Showing 2498 items matching "victorian railway"
-
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: VICTORIAN RAILWAYS EXAMINATION PASSES
... Victorian Railways examination passes for 1932 Annual... DOCUMENT Memo railway Victorian Railways examination passes ...Victorian Railways examination passes for 1932 Annual Examinations. Engine working senior showing name, position, location, marks, J Badham- Fireman with 91 marks. Foolscap paper slightly torn.document, memo, railway -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Victorian Railways Football Club (Wednesday League) 1928. Premiers and Champions undefeated 1926-29, 4/5/2021
... Victorian Railways Football Club (Wednesday League) 1928... Railways Football players Victorian Railways Football Club ...Australian Rules FootballVictorian Railways Football Club (Wednesday League) 1928. Premiers and Champions undefeated 1926-29 Football team club photograph B&W print Eighteen players No players names noted.football team photo, victorian railways football players -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Photograph - Fred Rochow Railways Collection - Members at A.F.U.L.E meeting in Wodonga
... the Victorian Railways on 17th June l947 and retired in 1988. For some... many years based in Wodonga. He joined the Victorian Railways ...The Fred Rochow Railways Collection incorporates photos related to the operation of the Wodonga Railway Station including different types of trains and railways staff C. 1930 – 1990. It was donated to the Wodonga Historical Society by Fred Rochow, a railwayman who spent many years based in Wodonga. He joined the Victorian Railways on 17th June l947 and retired in 1988. For some time, he was a member of the Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Enginemen and served a term as a member of the Trades Hall Council. He had an extensive knowledge of the struggles that took place to achieve better conditions for railway workers. Fred worked for many years as a fireman and then worked his way up the ranks to driver, experiencing many changes from the days of steam locomotives through to diesel trains, locomotives and even the modern XPT train. He worked throughout Victoria at different stages of his career, with his final working years focused on the northeast of Victoria and the Albury to Melbourne line. After his retirement, Fred continued to share his love of steam miniature trains with the community The first railway union in the world was created in Melbourne in 1861 when twenty locomotive drivers banded together to form the Locomotive Engine Drivers Association of Victoria. The forerunner to the A.F.U.L.E., the Association continues today and is the oldest continuous railway union in the world.This collection has local and statewide significance as it captures images of trains, locomotives and personnel who operated the railway services in Wodonga and throughout Northeast Victoria. The railways played a critical role in opening up Victoria and connecting Australia for trade, business, social communication and transport.A group members at a branch meeting of the A.F.U.L.E in Wodonga.Left to right: Mick Bergin, Mick Seymour, Mick O’Brien, Les Hallawell, John Wortman, John Hickey, Fred Rochow, Kevin Hammond, Ray Newton, Paul Hines, Peter Murnane, Paul Byrne, Keith Porter, Benny Hill, Mick Mathews, Keith Moore.fred rochow, victorian railways wodonga, railway employees wodonga, railway trade unions, australian federated union of locomotive enginemen -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Photograph - Fred Rochow Railways Collection - Driver Ray Murphy and Fireman Bill Welsh, 1942
... the Victorian Railways on 17th June l947 and retired in 1988. For some... batches by the Victorian Railways from Clyde Engineering... many years based in Wodonga. He joined the Victorian Railways ...The Fred Rochow Railways Collection incorporates photos related to the operation of the Wodonga Railway Station including different types of trains and railways staff C. 1930 – 1990. It was donated to the Wodonga Historical Society by Fred Rochow, a railwayman who spent many years based in Wodonga. He joined the Victorian Railways on 17th June l947 and retired in 1988. For some time, he was a member of the Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Enginemen and served a term as a member of the Trades Hall Council. He had an extensive knowledge of the struggles that took place to achieve better conditions for railway workers. Fred