Sepia photograph of a man wearing suit and hat, young man in shirtsleeves and cap, with horse standing outside a wooden building.Richard Ching snr.richard ching, workers, stable hands, horses

The Thermoscope The thermometer dates back to the early 1600s, with Galileo’s invention of the “thermoscope.” Galileo’s device could determine whether temperature was rising or falling, but was not able to detect the actual scale of the temperature. In 1612, Italian inventor and physician Sanctorius was the first to put a numerical scale on the thermoscope. His product was also designed for taking temperature from a patient’s mouth. However, neither Galileo’s nor Sanctorius’ thermoscopes were very accurate. Standardized Scales In 1709, Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented his first thermometer using alcohol. He later introduced the mercury thermometer in 1714, which was more accurate and predictable. The Fahrenheit temperature scale was standardized in 1724 with a freezing point of 32 degrees and a boiling point of 212 degrees. Fahrenheit’s mercury thermometer is recognized as the first modern thermometer with a standardized scale. The Celsius scale was invented in 1742 by Anders Celsius, with a freezing point of 0 degrees and a boiling point of 100 degrees. This scale was accepted into the international conference on weights and measurements in 1948. The Kelvin Scale, measuring extreme temperatures, was developed by Lord Kelvin in 1848. Registering Thermometers Early versions of the thermometer were not able to hold the temperature after they were moved. You can imagine how this made it hard for doctors to correctly read a patient’s temperature. The first thermometer that could register and hold onto temperature was built by James Six in 1782. Today, it is known as Six’s thermometer. Since then, the mercury thermometer was adapted to read a patients temperature after leaving the body. Registering thermometers are still used today and are reset by shaking down the mercury to the bottom of the tube. The Modern Devices Modern Day Thermometers This brings us to the first practical clinical thermometer, which was invented in 1867 by Sir Thomas Allbutt. The device was portable, about 6 inches long and was capable of recording a patient’s temperature in 5 minutes. Now, there are a few options for clinical and home use. Liquid filled thermometers have been adapted based on the designs of inventors like Fahrenheight and Six are still used today. Digital thermometers, like the Omron Compact Digital Thermometer, are capable of finding a temperature and producing an electronic number within a minute of use. Digital ear thermometers also produce a quick and accurate temperature. Dr. Jacob Fraden invented an infared thermometer called the Thermoscan Human Ear Thermometer in 1984. These thermometers use an infared light to scan the heat radiation in a patient’s ear or forehead. The thermometer, like many medical devices, has made strides in efficiency and accuracy. As medical technology continues to advance, businesses in the medical device industry must be prepared to move with it. This thermometer was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments, and material once belonging to Dr. Edward Ryan and Dr. Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr. Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr. Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr. Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at the University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr. Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr. Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was a physician, surgeon, and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as a new Medical Assistant to Dr. Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr. Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr. Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s SS Largs Bay. Dr. Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr. Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928. The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr. Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr. John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was a surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr. Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr. Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr. Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr. L Middleton was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital from 1926-1933 when he resigned. [Dr. Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr. Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr. Edward saw patients in his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2-bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr. Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital from 1884-1902. He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr. Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr. Edward and Dr. Tom Ryan work as surgeons including in eye surgery. Dr. Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital from 1902-1926. Dr. Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr. Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr. Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr. Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr. Ryan. Dr. Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr. T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr. Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr. Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon from 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10 am, 2-4 pm, 7-8 pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr. Edward Ryan and Dr. Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr. Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr. Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles were passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr. John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks, and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr. Angus had his own silkworm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr. Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness, and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr. Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and a surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital from 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII1942-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence, he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist at Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr. Angus was elected a member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life, Dr. Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr. Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eyewitness from the late 1880s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr. Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks, and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr. Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as the Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council, and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments, and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. Long cylindrical glass thermometer with mercury bulb, inside a light weight wooden cylinder with top, (W.R. Angus Collection) Temperature scale in fahrenheit. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, thermometer, dr w r angus, medical equipment, surgical instrument, dr ryan, ophthalmology, s.s. largs bay, warrnambool base hospital, nhill base hospital, flying doctor, medical history, medical treatment, mira hospital, medical education

