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Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Tissue forceps used by Dr Michael Kloss
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss, who was an obstetrician. Dr Kloss used this item in his own practice, before donating the item to the College. Dr Kloss is the son-in-law of Dr Fritz Duras (1896-1965), a doctor who moved to Australia from Germany in 1937. As his father was Jewish, Duras was forced to leave Germany, and Dr Duras came to Australia to take up a post as director of physical education at Melbourne University.Set of tissue forceps. Made of metal, the forceps resemble long tweezers, with a grip section and a small set of teeth at the end of each arm of the forceps. The proximal end of the forceps is engraved with the word 'Kloss'.'Kloss'obstetrics -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Test tube holder used by Dr Michael Kloss
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss, who was an obstetrician. Dr Kloss used this item in his own practice, before donating the item to the College. Dr Kloss is the son-in-law of Dr Fritz Duras (1896-1965), a doctor who moved to Australia from Germany in 1937. As his father was Jewish, Duras was forced to leave Germany, and Dr Duras came to Australia to take up a post as director of physical education at Melbourne University. Metal test tube holding instrument. Instrument resembles a pair of scissors, but with bowed prongs to allow for the grasping of a test tube between the prongs. The tip of each prong is also ridged for grip. The word 'Nickel' is engraved on the inner aspect of one of the prongs.'Nickel' -
Malmsbury Historical Society
Photograph (Item), B/W Photo Of Dr Davy Outside His Malmsbury Dispensary
People - "Davy, Edward (Dr.)" Buildings - Malmsbury Dispensary Associated with - The Malmsbury Dispensary -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Dr Wansbrough nipple shields, with manufacturer's box
Nipple shields were known from the sixteenth century and have been made from a variety of materials. Stays and corsets of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries resulted in much nipple inversion and were often used day and night. Similar examples to this are held in the University of Melbourne Medical History Unit collection, and by the Dandenong Historical Society.Two moulded lead nipple shields in circular cardboard box. The box is lined with pink paper, and carries a quoted excerpt from Dr Wansbrough on the base. There are printed directions for use inside the box.breast feeding -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Folio, Dr. James Park
Dr. James Park, B. Mangalore 1864. D.Tatura 1938. Medical Practioner in TaturaCollection of Newspaper cuttings, Free Press reporting details of his life and death. These include his playing days with Carlton Football Clubdocuments, biography -
The Royal Children's Hospital Archives
Functional object, Dr Nelson's Improved Inhaler
Ceramic jug designed for inhaling fumes, for medical purposes.DR. NELSON'S IMPROVED INHALER. DIRECTIONS FOR USE: REMOVE MOUTHPIECE, HALF FILL INHALER WITH WATER REPLACE MOUTHPIECE & APPLY LIPS TO IT. BREATHE FREELY IN & OUT AS IN ORDINARY RESPIRATION. -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Painting - Painting - Watercolour, Tatura Camp Australian, 1940
Dr. Leonhard Adam was an internee in Camp 2.RomanticismFramed watercolour painting of Tatura internment camp barracks through doorway.Tatura Camp, Australia, 1940tatura, dunera', internee camps, illustrations, watercolour -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Painting - Painting - Watercolour, Reflections, Jalomitca, Rumanien, 1918, 1918
Dr. Leonhard Adam was an internee Camp 2.Riverbend with the reflections of a large tree in the still blue water. The tree appears to be in autumn colours with smaller trees and bushes along the riverbank. The sky is muted blue and white.Jalomitca, Rumanien, 1918tatura, dunera, internee camps, illustrations, watercolour -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
President's gown worn by Dr Mercia Barnes, RNZCOG President, c.1990
RNZCOG Presidents gown, belonging to the late Dr. Mercia Barnes, President of RNZCOG 1990-1994. Donated by Dr John Doig.President's College gown, RNZCOG. Manufacturers' label, marked "103".college history -
Buninyong & District Historical Society
Photograph - B/W photograph, Dr. Longden's home, Learmonth St. West, Buninyong, July 1993
Dr. Frank Longden was appointed as a newly-graduated doctor to Buninyong in 1888, and served the people of Buninyong and district until his death in 1938. This house was built in 1892 as a wedding present from his bride’s father to his daughter on the occasion of her marriage to Dr. Longden. The surgery was in the front room, and a dispensary was located in the garden.Built by prominent citizen, fine example of substantial doctor's residence and surgery, has been carefully restored.B/W photograph, double-story brick dwelling, bay window on left, verandahs both floors on right, with iron lace. Iron lace fence, brick pillars, trees in front yard.buninyong, dwelling, streetscape, learmonth street, longden -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Video Tape, Tatura Camp 3 Revisited by Dr. Theo Baer
