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The Ed Muirhead Physics Museum
Meldometer, Joly
The Joly meldometer was created to determine the melting point of minerals. W.E. Wilson, an astronomer and author, stated in 1900 that the Joly meldometer consisted of a ‘a strip of platinum on which minute fragments of any mineral can be placed, while any alteration in its length can be determined by means of a micrometer screw which touches a lever connected with one end of the strip. The strip can be heated by an electric current, and is calibrated by observing the micrometer readings corresponding to the temperatures at which some substances of known melting-points melt’i . One reason why the Joly meldometer was seen as a successful addition to science was the small amount of any substance that it required for testing. Only a minute sample was needed for the instrument to work and so a tiny part could be taken from a delicate item without destroying itii . The instrument was originally manufactured by the Irish company Yeates & Son of Dublin. The Yeates family business was established in the early 1790’s and is thought to have operated until approximately 1922iii . Their business slogan was recorded as ‘Instrument makers to the University’, a slogan which proudly exhibited their relationship with Trinity College, Dublin. The company was located directly opposite Trinity College, the place where the Joly meldometer was created. Working in such close proximity must have assisted this business relationship. The inventor of this meldometer was Irishman John Joly. Joly was born in 1857 at the Church of Ireland Rectory, Hollywood House. His education led him to Trinity College Dublin where, by 1891, he had obtained a Bachelor of Engineering degree as well as a Doctorate of Science. The entirety of his working life appears to have taken place at Trinity College although he is known to have travelled in order to consult with other scientists such as the world renowned Sir Ernest Rutherford. The Joly meldometer was used for a variety of different purposes, with scientists often adapting the instrument to suit their own needs. For instance, the previously mentioned astronomer W.E. Wilson adapted the meldometer to assist him in measuring the radiation of the suniv . Joly used his device in an attempt to ascertain the age of the earth. In 1913, along with Sir Rutherford, Joly came to the conclusion that the earth was approximately 400 million years old. They did this by analysing the decay of radioactivity in minerals. According to our present knowledge of the earth this was a much more accurate date than the dates Joly had previously derived. He had first thought that the earth was 97 million years old due to the volume of sodium in the oceans. Joly’s second analysis of the topic had resulted in the age of 80 million years. This figure was based on the accumulation of sediment. Apart from designing his meldometer, Joly is also remembered for his work with colour photography. In 1894 Joly discovered a method for creating colour photographs from a single platev . He also studied the use of radiation as a treatment for cancer and persuaded the Royal Dublin Society to establish the Radium Institute to assist hospitals. In 1933 Joly passed away at the age of seventy-six. -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Legal record - Contract, South Suburban Gas Company Limited, gas supply to Port Melbourne, 22 Jan 1886
... Gas Company Limited Legal record Contract, South Suburban Gas ...Contract of supply of gas to Port Melbourne 1886 - South Suburban Gas Company LimitedBlind embossed company sealutilities - gas, local government - borough of port melbourne, south suburban gas company ltd, a d michie -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Legal record - Contract, City of Melbourne Gas & Coke Company for lighting street lamps in Sandridge, 2 Jun 1870
Contract from the City of Melbourne Gas & Coke Company for lighting street lamps in Sandridge 1870utilities - gas, city of melbourne gas & coke company -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Legal record - Contract, City of Melbourne Gas & Coke Company for lighting street lamps in Sandridge, 14 Mar 1865
Contract from the City of Melbourne Gas & Coke Company for lighting street lamps in Sandridge 1865utilities - gas, city of melbourne gas & coke company -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Legal record - Contract, City of Melbourne Gas & Coke Company for lighting street lamps in Sandridge, 24 Jun 1879
... record Contract, City of Melbourne Gas & Coke Company ...Contract from the City of Melbourne Gas & Coke Company for lighting street lamps in Sandridge 1879. Attached to contract is correspondence from Gas Company to Council 1886, from Council to Gas Company 1885utilities - gas, city of melbourne gas & coke company -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Legal record - Contract - South Melbourne Gas Company, Street Lighting, Sandridge, 8 May 1873