The 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games, officially known as the II Commonwealth Youth Games, and commonly known as Bendigo 2004,was an international sporting event that was held from 30 November to 3 December 2004 in Bendigo, Australia. They were the second Commonwealth Youth Games, which are held every four years. Corporate gift giving plays a large part in local government diplomacy and events such as these which attract delegates from across the world are opportunities to promote and share information about a countries natural resources and arts and culture. Round, wooden platter. Circular wood inlays with metal Falklands Island shaped central motif. Natural wood finish. verso; Presented / to the / City of Bendigo / by the / 2004 Falkland Islands / Commonwealth Youth / Games Teamcommonwealth youth games 2004, city of greater bendigo sport, city of greater bendigo corporate gift

The design of the corkscrew may have been derived from the gun worm, which was a device from at least the early 1630s, used by men to remove unspent charges from a musket's barrel in a similar fashion. The corkscrew is possibly an English invention, due to the tradition of beer and cider, and the 'Treatise on Cider' by John Worlidge in 1676 describes "binning of tightly corked cider bottles on their sides", although the earliest reference to a corkscrew is, "steel worm used for the drawing of Corks out of Bottles" from 1681. In 1795, the first corkscrew patent was granted to the Reverend Samuel Henshall, in England. The clergyman affixed a simple disc, now known as the Henshall Button, between the worm and the shank. The disc prevents the worm from going too deep into the cork, forces the cork to turn with the turning of the crosspiece, and thus breaks the adhesion between the cork and the neck of the bottle. The disc is designed and manufactured slightly concave on the underside, which compresses the top of the cork and helps keep it from breaking apart. In its traditional form, a corkscrew is simply a steel screw attached to a perpendicular handle, made of wood or some other material. The user grips the handle and screws the metal point into the cork, until the helix is firmly embedded, then a vertical pull on the corkscrew extracts the cork from the bottle. The handle of the corkscrew allows for a commanding grip to ease removal of the cork. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CorkscrewMetal corkscrew with wooden handle. Has metal steel spike to create a starting point for the use of the corkscrew. Very rusty.corkscrew, kitchen equipment, bottle opener

Butter pats (also known as butter paddles, butter hands and butter workers) were widely used until the mid 20th century to form and shape butter that came out of butter churns.The butter pats are an example of an everyday domestic object that would have been an item in most farm households particularly the dairy farms of South-West Victoria.A pair of wooden butter pats with shaped handles. One side of the pat is covered with fine grooves the other side is flat.flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, warrnambool, domestic object, butter pats, butter making, butter paddles

Metal surround, hide on drum face, with adjusting taps. Complete with two wooden drumsticks. This is known as a snare drum c1920sBallbe & Avon & Co London.musical instruments, percussion

Used by students for garden maintenance.3 pitchforks each with 3 tynes and Wooden handles. 2 painted green and 1 painted blue. used by the students2 green and 1 bluegarden maintenance, students, pitchforks, tools

This is a portrait of Professor Michael Cousins in his role as Dean of the Faculty of Pain Medicine at ANZCA (1999 - 2002). The portrait was unveiled at a College ceremony/meeting on 30 July 2003. The portrait was commissioned by FPM to mark the Deanship of Prof Cousins. Gary Lee Gaston is an Australian visual artist who was born in 1938. He is a painter, teacher and sculptor. He has exhibited in Adelaide and is a fellow of the Royal South Australian Art Society.Professor Michael Cousins was instrumental in the establishment of the faculty of pain medicine and was its first Dean from 1999 - 2002.Oil on canvas painting of the Faculty of Pain Medicine Dean, Professor Michael Cousins set in a plain gold wooden frame.hand written on the reverse in black ink - 762 x 632 / VM24 OIL liNen •stamped on reverse in black ink: CENTRAL ARTISTS SUPPLIES / 45 Osmond Terrace / Norwood SA 5067 / Phone/Fax: 8364 2088 •hand written on reverse in black ink: GARY LEE-GASTON / O.A.M F.R.S.A.S.A. •hand written on reverse in balck ink: PROFESSOR COUSINS 2003 / A.M. MB BS MD (SYD.) FFPMANZCA. FANZCA. FRCA. •engraved onto brass plaque on front of frame: Professor Michael J. Cousins / Inaugural Dean / 1999 - 2002 •inscribed on lower right hand side of painting: artist's signatureprofessor michael cousins, faculty of pain medicine, gary lee gaston, royal south australian art society., commissioned portrait

Unidentified wreath laying ceremony. Part of the collection of "William Anthony Theodore DSM PM 2981. Refer Cat No. 7926P for his service details.Coloured photo of a wreath laying at a ceremony in a park with a crowd watching and armed guards sitting, in a wooden frame and glass protection.tobruk, wreath laying, william anthony theodore dsm

