This photograph shows how (early to mid1900s), before the establishment of the Mount Beauty "gated" village, the Kiewa Valley was farmed and the scarce population was spread out over acres of productive land. This photograph catches a time before (what appeared to the local farmers as the invasion by a mass of construction workers) when this remote valley was part of a "lay back" rural landscape,occasionally visited by friends and some wayward tourists. The mountain ranges provided an adequate barrier against the way-would traveller. The immigration numbers coming into Australia was still quite small ( due to the "white" Australia policy) which was in force before World War II. After World War II a mass of displaced European refugees and migrants boosted the Australian population and provided for a greater degree of diverse professions and rural related work force.This photograph depicts the borderline in time between an exclusively rural based population and respective activities(early 1900s)to the present (2000 on wards) integrated village, tourist and retiree/holiday area. The time when land was exclusively used in agriculture is over and the impact of cheaper rural produce from Asian markets will see a shift of land useage and population activities. The Kiewa Valley is loosing its hiding place and is becoming more and more a source of untapped residential land. Black and white photograph of farming/grazing land useage, before the establishment of the Mount Beauty Village. Small pockets of residentual houses can be viewed. Road access (unsealed dirt) was typical of that provided in rural regions in the 1950s. The photo is on 200gms paper and not on photographic paper.kiewa valley in the early1900s, grazing in the kiewa valley, sec victoria

A Scythe was one of the most important of all agricultural hand tools, consisting of a curved blade fitted at an angle to a long, curved handle and used for cutting grain. In modern scythes the handle has a projecting peg that is grasped by one hand, facilitating control of the swinging motion by which grass and grain are cut. The exact origin of the scythe is unknown, but it was little used in the ancient world. It came into wide use only with agricultural developments of the Carolingian era (8th century AD) in Europe, when the harvesting and storing of hay became important to support livestock through winters. Scythes can still be found in use today by hobby farmers and permaculturists. ( producing food, by using ways that do not deplete the earth's natural resources) to cut grass in a more eco-friendly way as opposed to using a machine.A hand tool used for the cutting of crops and grain, modern versions are still being produced today in Europe. The subject item gives us a snapshot into agricultural practices in times past.Scythe with long wood Snath (curved handle) with 1 hand holding piece & curved blade. Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

Bullets for early firearms were made as lead balls in iron scissor moulds. The moulds had scissor action, with ends shaped as a hollow half-sphere that formed a ball when the handles closed. Melted lead was poured into a small filling hole in the top of the closed mould. When the lead was set the handles were opened and the ball was released from the mould. Excess lead was trimmed using the cutting edge of the mould. The task of pouring the melted lead into the mould had to be performed slowly so that air pockets didn’t form. The shot would have a join line around it, which would make it inaccurate; the join needed to be carefully filed to make the ball into a smooth sphere. Larger quantities of lead shot were often cast in a multi-bullet mould that was used in a similar way. Lead shot mould; cast iron, scissor type metal object with sphere shaped mould at end used to make lead shot balls for a shotgun. Mould has a cutting edge to trim off excess lead.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, firearms, bullet, cast bullet, lead ball, lead shot, scissor mould

George Barraclough (1907-1981), a landholder from north of Licola, in the Victorian Great Divide, made a number of these spikes, as needed. As accounts were paid, receipts were pasted to the account, the account was impaled on the spike, and the spike was rehung on a nail on a wall stud. All transactions dealing with money were filed in this manner, as an orderly way of tracking items that were usually remotely ordered and delivered on the mail car. George Barraclough used No8 in a number of creative ways, and his durable and untilitarion toasting forks are still in family use today. After George died in 1981 the spikes with their accounts passed to his daughter Linda Barraclough, who archived the accounts and later made copies available for study. Those accounts form a record of the businesses of Heyfield for 1940s and 1950s.This bill hook is of historical significance as a survivor of bush ingenuity and bush filing systems. Commercially made bill spikes were in common use in offices, where they usually consisted of a heavy metal base with an upright pointed piece of wire. Number 8 fencing wire was an important and readily accessible repair commodity for rural dwellers, and achieved iconic status as the most generic method of repair for cars broken down (resort to nearest fence) and was even used to hold houses together. Referring to "No 8 fencing wire" became a type of Australian shorthand for bush ingenuity. It is no longer available, being replaced by 4mm high tensile wire. This item is important both as an example of inventive use of No8 wire, and also as an example of the bush filing methods in use in the 1940s and 1950s. No 8 fencing wire holds a similar position in New Zealand - see Wikipedia NZ at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_8_wire A section of number 8 fencing wire twisted to form a bill spike. It has a rounded.base made from several twists of wire in a flat platform, with the remaining wire rising from the centre to form a stem that terminates in a hook with a sharpened point.wire, bush ingenuity, barraclough, licola north

