Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1919 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1919 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1919 volume is the thirty seventh annual edition (37 years of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1926 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1926 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1926 volume is the forty fourth annual edition (44 years of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1925 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1925 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1925 volume is the forty third annual edition (43 years of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1918 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1918 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1918 volume is the thirty sixth annual edition (36 years of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1924 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1924 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1924 volume is the forty second annual edition (42 years of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1922 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1922 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1922 volume is the Fortieth annual edition (40 years of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1927 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1927 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1927 volume is the forty fifth annual edition (45 years of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1934 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1934 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1934 volume is the fifty second annual edition (52 years of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1890 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1890 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1890 volume is the 8th annual edition (8th year of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1893 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1893 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1893 volume is the 11th annual edition (11th year of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1892 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1892 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1892 volume is the 10th annual edition (10th year of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1896 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1896 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1896 volume is the 14th annual edition (14th year of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1891 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1891 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1891 volume is the 9th annual edition (9th year of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1894 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1894 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1894 volume is the 12th annual edition (12th year of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1897 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1897 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1897volume is the 15th annual edition (15th year of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

Hard cover book. The Medical Annual and Practitioners Index for 1895 Author: Various Contributors Editor: Dr. Percy Roberts Wilde Publisher: John Wright & Co. Bristol. (Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd. For London) Date: 1895 Further Information: Further Information: Blue cloth hard cover brown spine. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat rubbed and dust-toned as with age. Embossed patterning with lettering to Spine in Gilt, Publishers logo to front cover with Volume title.non-fictionThe 1895 volume is the 13th annual edition (13th year of issue) in the continuous annual series. The Medical Annual and Practitioners’ Index was one of the premier late-Victorian medical reference works. Starting in 1883/1884, the publication served as an essential year-end review digest for medical practitioners across Great Britain and the British colonies. The volume contains reviews of therapeutic progress achieved and new remedies for medical conditions, including detailed summaries of new drugs, synthetic chemicals, serums, and pharmacological advances introduced during 1889–1890. There is also a dictionary of new treatments, as well as summaries of clinical practices and breakthroughs in antiseptic surgery, gynaecology, neurology, and infectious diseases. These were written by leading specialists and practitioners, and include useful reference tables listing new medical publications, official health reports, asylum statistics, instruments, and pharmaceutical suppliers.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the medical annual and practitioners index 1890, book, medical reference books, medical annual