Front: Bottom centre: PORTLAND TOWN COUNCIL Councillor A.B. Frost JP Mayor 1854-56 Back: 3502 on it (top left, yellow sticker)civic photography, civic history, mayor, mayoral chain, mayoral robes

Gold & brown wooden framed photograph or 7 women & children in formal dress - Queen, attendants, flower girl & pages.Diggers' Queen - Colac Centenary, 1937 Queen - Miss Florence Ryan; Attendants-Misses E. White and L. Ryan; Flower Girls- J Christie and P Heath; Pages-B. White and A. Cowley. AMOUNT RAISED, [pounds] 406/6/8

Part of the estate collection of Sergeant Trevor J Nicholson, who served in Royal Australian Armoured Corps, C Squadron and B Squadron 1st Armoured Regiment, 1969-70, Vietnam.A wooden plaque with green, red, black and silver insignia of a crown, tank, boomerang and crossed banners of armoured corps displayed. Australia/Paratusvietnam, t nicholson, plaque, 1st armoured, nicholson, armoured corps, shield, trevor nicholson, 4410261

Certificate of Discharge. V143139 Sergeant Albert William Guard. Served with Citizen Military Forces from 13 October 1941 to 30 June 1947. Interim Army 1 July 1947 to 26 October 1948.Wooden frame, glass front, printed certificate with cream coloured border, has details of the persons service and discharge date.“Certificate No 224024”documents - certificates/army records, glass technology, discharge

RICHARD FORD, CLUNES ARTIST, TEACHEROIL PAINTING IN A WOODEN FRAME BY RICHARD FORD. AN OLDER PERIOD STREETSCAPE OF CLUNES. POSSIBLY VIEWED FROM SCHOOL HILL.richard ford

Box iron with lid to hold heated slugs. Holes in sides and red wooden handle. Lid handle in shape of rooster.domestic items, irons

USED IN ST. ANDREWS CHURCH IN CLUNES, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIAWOODEN COMMUNION WINE GLASS HOLDER WITH HANDLE AND METAL BRACKETS AT EITHER END. BASE SITS ON FOUR RUBBER FEETNILst. andrews church, presbyterian church

Wooden frame containing photographs of 4 WW11 Destroyers. HMAS Tobruk. HMAS Vampire. HMAS Quiberon. Hmas Parramatta. Inscribed Royal Australian Navy. 75th Anniversary. #15 in a series of 25.

The Photgraph of a Weatherboard Home which was situted Upper Main Street on the left side of the street– It was the home of the Reeve Family. Black and White photgraph of a weatherboard home with veranda across the front, around which a wooden fence and gateway, onto the street.stawell, reeve

Edithvale Life Saving Club was founded in 1919.Black and white postcard of Edithvale Life-Saving Club, a double story wooden building, built on the foreshore of Edithvale beach.Tainsh Series No 1 The Beach Edithvale Printed on back: A real photograph. Produced in Australia Handwritten on back: 4th July 1942, Edithvalelife saving club, edithvale, edithvale beach

In front of Bakehouse, a wooden building with two closed windows, is harnessed horse and buggy. Seated on the two-wheeled buggy is probably one of the West brothers. A tree in background is partially obscured.Horse an Baker's Buggy outside Bakery in Thompson Avenue, Cowes.On side of Buggy - H E West. Bakery (another word undecipherable)local history, photographs, thompson avenue, cowes, horse & buggy, sepia photograph, mary robb

Redcliffe House was a Guest House in 1924 and in 1937 opened its doors to under-privileged children. In 1950 Redcliffe House was divided into flats. It has a charming verandah and wooden valence.Coloured photograph of Redcliffe Guest House at Newhaven.local history, photographs, buildings - historical, coloured photograph, john cook, phillip island, redcliff guesthouse

"Rangoon" Wooden three mast barque of 379 tons, built Sunderland, England, wrecked 22nd March 1870 at the mouth of Minnamurra River between Kiama and Shellharbour NSW AustraliaThe donor's grandfather was Master of the shipLamp - Candle Holder supported by brass bracket, screw cap and spring missingbarque, rangoon, lighting equipment

Wooden truncheon, used by volunteer constables during 1926 Police strike. Issued to Leslie J Robertson of Sackville St Kew to assist in protecting the stores in Elizabeth Street, Melbourne.The 1926 Police strike was an important event in Victoria's history. As an artefact, issued to volunteers, the truncheon is a remnant of that event.Solid wood varnished police truncheon with cord loop threaded through a hole below where held. These truncheons were issued to volunteer constables during 1926 Police Strike.1926 police strike, volunteer constables, truncheons, batons, police equipment

