria, which is located 130 km northeast of Melbourne. Samaria Farm was owned by Sue and Due Matheson at the time of the trip and had a renowned rose garden, pigs, poultry, alpacas, and goats on their nine-hectare farm. The rose garden consists of 3000 damask roses. Samaria Farm distils the oil from these roses and is the only farm in Australia to do this. Rose oil has historically been used for religious and medical use. 20 kg of rose buds are picked by hand every day, which is then distilled and produced 5 to 8 ml of oil. The entire four-week season produces 80 to 100 ml of oil. Rose water is also created during this process and produces about 300 litres per season. Along with the oil, the Farm also harvests lemons, lime, olives, and oranges. The Farm is currently owned by Utako and Anthony since 2022, with Vicki and Allan Wight being the previous owners. Wooragee Landcare Group was created in 1988. Its core mission is to work towards eradicating animals and pests from the land to protect the natural vegetation and promote revegetation projects. This photograph is a great example of the type of events that Wooragee Landcare Group has organized, while educating the public about the importance of land use management. The group is important to the community and for the environment. Landscape colored photograph printed on gloss paperReverse: WAN NA E0NA2N2. ANN+ 1 4240/ [PRINTED] (No. 19) / 372samaria farm, wooragee landcare group, wooragee, victoria, mount samaria, farming, roses, rose oil, damask roses, agriculture, pests, vegetation

This photograph shows a group of men standing outside the Ford Street office of the Ovens and Murray Advertiser in Beechworth. This group includes the Advertiser''s manager, Richard Warren, who is bearded man standing in the doorway and who's name is written on the reverse of the photograph. The Advertiser was a local paper, first printed as a weekly in 1855, and then as a daily in 1857. It continues to be printed today, albeit in a different form. The Advertiser was launched by architect Francis Hodgson Nixon with assistance from businessman John Henry Gray, and newspaperman Richard Warren. Warren was sole owner from 1860 until his death in 1906, and it responsible for much of the paper’s success. Its goals included coverage of local events, as well as of global news, and the promotion of economic liberty, arts, and sciences. Beyond these initial goals, the Advertiser was instrumental in local politics, particularly Beechworth’s association with conservatism and constitutionalism in the 1860s and 1870s. Numerous other papers sprung up to contest the Advertiser’s hold during the latter half of the nineteenth-century, but none were able to completely oust it from its post. As well as representing a key chapter in Beechworth’s history, the Advertiser can be used as a key source for the stories and figures of historic Beechworth. As well as managing the Advertiser, Richard Warren's owned or managed multiple businesses in Beechworth, founded the Ovens hospital and Benevolent asylum, invested in local companies, and participated in a range of religious brotherhoods and societies. He married Mary Ann Mitchell when he was twenty-six, and, while the couple were unable to have children, they adopted one son, who began managing the Advertiser in the late-nineteenth century. This photograph has historic significance afor its relationship to the history of the Ovens and Murray Advertiser, which is a key example of of successful nineteenth-century business in Beechworth, and for including an image of Richard Warren, a key figure in the period. Sepia rectangular photograph, faded, printed on photographic material and mounted on board. Obverse: The Ovens and Murray Advertiser Reverse: Or M A/ Printing Office/ Ford Street About 1860/ Beechworth/ R Warren [logo: R & M Harvey/Authorised Newsagents/ and Gift Shop/ Beechworth Phone 114]ovens and murray advertiser, the ovens and murray advertiser, newspaper, printing, ford street, richard warren, journalism, advertising, 1800s, 1800s beechworth, #beechworth, local business, advertiser, workmen, hats, printers, journalists, warren, mary ann mitchell, mary ann warren, 1860s, 1860s beechworth, r warren, r & m harvey

