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Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Instruction, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "Sections - Increased Fares and Check Identification", Oct. 1965
Significant in being a detailed set of instructions for punching tickets for various sections and journeys on the Ballarat system. Gives details for each fare type. Issued following a fare increase. Also a pre-decimal currency document.Set of two foolscap duplicated sheets, titled "Sections - Increased Fares and Check Identification", dated 13 October 1965. Gives details of the increased fares details and how it applied for each section on the tramway by fare value. Gives details of what punch destination number to punch on the tickets, in bound and out bound. See Reg Item 3458 for the 1/9/1966 version - post-decimal See Reg Item 4123 for a photocopy of this document on A4 sheets. trams, tramways, ballarat, tickets, fares, conductors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, John Webster, 21/08/1955 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about the appearance of one of Geelong's trams prior to closure and entry to the depot building.Black and white photograph of Geelong No. 34 leaving the depot with the conductor leaning out front door. The tram has the destination of "Belmont" Photographed by John Webster, 21/8/1955. The "Stripped Horror" Actual print part of the whole negative, see btm 4197i3.. Negative scanned at hi res 4/6/2020 and image updated.On rear in ink "Stripped Horror, / Tram 34, Geelong Vic" and in top right hand corner "EH 34 / 21-8-55 JR" On Negative in ink "EH36"tramways, trams, geelong, depot, tram 34 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Specification, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Tender Schedule for All-Electric Trams", 1972
Comb bound (white plastic) specification document, approx. 70 pages, with glossy card covers, titled "Tender Schedule for All-Electric Trams", published by the Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board, closing 2 Oct. 1972. Details the conditions of tender, conditions of contract, notes, specification, gives background information about Melbourne, dimensions, performance, drivers and conductors, trucks, wheels, brakes, electrical equipment, control panels and drawings. The drawings give a map of the system, typical city route, Glenferrie Road route (grade diagram), concrete track construction, min. radius curves, loading gauge, all-electric tram and mounting details for the trolley base, schedule of prices, tender form, form of contract, schedule of information to be provided by the tenderer.trams, tramways, specification, tenders, z class trams, mmtb, melbourne -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Ron Hann, Jan. 1963
Yields information about the Sebastopol terminus, the tram liveries in 1963.Black and white print on heavy matt photographic paper of No. 35 at the Sebastopol terminus with the conductor pulling the pole down. The tram has the destination of Sebastopol. In the background are homes. 2nd copy - laser print - with date etc on rear - added 22/2/2010, copy from Ron Hann. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolour Crystal Archive for Frontier"On rear in pencil "35 Sebastopo1963", 2nd copy has label "Reference 6/113/8 Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Ballarat 01.63"tramways, trams, sebastopol, tram 35 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Ron Hann, Jan. 1963
Yields information about the Golden Square terminus, shops and roof advertisements on the tramcar.Black and white print on heavy matt photographic paper of Bendigo 19 at the Quarry Hill terminus with the conductor attending to the trolley pole. No. 19 has roof advertisements for "You'll cook better Electrically" and "Jeffrey's Bread, a treat to eat" and the destination Nth Bendigo. In the background is Symons Diary, Milk Bar, a Peters Ice cream van and sign. 2nd copy - laser print - with date etc on rear - added 22/2/2010, copy from Ron Hann. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolour Crystal Archive for Frontier"On rear in pencil "19 Golden Square 1963" 2nd copy has label "Reference 6/214/29" Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Bendigo Golden Square 01.63"tramways, trams, bendigo, golden square, tram 19 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Ron Hann, Jan. 1963
