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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BIPLANE IN SKY
Postcard: sepia coloured card, biplane in sky above water, land in background, Large chateau style house visible. Potentially UK or France.A. Rapp, marine photographeraviation, civilian, biplane in sky, basil watson, biplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: DEPERDUSSIN MONOPLANE GNOME
Postcard: sepia coloured card. Monoplane on ground, wire wheels, single propellor. Five men in uniform and two in suits standing in front of plane. Written on bottom in white ' Deperdussin Monoplane 100 H.P. Gnome' Written in corner ' Fuller, Amesbury'aviation, civilian, deperdussin monoplane gnome, basil watson, monoplane, aeroplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: AEROPLANE IN SKY
Postcard: sepia coloured card. Aeroplane flying in clear sky. Taken from underneath, appears to be single wing.aviation, civilian, aeroplane in sky, basil watson, biplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BIPLANE FLYING
Postcard: biplane flying in cloud covered sky.aviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson, biplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BIPLANE IN FRONT OF SHEDS
Postcard: sepia coloured card - biplane in front of aviation sheds.F. Rowe, stationer & Photographer, Shorehan, Sussexaviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: TOM SOPWITH IN AEROPLANE
Postcard: sepia coloured card. Young man wearing a jacket and peaked style 'porkpie' hat ( on back to front ) sitting in cockpit of plane. Written on bottom of card in white ' Tom. Sopwith' and 'copyright'Topical Postcard Co., Winton, Hants.aviation, civilian, tom sopwith, basil watson. biplane, aeroplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BIPLANE AVRO-GREEN 65
Postcard: sepia coloured card - biplane on ground, buildings on LH side of photo. Men standing on ground in front of plane, some in uniform. Three men standing on wings of plane. A ladder is situated nearside to both lower wings. Written across bottom in white ' Avro-Green 65 horsepower - transport test. On LH corner ' Fuller, Amesbury'aviation, civilian, biplane avro green 65, basil watson, biplane, aeroplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: MAN STANDING WITH BIPLANE
Postcard: sepia coloured card. Man dressed in three piece suit, standing in front (LH side ) of biplane. Plane is situated on ground, large crowds in background in front of sheds ( hangars? ) On front of hangars written in white ' The Aircraft Company ….? ' On bottom LH side of card written in white ' Mr. Raynham Avro Biplaplane ( sic )'Topical Postcard Co., Winton, Hants.aviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson, biplane, aeroplane, raynham, avro biplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BIPLANE ON PONTOONS IN WATER
Postcard: sepia coloured card, biplane on pontoons in water. Number on tail '151'. Pilot standing up in cockpit.A. Rapp, marine photographeraviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson, biplane, aeroplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BIPLANE BEACHED ON SHORE
Postcard: sepia coloured card, biplane beached on shore, three men in row boat on RH side, large shed in background, possibly a hangar.A. Rapp, marine photographeraviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson, biplane, aeroplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BIPLANE ON WATER
Postcard: sepia coloured card , biplane on water, two boats in background. Spit of land on right hand side of image.A. Rapp, marine photographeraviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson, biplane, aeroplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BIPLANE ON WATER
Postcard: sepia coloured card. Biplane floating on water, men in boat in foreground. On RH side of photo in distance buildings on spit of land.A. Rapp, marine photographeraviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson, biplane, aeroplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BIPLANE FLOATING ON WATER
Postcard: sepia coloured card, biplane floating on water, man in cockpit.A. Rapp, marine photographeraviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson, biplane, aeroplane. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: POSTCARD BIPLANE ON PONTOONS
Postcard: sepia coloured card - biplane on pontoons skimming across water.A.Rapp, marine photographeraviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson, biplane, aeroplane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: POSTCARD BIPLANE FLYING OVER WATER
Postcard: sepia coloured card - biplane flying above water, small boat on right hand side of photo, in background.A. Rapp, marine photographeraviation, civilian, biplane, basil watson, biplane, aeroplane. -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Max Hastings, Armageddon: the battle for Germany, 2004