This photograph shows a group of workmen outside the Loch Street Printing Office of the Ovens and Murray Advertiser in Beechworth. The Advertiser was a local paper, first printed as a weekly in 1855, and then as a daily in 1857. It continues to be printed today, albeit in a different form. Initially based on Ford Street, the Loch Street office opened in 1893, after printing facilities were updated. The Advertiser was launched by architect Francis Hodgson Nixon with assistance from businessman John Henry Gray, and newspaperman Richard Warren. Warren was sole owner from 1860 until his death in 1906, and it responsible for much of the paper’s success. He appears in this photo alongside twenty of his staff and is the man standing directly in front of the doorway. When it launched, the paper’s goals included coverage of local events, as well as of global news, and the promotion of economic liberty, arts, and sciences. Beyond these initial goals, the Advertiser was instrumental in local politics, particularly Beechworth’s association with conversates and constitutionalism in the 1860s and 1870s. Numerous other papers sprung up to contest the Advertiser’s hold during the latter half of the nineteenth-century, but none were able to completely oust it from its post. As well as representing a key chapter in Beechworth’s history, the Advertiser can be used as a key source for the stories and figures of historic Beechworth. As well as managing the Advertiser, Richard Warren's owned or managed multiple businesses in Beechworth, founded the Ovens hospital and Benevolent asylum, invested in local companies, and participated in a range of religious brotherhoods and societies. He married Mary Ann Mitchell when he was twenty-six, and, while the couple were unable to have children, they adopted one son, who began managing the Advertiser in the late-nineteenth century. This photograph has historic significance afor its relationship to the history of the Ovens and Murray Advertiser, which is a key example of of successful nineteenth-century business in Beechworth, and for including an image of Richard Warren, a key figure in the period.Rectangular black and white photo printed on photographic material, unmounted. Obverse: Ovens and Murray/ Printing Office Reverse: Ovens and Murray Advertiser Staff 7721/ Beechworth/ BMM 79.15ovens and murray advertiser, the ovens and murray advertiser, newspaper, printing, richard warren, journalism, advertising, 1800s, 1800s beechworth, #beechworth, local business, advertiser, workmen, hats, printers, journalists, warren, mary ann mitchell, mary ann warren, r warren, loch street, 1890s, 1890s beechworth

David George Clark was the first and longest-serving headmaster at Eltham State School No. 209 (Eltham Primary) in Dalton Street, Eltham. David (then aged 26) and his sister Catherine first established their ‘private’ school which began in 1855 and was held in the Wesleyan Chapel in Henry Street, a slab built, shed-like building on land acquired by the Church in January 1855. Parents lobbied the Government to establish an official school, and a School Inspector came out to investigate. He found that the Clarks were of good moral and religious character (David taught Sunday School at St. Margaret's later on) and gave them his endorsement despite some perceived technical shortcomings. In 1856 a small stone building of 40 feet by 16 feet was erected on the school's present site at the corner of Main Road and Dalton Street. Half of the building was the school, the other half was the residence of David and Catherine and their mother, also Catherine. It appears that they were well respected by the local community: David constantly battled with the authorities to have facilities (such as toilets) at the school improved. As enrolment gradually increased, over-crowding became an issue. As well, David married Elizabeth in 1863. Needing to move out of the schoolhouse, in 1866 the Clarks bought a block of land in Metery Road next to the school and built the house "Shoestring" (which still exists albeit with significant modifications). Catherine retired in 1887 followed by David in 1889 after a period of ill health and was succeeded as Head Teacher by John Brown. David died in 1911 and is buried with his wife Elizabeth in Eltham Cemetery. In Loving Memory Of D. G. & E. ClarkBorn Digitaleltham cemetery, gravestones, david george clark, elizabeth clark, eltham primary school, eltham wesleyan chapel, state school no. 209

The lake surrounds Bled Island (Blejski otok). The island has several buildings, the main one being the pilgrimage church dedicated to the Assumption of Mary (Cerkev Marijinega vnebovzetja), built in its current form near the end of the 17th century, and decorated with remains of Gothic frescos from around 1470 in the presbyterium and rich Baroque equipment. The church has a 52 m (171 ft) tower and there is a Baroque stairway dating from 1655 with 99 stone steps leading up to the building. The church is frequently visited and weddings are held there regularly. Traditionally it is considered good luck for the groom to carry his bride up the steps on the day of their wedding before ringing the bell and making