worked for many years as a fireman and then worked his way up the ranks to driver, experiencing many changes from the days of steam locomotives through to diesel trains, locomotives and even the modern XPT train. He worked throughout Victoria at different stages of his career, with his final working years focused on the northeast of Victoria and the Albury to Melbourne line. After his retirement, Fred continued to share his love of steam miniature trains with the community.This collection has local and statewide significance as it captures images of trains, locomotives and personnel who operated the railway services in Wodonga and throughout Northeast Victoria. The railways played a critical role in opening up Victoria and connecting Australia for trade, business, social communication and transport.Driver Ray Murphy and Fireman Bill Welsh in S-class Locomotive cab at Spencer Street Station, Melbourne. S Class Diesel Locomotives The eighteen members of the S Class were ordered in two batches by the Victorian Railways from Clyde Engineering for express passenger and freight workings, with the final eight locomotives ordered specifically to work the North-East standard gauge line. Many were named after prominent Victorians.railways wodonga, fred rochow, wodonga railwaymen, ray murphy, bill welsh -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: VICTORIAN RAILWAYS CERTIFICATE
... Victorian Railways certificate of competency as a telegraph... / VICTORIAN RAILWAYS certificate of competency as a telegraph operator ...Victorian Railways certificate of competency as a telegraph operator. Certifying that James Henry Badham is qualified to perform the duties of Operator in the third class, dated 27.6.1917. Small certificate number 2894, accompanying medium sized memo pinned to certificate, dated 24.4.1933 signed A Ashton - acting chief mechanical engineer. Memo for fireman J Badham commending him on his performance in achieving excellent results in the Victorian Railways Institute course of engineering over the previous three years.document, memo, railway, a ashton - acting chief mechanical engineer / victorian railways certificate of competency as a telegraph operator -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Magazine - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: YOUR RAILWAYS TODAY AND TOMORROW
... Railways. Published September 1961 by the Victorian Railways. 12... trains Australian railways Victorian railways A green and white ...A green and white magazine titled ' Your Railways Today and Tomorrow.' Based on an address at a symposium 'Linking the Horizons' by E. H. Brownbill, Chairman of Commissioners, Victorian Railways. Published September 1961 by the Victorian Railways. 12 pgs. photos. Inserted within the magazine is a brief historical survey on ' How Victoria's Railways began and developed.' Significant dates from 1852 to 1962 from the Public Relations and Betterment Board Railways Administration Offices, Spencer Street, Melbourne, C.1.transport, railways, history, lydia chancellor collection, collection, trains, australian railways, victorian railways -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Container - METAL TRAVELLING TRUNK
... of thetrunk. 1. Victorian Railways. Luggage. EXCESS. Melbourne... end of thetrunk. 1. Victorian Railways. Luggage. EXCESS ...Steel lidded travelling trunk. Lid 6cm deep. Two metal inserts (14 cm x 42 cm) inside the lid. Inside the lid is painted blue and cream. Metal handles on steel plates at either end (12 cm x 6 cm). Two luggage stickers - one on either end of thetrunk. 1. Victorian Railways. Luggage. EXCESS. Melbourne to Sandhurst. 2. Victorian Railways Luggage Ticket. Melbourne to Sandhurst. Owned by Rev. M Clarke.Stamped on top of lid 'No 1' ' REV. M. CLARKE'personal effects, travel goods, metal trunk -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document - Report, Victorian Railways, "Annual Report 1948-49 - Victorian Railways", 1949
... "Annual Report 1948-49 - Victorian Railways". Details... Trams tramways Victorian Railways VR St Kilda Brighton Tramways ...Report - foolscap size, 100 pages, bound with staples along left hand edge and glued into a printed colour cover titled "Annual Report 1948-49 - Victorian Railways". Details the results of the Victorian Railways operations for each station, division, traffic and written information including an investigation by Mr John Elliot of the Southern Region of British Railways into the organisation of Transport in Victoria. Has the results for the two tramways operated by the VR of Appendix 7 (page 55) and the last page of the report.On cover stamped "Australian Electric Traction Association" and hand written Library numbers and notes.trams, tramways, victorian railways, vr, st kilda brighton, tramways, railways -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: VICTORIAN RAILWAYS MAP - NTH BENDIGO JUNCTION SIGNALLING DIAGRAM NO 4'80