Yields information about the North Bendigo terminus, the level crossing and roof advertisements on the tramcar.Black and white print on heavy matt photographic paper of Bendigo 19 at the North Bendigo terminus, with the conductor walking back to the tram, c1963. The tram has an "Electric Cook" roof advertisement and "Cohns Drinks" advertisement on the front dash panel. 2nd copy - laser print - with date etc on rear - added 22/2/2010, copy from Ron Hann. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolour Crystal Archive for Frontier"On rear in pencil "North Bendigo 1963" 2nd copy has label "Reference 6/212/30" Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Bendigo North 01.63"tramways, trams, bendigo, north bendigo, tram 19 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Lilian Butler, 1954
Yields information about the tram that was decorated for the visit of the Queen in 1954 and has a strong association with those in the photograph.Black and white Kodak copy photograph of Ballarat tram No. 38 decorated for the Royal visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Ballarat, during 1954, Sturt St, with the driver and conductor photographed standing in front of the tram. Decorated with Red, White and Blue cloth on front and sides of cars and over windows and other Royal motifs. See also Reg. Item 412 for a colour slide and 1896 for a black and white photo postcard. Used on page 117 of "The Golden City and its Tramways", photo credited to Mrs. I Butler. .1 - Original print supplied by Lilian Butler with details of the crews on the rear in ink - Driver Jim Mc, Conductor Eric Black. Image rescanned from copy neg and updated 31/5/2020. tramways, trams, wendouree parade, royal visit, decorated trams, tram 38 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Chris Wurr, 1971
Black and White photograph of a trammie changing the points at the intersection of Sturt and Lydiard St with the Ballarat Post Office in the background. The trammie is carrying a conductors cash /ticket bag. Published on page 88 of "The Golden City and its Tramways"Stamped on rear in black ink "Donated to BTPS by and Photo By" / "Chris Wurr 12 Truscott Street, Ararat 3377 (053) 52 3403.tramways, trams, sturt st, lydiard st, points, post office -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board Rules and Regulations", Nov. 1974
Demonstrates the method that the MMTB used to inform its tram and bus crews of the organisational rules and regulations in respect to the operation of the public transport service in Melbourne - mid 1970's.Book with light green Rexene covers, slightly rounded corners, six sections, sewn with self end papers, 104 pages, excluding end papers. Details the MMTB Rules and Regulations relating to drivers, conductors and employees concerned in any aspect of electric tram and motor omnibus operations. Issued with date Nov. 1974. Full scan of document (difficult to do a proper scan) added 29/5/2019.trams, tramways, mmtb rules, rules, drivers, conductors, buses -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Form/s, Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society (BTPS), "Revenue Journal", mid 1970's
Demonstrates aspects of the operation of a tramway system - collection of revenue from ticket sales, as used by the Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society in its early days.A4 size sheet of paper, printed up as a BTPS conductor's Revenue Journal for tickets or checks sold. No values given for the "checks". Form would have been printed about 1973, collected late 1970's?. Later forms had the values printed in. Two copies held. Form titled for the "Ballarat Tramways". trams, tramways, fares, revenue journal, btps, tickets -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Form/s, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "Revenue Journal", 11/03/1971 12:00:00 AM