Robin Boyd was asked to write this article, after Jorn Utzon resigned for the Sydney Opera House commission. Description of the tension between Utzon requiring more freedom to develop his ideas, and the pressure applied by Davis Hughes, State Minister of Public Works of NSW Government. Boyd describes the controversy, the outblowing of costs. Robin Boyd’s desk cupboard contained two exercise books (item D482.1-D482.2) and assorted articles, essays and other material regarding the building of the Sydney Opera House, inserted inside the front cover of Walkabout magazine, July 1966 (item P1377). This publication is one of those inserts. Many of these were collected by Boyd’s eldest daughter, Mandie, who recalls that her father was writing a book, but was very disillusioned with the way the entire Opera House saga unfolded. A reprint from The Architectural Forum pp 21-22.Also p23-24, pp 81-84.A reprint from The Architectural Forum, p21.sydney opera house, utzon, davis hughes, arne jacobsen, saarinen, arup, edward herbert farmer, sydney opera house project, walsh st library

The first article describes the opinion of the British conductor Sir Malcolm Sargent to his visit to the Sydney Opera House. The second article, by Tony Pratt, discusses a possible boycott of Australian architects in competitions to be decided at the annual meeting of the International Union of Architects' International Contents Committee. Robin Boyd’s desk cupboard contained two exercise books (item D482.1-D482.2) and assorted articles, essays and other material regarding the building of the Sydney Opera House, inserted inside the front cover of Walkabout magazine, July 1966 (item P1377). This publication is one of those inserts. Many of these were collected by Boyd’s eldest daughter, Mandie, who recalls that her father was writing a book, but was very disillusioned with the way the entire Opera House saga unfolded.sydney opera house, utzon, sydney opera house project, walsh st library

The Opera House article reports on the disparaging opinion of Mr Colin Badger, director of the Council of Adult Education, pn the Sydney Opera House.The other article reports on the speech given by Mr WW Shugg, Federal President of RAIA as a memorial tribute to Robin Boyd at the RAIA building. Robin Boyd’s desk cupboard contained two exercise books (item D482.1-D482.2) and assorted articles, essays and other material regarding the building of the Sydney Opera House, inserted inside the front cover of Walkabout magazine, July 1966 (item P1377). This publication is one of those inserts. Many of these were collected by Boyd’s eldest daughter, Mandie, who recalls that her father was writing a book, but was very disillusioned with the way the entire Opera House saga unfolded.Articles on p11.sydney opera house, utzon, sydney opera house project, walsh st library

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)A number of photographs taken at Tower Hill, including the lakes, volcanic ash layer, and koala.tower hill, ash layer, volcano

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Black and white image of Tower Hill, near Koroit, Victoria.tower hill, volcano, crater

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Panaramic view of Tower Hill, Victoria.tower hill, volcano, crater

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Black and white photograph of Tower Hill devoid of trees.tower hill, crossley, volcano

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Colour photographs of a lake in a volcanic crater at Tower Hill, Victoria. volcano, crater, lake, tower hill

These letters from 1978, record the first known attempts by Melbourne Legacy to preserve and store their history and what "The Wardens" of the archives believed was the most appropriate way to proceed with the project. Legatees Brian Armstrong and Frank Doolan were appointed by the Board of Management to scope the work to establish and archive as 'The Wardens'. They mention in their report to the BOM that many original files were lost in a fire 'many years ago' and they had collected material from many sources. They felt that a proper storage facility and indexing was required and were not able to complete those tasks. It would appear most of their work remained in their envelopes and storage system until the Victorian Collections archive was created. Came from an envelope labelled 'P2 Archives Origin' in red pen as per the archive system used by the original archive.Significant in that the Board of Melbourne Legacy understood and valued the importance of preserving and documenting the history of Melbourne Legacy. A record that Frank Doolan and Brian Armstrong had done considerable work at creating the initial archive for Legacy in 1978.Two letters about the original attempt to create an archive. 00456.1 Copy of a letter typed on Legacy A4 letterhead, dated 7 February 1978, to the Legacy secretary from Legatees Frank Doolan and Brian Armstrong. 00456.2 Letter typed on quarto Legacy letterhead, dated 10 March 1978, from the secretary advising their letter had been tabled at the Board Meeting.00456.1. Handwritten, "L/tee Brian Armstrong" in blue ball point pen. Stamped COPY ONLY, in purple ink. Signed Frank Doolan and HB Armstrong. 00456.2 Signed Legatee L. F. Johns. Hon Sec Melbourne Legacy.history, frank doolan