a wish inside the church. The traditional transportation to Bled Island is a wooden boat known as a pletna. The word pletna is a borrowing from Bavarian German Plätten 'flat-bottomed boat'. Some sources claim the pletna was used in Lake Bled as early as 1150 AD, but most historians date the first boats to 1590 AD. Similar in shape to Italian gondolas, a pletna seats 20 passengers. Modern boats are still made by hand and are recognizable by their colorful awnings. Pletna oarsman employ the stehrudder technique to propel and navigate boats across the lake using two oars. The role of the oarsman dates back to 1740, when Empress Maria Theresa granted 22 local families exclusive rights to ferry religious pilgrims across Lake Bled to worship on Bled Island. The profession is still restricted. Many modern oarsman descend directly from the original 22 families. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_BledDigital photographlake bled, church, stairway, steps, slovenia, stone, tradition

Isabel HUNTINGTON (1905 - 04 December 1971) Isabel McCausland was educated at Ballarat and married Robert Keith Huntington in 1931, and which time Isabel was living in the Melbourne suburb of Preston. Isabel Huntington was a painter, craft officer and craft worker. She studied at Ballarat High School, Ballarat Technical Art School (a division of the School of Mines) and RMIT, and was a member of the Victorian Artists' Society and the Contemporary Art Society. In 1945 she was appointed Director of Handcrafts for the Victorian Division of the Red Cross Society. Isabel Huntington had previously held the position of Supervisor of Handcrafts at Heidelberg Military Hospital for three and a half years. She was a member or the Arts and Crafts Society. Isabel Huntington had five 'one-man" shows, three in Melbourne, one in Ballarat and one in Hamilton, Victoria. The critics of the day described Isobel Huntington's work as Post Impressionist and Expressionist. 'Her enjoyment of the use of colour and her sense of vitality is obvious in her most original conception of the relationship of art to flowers.' Ursula Hoff judged the 1965 Albury awards for watercolour, and religious paintings in oils, awarding the prize to Isabel Huntington. In the same year Isabel Huntington travelled to Europe. In Ballarat's Crouch Prize Isabel Huntington was commended three times. After returning from overseas she taught at Rosanna High School, Victoria. Isabel Huntington lived at Montmorency, Victoria, and was there at the time of her death. Her studio was located at 10 Nokes Court, Montmorency, 3094. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007 in 1971.Framed painting of a sunflower. The signature at the lower right has been oversigned in white 'Huntington 1962". A note on the back of the work suggests it was more like to have been created in 1956, and it was first purchased between 1956 and 1958. If you can share information on this artist or artwork please use the email link below.A note on the back says "Sunflower 1962 Oil/Pastel Insurance Isobel Huntington Gouache 1956 Black Box. Huntingdon (sic) Isobel. Acquired between 1956 - 1958"art, artwork, gouache, painting, sunflower, isabel huntington, handcraft, arts and crafts society, crouch prize, ursula hoff, alumni, flora, ballarat teachers' college art collection, isobel huntington, isabel mccausland

The Douay (Douai) Rheims Bible is an English translation of the Latin Vulgate Bible (which had been the Latin Bible used by the Catholic Church since the 4th century). It was produced by Roman Catholic scholars in exile from Elizabethan Protestant England at the English College of Douai (then in the Spanish Netherlands but later part of France). The New Testament translation was published in 1582 at Rheims where the English College had temporarily located in 1578. The Old Testament was translated shortly afterwards but was not published until 1609-1610 in Douay (which makes it older than the King James version). The completed work was the only authorized Bible in English for Roman Catholics until the 20th Century. Its purpose was to uphold the Catholic tradition in the face of the Protestant Reformation and was produced as an alternative to the several Protestant translations then in existence. Prior to it being published, the Roman Catholic practice had restricted personal use of the Bible, in the Latin Vulgate, to the clergy. Bishop Richard Challoner issued a series of revisions (1749 - 1772) intended to make the translation more easily understandable and subsequent editions (including this one) were based upon this revision. In 1871, an edition of the Douay - Rheims Bible was published by Thomas Kelly & Sons of Philadelphia (and