Demonstrates, yields information and has a strong association with the individual conductors on the day that the revenue journals were compiled. Shows the total revenue and passengers and how the passengers were counted. Demonstrates the system used to compile revenue returns and passenger numbers.Set of 34 completed "Revenue Journals", for recording the value of tickets sold by Conductors. Compiled for the 11/3/1971, "D" tin. Shows how the forms were completed and who was on duty that day. Have been signed by each conductor. Numbers of checks issued varies from 6 to 499. Outfit 41D has notes regarding a school passenger. Gives the totals, cash returned and overs/under amounts. Has a metal folding pin near the top left hand corner of the sheet, with the cover giving details of the outfit and date. Each sheet provides the opening and close numbers, See Reg Item 3063 for the blank form and form details.trams, tramways, tickets, accounting, revenue journal, conductors, sec -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - Ticket Wallet with 9 blocks of tickets, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), late 1960's
... . Trams tramways SECV Tickets Conductors Ticket wallet with a set ...Demonstrates the method of dispensing tickets by conductors, how the tickets could be arranged, although the arrangement may not exactly represent the 1958-1963 arrangements of a ticket wallet. Yields information about the style and printing of tickets used in Ballarat and Bendigo tramways and how they were presented. Has a strong association with Travis Jeffery.Ticket wallet with a set of nine 1950-60's Ballarat tram tickets set up to represent a typical conductor's set of tickets by Travis Jeffrey, though these may not exactly line up with the fares at any one period - 1958 to 1963 following the introduction of concession tickets. Does not have a 3d City Section Ticket. 4000 - Sheet of leather, approx. 2mm thick, stained brown with four pockets formed on each side with another sheet of leather, stitched on all sides to form pockets to hold eight blocks of tickets. Stitching is a light cream or white colour cotton. The stitching on one side that forms the pockets has been removed, possibly by Travis, to present the tickets. 3992 - 7d black 3993 - 6d teal 3994 - 5d green 3995 - 4d brown 3996 - 4d Parcel check 3997 - 2d Red 3998 - 3d orange 3999 - 2d concession - red 4001 - 3d concession - orange 4002 - 2d City Section - red See Alan Bradley's notes "Fares in Ballarat"trams, tramways, secv, tickets, conductors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Dave Macartney, 25/07/1961 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about the Grey St. loop and the street scene on a wet day with a milk car and bicycle in the view.Black and white photograph of No. 14 entering the Grey / Gray St. Loop, Albert St, Sebastopol. Taken during a rainy day with a horse drawn milk cart in the background and a cyclist crossing the road. The tram has the destination of Lydiard St. North, is running one man, the motorman / driver has a conductors bag around his neck. The tram also has dash canopy advertisements for "The Age" and Briquettes. Photo taken 25/7/1961 by Dave Macartney. Printed on stipple paper. Two copies held - 2nd in poor order - for temporary display only. Copy 3 - in good condition - added 26/7/2007, ex Alan Bradley 5/2007 - 203H x 252W.tramways, trams, sebastopol, albert st, grey st loop, horse drawn vehicle, milk cart, tram 14 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Uniform - Cap, Commonwealth Government Clothing Factories Melbourne, early 1960's?
Demonstrates uniform cap manufacture. Appears to be unworn.SEC Motorman/Drivers/Conductors cap - green cloth exterior, grey cotton interior lining, brown leather internal hat band, black cotton hat band on exterior with a plastic band at the front half of the cap terminating in two small SEC metal buttons on either side, black plastic peak. Sewn on the inside is a label "Commonwealth Government Clothing Factories Melbourne" and stamped "6 1/2". On the right hand side of the inside of the brown band, stamped in gold is the Australian Coat of Arms and the words "A quality product / made in Australia / by the Dept. of Supply". Appears never to have been used.tramways, trams, ballarat, uniforms, cap -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Uniform - Cap, Commonwealth Government Clothing Factories Melbourne, mid 1960's