... Victorian railways map: Nth Bendigo junction signalling... no 4'80 Victorian railways map: Nth Bendigo junction signalling ...Victorian railways map: Nth Bendigo junction signalling diagram no 480 showing signal and interlocking arrangements. Large paper map, A F chief electrical engineer 9.1.1980. Black ink diagram and writing.document, memo, railway, nth bendigo junction signalling diagram no 4'80 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - RAILWAYS COLLECTION: LETTER AND DETAILS OF GARY YORSTON'S WORK WITH THE VICTORIAN RAILWAYS
... with the Victorian Railways from 1969 to 2011.... with the Victorian Railways from 1969 to 2011. Document RAILWAYS COLLECTION ...Railways collection - Cover letter from Alan Yorston and a small article giving details of Gary Yorston's work in signal boxes, as a Conductor and Annual leave Officer with the Victorian Railways from 1969 to 2011.document -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: MEMORANDUM CHIEF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS OFFICE MELBOURNE 01.10.1927
... Victorian railway memorandum chief mechanical engineers... DOCUMENT Memo railway A E Smith A. E Smith Victorian railway ...Victorian railway memorandum chief mechanical engineers office Melbourne 01.10.1927 Memo - showing the Seniority of Electric Train drivers as at 01.10.1927 from A.E Smith Chief mechanical engineer / Official seal used.A. E Smithdocument, memo, railway, a e smith -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Postcard, Antique postcards of Phillip Island
... , Rose, Robb brothers, Photo shop Series, Victorian Railways... brothers, Photo shop Series, Victorian Railways series, Valentines ...Photos were taken from the Facebook page " Antique Post Cards". Permission was obtained form the administrator to use these.HistoricalA series of old sepia, black & white, coloured postcards, Rose, Robb brothers, Photo shop Series, Victorian Railways series, Valentines, Hislop, Punch, Airspy of Phillip Island and San Remo scenes.speke, genester house, newhaven, lover's walk, cowes baths, summerland beach, san remo pier, cowes beach, aerial photo, cowes 1950s, bridge 1940, san remo, shell tea rooms, ss genista, estelle star, churchill island, isle of wight hotel, lover's walk cowes -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: MAKING TRACKS - MY VICTORIAN RAILWAYS STORY ESSAY
... Making tracks: My Victorian Railways Story, essay submitted... DOCUMENT Memo railway Making tracks - My Victorian Railways Story ...Making tracks: My Victorian Railways Story, essay submitted by Janette Morrison, 68 Barkly St Bendigo. Foolscap paper with Making Tracks logo on top of the page. Publication of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria.document, memo, railway, making tracks - my victorian railways story essay janette morrison making tracks logo - publication of royal historical society of victoria. printed by, printers proprietary ltd., 27 little bourke st., melbourne. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: THE VICTORIAN RAILWAYS INSTITUTE CERTIFICATE
... The Victorian Railways Institute Central Station, Melbourne... EDUCATIONAL CLASSES CERTIFICATE The Victorian Railways Institute ...The Victorian Railways Institute Central Station, Melbourne. Certificate Educational Classes Certificate showing JH Badham's attendance of the class in engine working. Senior for 2 terms during the year 1918 and passed that subject 58%.document, certificate, man being sufficiently educated, the victorian railways institute central station , melbourne certificate educational classes certificate -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Photograph - Fred Rochow Railways Collection - S Class Locomotive, C. 1960s