Contract from the South Melbourne Gas Company for lighting street lamps in Sandridge 1873.utilities - gas, south melbourne gas & coke company -
Coal Creek Community Park & Museum
Phonograph Record, The Touch of Your Hand / I've Told Every Little Star
Phonograph record, black shellac, no cover, pink "His Master's Voice" label. Side A: The Touch of Your Hand & Various Other Songs. Side B: I've Told Every Little Star & Various Other Songs. Performed by the Light Orchestra Company - Leonard Joy.Cat. No. E B 131 -
Coal Creek Community Park & Museum
Phonograph Record, Smilin' Through, Sorter Miss You
Black shellac phonograph record with a turquoise Gennett label. A side: Smilin' Through. B side: Sorter Miss You. Artist: Henry Moeller, tenor.Reference number 10062-A The Star Piano Company Richmond. INC. -
Coal Creek Community Park & Museum
Phonograph Record, Gems from Rose Marie / Queen of Sheba - Cortege
Phonograph record, green and gold Zonophone label and cover. Side A: Gems from "Rose Marie", Side B: Queen of Sheba - Cortege. Artists: Light Opera Company, Victor Symphony Orchestra Serial E.F.2 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - HANRO COLLECTION: FINANCIAL RECORDS 1926-1933
Nineteen Hanro Australia Financial Statements and Annual Reports 1926-1933. (Insert Attached List). Contained in light weight pale blue card folders. Some stapled and some loose sheets. Hanro Knitting Mills Pty Ltd (Aust) a). Financial Statements 30th June, 1926 b). First Annual Report 30th November, 1926 c). Financial Statements 30th June, 1927 d). Second Annual Report 30th November, 1927 e). Third Annual Report 25th October, 1928 f). Financial Statements 29th February, 1928 g). Financial Statements 30th June, 1928 h). Financial Statements 30th June, 1928 i). 4th Annual Report 30th October, 1929 j). 30th June 1930. 1 k). 30th June 1930. 2 l). Director's Report 30th June, 1930 m). Financial Statements 31st July, 1931 n). Sixth Director's Report 22nd October, 1931 o). Seventh Annual Report 31st July, 1932 p). Balance Sheet and Financial Statements 31st July, 1932 q). Balance Sheet and Financial Statements 31st July, 1933 r). First Annual report (after Company name changed) 13th November, 1933.Includes, H. Longstaff, Charles Handschin, Geo Lansell.business, retail, hanro financial records -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Administrative record - South New Chum Syncline Gold Mines N.L. Minute Book, 1932 - 1940
South New Chum Syncline South New Chum Syncline Gold Mines, N.L., has been floated with a capital of £27,500 in 55,000 shares of 10/ each. Forty thousand have been issued at 1/,10,000 fully paid shares go to vendors, and 5000 will be held in reserve. - Messrs. Savage and Nicholas report that the issue was heavily over-subscribed. The property is situated in the central portion of the Bendigo field, adjoining such former producers as the Victoria Quartz. Lansell’s Big 180, North Old Chum and New Chum. (Bendigo Advertiser, 29th September 1932).Green hard cover book, maroon binding on spine, 284 pages of which 94 are used. 'Minute Book' on front cover. Written in pencil across top of name ' South New Chum Syncline'. Inside front cover affixed to page, document 'Registrar-General re Notice of Office and of Manager, filed 23.10.32 in connection with South New Chum Syncline Gold Mines N.L. Minutes in book date from 5th October 1932 to 23rd August 1935. First minutes of meeting describes the Company as having 55,000 shares of ten shillings each. Final two pages have documents affixed that relate to the closure and sell-off of the free-hold property and mine equipment in 'Happy Valley Road, Bendigo for the sum of not less than Two Hundred and fifty pounds and that out of the proceeds thereof the following amounts be paid', An amount of 120 pounds, thirteen shillings and two pence are listed. Minute Book is part of the Margaret Roberts Collection. 'Bendigo Tailings Company, No Liability, Invoice Book" on front coverbendigo, gold mining, south new chum syncline gold mine, j.j. stanistreet, legal manager, margaret roberts collection, -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - Myer advertising 1995
Social history of Myer business operations and records.Myer's advertising Flyer for the Bendigo Cup 1995. Broadsheet four-page B&W paper flyer detailing company history, sales and "new look' to the Bendigo Store. Flyer produced as a wraparound to the Bendigo Advertiser issue. Undated.myer, advertising, bendigo advertiser -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: RECORD OF LEASES, CALLS & DIVIDENDS FOR BENDIGO MINES