Armageddon tells the story of the climactic months of the Second World War, the destruction of Hitler's Germany. Max Hastings has researched archives in four countries and interviewed 170 witnesses to piece together a saga that is at once fascinating military history and the greatest human tragedy of the twentieth century." "This book follows Max Hastings's earlier acclaimed studies of the Second World War, including Overlord and Bomber Command, in examining a great sweep of history with massive research and a host of new insights." "Armageddon embraces the fates of more than a hundred million people, men and women, old and very young, from the tragic teenage fanatics who died in the ruins of Hitler's Reich to the British 'Tommies' who simply yearned to finish a painful job and go home. Few books on the Second World War have so vividly brought together the story of the battlefields, east and west, with the decisions of the generals and the impact of great events upon ordinary soldiers and civilians.Index, ill, maps, p.584.non-fictionArmageddon tells the story of the climactic months of the Second World War, the destruction of Hitler's Germany. Max Hastings has researched archives in four countries and interviewed 170 witnesses to piece together a saga that is at once fascinating military history and the greatest human tragedy of the twentieth century." "This book follows Max Hastings's earlier acclaimed studies of the Second World War, including Overlord and Bomber Command, in examining a great sweep of history with massive research and a host of new insights." "Armageddon embraces the fates of more than a hundred million people, men and women, old and very young, from the tragic teenage fanatics who died in the ruins of Hitler's Reich to the British 'Tommies' who simply yearned to finish a painful job and go home. Few books on the Second World War have so vividly brought together the story of the battlefields, east and west, with the decisions of the generals and the impact of great events upon ordinary soldiers and civilians.world war 1939-1945 - battles - germany, world war 1939-1945 - history -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Robert Macklin, Bravest : how some of Australia's greatest war heroes won their medals, 2008
The Victoria Cross was the highest award, given only for a single act of valour. Just 90 Australians have been awarded it since they served with the British forces in South Africa in the late nineteenth century. And only four Australians have been awarded the George Cross, the ultimate medal for civilians in time of war. From Neville Howse in the Boer War in South Africa in 1900 to Keith Payne in Viet Nam in 1969 this book tells the story of twelve Australian recipients of the Victoria and George Crosses.Index, bibliography, notes, ill, p.278.The Victoria Cross was the highest award, given only for a single act of valour. Just 90 Australians have been awarded it since they served with the British forces in South Africa in the late nineteenth century. And only four Australians have been awarded the George Cross, the ultimate medal for civilians in time of war. From Neville Howse in the Boer War in South Africa in 1900 to Keith Payne in Viet Nam in 1969 this book tells the story of twelve Australian recipients of the Victoria and George Crosses.military decorations - australia, george cross recepients - australia -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Nigel Cawthorne, Reaping the whirlwind : the German and Japanese experience of World War II, 2007
Reaping the Whirlwind offers amazing insight into the events of World War II through the eyes of those who fought against the Allied forces in all theatres of the war. Readers will comb through many previously unpublished accounts of the war from German, Italian and Japanese soldiers, civilians and military leaders. The book covers every major arena of the war: Europe; the German invasion of Russia; Rommel's Afrika Korps; and the Pacific war between Japan and forces of the US, Australia and New Zealand. Reaping the Whirlwind uses the authentic voices of Germans and Japanese people caught up in the conflict and highlights the similar deprivations and dangers experienced by both victors and vanquished.Index, bibliography, ill, maps, p.288.non-fictionReaping the Whirlwind offers amazing insight into the events of World War II through the eyes of those who fought against the Allied forces in all theatres of the war. Readers will comb through many previously unpublished accounts of the war from German, Italian and Japanese soldiers, civilians and military leaders. The book covers every major arena of the war: Europe; the German invasion of Russia; Rommel's Afrika Korps; and the Pacific war between Japan and forces of the US, Australia and New Zealand. Reaping the Whirlwind uses the authentic voices of Germans and Japanese people caught up in the conflict and highlights the similar deprivations and dangers experienced by both victors and vanquished. world war 1939-1945 - participation - germany, world war 1939-1945 - participation - japan -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Ebury Press, Forgotten voices of the Blitz and the Battle for Britain, 2006
Drawing material from the Imperial War Museum's extensive aural archive, Joshua Levine brings together voices from both sides of the Blitz and the Battle of Britain to give us a unique, complete and compelling picture of this turbulent time. We hear from the soldiers, airmen, fire-fighters, air-raid wardens and civilians, people in the air and on the ground, on both sides of the battle, giving us a thrilling account of Britain under siege. With first-hand testimonies from those involved in Dunkirk and the Battle of Britain, Black Saturday on 7th September 1940 when the Luftwaffe began the Blitz, to its climax on the 10th May 1941, this is the definitive oral history of a period when Britain came closer to being overwhelmed by the enemy than at any other time in modern history.Index, ill, p.486.non-fictionDrawing material from the Imperial War Museum's extensive aural archive, Joshua Levine brings together voices from both sides of the Blitz and the Battle of Britain to give us a unique, complete and compelling picture of this turbulent time. We hear from the soldiers, airmen, fire-fighters, air-raid wardens and civilians, people in the air and on the ground, on both sides of the battle, giving us a thrilling account of Britain under siege. With first-hand testimonies from those involved in Dunkirk and the Battle of Britain, Black Saturday on 7th September 1940 when the Luftwaffe began the Blitz, to its climax on the 10th May 1941, this is the definitive oral history of a period when Britain came closer to being overwhelmed by the enemy than at any other time in modern history.battle of britain 1940 - personal narratives, the blitz -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Papermac, Caen: anvil of victory, 1985