This article by James Lerk provides a historical overview of blacksmithing in Bendigo, focusing on Thomas Pearce's life and contributions: Blacksmiths worked with iron and steel, shaping metal using heat, anvils, and various tools to create both practical and decorative items. The process involved heating metal to a bright cherry red and shaping it on an anvil, which included features like a flat table and a horn for different shaping needs. Thomas Pearce was born in Cornwall in 1850, the son of a blacksmith, and married Mary Sobey in 1871. He also ran the Five Pilchards Inn, according to the Cornish Census. Like many Cornish people in the late 19th century, Pearce migrated for mining opportunities, arriving in Bendigo in 1889. Pearce worked as a blacksmith at various mines in Bendigo upon arrival.In 1898, he became the blacksmith at Fortuna, a prominent estate owned by George Lansell. Pearce is best known for creating the ornate iron entry gates at Fortuna, showcasing his skill and creativity.It is noted that he began crafting the gates without formal drawings, relying on his vision and expertise. Pearce retired from Fortuna in 1923 at age 73.He and his wife celebrated their diamond wedding anniversary in 1931, marking a long and accomplished life.Fortuna Articles - "Ironwork to test the mettle" Sept 25 2009 The Bendigo Weekly Discover Bendigo by James Lerk This item contains the following: 11217.48a Black and white photo of the Fortuna metal gate in Chum Street 11217.48b Black and white photo of Thomas Pearce , blacksmith, in 1931 at the time of his diamond wedding 11217.48c Part of Page 18 - Fortuna Articles - "Ironwork to test the mettle"non-fictionbendigo, fortuna, george lansell, james lerk, thomas pearce blacksmith

The Davey Paxman Experimental Steam Engine was purchased as the result of a bequest from Thomas Bath. The 'substantial sum' was used to build an Engineering Laboratory. The Ballarat School of Mines Council minutes of 08 November 1901 record: - Plans for [the] proposed building were submitted ... and ... it was resolved that a temporary building for an Engineering Laboratory be put up.' This laboratory, as an existing building, is first mentioned in the Ballarat School of Mines President's Annual Report of 1901, presented on 28 February 1902, reporting 'the erection of a building 67ft long by 33 ft wide' This report also lists all the equipment that would be accommodated in the Engineering Laboratory, including the experimental steam engine and boiler. The experimental Davey-Paxman steam engine arrived in Ballarat towards the end of 1902. The Engineering Laboratory was opened on 14 August 1903 by His Excellency Sir Sydenham Clarke. This engineering laboratory remained in use till about 1945. By 1944 preparations were under way at the Ballarat School of Mines to expand existing facilities, to be ready for the influx of returned soldiers. A new Heat Engines laboratory was built, this time of brick construction, replacing the previous corrugated-iron shed. In the early stages the steam engine was used to drive an overhead transmission shaft for machinery in the adjacent workshop. Later the steam engine was moved to a space that became the Heat Thermodynamics Laboratory. At the end of 1969 the engine was relocated to the Thermodynamics Laboratory at the then Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education (BIAE) Mt Helen Campus. It was donated to Sovereign Hill in 2006. According to the research of Rohan Lamb in 2001 around five experimental steam engines were made by Davey Paxman, and three of these had similar configuration to the Ballarat School of Mines Steam Engine, however, each of these was also unique with different valve arrangements. The list, which was on a scrap of paper in a folio held in the Essex Archives, confirmed that one was sent to India. The Ballarat steam engine can be dated to late 1901 to early 1902. Zig Plavina was responsible for moving the steam engine to Mount Helen, and worked on it as a technician for many years. He observed the following: * The condenser is driven by the low pressure engine. * The following arrangements are possible: i) the high pressure engine alone, exhausting to atmosphere. Condenser not used, crankshaft flanges not coupled. ii) crankshafts coupled, mains pressure (120 psi) steam supplied to high pressure engine, partially expanded steam delivered to low pressure engine (Tandem operation). Choice available re exhaust steam: either to the condenser or to atmosphere. iii) crankshafts not coupled, reduced pressure steam supplied to low pressure engine. Exhaust steam - either to the condenser or to atmosphere. * Valve arrangement - a choice of Pickering cut-off or throttle governor. On low pressure engine - throttle governor only.Black and white photograph of the Davey Paxman Experimental Steam Engine. On the brake is returned serviceman Norman WIlliam Ludbrook (Diploma Electrical Engineering, 1952). Far right is Roy E. Mawby (Diploma Electrical Engineering, 1950)steam engine, model steam engine, davey paxman, electrical engineering, laboratory, scientific instrument, norman ludbrook, norman william ludbrook, roay mawby, roy e. mawby