hinged leather cover (Kalamazoo Loose Leaf Books) containing paper pages listing keases, calls & dividendsfor mines managed by McColl Rankin & Stanistreet in Bendigo and elsewhere Loose leaf call for funds foe Central Deborah Gold Minimg Company, 14 October 1953, at sixpence per shareMcColl Rankin & Stanistreet -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA HILL - WITTSCHIEBE & CO'S CLAIM
Two copies ( a & b) of handwritten notes on Victoria Hill - Wittschiebe & Co's Claim. Notes mention names of owners: Messrs A Wittschiebe and two sons, A Sagasser, F Meison, A Urban, A Koch, C Killian and A Rudolf. Also mentioned are Area and title, workings, eight shafts were sunk, reef and yield, cost of works, contracts and remarks. Ref. Kickers Mining Record 23/11/1861 Page 11.document, gold, victoria hill, victoria hill, wittschiebe & co's claim, dickers mining record 23/11/1861, a wittschiebe, a sagasser, f meison, a urban, a koch, c killian, a rudolf, no 2 midway company, specimen hill company -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - NEW CHUM & VICTORIA LINES OF REEF - VICTORIA REEF GOLD MINES COMPANY
Photocopied handwritten notes about the Victoria Reef Gold Mines Company. Extracts from Dickers M. Record Vol. 1 23/11/1861 Ps 2 &3. Extracts include Capital, Shares, Names of Directors and Manager, Workings, Main shaft size and depth, Cost of work and labour, Drainage, Pumping Plant and Engine House.document, gold, new chum & victoria lines of reef, new chum & victoria lines of reef, victoria reef gold mines company, ballerstedt & co l l, dickers m record vol 1 no 1 23/11/1861 ps 2 & 3, edward cook esq, thomas burrows, henry jackson, alexander rose, david chaplin sterry, theodore ballerstedt, h b nicholas, cost of work & labour, canal basin foundry glasgow -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: RED WHITE AND BLUE EXTENDED GM CO NL RECORDS
Documents: Records Red, White and Blue Extended G.M. Co. NL - loose leaf attached in Manilla folder (beige) Companies Act 1938 Rules & Regulations of Red White and Blue Extended GM Co N\L (2 copies) inserted in each folder. Rules and Regulations stapled into folder.MCCOLL RANKIN & STANISTREETorganization, business, gold mining rules and regulations, mccoll rankin & stanistreet -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - LEN BENNETTS COLLECTION: INTERVIEW TRANSRIPT, 1996
INTERVIEW: Five typed pages of an interview with Mr Leonard Charles Bennetts on Monday 22nd of July 1996. Mentioned are his time as a child, his work, life in the Army, his employment after the Army, changes in Bendigo in his time, and a little about family. Interview recorded by Isobel GillIsobel Gillperson, individual, leonard bennetts, mr leonard bennetts, isabel e gill, foggitt's factory, mckenzie street methodist sunday school & church, violet street state school, raes hill school, bendigo high school, mr wickings, allan's walk, abbott's boot shop, matchett's, crofts, gwen norris, jean norris, john bennetts, peter bennetts, army survey corp, 3rd tank transporter company, 2/16th (australian general transport company) a g t, gordon norris, sylva evans, reg ford, hams, jack thomas, sidy waight, shamrock hotel, s e c, post office, dudley house, alexander fountain, the temperance hall, sandhurst trustee building, fire station, the hospital, anne caudle centre -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Map - MAP PORTION OF BENDIGO GOLDFIELD, Circa 1912
... . Showing statistical records of all the Companies on these lines... TOPIC Mining companies Bendigo Goldfield Sheepshead Deborah ...Map: Portion of Bendigo Goldfield showing Sheepshead, Deborah, Garden Gully, Paddy's Gully and Derby lines of reef. Showing statistical records of all the Companies on these lines. Issued by Wood and McNair, Sharebrokers, Bendigo and Eaglehawk. The map illustrates the main lines of reef as they appeared with mines and details of their calls and dividends as well as gold produced. Drawn by mining surveyor and geologist William Henry Cundy, who trained and worked for the Tasmanian Mines Department until 1893, when he moved and settled in Bendigo. Cundy was responsible for the surveying of the southern end of the field of Diamond Hill and beyond.topic, mining, companies, bendigo goldfield, sheepshead , deborah, garden gully, paddy's gully derby, wood and mcnair -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: DEBORAH UNITED GOLD MINING CO. NL - CORRESP. RE SHARES, 1957 - 1967