From late in 1960 VR took what were the first definite steps to close the Colac-Beech Forest line. 1,101 tonnes of freight per year flowed from Colac to Beech Forest because of increasing competition from the roads. From 1 July 1960 onwards, when pulpwood (hardwood) stopped being shipped from Beech Forest, a maximum of only 7,000 tonnes/year would be shipped to Colac. Including special trips passenger revenue earned a little more than $200 per annum. The issue of second-hand sleepers stopped entirely and the two track gangs only patrolled the track and tightened loose bolts. The line did not earn its way and on 4 November 1960 it was recommended that services over the narrow gauge line be discontinued.The rear of a goods train from Colac arrives at Beech Forest on 9 August 1961. The other line is the former Crowes line truncated at Weeaproinah in January 1955. In the background is the Beech Forest Hall and Shire of Otway offices. Colour.colac; beech forest; railway;

In 1940, German minefields were laid in east and west Bass Strait which quickly claimed merchant ships Cambridge (British) and the City of Rayville (American). HMAS Goorangai had finished mine sweeping duties and after resupply was crossing from Queenscliff to Point Nepean to seek better anchorage due to impending bad weather. At around 20:30 on the 20th of November 1940 the 10,400-ton MV Duntroon was transiting the South Channel on her way to Sydney from Perth via Melbourne carrying 65 passengers and general and perishable cargo. It struck HMAS Goorangai forward of the funnel on the port side and cut her in two. At about 20:45 HMAS Goorangai sank in less than a minute resulting in the loss of her whole ship’s company, a complement of 24 officers and sailors.HMAS Goorangai was the first Royal Australian Navy (RAN) ship lost in WWII, the first RAN surface ship lost in wartime, and the first RAN surface ship lost with all hands. A memorial cairn was erected at Queenscliff in 1981 and a service of commemoration is held there every year.A severely damaged and corroded aluminium teapot recovered from the wreck of HMAS Goorangaihmas goorangai, wwii, collision at sea

The historian Dorothy Rogers records (A History of Kew, p.5) that "In 1888 he [Arthur Wills] took over his estate, 'Willsmere', and conducted it as a dairy farm. He was an architect by profession, and having established the farm he rented it, and returned to live in Barry Street, Kew, where his only child, Dorothy was born in 1889. He entered Kew Council in 1891, and three years later built a new house in Fellows Street, on land that Thomas had purchased at the 1846-47 sales. He became Mayor of Kew in 1896-97, and during his term of office sold this house and built the present 'Willsmere' [pictured] on the corner of Willsmere and Belford Roads. ... Never a house of great distinction, it has now been demolished to make way for a freeway."This work forms part of the collection assembled by the historian Dorothy Rogers, that was donated to the Kew Historical Society by her son John Rogers in 2015. The manuscripts, photographs, maps, and documents were sourced by her from both family and local collections or produced as references for her print publications. Many were directly used by Rogers in writing ‘Lovely Old Homes of Kew’ (1961) and 'A History of Kew' (1973), or the numerous articles on local history that she produced for suburban newspapers. Most of the photographs in the collection include detailed annotations in her hand. The Rogers Collection provides a comprehensive insight into the working habits of a historian in the 1960s and 1970s. Together it forms the largest privately-donated collection within the archives of the Kew Historical Society.Willsmere, the home of the Wills family of Kew, designed by the architect Arthur Wills, circa 1896. arthur wills, willsmere, belford road, willsmere road, dorothy rogers, kew, wills family