Demonstrates uniform cap manufacture for a SEC Inspector, shows the "braid" worn by inspectors and has a strong association with Theo Dunstan.SEC Inspectors/Conductors cap - black cloth exterior, grey cotton interior lining, brown leather internal hat band, black cotton hat band with gold trimmings, on exterior with a plastic band at the front half of the cap terminating in two small SEC gold coloured metal buttons on either side, black plastic peak. Fitted with and "Inspector" cap badge - brass, has been polished with Brasso remains on interior of letters. Received from donor as three individual items - reassembled. Assumed made by the Commonwealth Government Clothing Factories Melbourne, as identical style to that of a crew cap.tramways, trams, ballarat, uniforms, cap, inspectors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Uniform - Cap, Commonwealth Government Clothing Factories Melbourne, early 1960's
Demonstrates uniform cap manufacture for a SEC Inspector and has a strong association with Theo Dunstan.A well used - SEC Inspectors/Conductors cap - black cloth exterior, grey cotton interior lining, brown leather internal hat band, on exterior with a plastic band at the front half of the cap terminating in two small SEC gold coloured metal buttons on either side, black plastic peak. Missing the Inspectors trip or "braid" Sewn to the inside top of the cap, a white label with red printing "Commonwealth Government Clothing Factories Melbourne" and stamped "6 5/8".tramways, trams, ballarat, uniforms, cap, inspectors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Colour Photograph/s - set of 14, Carolyn Cleak, 12/03/2006 12:00:00 AM
Set of 14 colour photographs by Carolyn Dean during the 2006 Begonia Festival period. Printed on Kodak paper. .1 - 661 and 27 at Gardens loop - 12/3/2006 .2 - Crowd scene at Gardens Loop .3 - Neil Lardner - conductor .4 - Loading passengers - 27 Gardens Loop .5 - Group scene at Mess room - Bruce Worthington, Graeme Cleak, Neil Lardner, John Shaw, Bill Kingsley, Alastair Reither, Greg Rodgers. .6 - Graeme Cleak and Bill Kingsley, 661 at St Aidans Drive .7 - Bruce Worthington sweeping track at depot .8 - Swinging the pole at Depot Junction .9 - 40 out in the open with 26 and 8 behind - 11/3/2006 .10 - ditto .11 - 466 on 6 road .12 - 671 at Depot Jtn - 12/3/2006 .13 - Graeme Cleak issuing check tickets .14 - ditto.On rear of each photo is name and address label of Carolyn Dean and date in black ink.wendouree parade, begonia festival, btm, depot, tram 661, tram 27, tram 671, tram 40, tram 8, tram 26, tram 466 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Letter/s, Warren Doubleday, Dec. 2005
Copies of correspondence concerning an ESCO employee, Johnny and Tommy Young - ESCo employees. 1. Letter from Warren Doubleday to Bruce Reynolds of Horsham dated 6/12/2005. 2. Extract typed from ESCo, employee Register for Thomas Young and John Young. 3. Letter from Bruce Reynolds dated 17 Nov. 2005, handwritten on lined paper. 4. Letter from Warren Doubleday to Bruce Reynolds dated 6/6/2006 4. Typed extract from ESCo Traffic Employees Wages book for 1919 to 1925, confirming dates in item 1. Updated 6/6/2006 Images of document added 27-08-12.trams, tramways, young, motormen, junior conductors, esco -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Postcard, Ron Scholten, SEC Ballarat No. 40, Victoria St
Colour photograph, printed on a postcard back format of SEC Ballarat No. 40, to the east of the King St Loop in Victoria St. Tram has the destination of Victoria St. Taken from a motor car travelling in the same direction. Conductor on footstep, signalling cars to stop.trams, tramways, victoria st, tram 21, tram 40 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Rule Book, Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society (BTPS), "Instructions to Drivers in Electric Car Operation", 1972
Thirty Eight page, side staple book , printed on duplicating paper, foolscap size, with a yellow cover. Titled "Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society /Electric System /Instructions to Drivers in Electric Car Operation" Dated 1972. Contains an Introduction written by Clyde Croft, as Driver Training Officer, and dated 27/7/1972; index, reference Index for quick solution of equipment defect, procedures to adopt, Accident Procedure, instructions and details on equipment, an ABC for Tram Drivers and points to remember. 3379.1 - added 31/12/2008, as above, a photocopy bound with black plastic comb binding, A4 size within a green folders. Made by Warren Doubleday early 1980's. 3379.2 - added 5/1/2016 - from donation of Lindsay Rickard via Hawthorn Tram Depot Dec. 2015. Unbound copy - has been imaged to a pdf file.trams, tramways, rules, instructions, by laws, btps, drivers, conductors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Photocopy, Colin Homes from PRO files, construction of the horse tramway vehicles in Ballarat, Dec. 2005