... Records' Contains dissolution of company 14.4.1959, letter re... Records' Contains dissolution of company 14.4.1959, letter re ...document: McColl, Rankin & Stanistreet: Deborah United Gold Mining Co. NL. Green folder containing correspondence. On front of folder ' New Moon 6 August Full Moon 21. 'Deb. United Records' Contains dissolution of company 14.4.1959, letter re voluntary liquidation 27 Nov. 1958, Directors report 31 August 1958 and 18th. October 1957. List of shareholders 31st August 1957 Shares.organization, business, deborah united gold mine nl, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet: deborah united gold mining co. nl, gold mining, shares, shareholders -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - DICKER'S MINING RECORD & GUIDE TO THE GOLD MINES OF VICTORIA, 1863
Dicker's Mining Record and Guide to the Gold Mines of Victoria; showing the bearings, depths, thicknesses and underlies pf the Auriferous Lodes. The progress and cost of works in operation; containing also a variety of valuable interesting and statistical information. Vol. 11 - 1862 - 3. Published by the proprietor, Thomas Dicker with 276 pages. Green hardcover bound in leather with gold lettering and paper.Thomas Dickergold mining, mining equipment, mining records, mining, gold mines, mining statistics, mining companies. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: CENTRAL NELL GWYNNE, 17/2/1950
Document. Exercise book - blue lined pages Battery & Mine. Records of Stock of Central Nell Gwynne Gold Mining Company. Dated 17/2/1950.McColl, Rankin & Stanistreetorganization, business, central nell gwynne, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, central nell gwynne, gold mining, records of stock -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Berkley Calibre, Beyond band of brothers : the war memoirs of Major Dick Winters, 2006
In war, great commanders lead soldiers into hell to do the impossible. They were called Easy Company--but their mission was never easy. Immortalized as the Band of Brothers, they suffered 150 percent casualties while liberating Europe, an unparalleled record of bravery under fire. Dick Winters was their commander, "the best combat leader in World War II" to his men. This is his story, told in his own words for the first time. On D-Day, Dick Winters parachuted into France and assumed leadership of the Band of Brothers when their commander was killed. He led them through the Battle of the Bulge, the attack on Foy--where Easy Company reached its breaking point--and into Germany, by which time each member had been wounded. Neither a protest against war nor a glamorization of combat, this is a moving tribute to the human spirit by a man who earned the love and respect of the men of Easy Company and the adulation of new generations worldwide.Index, ill, p.292.non-fictionIn war, great commanders lead soldiers into hell to do the impossible. They were called Easy Company--but their mission was never easy. Immortalized as the Band of Brothers, they suffered 150 percent casualties while liberating Europe, an unparalleled record of bravery under fire. Dick Winters was their commander, "the best combat leader in World War II" to his men. This is his story, told in his own words for the first time. On D-Day, Dick Winters parachuted into France and assumed leadership of the Band of Brothers when their commander was killed. He led them through the Battle of the Bulge, the attack on Foy--where Easy Company reached its breaking point--and into Germany, by which time each member had been wounded. Neither a protest against war nor a glamorization of combat, this is a moving tribute to the human spirit by a man who earned the love and respect of the men of Easy Company and the adulation of new generations worldwide. world war 1939 – 1945 – personal narratives – united states, united states army - history -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, The Text Publishing Company, The Pacific, 2010
Historian Hugh Ambrose deepens the experience of the HBO miniseries The Pacific, produced by Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks and broadcast on the Seven Network. These are the true stories of the men who put their lives on the line for their country, who were dispatched to the other side of the world to fight an enemy who preferred suicide to surrender; men who suffered hardship and humiliation in POW camps; men who witnessed casualties among soldier and civilian alike; and men whose medals came at a shocking price. Covering nearly four years of combat, with unprecedented access to military records, letters, journals, memoirs, photographs and interviews, this volume offers a unique historical perspective on the war against Japan-and ultimately the triumphant yet uneasy return home.Ill, map, p.449.non-fictionHistorian Hugh Ambrose deepens the experience of the HBO miniseries The Pacific, produced by Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks and broadcast on the Seven Network. These are the true stories of the men who put their lives on the line for their