later, New York). Thomas Kelly described himself as a "Publisher, Printer, Binder, Lithographer and Steel Plate Engraver". In 1876, Thomas Kelly won an award (a Diploma of Honor and a Medal of Merit) for "the Best Catholic Bibles and Prayer Books" at the International Centennial Exhibition held in Philadelphia and his firm continued to print editions of the Bible throughout the 1870's but little is known of him after 1880 when this edition was published. This Bible has been in the Kermond family from 1888 until 1984 when Laurence Kermond (its last owner) died. The Kermonds were an old Warrnambool family with ties to the district going back to the mid 1840's. Joseph Kermond's mother, Catherine (1818 - 1895) and her husband John Kermond,, an ex-convict (1809 - 1877), had moved from Tasmania around 1843 and were living in the Warrnambool area in 1844 where their eldest son was born. They had six more children born at Port Fairy (or Belfast as it was then called). Catherine is buried at the Tower Hill cemetery. The last owner of the Bible was Laurence Kermond (1918 - 1984). He was the great grandson of John and Catherine Kermond and was a well known painter who lived in the Merimbula and Paynesville areas of N.S. W. and Victoria during the 1970's and early 1980's. The story of Joseph Kermond finding the Bible on a beach on the Shipwreck Coast near Peterborough on the southern coast of Victoria, Australia is plausible as it was not uncommon for items from shipwrecks to be washed ashore. However this Bible would not have come from the wreck of the Loch Ard as the dates don't align. The Loch Ard was wrecked in 1878 and this Bible was printed in 1880. It appears to have been printed for the Australian market as there is a page (with an engraved portrait) dedicated to the "Most Rev. Roger Bede Vaughan, O. S. B. Archbishop of Sydney, N. S. W.". It may also have been aimed at the Irish immigrants as the four "Family Register" pages are decorated with borders of shamrocks. The donor found the Bible in a box of secondhand books on a market stall in Gippsland and recognised its links to the Shipwreck Coast through the name of previous owners (a well-known Warrnambool name) and the story of it being found on a beach near Peterborough. This Bible is a rare example of Douay and Reims Catholic Bible of the late 19th century that was once a treasured item belonging to the Kermond family - one of Warrnambool's early settlers. It also has a most unusual story attached to it - being found (and rescued) washed up on a local beach and almost one hundred years later, being rescued again from a secondhand book stall.This Catholic Bible is an 1880 edition of a "Douay Bible and Rheims Testament", printed and published by Thomas Kelly of New York. Its full title is "The Holy Bible translated from the Latin Vulgate Diligently Compared with The Hebrew, Greek and Other Editions in Various Languages". It is revised with annotations by the Right Rev. R. Challoner D.D. The Bible has brown leather embossed front and back covers decorated with identical ornate gilt patterns and a central picture of a cross. It has two coloured illustrations and numerous black and white lithographs and engravings including portraits of past popes, events and places from Bible stories and decorative borders. The Bible includes the Old and New Testaments, approbations from Pope Pius the Sixth and Archbishops of the United States and other countries (including Archbishop Vaughan of Sydney), a Family Register with handwritten notes on births, deaths and marriages from the Kermond family (as well as a description of how they obtained the bible), a Catholic dictionary of the Bible, a history of the Holy Scriptures, a chronological list of heretics (Theological history) and a description of the "Centennial Award - Diploma of Honor and medal of Merit" won by Thomas Kelly (for the "Best Catholic Bible") at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876. The Records section has a note on the Memoranda page written by William John Kennard in 1920.Spine: HOLY BIBLE Title Page: THE/ HOLY BIBLE /TRANSLATED FROM/ THE LATIN VULGATE/ DILIGENTLY COMPARED WITH/THE HEBREW, GREEK AND OTHER EDITIONS/ IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES/ THE OLD TESTAMENT WAS FIRST PUBLISHED BY THE ENGLISH COLLEGE AT DOUAY, A.D. 1600 / AND THE NEW TESTAMENT, BY THE ENGLISH COLLEGE AT RHEIMS, A.D. 1582./ REVISED WITH ANNOTATIONS/ BY THE RIGHT REV. R. CHALLONER D.D./ TOGETHER WITH REFERENCES, AND AN HISTORICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX./ NOW CAREFULLY CORRECTED ACCORDING TO THE CLEMENTINE EDITION OF THE SCRIPTURES/ NEW YORK / THOMAS KELLY, PUBLISHER/ 17 BARCLAY STREET. / 1880 Dedication