This chainsaw was one of the earliest models sold in Australia. It was manufactured by the Lombard company which was established in 1894 when Nathaniel Lombard developed the first practical water wheel governor in Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA. In 1904, the company moved to Ashland, Massachusetts. During the first World War, Lombard Governor produced hydraulic lathes for the manufacture of artillery shells At the conclusion of the war, Lombard expanded into the areas of chain saws and plastic molding injection machines. This model, the L-30 was only produced for 2 years from 1962 - 1964, primarily due to safety concerns and the fact that it did not have any way to sharpen or tighten the chain. This chainsaw was sold by Mann of Wodonga and donated to the Wodonga and District Historical society by David Mann, owner and manager of Mann Wodonga.This item is significant as it was produced for a limited time. It was also sold by a prominent Wodonga business.A single operator chain saw from Lombard, Ashland, Massachusetts, USA. The chainsaw was relatively lightweight but had no safety features such as a chain brake. It was made primarily of sand cast magnesium. The main cylinder was constructed of aluminium with a cast iron sleeve. It had a manual oil pump, the crankshaft operated on ball bearings and it had a maximum rpm of 4,500. See the Model profile in the accompanying Media item for details.On side of fuel tank: "ONE HALF PINT/SAE-30 OIL/ FOR EACH/ GALLON GASOLINE/ MIX WELL IN SEPARATE CONTAINER/BEFORE FILLING" On opposite side: "STARTING INSTRUCTIONS 1: FILL FUEL TANK WITH PROPER FUEL MIXTURE ( AS NOTED ON TANK) 2. FILL OIL RESERVOIR WITH #30 MOTOR OIL 3. CLOSE CHOKE, MOVE LEVER BACK TOWARDS AIR FILTER 4. HOLD THROTTLE WIDE OPEN 5. PULL STARTER HANDLE SLOWLY UNTIL STARTER ENGAGES, THEN GIVE IT A SHARP YANK 6. AS ENGINE WARMS UP, EASE CHOKE LEVER TO OPEN POSITION"hand tools, vintage chainsaws, david mann, mann wodonga

It was at the first international reunion of Vietnam Veterans held in Melbourne, in October 1988. It included a march down Swanston St to the Shrine. There are more photos of Legatees outside Legacy House watching the veterans march past at 01579 and 01380. The 1988 parade of Vietnam Veterans in Melbourne was a significant event and Legacy provided rosemary sprigs for the event, a meal afterwards and Legatees attended. Other photos had a label which said 'The first international reunion of Vietnam Veterans was held in Melbourne in October 1988. Many of Melbourne Legacy's 'Legatees' stood to salute the marchers as they made their way to the Shrine of Remembrance.' Views of Swanston St streetscape in the background, including corner of Lonsdale and Swanston St looking south to the Shrine. Street banners said 'Remember' on a green and red background.The 1988 parade of Vietnam Veterans in Melbourne was a significant event and Legacy provided rosemary sprigs for the event, a meal afterwards and Legatees attended.Colour photo x 10 of a Vietnam Veterans march past Legacy House and a white paper label.White paper label handwritten in black 'Vietnam Veterans International Reunion. Melbourne Legatees salute Vietnam Vets.' Photos were taken by Susie Howard the publicity officer, and the date was 15.10.88.vietnam veterans, march, legatee event, streetscape

Two letters dated 12th June 1972 and 18th June 1972 from Legatee D.B. Carter to Legatee E.G. Baker as a member of the Board of Management, discussing the Residences Review Sub-Committee Report of April 1972. (Cat. No. 01674). L/- Carter challenges many of the items in the report in quite an emphatic manner before offering his own recommendations in the first letter; not content with this lengthy letter, he revisits the matter only six days later and 'urges' the Board of Management to appoint a sub-committee to examine not only accommodation of problem children, but also whether Melbourne Legacy funds are being used in the most effective way. See Cat. No. 01686 for Legatee Chancellor's response as Chair of the Residences Review Sub-Committee. Also mentions children being placed in auxiliary accomodation.Part of the history of Melbourne Legacy's involvement with residential care for children.White foolscap sheets x 3 pages, with black type. Two holes punched for filing. residences, review, blamey house, harelands, stanhope, committee

Celebrations for the 80th Anniversary of Legacy were held in the grounds of Government House in 2003. These photos show the Melbourne skyline in 2003 and views across MCG and the sports precinct. The note with the photos says: "Legacy's 80th Anniversary Function Over 1200 people recently attended Legacy's 80th Anniversary Function. The sun streaming through the picturesque garden surroundings at Government House contributed to the success of the day. Many of the guests enjoyed catching to the success of the day. Many of the guests enjoyed catching up with friends and acquaintances that go back a long way. Some had not seen each other for decades and there was much excitement renewing old friendships. The guests were entertained by The Royal Australian Navy Jazz Ensemble and the MC was David Mann from Radio 3AW." See also 00989, 00990 and 00991. The Anniversary celebrations were held at Government house due to the close relationship with the Governor of Victoria as patron of Legacy.Colour photo x 4 of views of Melbourne from Government House during the 80th Anniversary celebration.Printed on the back 80th anniversary, government house party, events