country, who were dispatched to the other side of the world to fight an enemy who preferred suicide to surrender; men who suffered hardship and humiliation in POW camps; men who witnessed casualties among soldier and civilian alike; and men whose medals came at a shocking price. Covering nearly four years of combat, with unprecedented access to military records, letters, journals, memoirs, photographs and interviews, this volume offers a unique historical perspective on the war against Japan-and ultimately the triumphant yet uneasy return home. world war 1939-1945 - campaigns - pacific area, world war 1939 – 1945 – personal narratives – united states -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: NEW DON NO LIABILITY MINUTE BOOK
a, Minute book, 282 pages, green cover, red spine. 'Minute book' written on label on front with New Don N.L. handwritten on label. Record of meetings held between 5th December 1932 to 9 November, 1948, handwritten and later typed. Stuck to front page notice from Registrar-General's Office, dated 25th August, 1933, Notices of Manager and Office, filed 24/8/1933. b. Inside front cover, 8 page typed record of minute book entries, by Phyllis Toy, 2015, BHS member.business, mining, new don no liability mine, j.a. michelsen chairman of directors, j. trevena mine manager, jorgensen & sons, de gruchy company solicitor -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Book, Laurent, Rob, With ANZACS In Vietnam: A Photographic Record of 6RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion 1969-1970 (includes a CD on the inside cover(Copy 3)
Three of he Australian Infantry Battalions that served in Vietman were ANZAC units, incorporating companies of the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment. This book tells the story of one suct unit: 6RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion.Three of he Australian Infantry Battalions that served in Vietman were ANZAC units, incorporating companies of the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment. This book tells the story of one suct unit: 6RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion. australian, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - participation, new zealand, 6rar/nz, royal new zealand infantry regiment, anzac -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Administrative record - Company Roll Book, Australian Army: CMF Company roll book (1st Field Hospital) 1981-1982, 1981
... Administrative record Company Roll Book Australian Army ...A faded blue covered book with 70 lined pages and a darker blue bindingaustralia - armed forces - service manuals, 1st australian field hospital -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Book, Laurent, Rob, With ANZACS in Vietnam: A photographic Record of 6RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion 1969-1970 (Copy 2)
Three of the Australian Infantry batallions that served in Vietnam were ANZAC units, incorporating companies of the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment.Three of the Australian Infantry batallions that served in Vietnam were ANZAC units, incorporating companies of the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment. 1961-1975 - participation, australian, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - participation, new zealand, royal new zealand infactry regiment -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Book, Laurent, Rob, With ANZACS in Vietnam: A Photographic Record of 6RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion 1969-1970 - Includes DVD Video and song "The Green Soldier" (Copy 1)
Three of he Australian Infantry Battalions that served in Vietman were ANZAC units, incorporating companies of the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment. This book tells the story of one suct unit: 6RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion.Three of he Australian Infantry Battalions that served in Vietman were ANZAC units, incorporating companies of the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment. This book tells the story of one suct unit: 6RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion. australian, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - participation, new zealand, royal new zealand infantry regiment, anzac, 6rar/nz -
Puffing Billy Railway
New Record Saw Bench, circa 1930's
