The Volunteers Air Observers was formed in 1941 with the aim of observing aircraft flying over Australia. There were over 24,000 civilians volunteering their services and as the military threat to Australia subsided they took on roles as coast and weather watching. This certificate was presented to Miss S. McDonald of Warrnambool.A common item presented to people who contributed to the defence of Australia while in a civilian role.Cream paper with aircraft and Union Jack flags at top with man and woman in between with Royal Australian Air Force insignia below. Pale blue surrounding dark cream columns framing the details on the certificate. One Years service stickers x 2 on bottom For King and Empire. Presented to Miss S McDonald by the Royal Australian Air Force Volunteers air Observers Corps. Signed by G Jones Air Vice Marshal volunteer air observers corps,, miss s mcdonald warrnambool

A small pink card associated with the Royal Canadian Air Force, No. 3 Wireless School. Tuxedo, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The pass card is made out to LAC D. L. Maddrell. (403445) Barrack No. 5averso "Meet me at the "bay" is all you need to say" Personal shopping service.royal canadian air force, world war two, world war 2, d.l. maddrell., wireless school, no. 3 wireless school, winnipeg, manitoba

.1) Folding, wrap around pocket book, blue buckram. Title is embossed in black ink. Booklet contains large amount of information on RAF basic subjects if navigation, liaison signalling, ranks, aircraft markings or worlds air forces, camping, 142 pages. .2) Amendment List No's dated 1933.Centre: “RAF Pocket Book 1932” Top right: “AP 1081”books-military/reference, military history-air force, raf

Red with gold lettering on spinenon-fiction

188 page book, dark blue buckram hard cover with gold print, blue paper cover, dark blue print. Royal Air Force badges on front & back, black & white & colour illustrated throughout. books - military, military history - airforce, raaf

A blue banner edged in gold. top of the banner reads Royal Australian Air Force - No 9 Squadron. In the middle is the Insignai of the Squadron. On both sides of the Insigia are the list of countries. bottom of the banner are two planes and two helicopters.royal australian air force, 9 squadron raaf, banner

Included in the collection of Bill Bakker RNEIAAFBlue and Gold Air Force Association Badge (Bill Bakker)Air Force Associationa23.12

Sad-irons or "solid" irons were made by blacksmiths and used to smooth out material by pressing the hot iron over it. A piece of sheet -iron was placed over the kitchen fire and the irons placed on it could be heated whilst remaining clean of ash.. The women used 2 irons - one heating while the other was used. Thick cloth or gloves protected their hands from the hot irons. The handle was removed from the cool iron and re- attached to remove the hot iron from the fire. The cool iron was replaced on the fire or stove to heat again. These irons were cleaned with steel wool to prevent them marking the material. If the iron was too hot the material would scorch. Most homes set aside one day for ironing and some large households had an ironing room with a special stove designed to heat irons. However, most women had to work with a heavy, hot iron close to the fireplace even in summer. Thomas Fletcher (1840-1903). By 1880s he had a gas appliance manufactory in Thynne Street, Warrington. By 1895 the company had become Fletcher Russell and Co Gas Engineers, his firm having merged with Alexander and William Russell of Pendleton Iron Works. Circa 1950, the firm merged into Radiation Ltd which was later acquired by 'TI New World'; 1902: Fletcher, Russell & Co. Ltd., Palatine Works, Warrington In 1880 gas -fuelled irons were connected by rubber tubing to the gas light-fittings of the house or to gas canisters. However , not many houses had access to a gas supply until much later and this iron was popular in 1920’sThese sad irons remind us of the difficult circumstances experienced in their daily routines by the pioneers and early settlers of Moorabbin Shire The family of Miss M Curtis were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire.A gas-fuelled flat iron, made in USA , It would have been attached to a gas hose fitting that was also used at night for light in the house. There is a small chimney to allow for air and to try to control the amount of heat in the iron. A 'shield' is under the leather covered handle to protect the user's hand from the heat, however it is made of copper metal - a heat conductor.FLETCHER RUSSELL CO. / LIM/ PATENT/ WARRINGTON on right side of handle 'Registered' on left side of handle ' Fletcher Russell Co L / Warrington, Manchester / & London.sad iron, kitchen equipment, fletcher russell co. ltd., england, warrington, manchester, pioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, sewing, craftwork, clothing, moorabbin, brighton, bentleigh, fireplaces, stoves, domestic gas supply, gas-light, gas cannisters