The bearer of this ticket was George Thomas Henry Phillpot, who was only 17 years old when he sailed on the S.S. Ballarat (II), built in 1921. (The first S.S. Ballarat was built in 1911 and sunk after being hit by a torpedo in 1917 while serving during WWI). George relates his trip from England to Australia, summarised as follows: He caught a bus from Bolton to Manchester, in the north west U.K., then the train from Manchester to London and the boat train to Tilbury Docks (near Gravesend). On the morning of June 7th 1929, the ship S.S. Ballarat sailed down the Thames estuary and into the English Channel. The next port of call was Southampton, UK, to take on board some technical equipment. The S.S. Ballarat then sailed through the Bay of Biscay. Instead of taking the customary route around the Cape of Good Hope, this trip, on her maiden voyage, was through the Suez Canal. She sailed through the Straits of Gibraltar, into the Mediterranean Sea and on to Malta, where George and others paid a local boat owner to take them ashore for a short time. They then sailed to Port Said, stopping to load cargo, then at night through the Suez Canal. They woke up early the next morning to watch the locals working on the banks of the canal. The excessive heat on board the ship caused much illness. As they travelled through the Red Sea, the heat and the smell of oil also caused sickness. On they went through the Arabian Sea to Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka (which at that time was called Ceylon). A Navigation Slip, donated together with this ticket, shows the coordinates for a location 16 miles from Colombo. They again went ashore for a meal at four-pence a head and a bottle of lemonade for a penny. George and another passenger walked to the slums area and were shocked at the state of it compared to Britain’s slums. They then sailed via the Indian Ocean to Fremantle, stopping again for goods to be unloaded. While ashore, they played a game of soccer against the ship’s crew. Then on to Port Adelaide via the Great Australian Bight. Here they shopped for suitable clothing under the advice of some Australian passengers. They then arrived at Port of Melbourne on July 20th 1929, and two days later (on George’s mother’s birthday). George left for Warrnambool. He received his Citizenship Award in 1971. He conducted an electrical retail business in Liebig Street for many years. His son William became principal of the accounting business Sinclair and Wilson, on the retirement of Bill Sinclair, and was actively involved in support of many community organisations. His daughter-in-law, Glenys Phillpot, is actively involved in the Warrnambool community and local government. George was one of 3 orphans on the S.S. Ballarat. (The daughter and son-in-law of one of the other orphans also live in Warrnambool.) Herbert B.G. Larkin, whose rubber-stamped name appears on the ticket, later migrated to Australia and passed away in NSW in 1944. Of Historical Significance, this ticket is for the ship’s maiden voyage via the Suez Canal route (previously the ship travelled via the Cape of Good Hope). It is also the only existing ticket for the "S.S. Ballarat"(3rd) in our collection. Socially, it shows the fare, luggage restrictions, conditions and weekly provisions for a third-class passenger’s voyage from London to Melbourne, which has research potential. This ticket is also of significance to the Local Community, giving the background of the ancestor of a local family. It was also of Personal Significance to the bearer as he kept and preserved it in his possession for at least 46 years before donating it to our museum, together with a Navigation Slip, a map and a summary of his journey to Australia.Third Class steerage Passenger’s Contract Ticket, accompanied by the Navigation Slip, for passage on board the P & O line’s steamer, S.S. Ballarat, to Australia via the Cape Service, from Port of London to Port of Melbourne. The ticket contract is printed on both sides of a thin paper page. The documents have been completed by hand, and the pages have creases as though they have been folded. Details include the date of sailing, amount paid, and the signature of the P & O Branch Service’s representative. The contract ticket lists weekly provisions for the voyage, a disclaimer of the shipping company, a list of dangerous goods not to be carried on board, and fines. The page has straight edges, top and bottom, and perforated edges on the sides; some perforation holes are complete. A small fleur de lies is printed along the inside of each perforation, forming a decorative left and right