Saw Bench - New Record Saw Bench Timber framed with steel wheels, belt driven saw blade powered by a Rosbery internal combustion engine. The Rosebery Engine No C28437 R.P.M 800 H.P. 6 Manufactured By Westinghouse Rosebery Pty.Ltd. Sydney Rosebery Engine Works Ltd began as the engine and pump manufacturing division of Buzacott & Company, and in 1923 became an incorporated company. In 1935, Westinghouse gave Rosebery Engine Works the right to manufacture and sell nearly all Westinghouse products. The name of the company then changed to Westinghouse Rosebery Ltd From the late nineteenth century, petrol engines gradually supplanted steam engines for running a wide range of machines, and in turn petrol engines were largely supplanted by electric motors. The Champion was a successful small petrol engine made by the large Sydney company, Westinghouse Rosebery, based on the American-designed Fuller and Johnson engine. With hopper cooling and a fuel tank between the skids, and weighing only 240 pounds (109 kg), it was easy to mount on wheeled transport, making the Champion a self-contained mobile source of power. Engines of this type were used in rural areas for driving chaff cutters, small saw benches, pumps and orchard sprayers. These engines were also commonly used in both rural and urban areas for powering concrete mixers. Both Westinghouse Rosebery in NSW and Toowoomba Foundry in Queensland made these engines in large quantities, beginning in the 1920s when tariff protection made local manufacturing viable. The production of small petrol engines continued in Australia until the 1970s, when reduced tariff protection led to increased competition from cheaper imported engines. Historic - Industrial Timber working - belt driven saw blade powered by a Rosbery internal combustion engine. Timber framed with steel wheels, belt driven saw blade powered by a Rosbery internal combustion engine. The Rosebery Engine No c28437 R.P.M 800 H.P. 6 Manufactured By Westinghouse Rosebery Pty.ltd. Sydneysaw bench, puffing billy, new record, internal combustioin, westinghouse rosebery pty.ltd., rosebery pty, internal combustion engine. -
Puffing Billy Railway
Double Headed Rail, circa 1872 - 1883
Double Headed Rail from Ravenswood Station Siding which was dismantled circa 1987 the two rails were stored for a time at Maldon before being donated to Puffing Billy Museum Bearing makers marks of Wilson & Cammell - Dronfield- Steel works Wilson & Cammell made Steel rails at their Dronfield Steel Works, in Dronfield, North East Derbyshire, England from 1872 - 1883 Double-headed rail In late 1830s Britain, railway lines had a vast range of different patterns. One of the earliest lines to use double-headed rail was the London and Birmingham Railway, which had offered a prize for the best design. This rail was supported by chairs and the head and foot of the rail had the same profile. The supposed advantage was that, when the head became worn, the rail could be turned over and re-used. In practice, this form of recycling was not very successful as the chair caused dents in the lower surface, and double-headed rail evolved into bullhead rail in which the head was more substantial than the foot. Info from Wikipedia - Rail Profile https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_profile The first records of double headed rail being used In Victoria by Victorian Railways was in 1859, the rails, chairs, oak and trenails were imported from UK. After the 1870’s the Victorian Railways went over to using flat bottom rails, but they still needed replacement double headed rail for lines already laid and this continued up to at least 1883 Wilson & Cammell - Dronfield- Steel works Wilson & Cammell made Steel rails at their Dronfield Steel Works, in Dronfield England from 1872 - 1883 Mount Alexander & Murray River Railway The Melbourne, Mount Alexander & Murray River Railway Company received parliamentary assent in February 1853 to build Victoria's first inland railway from Melbourne to Williamstown, and Melbourne to Bendigo and Echuca. Construction commenced in January 1854 with work on a pier at Williamstown but lack of funds slowed progress, eventually prompting the company to sell out to the government. The 100-mile (162 km) section to Bendigo opened in October 1862. Its cost of £35,000 per mile made it the most expensive railway ever built in Australia. In 1864, the line was extended to Echuca, tapping into the booming Murray-Darling paddlesteamer trade. info from Museums Victoria - Victorian Railways https://museumsvictoria.com.au/railways/theme.aspx?lvl=3&IRN=450&gall=456 1863 Ravenswood Station open on the 1st Feb 1863 Victorian Railways - purchased and imported the Rail and Chairs from Raleigh, Dalgleish, White and Co. London Importation of railway plant : abstract of a return to an order of the Legislative Assembly dated 27th June 1860 for - Copies of the advertisements calling for tenders, the names of the tenderers and the accounts and correspondence with Mr Brunel relating thereto GP V 1859/60 no. C 15 http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1859-60NoC15.pdf Report from the Select Committee upon the Importation of Railway Plant : together with proceedings