John Christian MacCullagh (5/6/1832 - 24/9/1917) Born in Ireland Dean MacCullagh came to Victoria in 1863 and was ordained as a minister in 1864 and his first posting was to Lancefield where he served as the first resident minister 1867-1870. Following the death of his young wife he moved to Bendigo in 1870 as the parish minister for St Pauls in Myers Street. At this stage the church was a long way from completion. 1872 made Canon 1877 Bishop's Canon 1883 rural dean 1883 Archdeacon of Sandhurst 1902 Dean of the diocese 1916 retired due to ill health 1917 Died in Melbourne and was buried at Lancefield. A triptych stained glass window at St Pauls stands as a memorial to his service of 47 years.Biography Six-page notes on the life and service of Dean John Christian MacCullagh. Typed pages.biography, dean maccullagh

Designed by Raymond Lavender, American Printing House for the Blind, it was produced between 1962-1982. A modernized Braille writer, the Lavender allowed the paper to exit through the cover in a way similar to a typewriter. The keys are rectangular and the design is compact with no protruding parts. The cover, which is an integral part of the design, snaps on the case. The case and cover are made of Cycolac, a high impact resistant plastic. After the writer was in use for some time, it was discovered that the plastic material tended to warp and production was discontinued. (Information from the American Printing House for the Blind website). Lavender Braille Writer consisting of an oblong shaped structure made out of a beige coloured metal base with cream coloured keys and a beige coloured hard plastic cover. Braille letters are achieved by punching the various keys. A metallic handle is included.Beige coloured plastic rectangle object with cream buttons and silver returns lever with covering boxbraille equipment, assistive devices

A description in the newspaper near the illustration (page 210) reads as follows: "Eltham is a pretty little township on the Yarra Flats road, about 14 miles east north east of Melbourne, from which place there is communication by way of Heidelberg. It has a population of nearly 400 inhabitants, but in addition it is the centre of a large district extending over about 203 square miles, having a population of 2344. The land in the district is mostly used for grazing purposes, although as a rule the small farms grow a good deal of wheat, oats and other agricultural produce. A large quantity of fruit, especially raspberries and strawberries, is also produced, the rich alluvial flats along the creek upon which the township is situated being very well adapted for that purpose. Gold has also been found in the vicinity of the township, but not in remunerative quantities". This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.Digital imageshire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, eltham, illustrated australian news

EDHS Newsletter No. 266 October 2022 It is 150 years since the Colony of Victoria introduced the Education Act in 1872. At our next society meeting at 7.30pm on Wednesday 12th October we will look at the early history of some of the schools in the Eltham district. What were the driving forces behind the establishment of some of these schools and what challenges were encountered along the way? At this meeting Dr Geoffrey Sandy will speak about the Church of England Denominational School at Little Eltham, Dr Andrew Lemon will talk about the history of Research State School, Jim Connor will speak about the Eltham Primary School and Irene Kearsey will comment on some of the findings from her recent project digitising the early class records of Eltham Primary School.1:21:48 duration Digital MP3 file; 28.0MBaudio recording, eltham district historical society, meeting, society meeting, eltham, 150th anniversary, dr andrew lemon, dr geoffrey sandy, irene kearsey, jim connor, public education victoria

Provides the Rules and Regulations for the St Kilda - Brighton Electric Street Railway, dated June 1907. The railway opened on 5/5/1906 and to Brighton on 22/12/1906. the latter largely as a single track. Has the name F E Bradford on the front cover. Gives rules for crossing cable tram lines, those for drivers, speeds, conductors, accidents, bell signals, signals on overhead line, regulations for working by staff and ticket, pilot working, rules for workers on the permanent way, and additional rules such as collecting money from passengers for breaking windows. See Reg Item 3508 for a "Supplement to the Book of Instructions re the working of the St Kilda and Brighton Electric Street Railway, dated 1/1/1915", item 2840 for the 1926/27 version and 7580 for a 1911 version.Yields information about the "Rules and Regulations" - St Kilda Brighton - Electric Street Railway Book - cloth cover red covers, 20 pages, centre stapled.Has initials "PwR" and "Secretary" in ink on the first page.trams, tramways, cable trams, trackwork, vr, victorian railways, st kilda - brighton, rules, employees, safeworking