border. Stamps and inscriptions are on the contract ticket and navigation slip, which also has a black and white photo of a steam ship.The ticket has been stamped in black, No. ‘1040’. Handwritten details are in black pen and ink. Date of departure: ‘Seventh June [192]9’ for the cost of,’33’ [poind], and the sum of ‘33’ pounds is acknowledged as received. ‘Mr George T.H. PHILLPOT’, the age is written as ‘17’, equal to the status of ‘1’ adult, the total number of persons is ‘One’. The fare is handwritten in pen £’33’ and the total £’33’. It has a purple stamp ‘HERBT. B G LARKIN’ and a crossed out stamp ‘FREDERICK WHITE, A handwritten signature ‘_Seymore’. Under the signature, the date is stamped ‘3 JUNE 1929’.warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, s.s.ballarat, phillpot, 7 june 1929, george phillpot, george t.h. phillpot, third class passenger, steerage passenger, herbert b g larkin, ticket, voyage, p & o, australia via the cape, cape of good hope, suez canal, passengers’ contract ticket, navigation slip, s.s. ballarat, steamship, 1929, 3-6-1929, 7-6-1929, third-class, steerage, port of london, port of melboune, 33 pounds, george thomas henry phillpot, herbt. b g larkin, _seymore, bolton, manchester, english channel, southampton, bay of biscay, straits of gibraltar, maritia, port said, arabian sea, colombo, sri lanka, ceylon, indian ocean, fremantle, port adelaide, citizenship, 1971, herbert b.g. larkin, s.s. ballarat ii,

The Davey Paxman Experimental Steam Engine was purchased as the result of a bequest from Thomas Bath. The 'substantial sum' was used to build an Engineering Laboratory. The Ballarat School of Mines Council minutes of 08 November 1901 record: - Plans for [the] proposed building were submitted ... and ... it was resolved that a temporary building for an Engineering Laboratory be put up.' This laboratory, as an existing building, is first mentioned in the Ballarat School of Mines President's Annual Report of 1901, presented on 28 February 1902, reporting 'the erection of a building 67ft long by 33 ft wide' This report also lists all the equipment that would be accommodated in the Engineering Laboratory, including the experimental steam engine and boiler. The experimental Davey-Paxman steam engine arrived in Ballarat towards the end of 1902. The Engineering Laboratory was opened on 14 August 1903 by His Excellency Sir Sydenham Clarke. This engineering laboratory remained in use till about 1945. By 1944 preparations were under way at the Ballarat School of Mines to expand existing facilities, to be ready for the influx of returned soldiers. A new Heat Engines laboratory was built, this time of brick construction, replacing the previous corrugated-iron shed. In the early stages the steam engine was used to drive an overhead transmission shaft for machinery in the adjacent workshop. Later the steam engine was moved to a space that became the Heat Thermodynamics Laboratory. At the end of 1969 the engine was relocated to the Thermodynamics Laboratory at the then Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education (BIAE) Mt Helen Campus. It was donated to Sovereign Hill in 2006. According to the research of Rohan Lamb in 2001 around five experimental steam engines were made by Davey Paxman, and three of these had similar configuration to the Ballarat School of Mines Steam Engine, however, each of these was also unique with different valve arrangements. The list, which was on a scrap of paper in a folio held in the Essex Archives, confirmed that one was sent to India. The Ballarat steam engine can be dated to late 1901 to early 1902. Zig Plavina was responsible for moving the steam engine to Mount Helen, and worked on it as a technician for many years. He observed the following: * The condenser is driven by the low pressure engine. * The following arrangements are possible: i) the high pressure engine alone, exhausting to atmosphere. Condenser not used, crankshaft flanges not coupled. ii) crankshafts coupled, mains pressure (120 psi) steam supplied to high pressure engine, partially expanded steam delivered to low pressure engine (Tandem operation). Choice available re exhaust steam: either to the condenser or to atmosphere. iii) crankshafts not coupled, reduced pressure steam supplied to low pressure engine. Exhaust steam - either to the condenser or to atmosphere. * Valve arrangement - a choice of Pickering cut-off or throttle governor. On low pressure engine - throttle governor only.Black and white photograph of the Davey Paxman Experimental Steam Engine installed at the Ballarat School of MInes. steam engine, model steam engine, davey paxman, thomas bath, experimental steam engine