Photocopies of documents from the Public Records Office files, Ballarat of letters concerning the construction of the horse tramway vehicles in Ballarat. Provided by Colin Homes. .1 - dated 1/2/1889 to G. Perry Town Clerk Ballarat, from Constable Hanigan, reporting on a conversation with Mr. Moore, confirmed by Constable Hickey about the capacity of the tramcars and the need for licenses for them and the drivers and conductors. Moore replied that the roads belonged to him? and that he could tell Perry to go to hell. .2 - Letter or note, advising Mr. Perry, from Hanigan as cab inspector, that 15 of the cars would accommodate 40 people, 18 inside, 20 outside + 2 conductors and that two would accommodate 46 adults, 20 inside, 24 on top and 2 conductors. Has notes from Perry and Hanigan on the side. Images of document added 27-08-12.trams, tramways, horse trams, city of ballaarat -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board Rules and Regulations", May. 1957
Book with brown Rexene covers, round corners, sewn down centre with self end papers, 68 pages, excluding end papers. Details the MMTB Rules and Regulations relating to drivers, conductors and employees concerned in any aspect of electric tram and motor omnibus operations. Issued with date 30/5/1957. Numbered on page 1 in black ink stamp "4538". Has a number of pencil, ink and printed amendments glued into the relevant part.trams, tramways, mmtb rules, rules, drivers, conductors, buses -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - Ticket Wallet, Ballarat Tramway Museum (BTM), 1960's
... Parade Ballarat Ballarat goldfields Trams tramways SECV Tickets ...Sheet of leather, approx. 2mm thick, stained brown with four pockets formed on each side with another sheet of leather, stitched with dark brown cotton, on all sides to form pockets to hold eight blocks of tickets. Used by Ballarat or Bendigo Conductors until early 1970's to hold stocks of tickets prior to sale. Collected by Travis Jeffrey at an unknown date. See Reg. Item 2775 for a wallet holding 8 blocks of tickets.trams, tramways, secv, tickets, conductors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - Ticket Wallet with 8 blocks of tickets, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), 1960's
... Ballarat tram tickets set up to represent a typical conductor's set ...Demonstrates the method of dispensing tickets by conductors, how the tickets could be arranged, during the last period of Ballarat Tramways - 1971 fare system. Yields information about the style and printing of tickets used in Ballarat and Bendigo tramways and how they were presented. Has a strong association with Travis Jeffery.Ticket wallet with a set of eight 1970's Ballarat tram tickets set up to represent a typical conductor's set of tickets by Travis Jeffrey. 2775.1 - Sheet of leather, approx. 2mm thick, stained brown with four pockets formed on each side with another sheet of leather, stitched on all sides to form pockets to hold eight blocks of tickets. Stitching is a light cream or white colour cotton. 2775.2 - 4c ticket block - C511306 - C511399 - See Reg. Item 1715 for full details 2775.3 - 7c ticket block - C981113 - C981199 - See Reg. Item 1718 for full details 2775.4 - 5c City section ticket block - A357688 - 357799 - See Reg. Item 1725 for full details 2775.5 - 7c City section ticket block - A148080 - 148199 - See Reg. Item 1726 for full details 2775.6 - 8c ticket block - A896327 - 896399 - See Reg. Item 1719 for full details 2775.7 - 13c ticket block - B486983 - 486999 - See Reg. Item 1721 for full details 2775.8 - 16c ticket block - A572369 - 572399 - See Reg. Item 1723 for full details 2775.9 - 18c ticket block - A369492 - 369599 - See Reg. Item 1724 for full details. trams, tramways, secv, tickets, conductors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Letter/s, Warren Doubleday, Jul. 2004