Page: DEDICATION OF THE ORIGINAL EDITION/ TO/ THAT LOYAL, RELIGIOUS AND ENLIGHTENED BODY OF MEN / THE/ CATHOLICS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA/ IN ADMIRATION OF THE STEADY ZEAL WITH WHICH THEY HAVE KEPTTHE/DEPOSIT OF FAITH/ BEQUEATHED THEM BY THEIR FOREFATHERS/ AND HANDED DOWN, WITHOUT INTERRUPTION OT ADULTERATION, TO THEIR GRATEFUL POSTERITY/ THIS EDITION/ OF THE/DOUAY BIBLE AND RHEIMS TESTAMENT/ IS / WITH GRATITUDE FOR PAST FAVORS AND HOPES OF FUTURE ENCOURAGEMENT/ MOST RESPECTFULLY ENSCRIBED. Handwritten note: ""This Holy Book was found . on the beach . near Peterborough Vic. having been washed ashore . from the wreck of the Loch Ard, (sailing ship) in the year 1888 . By .Joseph . Kermond; and presented to . his mother . Catherine Kermond , who in turn passed it - on . to her youngest . son ; one Jacob Kermond. He in turn presented . it to his son . William John Kermond , (the writer), 23/3/20)" [Original punctuation]flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, peterborough, kermond, kermond family, loch ard, bible, douay and rheims bible, catholic bible, thomas kelly and sons publiisher, douai, rheims, holy bible, religious bible, catherine kermond, john kermond, william john kermond'

Centenary of St. John's Presbyterian Church Forest Street, Bendigo 1872-1972. List of former Ministers of St. John's Church. A brief account of the history of the church is given. Extracts from minutes of Presbytery Church of Castlemaine 2/7/1872 states that they had not yet held any Sabbath Services in Sandhurst a grant not exceeding Twenty Pounds to meet the expenses of such Services necessary to establish a Second Charge in Sandhurst. Services were conducted in the Albion Hall, collections were obtained were liberal, Memorial signed by 104 members and adherents who expressed their desire to be recognized as a Congregation. St. John's first met at the Orderly Room (site of the Art Gallery), then at the Albion Hall (site of the Royal Princess Theatre), they then moved to St. James Hall (now Myer Store). In 1874 a weatherboard church in Forest St. was erected seating 550 persons, and named St. John's Presbyterian Church. It then became known as St John's Free Church and in 1880 it was admitted into the Presbyterian Church of Victoria and named Chalmer's Church. History accounts goes on to explain the further changes which happened within the church to 1972. Many other details have been included in the book such as the costs of the pews the 'Ladies Work Committee', a monthly church paper, Anniversary platform, securing a Manse, the year of the 'black-out', food parcels, the purchase of a building, the pioneering of religious films in church services, renovations, Sunday School, Stewardship Campaign, electronic organ. The history goes on detailing the growth of the organisations in the church; Choir, Sunday School Sunday School Ladies Auxiliary, PWMU, Afernoon Fellowship, Ladies Guild, PGF, Men's Club and Brotherhood, Bible Class, Sporting Clubs, PFA, Mission Band, Creche, Cradle Roll, Board of Management. A list of 'Memorials and Other Gifts Through the Years' from 1904 to 1972. Present 'Office Bearers of the Church'. Photo of present church on front cover, on rear cover is the church erected in 1897. With Indexchurch, centenary, st john's bendigo, st john's presbyterian church forest street bendigo centenary

Several German families arrived in Wodonga, usually via South Australia, in the late 1850 and 1860s. Some of the earliest settlers to arrive were the Haeusler, Schlink, Trudewind, Pfeiffer and Klinge families. Many of them had left from Prussia and Bavaria to escape religious persecution. They all became actively involved in the community and made outstanding and lasting contributions to the development of the town. In the years 1868-69 more settlers arrived from South Australia and other parts of Victoria. Among the names were Heckendorf, Mueller, Zeinert and Schubert. These families were instrumental in lobbying for the establishment of the St. John's Lutheran Church in Wodonga, the foundation stone being laid in 1874. By the 1890s to the early 1900s many other Germany names were added to the local community including Muller, Lange, Pumpa, Greschke, Lobbe, Posselt, Kreuger, Schuster, Pertzel, Star, Draper, Mueller, Semmler, Thiele, Terlich, Wegener, Schreiber and Draper. Germans continued to arrive in the area until 1914. In the great post-war migration that started through Bonegilla in December 1947, Germans were among the tens of thousands who arrived. Most of the migrants who settled in Wodonga at this time were born in Germany. According to the 2016 Census, Wodonga still has a larger percentage of people with German