The Davey Paxman Experimental Steam Engine was purchased as the result of a bequest from Thomas Bath. The 'substantial sum' was used to build an Engineering Laboratory. The Ballarat School of Mines Council minutes of 08 November 1901 record: - Plans for [the] proposed building were submitted ... and ... it was resolved that a temporary building for an Engineering Laboratory be put up.' This laboratory, as an existing building, is first mentioned in the Ballarat School of Mines President's Annual Report of 1901, presented on 28 February 1902, reporting 'the erection of a building 67ft long by 33 ft wide' This report also lists all the equipment that would be accommodated in the Engineering Laboratory, including the experimental steam engine and boiler. The experimental Davey-Paxman steam engine arrived in Ballarat towards the end of 1902. The Engineering Laboratory was opened on 14 August 1903 by His Excellency Sir Sydenham Clarke. This engineering laboratory remained in use till about 1945. By 1944 preparations were under way at the Ballarat School of Mines to expand existing facilities, to be ready for the influx of returned soldiers. A new Heat Engines laboratory was built, this time of brick construction, replacing the previous corrugated-iron shed. In the early stages the steam engine was used to drive an overhead transmission shaft for machinery in the adjacent workshop. Later the steam engine was moved to a space that became the Heat Thermodynamics Laboratory. At the end of 1969 the engine was relocated to the Thermodynamics Laboratory at the then Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education (BIAE) Mt Helen Campus. It was donated to Sovereign Hill in 2006. According to the research of Rohan Lamb in 2001 around five experimental steam engines were made by Davey Paxman, and three of these had similar configuration to the Ballarat School of Mines Steam Engine, however, each of these was also unique with different valve arrangements. The list, which was on a scrap of paper in a folio held in the Essex Archives, confirmed that one was sent to India. The Ballarat steam engine can be dated to late 1901 to early 1902. Zig Plavina was responsible for moving the steam engine to Mount Helen, and worked on it as a technician for many years. He observed the following: * The condenser is driven by the low pressure engine. * The following arrangements are possible: i) the high pressure engine alone, exhausting to atmosphere. Condenser not used, crankshaft flanges not coupled. ii) crankshafts coupled, mains pressure (120 psi) steam supplied to high pressure engine, partially expanded steam delivered to low pressure engine (Tandem operation). Choice available re exhaust steam: either to the condenser or to atmosphere. iii) crankshafts not coupled, reduced pressure steam supplied to low pressure engine. Exhaust steam - either to the condenser or to atmosphere. * Valve arrangement - a choice of Pickering cut-off or throttle governor. On low pressure engine - throttle governor only. Black and white photograph of an experimental steam engine which was produced for the Ballarat School of Mines. It was designed for experimental purposes, such as testing of efficiency, etc. The laboratory which housed the steam engine was lit with gas lighting. davey paxman experimental steam engine, model steam engine, davey paxman, steam, thomas bath, thermodynamics

The first five pages are photocopies of photos:- 2 of Rae's Crushing Works; Victoria Quartz on Victoria Hill, Ironbark; Looking North from Old Chum Hill to the Victoria Hill; Victoria Hill - from Rae's Open Cut. Introduction covers location of buildings and mines. Mentioned are:- North Old Chum Mine, Ballerstedt's First Open-cut, Quartz Veins (Spurs), rock formations pitching North, Prospecting shafts 1929, Concrete dam, Engine beds of Lansells Big 180 Mine, Lansells Big 180 Shaft, twenty stampers crushing battery, Lansell's Cleopatra Needle type chimney, Victoria Quartz Mine, Victoria Quartz dams, Rae's Open-cut, Quartz once roasted here to an intense heat, Anticlinal Arch New Chum Line, small primitive tunnels, Prospecting tunnels, Floyd's small 5 head crushing battery, Great Central Victoria (Midway) Shaft, Great Central Victoria engine-bed, Ballerstedt's small 24 yard claim, The Humboldt, Adventure ground, The Advance, Luffsman & Sterry's Claim, A round shaft. Small piece of paper with 'Notes on Victoria Hill complete. Notes prepared by Albert Richardson.document, gold, rae's crushing battery, rae's crushing battery, rae's crushing works, victoria quartz mine, from old chum hill, victoria hill from rae's open cut, ironbark, hercules & energetic, midway, wittscheibe, great central victoria, mr & mrs conroy, central nell gwynne, gold mines hotel, john brown knitwear factory, new chum & victoria, rotary club of bendigo south, north old chum, ballerstedt's first open-cut, lansell's big 180 shaft, cleopatra needle type chimney, a roberts & sons, mr e j dunn, h harkness & sons, eureka extd, new chum railway, pearl, inrush of water at victoria quartz, floyd's small 5 head crushing battery, great central victoria (midway), ballertedt's small 24 yard claim, humboldt, humboldt, great central victoria, victoria hill, bendigo & vicinity 1895 p51, j n macartney 1st edition 1871, bendigo goldfield registry 1871, plan of new chum line, mr rae anderson, annals of bendigo obituary 1904, bendigo advertiser, b m l records mines dept, patterson's goldfields of victoria, dickers mining record 23/11/1861, australian mining standard special edition 1/6/1899 p40, bendigo mines ltd, chinese joss house, fortuna, the victoria goldfield 1851 to 1954, the victoria hill 1854 to 1949