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Panaramic view of Tower Hill, Victoria.tower hill, volcano, crater

Bull & Mouth Hotel Main Street Stawell Built 1907. Photo c1921 with cars in front. The original wooden Hotel was built by Dawkin & Hickory in 1863. George Dawkin had the first license. It had 4 bedrooms and two sitting rooms. John Hunter had the license from 1876 to 1889 when he died. During this time it boasted 16 rooms with commodious premises. In 1907 when owned by H. Edhouse of Bryant & Co Brewery the old wooden building was pulled down and a new one erected. Tenders for this were in the vicinity of 2000 pounds. After the rebuilding Mary Oliver held a license from 1908 until 1921. Like most hotels it changed hands many times and was finally demolished to make way for a car park for Earles Supermarket in 1985. Two story brick Hotel with group of ladies on top verandah. Two 1920's cars parked at front hotel

This a cropped reproduction of a photograph taken by Charles Nettleton in c. 1868. Founded in 1856, the Lying-in Hospital was the second hospital to be established in Melbourne, after the Melbourne Hospital. It was, however, the first lying-in hospital in the Australasian colonies. The hospital was founded in a converted private house "Fairmont", which was located at 41 Albert Street, Eastern Hill (now East Melbourne). In 1858, the 'Lying-in Hospital' was relocated and opened in Madeline St, North Melbourne (now known as Swanston St, Carlton)." (The Women's) The building pictured here was eventually demolished in 1938 to make way for further extensions to the building. The original site in Albert Street was demolished in 1960, and the site is now occupied by the Melbourne Fire Brigade. A section of the wrought iron gates from the original site in Albert Street is held in RANZCOG's historical collection.Reproduction photograph of the front of a building. The building is three stories high. The lowest floor has eight large windows, with a door at centre, on the front side. One side window can also be seen at bottom right. There is a small flight of stairs leading up to the door. The second floor has eight windows in the same locations as the first floor, plus one additional window at centre instead of a door. The top floor is much smaller, with three small windows facing the front of the building. There are trees in the grounds in from of the building. House and grounds are enclosed behind a fence. There is a gate in the fence opposite the front door. Three figures are visible on the path outside the fence. One is at the centre of the image, and the other two are in the right hand corner. Text printed below image reads 'THE LYING - IN HOSPITAL circa 1870'. The image has been mounted and framed in a black wooden frame. An old display label for this image is attached to the back of the frame. handwritten text on backing board at back of work reads 'Probably prior to 1867 (J. Nattrass, 1968). Tape residue visible on backing board at upper right. A chain and two hooks have been added to the frame for hanging.