of the Committee, minutes of evidence and appendix GP V 1859/60 no. D 38 (2.9 MB) http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1859-60NoD38.pdf Ravenswood Siding When the Victorian Railways were established in 1856 they adopted one of the popular British permanent way standards - heavy 80lb (36.3kg) double-headed rail held up right in cast iron chairs attached to transverse timber sleepers by wooden pegs called trenails. The Ravenswood Railway siding was constructed in 1862 with 12 feet wrought iron double-head rail held in cast iron chairs with Ransom and May patent compressed keys. Trenails held the chairs to the sleepers and the joints were secured in joint chairs. Joints were subsequently joined using fish plates. It formed part of the Melbourne to Echuca rail line, initially known as the Melbourne, Mt Alexander and Murray River Railway. George Christian Derbyshire, the first Engineer-in-Chair of the Victorian Railways was responsible for the design and construction of the works. No new lines were built in Victoria using double-headed rail after 1870. The siding was disconnected from the main line in 1988. The Ravenswood Railway Siding demonstrates the original 1856 philosophy of the Victorian Railways to adopt British permanent way technology. The siding demonstrates significant aspects in the development of permanent way technology in England and Victoria over the period from the 1830's to the 1880's. The chairs in the Ravenswood siding are physical evidence of early railway technology rendered obsolete 120 years ago, namely joint chairs at rail joints and trenails to secure the chairs to the sleepers. The double-headed rail demonstrates an important stage in the evolution of British rail technology in the 1830s. The old fish plates, square headed bolts and square nuts demonstrate the success of fishing the rail joins. The Ravenswood siding demonstrates the earliest form of rail joint technology developed in England, and existing in Australia, the joint chair. In part of the siding the sequence of joint and intermediate chairs is consistent with the 1856 specifications, that sequence is rare with the joints secured in joint chairs. The survival of chairs in this sequence is rare and almost certainly demonstrates that they remained in continuous use at the same location from 1862 to 1988. This remnant of the Ravenswood siding has survived 126 years. The siding has proved to be the most significant of extant remnant double-headed sidings in Victoria, containing a rare combination of early permanent way technologies. Construction dates 1862, Info from Ravenswood Railway Siding Victorian Heritage Database Report http://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/4693/download-report The remaining section of this siding is significant at the State and National levels in that it demonstrates the use of chaired rail by the Victorian Railways Department for the Trunk Lines and, more particularly, the following stages in the evolution of this long obsolete method of permanent way construction: a) The use of joint chairs and intermediate chairs at regular intervals inferring that the original wrought iron rail lengths were 12 feet, as is known through documentary sources to have been the case. The survival of chairs in this sequence is unique and almost certainly demonstrates that they have remained in continuous use at the same location and in the same sequence from 1862 to 1988 . b) The use of joint chairs and intermediate chairs designed for use with trenails. c) The use of later intermediate chairs designed for use with steel pins and the use of fished joints with steel double head chaired rail, representing a second method of constructing the permanent way using chaired rail technology. info from Ravenswood Siding - Melbourne/Echuca Railway Line - Victorian Heritage Database Report http://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/70103/download-report Addition to Citation for Melbourne to EchucaRailway Line 1/10/1990 Double Head Rail The surviving lengths of double head rail with chairs on this railway compare with one surviving similar remnant on the Geelong to Ballarat railway and are representative of permanent way construction techniques applied exclusively to the two trunk railways of the 1860's. In this respect they are rare survivors and may be unique at the national level and of technical importance at the international level to the extent that they enhance contemporary understanding of early railway building technology. Surviving lengths of chaired double head rail survive at Kyneton, Ravenswood and Bendigo on this railway and include a number of different types of cast iron intermediate and joint chairs with hardwood keys and metal pins. The Ravenswood siding is of special