Set of 6 reports, photocopied onto heat sensitive paper from various magazines. Documents match the image numbers. .1 - .2 pages - Electrical Engineer - 15/8/1928 - "Rail Grinding Machine for Melbourne Tramways" - Grinders .2 - 5 pages - Electrical Engineer - 15/6/`1927 - "Workshop of the Melbourne Tramways Board" - includes a layout drawing - See Reg Item 3675 for a reprint of this document. .3 - 1 sheet - Electrical Engineer - 15/9/1927 - "Worm Driver for Electric Tramcars - new type of truck constructed by Melbourne Tramways Board" - fitted to X1 class cars. Has a sketch of the truck. .4 - 8 pages - The Electrical Engineer and Merchandiser - 15/11/1933 - "A Supervisory Control system for Traction Substation - Equipment designed for the MMTB" - written by C. L. Steele. .5 - 8 pages - "Institute of Engineers Australia" - Dec. 1943 - "Prolonging the life of the tramway rail" - by A. H. Blanch. Note some pages have handwritten additions where the copying is out of line. .6 - 1 page - The Electrical Engineer and Merchandiser - 16-10-1950 - "Noiseless bogie for Tramcars" - PCC bogies. - St Louis Car C B-3 Bogie.trams, tramways, mmtb, rail grinding, rail wear, track materials, grinding, preston workshops, worm drive, x1 class, substation, electrical engineering, electrical equipment, tramway per way, bogies, pcc class

Used at the Ballarat School of Mines and the Ballarat Technical Art SchoolThis collection of examinations is significant because of its completeness with the full range of examinations between 1914 and 1950.Large leather bound books, with leather spine, containing all examinations held at the Ballarat School of Mines (including the Ballarat Technical Art School and Ballarat Junior Technical School). The examination papers were supplied and printed by the Education Department, Victoria. Examinations include: Agriculture, Algebra, Architecture, Arithmetic, Applied Mechanics, Assaying, Biology, Botany, Boilermaking, Building Design, Blacksmithing, Bricklaying, Carpentry and Joinery, Coachbuilding, Cabinet Making, Civil Engineering, Cabinet Making, Commercial, Chemistry, Engineering Drawing, Economics, English, Electrical technology, Electricity and Magnetism, Electric Wiring, Electric Welding, Electrical Fitting, Electrical Trades, Food Analysis, Geology, Geological Mapping, Graphics, Geometry, Heat Engines, Heat Treatment, Hydraulics, Hand Railing, Instrument Making, Millinery, Milling and Gearouting, Machine Shop Practice. Metal Founding, Mining, Metallurgy, Mineralogy, Mathematics, Motor Mechanics, Mine Surveying, Mining Mechanics, Petrology, Physics, Painting and Decorating, Pattern Making, Plastering, Plumbing and Gasfitting, Printing, Refrigeration, Spelling, Science , Shorthand, Surveying. Signwriting. Sheet Metalwork, Toolmaking, Ladies Tailoring, Trigonometry, Typewriting, Welding, Commercial Geography. Millinery, Dressmaking, Needlework, Decorative Needlework, Architecture, Building Design and Construction, Art (Composition in Form and Colour), Art (Casting Clay MOdels) Art (Drapery), Art (Drawing the Human Figure From Casts), Art (Drawing the Antique from Memory), Art (Drawing from Memory); Art (Drawing Plant Forms from Nature, Art (Drawing Plant Forms From Memory), Art (Drawing from Models and Objects), (Drawing From a Flat Example). Art (Drawing in Light and Shade from a Cast of Ornament or Lower Nature), Art (Drawing Ornament from the Cast), Art (Drawing from Models or Objects), Art (Drawing fro Dressmakers' and Milliners' Fashions), Art (Drawing With the Brush), Art (Drawing from a Flat Example); Art (Modelled Design), Art (General Design), Art (Embossed Leatherwork), Art (Practical Plane Geometry), Art (Practical Solid Geometry), Art (Geometrical Drawing), Carpentry and Joinery, Art (Human Anatomy), Art (Historic Ornament), Art (House Decoration), Art (LEttering), Signwriting, Art (Light Metalwork), Art (Modelling), Art (Modelling the Human Figure from a Life), Art (Stencilling); Art (Wood Carving) Refrigeration, Teaching, Boilermaking, Blacksmithing, Carpentry and Joinery, Coachbuilding and Carriage Drafting, Electric Wiring, Electrical Fitting, Graining and Marbling, Instrument Making , Machine Shop Practice, Metal Founding, Milling and Gear Cutting, Motor Mechanics, Painting and Decorating, Sheet Metalwork, Toolmaking, Printing, Pattern Making, Plumbing and gasfitting, examinations, ballarat school of mines, ballarat technical art school, trades, education department