... the Victorian Railways on 17th June l947 and retired in 1988. For some... batches by the Victorian Railways from Clyde Engineering... many years based in Wodonga. He joined the Victorian Railways ...The Fred Rochow Railways Collection incorporates photos related to the operation of the Wodonga Railway Station including different types of trains and railways staff C. 1930 – 1990. It was donated to the Wodonga Historical Society by Fred Rochow, a railwayman who spent many years based in Wodonga. He joined the Victorian Railways on 17th June l947 and retired in 1988. For some time, he was a member of the Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Enginemen and served a term as a member of the Trades Hall Council. He had an extensive knowledge of the struggles that took place to achieve better conditions for railway workers. Fred worked for many years as a fireman and then worked his way up the ranks to driver, experiencing many changes from the days of steam locomotives through to diesel trains, locomotives and even the modern XPT train. He worked throughout Victoria at different stages of his career, with his final working years focused on the northeast of Victoria and the Albury to Melbourne line. After his retirement, Fred continued to share his love of steam miniature trains with the community.This collection has local and statewide significance as it captures images of trains, locomotives and personnel who operated the railway services in Wodonga and throughout Northeast Victoria. The railways played a critical role in opening up Victoria and connecting Australia for trade, business, social communication and transport.An S Class locomotive pulling a goods train into Wodonga in its last days before being scrapped. S Class Diesel Locomotives The eighteen members of the S Class were ordered in two batches by the Victorian Railways from Clyde Engineering for express passenger and freight workings, with the final eight locomotives ordered specifically to work the North-East standard gauge line. Many were named after prominent Victorians. They were introduced into service about 1957railways wodonga, fred rochow, wodonga railwaymen, s class locomotive -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Document, Railway Freights and Fares - Subtitled: Why a reduction is impracticable
... is impractible", by Harold W. Clapp, Chairman, Victorian Railways... is impractible", by Harold W. Clapp, Chairman, Victorian Railways ...A 12 page cream coloured brochure with blue and red printingThe printed title is followed by, "Why a reduction is impractible", by Harold W. Clapp, Chairman, Victorian Railways Commissioners. Sub-sections include: Less Than Cost,Working Costs Reduced, Million-pound Deficit, Railway Charges, Why Fares Vary, Road Competition, Effects of Competition, Balancing Impracticable, A Vital Consideration. On the back page is printed - "Issued by the Victorian Railways Commissioners July 1931". -
Puffing Billy Railway
Victorian Railways Station Fruit & Rubbish Bin, 1920's
... Historic - Victorian Railways Station Rubbish Bin - used...-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges Historic - Victorian Railways ...Historic - Victorian Railways Station Rubbish Bin - used at the time of Mr Clapp, Chairman of the Victorian Railways Commissioners "Eat More Fruit" campaignHistoric - Victorian Railways Station Rubbish Bin - used at the time of Mr Clapp, Chairman of the Victorian Railways Commissioners "Eat More Fruit" campaignTin lined wooden box with sign writing on two sides.Fruit skins and rubbish must be deposited here (hand sign written on two sides ).victorian railways, rubbish bin, puffing billy railway -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - RAILWAYS COLLECTION: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 25.3.1924
... RAILWAYS COLLECTION -VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE -List... DOCUMENT RAILWAYS COLLECTION -VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE -List ...RAILWAYS COLLECTION -VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE -List of employees 25.3.1924 VICTORIAN RAILWAYS Aged , damaged paper Gazette -front pages is missing. The gazette shows Columns as follows - Departmental number, Name in full (Alphabetically), Position, Date of birth, Date of entry, Salary or rate of pay 1.1.23.document -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Photograph - Fred Rochow Railways Collection - Railway Commissioner Harold Clapp and Mrs. Clapp, 1938