Tatura Camp 3 Revisited by Dr. Theo Baer, former internee from New Guinea. -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Pleasant Creek -- Stawell Hospital -- Dr W H Syme & Mrs W H Syme nee Unknown -- donors of Syme Ward -- Studio Portraits -- 2 Photos
Pleasant Creek. Stawell Hospital Dr. & Mrs. W. H. Syme donors of Syme Ward.stawell hospital medical -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, 2001
Dr Alexander Park was born 1868, third son of Alexander and Jean Mary Park of Nagambie. Studied in Ireland. Practiced first in Tatura, then Bendigo and Pratt St Moonee Ponds. Married Ethel Reilly of Tatura in 1902. Died 1929.Dr Alexander Park c. 1900dr alexander park, photograph, people -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Print - Picture, The Apothecary, late 19th to early-20th century
This framed, coloured picture of The Apothecary shows a chemist at work in a room with scientific equipment nearby. It's inscription confirms that it was once on display in the waiting room of Dr. W.R. Angus, at his rooms in Koroit Street, Warrnambool, Victoria. According to the daughter of Dr Angus the picture most likely originated from the collection of Doctors Edward and Tom (Thomas) Ryan of Nhill, where Dr Angus trained and practiced before moving to Warrnambool in 1969. This picture was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s T.S.S. Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church in that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr L Middleton was House Surgeon to the Nhill Hospital 1926-1933, when he resigned. [Dr Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr Edward saw patients at his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2 bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1884-1902 . He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan work as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. Dr Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10am, 2-4pm, 7-8pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June, 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII1942-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. Picture, coloured print, wooden behind glass. Titled "The Apothecary". Image of robed chemist standing at a desk with scientific equipment such as bottles and flasks nearby. The picture has been reframed and the original inscription has been copied onto the new backing paper. The picture is from the W.R. Angus Collection, and was once displayed in his waiting room..Inscription: "From the waiting room of Dr. Angus, 214 Koroit St, Warrnambool"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the apothecary, dr w r angus, dr ryan, medical equipment, surgical instrument, ophthalmology, t.s.s. largs bay, warrnambool base hospital, nhill base hospital, mira hospital, flying doctor, medical treatment, medical history, apothecary, chemist, waiting room, print, picture -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Urinary catheter used by Dr Michael Kloss
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss in his medical practice. Dr Kloss subsequently donated this collection to the College.Metal uterine catheter. Thin, small, curved instrument in the shape of a narrow tube. There is a circular fitting at one end of the tube, and the tube curves as it reaches a rounded, hollow tip at the other end. A strip of metal topped by a rounded fitting extends from the hollow end of the tube, forming a circular loop.obstetrics -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Clavicle scissors used by Dr Michael Kloss
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss in his medical practice. Dr Kloss subsequently donated this collection to the College.Metal clavicle scissors. Long armed scissors with short blades and a curved point. Inner aspect of each arm (near the join) is engraved with two numbers, but the only clearly legible number is a '2' on one of the arms. One arm of the scissors is engraved with the word 'Kloss'. obstetrics -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Speculum used by Dr Michael Kloss
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss in his medical practice. Dr Kloss subsequently donated this collection to the College.Metal speculum. 'U' shaped metal instrument. Consists of a thin, curved metal body, dipping at the middle and curving towards the edges. One leg of the speculum is longer than the other. One side of the speculum is engraved with the text 'M. KLOSS'.'M.KLOSS'obstetrics -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Speculum used by Dr Michael Kloss, Ramsay
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss in his medical practice. Dr Kloss subsequently donated this collection to the College.Metal speculum. 'U' shaped metal instrument. Consists of a thin, curved metal body, dipping at the middle and curving towards the edges. One leg of the speculum is longer than the other. One side of the speculum is engraved with the text 'RAMSAY'.RAMSAY'obstetrics -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Naegele-style perforator associated with Dr Michael Kloss