ancestry than most other rural communities in Victoria. The German Austrian Australian Club, Wodonga was originally formed in 1960 by immigrants to Australia, to provide a meeting place for refugees and immigrants from Europe. Oktoberfest has become a world-wide occasion for all people to share in the celebration of Bavarian traditions. The Wodonga Hospital approached the Club and asked for their involvement in holding an Oktoberfest to raise funds for the Hospital. These Fests took 11 months to organize and ended up raising over $27,000.00 for the Hospital. A large number of families of German origin have arrived in the Wodonga area from as early as the 1850s. They have made valuable and lasting contributions to the area in a range of fields including agriculture, local government, businesses, retail and medical services. Their contributions are recognised in several street names in Wodonga. A white china beer stein bearing the blue logo of the Wodonga 1979 Oktoberfest. Logo includes an image of a woman in German national costume.Above the image "WODONGA" Underneath the image "OKTOBERFEST 1979"wodonga, oktoberfest, german immigrants

Taken in the year 1900, this glass slide captures an image of St. Joseph's Church, a Roman Catholic Church that is still present today at 9 Church Street, Beechworth. This was one of many churches that was established in Beechworth during the second half of the nineteenth-century. This trend began with a focus on Anglican faith; however, in the early 1850s, Father Patrick Smyth, a priest from Maynooth, Ireland, advocated for the establishment of a Roman Catholic Church in the town. Roman Catholicism quickly grew to be the second largest religious group in the area; this was primarily due to the work of Father William Tierney, a priest from Dublin who arrived in Beechworth in 1859. Tierney personally fostered the growth of many Catholic schools and churches in Beechworth, as he viewed it to be a significant area for the prosperity of the religion. St. Josephs Church was officially established in 1866, with the Bishop of Melbourne, Dr Goold, laying the foundational stone of the building. The estimated cost of the building in its entirety was approximately twenty-thousand pounds. Further additions to the building - including a second aisle, tower and spire - were proposed for the church, but were ultimately never built. Lantern slides, sometimes called 'magic lantern' slides, are glass plates on which an image has been secured for the purpose of projection. Glass slides were etched or hand-painted for this purpose from the Eighteenth Century but the process became more popular and accessible to the public with the development of photographic-emulsion slides used with a 'Magic Lantern' device in the mid-Nineteenth Century. Photographic lantern slides comprise a double-negative emulsion layer (forming a positive image) between thin glass plates that are bound together. A number of processes existed to form and bind the emulsion layer to the base plate, including the albumen, wet plate collodion, gelatine dry plate and woodburytype techniques. Lantern slides and magic lantern technologies are seen as foundational precursors to the development of modern photography and film-making techniques.This glass slide captures social and historical significance as it represents the development of Beechworth as a prosperous and thriving town; a development that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth-century. It also shows the development of religious institutions in the area, specifically the growth of Catholicism. Thin translucent sheet of glass with a circular image printed on the front and framed in a black backing. It is held together by metal strips to secure the edges of the slide.burke museum, beechworth, lantern slide, slide, glass slide, plate, burke museum collection, photograph, monochrome, churches beechworth, st. joseph's church, catholicism beechworth, roman catholic churches beechworth, father patrick smyth, father william tierney