... the Victorian Railways on 17th June l947 and retired in 1988. For some... administrator with the Victorian Railways who over the course of 30... many years based in Wodonga. He joined the Victorian Railways ...The Fred Rochow Railways Collection incorporates photos related to the operation of the Wodonga Railway Station including different types of trains and railways staff C. 1930 – 1990. It was donated to the Wodonga Historical Society by Fred Rochow, a railwayman who spent many years based in Wodonga. He joined the Victorian Railways on 17th June l947 and retired in 1988. For some time, he was a member of the Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Enginemen and served a term as a member of the Trades Hall Council. He had an extensive knowledge of the struggles that took place to achieve better conditions for railway workers. Fred worked for many years as a fireman and then worked his way up the ranks to driver, experiencing many changes from the days of steam locomotives through to diesel trains, locomotives and even the modern XPT train. He worked throughout Victoria at different stages of his career, with his final working years focused on the northeast of Victoria and the Albury to Melbourne line. After his retirement, Fred continued to share his love of steam miniature trains with the community.This collection has local and statewide significance as it captures images of trains, locomotives and personnel who operated the railway services in Wodonga and throughout Northeast Victoria. The railways played a critical role in opening up Victoria and connecting Australia for trade, business, social communication and transport.Railway Commissioner Harold Clapp and Mrs. Clapp ready to leave Albury on the "Spirit of Progress" in 1938. The Driver is George Lynch Snr. and the Fireman is E. Finley. Sir Harold Winthrop Clapp (7 May 1875 – 21 October 1952) was a transport administrator with the Victorian Railways who over the course of 30 years revolutionised the railways in Victoria. Clapp introduced faster services and more powerful locomotives, supported the farming sector and presented a report on standardising rail gauges which then led to a uniform rail gauge across capital cities. His most well-known project was the upgrade of the Sydney Limited service into the all-steel, all-air-conditioned, non-stop, high-speed express streamliner, Spirit of Progress which was launched on 17 November 1937. Clapp became Chairman of Commissioners of Victorian Railways in 1920 and remained Chairman until his retirement in 1951. Harold W Clapp was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1941 in recognition of his contribution to public service.railways wodonga, fred rochow, wodonga railwaymen, s class locomotive -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - B&W print of donated negative, Ron E. Fluck, 7/04/1950 12:00:00 AM
... /1998. Photo of Victorian Railway tram No.34 at the Brighton... negative. Print made 8/1998. Photo of Victorian Railway tram No.34 ...Black and white print of a donated negative. Print made 8/1998. Photo of Victorian Railway tram No.34 at the Brighton Beach terminus. Tram has the destination of "St Kilda Rly Stn". In the overhead can be seen the pan for assisting the driver to put the rear pole onto the wire. Also in the background of the photo is a stone wall of the railway tunnel under the road that served the Brighton Beach Pier. Photo taken 7-4-1950. See Victorian Railways to '62, pages 47 and 49 re railway tunnel.tramways, trams, brighton beach, vr, railway tunnel, tram 34 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Negative, Wal Jack, c1946
... Black and white negative, of Victorian Railways trams 48... Trams tramways Victorian Railways VR Trams Bay Road Sandringham ...Black and white negative, of Victorian Railways trams 48 turnout out of Bay Road Sandringham, after passing the junction to the Sandringham Tram depot. Note the white bumper bars. Photo c1946. (Possibly 12-3-1946 - see Reg Item 5773) In the background is the Roxy Theatre and the spire of the All Souls Anglican Church. (The church spire has since been rebuilt).Also in the background is the Salvation Army Hall, Barker Upholster and two buses. Photo not in the Wal Jack Victorian Railways Album.trams, tramways, victorian railways, vr trams, bay road, sandringham, buses, tram 48 -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Book, Arnall & Jackson, Local Government Act 1928 with index and amendments. Cr E.J. Parker, 1928/30