This is one of the maps drawn by Frank L. Frost while he was beekeeping in North-East Victoria. This particular map may be reference in the "Wooden" Diary on pages 12, 13 and 17.Front Side: Hand-drawn map centred on Chiltern showing the Melbourne road [Hume Freeway] and the Beechworth-Rutherglen road with detailed locations of flora in the region. Flora includes; Iron Bark, Stringy Bark, Red Box and Yellow Box. Details regarding quantity of flowers and quality of trees is included. Back Side: Some names and addresses are recorded in pencil. Drawn with black pen and grey lead on paper. A grid and other symbols are marked in red ink.hand drawn, hand-drawn, map, chiltern, 1915, beekeeper, frost, beechworth honey

Apple packers were employed on piece work to pack fruit from the sizing graders into wooden boxes, following prescriptive packing charts that ensured a box of even sized fruit. Depicts women’s occupations in horticultural district. Photo depicting 12 women standing outside the Harcourt Fruit Growers Association packing shed on the loading dock. The registered office sign is on the wall behind Mrs I. Gibbons. There is other sign writing on the wall weather boards of the building. The weather boards to the left of the window appear to be second hand as the writing is partly covered up. It also appears to be warmer weather as all the women are in light clothing.

Subsequently the wooden structure was demolished and a new arbour was built with funds provided by the Friends of Burnley Gardens. Donated by Jess White (Friends of the Elms). This structure was destroyed by a storm in January 2022.Colour photograph. Wisteria in flower. This is the first timber Wisteria Arbour. wisteria, friends of burnley gardens, jess white, friends of the elms, arbour

In 1902 a badge was urgently sought for the Australian contingents raised after Federation for Service in South Africa during Boer War. Probably the most widely-accepted version of the origin of this badge is that which attributes the selection of its design to a British Officer, Major General Sir Edward Hutton, KCB, KCMG, the newly appointed commander-in-chief of the Australian Forces. He had earlier recieved as a gift from Brigadier General Joseph Gordon, a military acquaintance of long standing, a "Trophy of Arms" comprising mounted cut and thrust swords and triangular Martini Henri bayonets arranged in a semicircle around a brass crown. To Major General Hutton the shield was symbolic of the co-ordination of the Naval and Military Forces of the Commonwealth. The rising sun badge has been worn by Australian soldiers since 1902. Thus it is a symbol that links soldiers across several generations, and across many conflicts and peace-keeping missions. Its symbolism is at once warlike and hopeful, as it incorporates an array of bayonets to create the form of the rising sun. At the centre sits a crown, symbol of a soldier's allegiance to the Australian nation and the British monarch. Small bronze coloured rising sun badge from a slouch hat. Military badge, general service 'Rising Sun' hat badge, Australian Imperial Force, Stamped oxidised copper alloy sun design in semi-circle around a crown, with the words 'AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH MILITARY FORCES' below. The back has two hooks for attaching the badge to a hat. This is the simple design of 1902 that incorporates an array of stylised bayonets to form a representation of the rising sun. Australian Commonwealth Military Forcesbadge military numismatics rising-sun

These cotton reels were owned and used by Helena Warren of Newmerella. Helena Francis Warren (nee McKeown) was married to William John Warren and lived in Newmerella. She was a fine amateur photographer who supplied the photos for the Back-To-Orbost celebration book in 1937 and also designed the Back-To-Orbost badge. She was known for her soft toy making. (by Ivy Rodwell in from Personalities and Stories of the Early Orbost District by Mary Gilbert).Helena Warren was a popular Orbost identity who was well known as an accomplished photographer and needleworker,Four wooden cotton reels. 2495.1 is an empty reel with paper labels at both ends. " Best Linen lace thread Barbours No 50 200 yards Wm Barbour & Sons Ltd Lisburn Ireland" 2495.2 is a wooden reel with thick linen thread. On one end " H11 underlined" 2495.3 is a narrow wooden reel with white thread and grey wound over it. It has paper labels at both ends. " J. & P. Coats 500 yards No 50 457 metres - Chain Brand Mercerised Cotton MR WHITE" 2495.4 is a wooden reel with synthetic thread - one paper label. "J. & P. Coats 6 Cord 200 yards 40 183 metres"needlework cotton-reels warren-helena