Produced for Enola Gay's participation in Hiroshima Day, Sat 6 August 1983, assembling at Belmore Park at 10 am under the Enola Gay banners. 0:00: Introduction and song; 3:50: Japanese instrumental music; 9:08: Commentary resumes - history of the bombing of Hiroshima, 6 Aug 1945, and Nagasaki 3 days later; 15:30: Music Tomorrow never comes until it's too late; 19:45: Commentary including accounts from survivors; 26:58: Music, Take the toys from the boys; 29:25: Commentary regarding arms race, including voice of Fabian LoSchiavo regarding dissident religious views in the USA; 33:05: Music, California dreaming; 36:10: Commentary re the practicalities of bomb shelters; 38:00: Music, Cancer, cancer; 41:40: Commentary re peace marches in Europe, health effects of radiation, civil defense in nuclear war, music; 47:35: Music, Universal soldier (cut off towards end), anti-war parody of Yankee Doodle Uncle Sam with Australian refs (Omega, Pine Gap etc); 59:10: Commentary regarding nuclear bomb testing at Marilinga (SA) and Monte Bello islands; 1:01:15: Music, 'But I aint a marchin' any more'; 1:04:05: Commentary re costs of arms race - refs to gay and feminist anti-war groups overseas; 1:05:58: Music, Down by the riverside/Aint gonna study war no more, promo for Enola Gay and prep for Hiroshima Day, instrumental music, music US forces (Midnight Oil), Soft touch (Poison Girls); 1:26:56: Music, Thank Christ for the bomb, eerie instrumental music, Maralinga (Midnight Oil), Not another bomb song, ending at 1:39:00.Maxwell UD XL I - C90 cassette tapeInscribed in biro on label: "ENOLA GAY Disarmament Special - Gaywaves 2SER 4/8/83."anti-nuclear activism, gay and lesbian activism, hiroshima day

In 1948 during her Australian tour Helen Keller visited the west suburban SUNSHINE GIRLS TECHNICAL SCHOOL, to express her thanks for a letter written by the students in support of her work with deaf and blind people. She and her travelling companions presented the school with their signatures. Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880 and due to an illness at the age of 20 months lost both her sight and hearing. Helen was taught to communicate by Anne Sullivan who wrote words into her hand, and she also learned to speak by touching the throat and lips of people as they spoke. In June 28, 1904 Helen Keller graduated from Radcliffe College with a Bachelor of Arts degree, being the first deaf and blind person to do so. In October 1914 Polly Thomson joined up with Helen and Anne. Helen published an account of her religious beliefs and an autobiography, and in 1930 the three women travelled to Scotland, England and Ireland. In 1931 they participated in the first World Council for the Blind. After Anne Sullivan Macy died in 1936 Helen and Polly continued to travel to several countries. In 1943 Helen visited blind, deaf, and disabled soldiers in a USA military hospital, which she described as "the crowning experience of my life". In 1946 Helen and Polly made their first world tour for the American Foundation for the Overseas Blind and over the next 11 years visited 35 countries. In 1955 Helen became the first woman to be honoured with an honorary degree from Harvard University. In 1960 Polly Thomson died, and in 1961 Helen suffered her first stroke and so retired from public life. In 1964 President Johnson conferred the Presidential Medal of Freedom however she was unable to attend the ceremony. On June 1, 1968 Helen died in her sleep, and her ashes have been interred with those of Anne and Polly at the National Cathedral. Over 1200 mourners attended the funeral.It is significant that Helen Keller actually took the time and effort to visit the Sunshine Girls Technical School to thank the students for their supporting letter. Helen Keller's many achievements show that a severely handicapped deaf and blind person can make significant contributions to society, if they apply themselves and receive assistance from dedicated friends. Brown stained wood frame with glass face enclosing a beige paper with three signatures and a typed white paper section describing reason for the signatures. Helen Keller, Polly Thomson, Marion Fatuson, 11.5.48helen keller, polly thomson, marion fatuson, anne sullivan macy, deaf, blind, signatures, radcliffe college, sunshine girls technical school

This framed print is part of a number of items from the St. Nicholas Seamen’s Church, 139 Nelson Place, Williamstown, Victoria, used during religious services there. The Church was operated by the Mission to Seamen organisation. THE MISSIONS TO SEAMEN (Brief History: for more, see our Reg. No. 611, Set of Pews) The Missions to Seamen, an Anglican charity, has served seafarers of the world since 1856 in Great Britain. Its symbol is a Flying Angel, inspired by a Bible verse. Today there are centres in over 200 ports worldwide where seamen of all backgrounds are offered a warm welcome and provided with a wide range of facilities. In Victoria, the orgainsation began in Williamstown in 1857. It was a Sailors’ Church, also known as ‘Bethel’ or the ‘Floating Church’. Its location was an old hulk floating in Hobson’s Bay, Port of Melbourne. It soon became part of the Missions to Seamen, Victoria. In the year 2000 the organisation, now named Mission to Seafarers, still operated locally in Melbourne, Portland, Geelong and Hastings. The Ladies’ Harbour Lights Guild was formed in 