victoria, agriculture, algebra, architecture, arithmetic, applied mechanics, assaying, biology, botany, boilermaking, building design, blacksmithing, bricklaying, carpentry and joinery, coachbuilding, cabinet making, civil engineering, commercial, chemistry, engineering drawing, economics, english, electrical technology, electricity and magnetism, electric wiring, electric welding, electrical fitting, electrical trades, food analysis, geology, geological mapping, graphics, geometry, heat engines, heat treatment, hydraulics, hand railing, instrument making, millinery, milling and gearouting, machine shop practice, metal founding, mining, metallurgy, mineralogy, mathematics, motor mechanics, mine surveying, mining mechanics, petrology, physics, painting and decorating, pattern making, plastering, plumbing and gasfitting, printing, refrigeration, spelling, science, shorthand, surveying, signwriting, sheet metalwork, toolmaking, ladies tailoring, trigonometry, typewriting, welding., dressmaking, needlework, decorative needlework, architecture, building design and construction, art (composition in form and colour), art (casting clay models), art (drapery), art (drawing the human figure from casts), art (drawing the antique from memory), art (drawing from memory), art (drawing plant forms from nature, art (drawing plant forms from memory), art (drawing from models and objects), (drawing from a flat example), art (drawing in light and shade from a cast of ornament or lower nature), art (drawing ornament from the cast), art (drawing from models or objects), art (drawing for dressmakers' and milliners' fashions), art (drawing with the brush), art (drawing from a flat example), art (modelled design), art (general design), art (embossed leatherwork), art (practical plane geometry), art (practical solid geometry), art (geometrical drawing), art (human anatomy), art (historic ornament), art (house decoration), art (lettering), art (light metalwork), art (modelling), art (modelling the human figure from a life, art (stencilling), art (wood carving), teaching, coachbuilding and carriage drafting, graining and marbling, milling and gear cutting, commercial geography, exams, examination book

The Weekly Times ten part series. Part 6 is missingweekly times

This small barrel looks well used. Unfortunately, the inscription on the barrel is indecipherable so its story is a mystery. However, the bungholes on the side are a clue that it was once used for storing liquid, likely to have been liquor. Barrels have been used over many centuries for transporting and storing a wide range of dry and liquid goods. They are made by tradesmen called coopers, who use heat and steam to bend and shape the wood to suit the work in hand. They add metal reinforcing, handles, spouts and suchlike, to complete they process. Their produce also includes buckets, casks and tubs. Ships transported bulk liquor in their cargo, stored in wooden barrels. The barrels' round shape allowed them to be easily moved by rolling them into place. The body's shape gave the barrels added strength and the iron bands helped the wooden sheaves stay in place. The tops and bottoms allowed for easy grip. The bungholes gave access to government representatives, who would sample the contents, measure the alcohol percentage, and charge the appropriate duty or tax; the process was called Ullaging and the instrument they used was a Hydrometer. Hundreds of barrels of cement were imported into Warrnambool in the late 19th century for the construction of the Warrnambool Breakwater. Barrel-shaped concrete blocks are still visible at shipwreck sites such as on the LOCH ARD wreck, which carried cement among its cargo.This small barrel is representative of 19th century containers used for transportation and storage of liquid such as liquor. It is a historic shape that is still used in modern times.Barrel; wooden barrel, cylindrical shape with metal bands or ribs for reinforcement. The side has two bungholes; one has a bung or stopper. Inscription on top (indecipherable). (indecipherable)flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, barrel, cask, small barrel, trade, coopering, cooper, casket, transport, storage, bunghole

Human beings appear to have been making their own ceramics for at least 26,000 years, subjecting clay and silica to intense heat to fuse and form ceramic materials. The earliest found so far were in southern central Europe and were sculpted figures, not dishes. The earliest known pottery was made by mixing animal products with clay and baked in kilns at up to 800°C. While actual pottery fragments have been found up to 19,000 years old, it was not until about ten thousand years later that regular pottery became common. An early people that spread across much of Europe is named after its use of pottery, the Corded Ware culture. These early Indo-European peoples decorated their pottery by wrapping it with rope, while still wet. When the ceramics were fired, the rope