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments associated with Dr Michael Kloss and his medical practice. Dr Kloss subsequently donated this collection to the College.Metal perforator. Instrument consists of two straight, pointed blades with screw joint, and a spring loaded insert. Also includes a connecting spring bar at top of handle. Perforator is engraved with the word 'Kloss'. Inner aspect of perforator is engraved with a three digit number , '21...'. The third number is illegible.'Kloss'obstetrics -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Sponge holder used by Dr Michael Kloss
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss in his medical practice. Dr Kloss subsequently donated this collection to the College.Metal sponge holder. Instrument resembles a long pair of scissors, with thin arms and a ratchet adjacent to the handles to lock instrument into place. Each arm ends in a hollow, circular loop.obstetrics -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Sponge holder used by Dr Michael Kloss
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss in his medical practice. Dr Kloss subsequently donated this collection to the College.Metal sponge holder. Instrument resembles a long pair of scissors, with thin arms and a ratchet adjacent to the handles to lock instrument into place. Each arm ends in a hollow, circular loop.obstetrics -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Curette used by Dr Michael Kloss
This instrument was part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss in his medical practice. Dr Kloss subsequently donated this collection to the College.Metal curette. Instrument consists of a metal shaft with a slightly curved, teardrop shaped scraping loop at the distal end. The handle at the proximal end is in the shape of an elongated teardrop, hollowed out at centre. The word 'Kloss' and the number '3' are engraved on the instrument.'Kloss' '3'obstetrics -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Dr. Park Memorial Clock Tower
Hogan Street c.1950, with Dr. Park Memorial Clock Tower & other buildings (2 copies) -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Tool - Towel clips used by Dr Michael Kloss
These items were part of a collection of instruments used by Dr Michael Kloss in his medical practice. Dr Kloss subsequently donated this collection to the College.Two small metal towel clips. The clips resemble small sets of scissors, with a ratchet adjacent to the handle to lock them at particular apertures. The end of each arm of the scissors bends upwards 90 degrees, then towards the centre of the clip at another 90 degree angle. Each arms tapers to a sharp point, with the ends of the points facing and adjacent to each other. Both clips are engraved with the word 'Kloss'. Inner aspect of each clip is engraved with the word 'GERMANY'.'Kloss' 'GERMANY'obstetrics -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, Dr. Jill Tabart, 1984
Dr. Jill Tabart was the first woman Moderator of the UCA in Tasmania. She has also been President of the UCA.(1) Colour photo of Tabart talking to Edna Turner and, possibly, Gordon Powell at Pilgrim Church, Launceston (?); (2)-(5) portrait photos of Tabart, head & shoulders; (6)-(7) Tabart at a lecturn.Identification of Tabart as Moderator of Tasmania 1984; C&N 21/10/84.tabart, jill -
City of Ballarat Libraries
Photograph, Dr Longden's Residence 1938
Dr Longden's Residence at 5 Errard Street North. During World War 2, it was used as Army Nurses accommodation.errard street, ballarat, longden, nurses, world war 2 -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Pleasant Creek -- Stawell Hospital -- Grave of Dr W H Syme -- Surgeon of Pleasant Creek Hospital
Pleasant Creek. Stawell Hospital Photo of Grave of Dr. & Mrs. W. H. Syme Surgeon of Pleasant Creek Hospitalstawell hospital medical -
Vision Australia
Document - Text, A Philosophy for Confident Mobility by Dr Hoover
Article by Dr Hoover on mobility aids and how more observational studies - rather than prescribed ones - should be developed.7 typed pages that have been removed from a bookrichard hoover, orientation and mobility -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Mixed media - Video, RDHS Guest Speaker Presentation - "Local Pre-European Culture in the Ringwood Area" - Dr Gary Presland
Digitised video (6.64GB). Duration: 82 minutes. Recorded September, 2017 (Video is available for viewing at Ringwood & District Historical Society Archives by appointment)Presenter: Dr Gary Presland is a long-standing member of the Archaeological and Anthropological Society of Victoria, as well as a number of local historical societies, including Box Hill where he serves as President. -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Equipment - Horsehair suture in glass vial associated with Dr Bill Vorath
Dr Tony Krins found this vial in a desk drawer when purchasing the Surrey Hills practice of Dr Bill Vorath in 1980. Horsehair was, and still is, a popular material for sutures. Horse hair suture contained in a glass vial. Label inside vial reads "Merson's Sterilised Surgical Suture (Horsehair) T.S.(M) 4. Batch EB 2978'.surgery