... between councils and Victorian Railways Commissioners, 1930... addendum - Act between councils and Victorian Railways ...Black book with gold lettering on front (see Inscriptions), 358pp. Local Government Act 1928 and 73 pp addendum - Act between councils and Victorian Railways Commissioners, 1930. +Additional Keywords: Parker, Cr E.J.Local Government Act 1928 with index and amendments -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Document, V/Line and Hillside Trains Public Relations correspondence to Mr J. Rodaughan, Ringwood East, 1985 & 1999 - Lilydale Railway Line History
... Letters from Victorian railway authorities containing..., 1945. Letters from Victorian railway authorities containing ...Letters from Victorian railway authorities containing information and publication extracts forwarded to Mr. J. Rodaughan, 26 Old Lilydale Road, Ringwood East in response to requests for information associated with Lilydale Railway Line history.The line from Hawthorn to Camberwell opened on 3 April, 1882, Camberwell to Lilydale opened on 1 December, 1882. Box Hill, Ringwood and Croydon stations opened on 1 December, 1882. Croydon was originally called Warrandyte station until the name was changed to Croydon on 1 August, 1884. Nunawading was originally called Tunstall and opened on 4 June, 1888. The name was changed to Nunawading on 1 November, 1945. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: VICTORIAN RAILWAYS MEMO
... Victorian Railways memo from Chief Mechanical Engineer re... DOCUMENT Memo railway Victorian Railways memo from Chief Mechanical ...Victorian Railways memo from Chief Mechanical Engineer re Driver J Badham dated 30.5.1946 - J Badham was noted as being competent to relieve in the capacity of Assistant Shed Foreman. Typed on small thin paper.document, memo, railway -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - SWEENEY COLLECTION: MINUTES BOOK (BENDIGONIANS SOCIETY IN MELBOURNE), 1940-1955
... (Meetings at the Victorian Railways Institute with F.C. Sweeney... in Melbourne Society 1940-1955 (Meetings at the Victorian Railways ...Minutes of the Bendigonians in Melbourne Society 1940-1955 (Meetings at the Victorian Railways Institute with F.C. Sweeney as Chairman 1946-1948. A substantial lined minute book - 383 of 574 pages used - with heavy brown purple cover.history, australian, victoria. -
Anglesea and District Historical Society
Lantern, Estimated early 1900's
... burner. Victorian Railways rail train brass lantern signal bull... burner. Victorian Railways rail train brass lantern signal bull ...Rail signal lamp, probably used an oil burner, before electricity was used. This item is missing the glass lens and oil burner. Victorian Railways rail train brass lantern signal bull''s eye lamp.Nonerailway lantern, signalman's lamp -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: THE V.R.I. REVIEW DECEMBER 5,1922
... J.D. Michie, official organ of the Victorian Railways.... Editor J.D. Michie, official organ of the Victorian Railways ...The V.R.I. review November 5, 1922 - vol.12 no. 11. Editor J.D. Michie, official organ of the Victorian Railways Institute. Printed on orange stained paper and stapled. The contents include the institute, photos of Newport Workshops Band.cottage, miners -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: MEMO CARD VICTORIAN RAILWAYS, 20/7/1948
... Memo card - Victorian railways. Addressed to J.H.Badham... DOCUMENT Memo railway Memo card. Victorian railways. J.H.Badham ...Memo card - Victorian railways. Addressed to J.H.Badham, Dr. Bendigo. Dated Melbourne 20/7/1948. Your memo of Night Depot Foreman at Benalla has been duly received at this office. A.C.Ahlston, Chief Mechanical Engineer.document, memo, railway, memo card. victorian railways. j.h.badham. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: MEMO CARD VICTORIAN RAILWAYS, 21/6/1945
... Memo card - Victorian railways. Addressed to J.H. Badham... DOCUMENT Memo railway Memo Card. Victorian Railways. J.H.Badham ...Memo card - Victorian railways. Addressed to J.H. Badham, Bendigo. Dated Melbourne 21/6/1945. Your memo of Night Depot Foreman at Bendigo has been duly received at this office. A.C.Ahlston, Chief Mechanical Engineer.document, memo, railway, memo card. victorian railways. j.h.badham. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: MEMO CARD, VICTORIAN RAILWAYS, 11/10/1939
... Memo card - Victorian railways. Addressed to Act. Dr. J.H.... Memo card - Victorian railways. Addressed to Act. Dr. J.H ...Memo card - Victorian railways. Addressed to Act. Dr. J.H. Badham, Bendigo. Melbourne 11/10/1939. Your memo of Supervisory Officer has been duly received at this office. A.C.Ahlston, Chief Mechanical Engineer. RS29.document, memo, railway, memo card. victoria railways. j.h. badham.