burned off but left a decorative pattern of complex grooves on the surface. The invention of the wheel eventually led to the production of smoother, more even pottery using the wheel-forming technique, like the pottery wheel. Early ceramics were porous, absorbing water easily. It became useful for more items with the discovery of glazing techniques, coating pottery with silicon, bone ash, or other materials that could melt and reform into a glassy surface, making a vessel less pervious to water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeramicThe discovery and development of ceramics in numerous shapes, form and materials, revolutionised the world.Plain cream ceramic bowl with flat bottom inside. Shiny glaze fades to flat texture towards base. Possibly hand thrown pottery. No backstamp. Bad crazing and staining.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, ceramics

Human beings appear to have been making their own ceramics for at least 26,000 years, subjecting clay and silica to intense heat to fuse and form ceramic materials. The earliest found so far were in southern central Europe and were sculpted figures, not dishes. The earliest known pottery was made by mixing animal products with clay and baked in kilns at up to 800°C. While actual pottery fragments have been found up to 19,000 years old, it was not until about ten thousand years later that regular pottery became common. An early people that spread across much of Europe is named after its use of pottery, the Corded Ware culture. These early Indo-European peoples decorated their pottery by wrapping it with rope, while still wet. When the ceramics were fired, the rope burned off but left a decorative pattern of complex grooves on the surface. The invention of the wheel eventually led to the production of smoother, more even pottery using the wheel-forming technique, like the pottery wheel. Early ceramics were porous, absorbing water easily. It became useful for more items with the discovery of glazing techniques, coating pottery with silicon, bone ash, or other materials that could melt and reform into a glassy surface, making a vessel less pervious to water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeramicThe discovery and development of ceramics in numerous shapes, form and materials, revolutionised the world.White ceramic container, glazed with single groove around circumference near lipNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, ceramics

This hot water bottle was designed to lay flat in a bed between the sheets. Its purpose was to warm the bed before use. The bottle was filled with hot water then a stopper was placed in the top to seal it, preventing the water from running out. The inscription on the attached label of this hot water bottle gives both the donor's details and the location of the bottle when it was first displayed at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. the "P.M.O." are the initials for the Port Medical Office. The donor's details are also written in pencil on the base of the bottle. In the 16th-century people warmed their beds with the 'bed warmer', which was a long-handled, metal pan filled with hot coals and embers and covered with a lid. The pan was placed between the bedsheets to warm the bed before the person retired to sleep for the night. In the early 19th-century earthenware bed warmers came began to be used for the same purpose. They would be filled with hot water and sealed then often wrapped in fabric. The ceramic material would hold the heat for quite some time, without being too hot for the person in bed to also warm their feet as they went off to sleep. Hot water bottles were later made from glass, copper, brass or tin. Some manufacturers made them into decorative pieces that still had practical use. In 1903 a patent was taken out for the first rubber hot water bottle, invented by Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, a Croatian engineer. This bottle is of historic significance, as an example of personal heating equipment used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Hot water bottle, earthenware, pale colour with brown glaze on top over the shoulder and mouth section and clear glaze on the remainder of the sides. The cylindrical bottle tapers to a slightly narrower base. One side of the bottle, about a sixth of the circumference, is flat. The base of the bottle has a handwritten inscription. An inscription was on the paper label originally attached to the bottle. Inscription hand written on base of bottle "Mrs K. Rob _ / Browns Rd / Offic / 3 _ _ 9" Inscription on paper label " "Mrs K Robinson Browns Rd Officer 3809 - Hot water bottle P.M.O." flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, domestic item, hot water bottle, heating equipment, ceramic bottle, stoneware bottle, potter, earthenware, personal item, bed warmer, foot warmer, flat-sided hot water bottle, household item, stoneware, clay, ceramic