... Parade Ballarat Ballarat goldfields Trams tramways Rattray ...Copies of correspondence and printed sheets concerning an ESCO employee, William Albert Rattray - Junior Conductor. 1. Letter from Warren Doubleday to Mark Rattray forwarding copy of image of ESCo employees register dated 31/7/2004. 2. E-mail from Warren Doubleday to Mark Rattray dated 27/7/2004. 3. Colour laser copy of photo image of Junior Conductor Register, ESCo Employees Register - left hand side. 4. Colour laser copy of photo image of Junior Conductor Register, ESCo Employees Register - right hand side. Images added 28/11/2016.trams, tramways, rattray, conductors, junior conductors, esco -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - 35mm slide/s, Ben Parle, Apr. 1956
Kodachrome Transparency - 35mm slide - cardboard mount, with one side with red border and words "Kodachrome Transparency" top and bottom. On the other side is "Made in England" and "View from this side". Photo taken by Ben Parle 4/1956. Photo of Ballarat No. 32 at the Sebastopol terminus, with the Royal Mail Hotel in the background. Photo taken with two friends of the photographer and the conductor, before turning the trolley pole. The tram has the destination of Lydiard St. North. Advice from R. Merchant 5/10/04 - Hugh Ballment (left) and Bob Young. See worksheet for email. For high resolution scan see btm2827h.tif "Sebastopol Ballarat" "1/54"tramways, trams, sebastopol, royal mail hotel, tram 32 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Uniform - Cap, Commonwealth Government Clothing Factories Melbourne, 1960's
Demonstrates uniform cap manufacture, badge and has a strong association with a former Ballarat Driver - Jock Menzies.SEC Motorman/Drivers/Conductors cap - green cloth exterior, grey cotton interior lining, brown leather internal hat band, black cotton hat band on exterior with a plastic band at the front half of the cap terminating in two small SEC metal buttons on either side, black plastic peak fitted with cap or badge No. 60, nickel plated silver, in the centre of the cap above the hat band. Sewn on the inside is a label "Commonwealth Government Clothing Factories Melbourne" and stamped "6 3/8". See also Reg. Item 3044 for an ex Geelong cap.tramways, trams, uniforms, cap badge, cap -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - SEC Cash Bag, 1950's
Leather bag with outside bag (for ticket wallet) with metal strips on openable section, fitted with brass catch, two leather pockets on inside and adjustable shoulder strap. Has been fitted with coin dispenser - 8 holes on rear of bag. Sewn heavy brown leather. Photos of bag shown open - yellow pen holding bag open.trams, tramways, cash bag, tickets, fares, conductors bag -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Badge - ESCo Conductor, Stokes & Sons Melbourne, 1905
... over time. Tramways trams ESCo Conductors Badges Uniforms ...Yields information about the identification methods used by the ESCo to identify their crews to public and has a strong association with the individuals who wore them over time.Pressed metal uniform badge for ESCo Conductors. Round pressed steel badge with the words "ESCo OF V. LTD." pressed into the badge around the top portion of the badge, the word "CONDUCTOR" and number "13" pressed into the lower half of the badge -with small horizontal lines within the individual letters. Appears to have had a nickel silver finish originally. On rear badge two metal lugs have been soldered onto the badge. Has words "STOKES & SONS" stamped in reverse on the lower rear of the badge. Badges of this type shown on ESCo uniforms of 1905 and through to the 20's. See Reg. Item 1952 and 5280 for Drivers badge. tramways, trams, esco, conductors, badges, uniforms -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Courier Ballarat, "Fifty years of electric trams in Ballarat", 30/04/1955 12:00:00 AM
Newspaper Clipping from The Courier, Ballarat Sat. 30 April 1955, titled "Fifty years of electric trams in Ballarat". Features photo of the opening of the tramway to Lydiard St. North, Norman St in 1937 and Leo Grant, depot worker, working on the undergear of Ballarat No. 19. Notes the number of staff employed, Mr. L. J. Denmead as Superintendent, 67 motormen or conductors, four inspectors, a senior inspector, 12 track men and 12 depot workers and a number of traffic clerks. Gives a history of electric trams in Ballarat, conversion of horse trams, trams ex Sydney, fares, replacement trams, trailers, conductresses, bogie trams, gold tram, reconditioning of the system. ballarat, sec, esco, reconstruction