Langlands Company History: Langlands foundry was Melbourne's first foundry and iron shipbuilder established in 1842, only 8 years after the founding of the Victorian colony by two Scottish immigrants, Robert Langlands and Thomas Fulton, who had formed a partnership before emigrating (1813–1859). The business was known as the 'Langlands Foundry Co'. Henry Langlands (1794-1863), left Scotland in 1846 with his wife Christian, née Thoms, and five surviving children to join his brother Robert. By the time he arrived in early January of 1847 the partnership of Robert Langlands and Fulton had dissolved as Fulton had gone off to establish his own works. It was at this time that the two brothers took over ownership of Langlands foundry. Several years later Robert retired and Henry became sole the proprietor. The foundry was originally located on Flinders Lane between King and Spencer streets. Their sole machine tool, when they commenced as a business, was a small slide rest lathe turned by foot. In about 1865 they moved to the south side of the Yarra River, to the Yarra bank near the Spencer Street Bridge and then in about 1886 they moved to Grant Street, South Melbourne. The works employed as many as 350 workers manufacturing a wide range of marine, mining, civil engineering, railway and general manufacturing components including engines and boilers. The foundry prospered despite high wages and the lack of raw materials. It became known for high-quality products that competed successfully with any imported articles. By the time Henry retired, the foundry was one of the largest employers in Victoria and was responsible for casting the first bell and lamp-posts in the colony. The business was carried on by his sons after Henry's death. The company was responsible for fabricating the boiler for the first railway locomotive to operate in Australia, built-in 1854 by Robertson, Martin & Smith for the Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company. Also in the 1860s, they commenced manufacture of cast iron pipes for the Board of Works, which was then laying the first reticulated water supply system in Melbourne. Langlands was well known for its gold mining equipment, being the first company in Victoria to take up the manufacture of mining machinery, and it played an important role in equipping Victoria's and Australia's first mineral boom in the 1850s and 1860s. Langlands Foundry was an incubator for several engineers including Herbert Austin (1866–1941) who worked as a fitter at Langlands and went on to work on the Wolesely Shearing machine. He also founded the Austin Motor Company in 1905. Around the 1890s Langlands Foundry Co. declined and was bought up by the Austral Otis Co. in about 1893. History for Grimoldi: John Baptist Grimoldi was born in London UK. His Father was Domeneck Grimoldi, who was born in Amsterdam with an Italian Father and Dutch mother. Domeneck was also a scientific instrument maker. John B Grimoldi had served his apprenticeship to his older brother Henry Grimoldi in Brooke Street, Holburn, London and had emigrated from England to Australia to start his own meteorological and scientific instrument makers business at 81 Queens St Melbourne. He operated his business in 1862 until 1883 when it was brought by William Samuel and Charles Frederick, also well known scientific instrument makers who had emigrated to Melbourne in 1875. John Grimoldi became successful and made a number of high quality measuring instruments for the Meteorological Observatory in Melbourne. The barometer was installed at Warrnambool's old jetty and then the Breakwater as part of the Victorian Government's insistence that barometers be placed at all major Victorian ports. This coastal barometer is representative of barometers that were installed through this government scheme that began in 1866. The collecting of meteorological data was an important aspect of the Melbourne Observatory's work from its inception. Just as astronomy had an important practical role to play in navigation, timekeeping and surveying, so the meteorological service provided up to date weather information and forecasts that were essential for shipping and agriculture. As a result, instruments made by the early instrument makers of Australia was of significant importance to the development and safe trading of companies operating during the Victorian colonies early days. The provenance of this artefact is well documented and demonstrates, in particular, the importance of the barometer to the local fishermen and mariners of Warrnambool. This barometer is historically significant for its association with Langlands’ Foundry which pioneered technology in the developing colony by establishing the first ironworks in Melbourne founded in 1842. Also, it is significant for its connection to John B Grimoldi who made the barometer and thermometer housed in the cast iron case. Grimoldi, a successful meteorological and scientific instrument maker, arrived in the colony from England and established his business in 1862 becoming an instrument maker to the Melbourne Observatory. Additional significance is its completeness and for its rarity, as it is believed to be one of only two extant barometers of this type and in 1986 it was moved to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village as part of its museum collection. Coast Barometer No. 8 is a tall, red painted cast iron pillar containing a vertical combined barometer and thermometer. Half way down in the cast iron framed glass door is a keyhole. Inside is a wooden case containing a mercury barometer at the top with a thermometer attached underneath, each with a separate glass window and a silver coloured metal backing plate. Just below the barometer, on the right-hand side, is a brass disc with a hole for a gauge key in the centre. The barometer has a silvered tin backing plate with a scale, in inches, of "27 to 31" on the right side and includes a Vernier with finer markings, which is set by turning the gauge key. The thermometer has a silvered tin backing plate with a scale on the left side of "30 to 140". Each of the scales has markings showing the units between the numbers.Inscription at the top front of the pillar reads "COAST BAROMETER" Inscribed on the bottom of the pillar is "No 8". and "LANGLANDS BROS & CO ENGINEERS MELBOURNE " The barometer backing plate is inscribed "COAST BAROMETER NO. 8, VICTORIA" and printed on the left of the scale, has "J GRIMOLDI" on the top and left of the scale, inscribed "Maker, MELBOURNE". There is an inscription on the bottom right-hand side of the thermometer scale, just above the 30 mark "FREEZING" Etched into the timber inside the case are the Roman numerals "VIII" (the number 8)flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, warrnambool breakwater, coast barometer, coastal barometer, barometer, weather warning, ports and harbours, fishery barometer, sea coast barometer, austral otis co, coast barometer no. 8, henry grimoldi, henry langlands, john baptist grimoldi, langlands foundry co, meteorological instrument maker, robert langlands, scientific instrument maker, thermometer, thomas fulton