significance for the diversity of chair types and for the sequence of chairs recalling rail lengths known to be associated with construction of the line in 1862. Construction of the Railway Tenders closed on 24 March 1858 with no less than 133 tenders being received. A contract was let to Cornish and Bruce for £3,356,937 to commence work on 1 June 1858 and complete the line by 31 July 1861. Cornish and Bruce made quick early progress with the Melbourne to Sunbury section being officially opened on 13 January 1859. The line was officially opened to Bendigo (Sandhurst) on 20 October 1862 by the Governor of Victoria, Sir Henry Barkly. A great banquet was held for 800 guests and this was followed by a grand ball. The extension of the line to Echuca was a relatively simple matter as that part of the line was across plain country without any significant engineering challenges. Tenders were called for the work in 1863 and the work was completed in 1864 by contractors Collier and Barry Apart from the line contractors, other firms directly involved were J Shire law and Co (sleepers), R Fulton, Langlands Brothers and Co, William Crossley (water supply), B Moreland, Langlands Brothers and Co (platelayers lorries), E Chambers (iron pins, traversers), Miller and McQuinstan (luggage vans and steam engines) and various contractors for building works. Info from Engineers Australia Engineering Heritage Victoria Nomination for Recognition under the Engineering Heritage Australia Heritage Recognition Program for the Goldfields Railways - Melbourne , Bendigo & Echuca Railway Page 25 - .2.9.2 Statement from National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Listing number B5323 for Mt Alexander/Murray Valley Rail Line: Page 69 - Theme 3 https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/system/files/engineering-heritage-australia/nomination-title/Melbourne_%20Bendigo_Echuca%20Railway%20Nomination.pdf The Melbourne, Mount Alexander and Murray River Railway Company was a railway company in Victoria, Australia. It was established on 8 February 1853 to build a railway from Melbourne to Echuca on the Victorian-NSW border and a branch railway to Williamstown. The company struggled to make any progress and on 23 May 1856, the colonial Government took over the Company and it became part of the newly established Department of Railways, part of the Board of Land and Works. The Department of Railways became Victorian Railways in 1859. Construction of the Bendigo line commenced in 1858, but this private consortium also met with financial difficulties when it was unable to raise sufficient funds, and was bought out by the Victorian colonial government. The design work was then taken over by Captain Andrew Clarke, R. E., Surveyor-General of Victoria, with bridge designs completed by Bryson and O'Hara The contract for the first stage of the line from Footscray to Sandhurst (now Bendigo), was let to Cornish and Bruce for £3,356,937.2s.2d ($6.714 million) with work commencing on 1 June 1858. Completion of the permanent way was to be by 31 July 1861 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne,_Mount_Alexander_and_Murray_River_Railway_Company Victorian Railways - purchased and imported the Rail and Chairs from Raleigh, Dalgleish, White and Co. London Importation of railway plant : abstract of a return to an order of the Legislative Assembly dated 27th June 1860 for - Copies of the advertisements calling for tenders, the names of the tenderers and the accounts and correspondence with Mr Brunel relating thereto GP V 1859/60 no. C 15 http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1859-60NoC15.pdf Report from the Select Committee upon the Importation of Railway Plant : together with proceedings of the Committee, minutes of evidence and appendix GP V 1859/60 no. D 38 (2.9 MB) http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1859-60NoD38.pdf Victorian Railways : report of the Board of Land and Works November 1862 GP V 1862/63 no. 21 (2.8 MB) https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1862-63No21.pdfHistoric - Victorian Railways - Double Headed rail Ravenswood Railway Station and Siding Victorian Heritage Database Reports Victorian Heritage Register VHR H1100 Victorian Heritage Register VHR H1786 National Trust VHR H1100 Mount Alexander and Murray River Rail way Line National Trust2 rail lengths of Double Headed Rail made of Iron makers marks : Wilson & Cammell - Dronfield - Steel and 20 joint chairs with metal rail pins Makers mark Wilson & Cammell - Dronfield - Steel (possible date 187? very hard to read ) puffing billy, double headed rail, wilson & cammell - dronfield - steel works, ravenswood station siding, melbourne to echuca rail line, initially known as the melbourne, mt alexander and murray river railway.