1906 to support the Missions to Seamen in Melbourne and other centres such as Williamstown. Two of the most significant ladies of the Guild were founder Ethel Augusta Godfrey and foundation member Alice Sibthorpe Tracy (who established a branch of the Guild in Warrnambool in 1920). The Guild continued its work until the 1960s. In 1943 a former Williamstown bank was purchased for the Missions to Seaman Club. The chapel was named St Nicholas’ Seamen’s Church and was supported by the Ladies’ Harbour Lights Guild, the Williamstown Lightkeepers’ Auxiliary and the League of Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Friends. It ceased operation in 1966. A Missions to Seamen Chapel and Recreation Room was a significant feature of ports during the late 1800s and into the 1900s. It seemed appropriate for Flagstaff Hill to include such a representation within the new Maritime Village, so the Melbourne Board of Management of Missions to Seamen Victoria gave its permission on 21st May 1979 for the entire furnishings of the Williamstown chapel to be transferred to Flagstaff Hill. The St Nicholas Seamen’s Church was officially opened on October 11, 1981, and closely resembles the Williamstown chapel. This print is significant historically for its origin in the St Nicholas Mission to Seamen's Church in Williamstown, established in 1857 to cater for the physical, social, and spiritual needs of seafarers. It originated in Bristol, England when a Seamen's Mission was formed in 1837. The item is historically significant for its connection to the Ladies Lightkeepers’ Auxiliary, an organisation of women, formed to support seafarers. The connection of this item to the Mission to Seamen and to the Ladies Lightkeepers’ Auxiliary highlights the strong community awareness of the life of people at sea, their dangers and hardships, and their need for physical, financial, spiritual and moral support. Print of a watercolour painting, framed in Huon pine wood behind glass.Depicts the artist's impression of the Biblical event referred to as The Last Supper. Inscription marked on the back. Australian, circa 1890. The print is part of the St Nicholas Seamen's Church Collection (NOTE: This is not a copy of Leonardo da Vinci's 'Last Supper'.)On rear of board: "156" flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, religion, religious service, st nicholas seamen’s church, williamstown, missions to seamen victoria, last supper, worship, religious worship, ladies lightkeepers’ auxiliary

Neutron scans from ANSTO reveal that only portion of the animal, probably a cat, was wrapped in the mummy. Preliminary reports of C14 dating indicates that it dates from about 600BCE. It was discovered in the 1850s in Egypt. Many animals in ancient Egypt were deemed to represent a specific deity. Egyptologists have suggested that in the first millennium B.C. an act of popular piety was to place a mummified animal as a votive offering in a catacomb established at a cult center of that deity. Such an act may be expected to afford protection and bring good fortune. More recently, a close connection between the veneration of sacred animals and the worship of the king has been proposed, with the suggestion that these offerings were obligatory for religious officials and soldiers connected with certain royal cults. Interment of sacred animals was quite common in the Ptolemaic period (304-30 BCE) and continued well into the first half of the Roman period, or the second century CE. Cat cemeteries have been found throughout Egypt, and it is probably the Goddess, Bastet's association with her divine sisters in the wild, the malevolent Sakhmet and other lion-headed goddesses, that accounts for the presence of very large cat catacombs at Saqqara, Thebes, and Beni Hasan, where these leonine deities were particularly revered. There were several ways in which the cats were prepared for deposition; in the simplest cases the bodies were mummified and wrapped in linen strips, which were sometimes dyed different brown tones and woven to form geometric patterns. Usually the limbs were positioned close to the body, making a compact bundle but some mummies held lifelike poses. Egyptians considered certain individual animals to be living manifestations of a god, such as, the Apis bull. Individuals were mummified when they died and buried for eternal life, then replaced by another single living manifestation. Research on animal mummies shows that the majority of mummies found at the large animal cemetery sites are pre-adults who were purposely killed for use, sometimes by breaking the neck. Some mummies are 'substitutes' containing only a few bones or feathers or possibly sticks or sand. Mummified cat remains.