Today it is almost forgotten that the D-Day landings of 6 June 1944 did not bring a single, isolate victory. As this masterly book reminds us, that first foothold on enemy shores was won at enormous cost, and for two months afterwards a fierce battle raged for the control of Caen. Using the personal accounts of those who took part in the fighting, both Allied and German, and of the French civilians caught up in the conflict, McKee brilliantly reconstructs the bitter struggle that ravaged Normandy throughout the summer of 1944 before the Allied position in Europe was finally secured.Index, ill, p.368non-fictionToday it is almost forgotten that the D-Day landings of 6 June 1944 did not bring a single, isolate victory. As this masterly book reminds us, that first foothold on enemy shores was won at enormous cost, and for two months afterwards a fierce battle raged for the control of Caen. Using the personal accounts of those who took part in the fighting, both Allied and German, and of the French civilians caught up in the conflict, McKee brilliantly reconstructs the bitter struggle that ravaged Normandy throughout the summer of 1944 before the Allied position in Europe was finally secured.world war 1939-1945 - campaigns france, d-day - normandy -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Jane Waller et al, Blitz : the civilian war, 1940-45, 1990
This book uses first hand accounts, published memoirs and contemporary diaries and letters to to create a vivid picture of the chaos and fear, and bears witness to the courage, spirit and good humour of those who survived the BlitzIll, p.339.non-fictionThis book uses first hand accounts, published memoirs and contemporary diaries and letters to to create a vivid picture of the chaos and fear, and bears witness to the courage, spirit and good humour of those who survived the Blitz london - bombardment - 1939-1945, world war 1939-1945 -personal narratives - britain -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, David Chandler, The Oxford illustrated history of the British Army, 1994
From longbow, pike, and musket to Challenger tanks, from the Napoleonic Wars to the Gulf campaign, the Duke of Marlborough to Field Marshal Montgomery, The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army recounts the history of the British army from its medieval antecedents to the present day. Drawing on the latest scholarship, this survey shows how British fighting forces have evolved over the last five centuries. The continuities revealed are sometimes surprising: narrow recruitment patterns, friction between soldiers and civilians, financial constraints and recurrent political pressure for economies are constant themes. Commanders, campaigns, battles, organization, and weaponry are covered in detail within the wider context of the social, economic, and political environment in which armies exist and fight. The British army has been remarkably successful in fighting terms, losing only one major war (of American Independence 1775-83). As one of the engines of empire it has been active all over the world, as well as shaping the internal destiny of the nation in civil war and revolution. Its history is charted in a sequence of chronological chapters, each containing special feature articles, beginning with the medieval, Elizabethan, and Restoration army and moving on through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the two world wars of the twentieth. The book concludes with accounts of the army of British India, the amateur military tradition, the British way in warfare, and an assessment of what the future may hold in the light of the Options for Change review. Extensively illustrated in black and white and colour, and with a detailed chronology and further reading lists, this is the definitive one-volume history of the British army for specialists and non-specialists alike.Bibliography, Index, Chronology, ill (plates, col, b/w) maps. p.452.non-fictionFrom longbow, pike, and musket to Challenger tanks, from the Napoleonic Wars to the Gulf campaign, the Duke of Marlborough to Field Marshal Montgomery, The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army recounts the history of the British army from its medieval antecedents to the present day. Drawing on the latest scholarship, this survey shows how British fighting forces have evolved over the last five centuries. The continuities revealed are sometimes surprising: narrow recruitment patterns, friction between soldiers and civilians, financial constraints and recurrent political pressure for economies are constant themes. Commanders, campaigns, battles, organization, and weaponry are covered in detail within the wider context of the social, economic, and political environment in which armies exist and fight. The British army has been remarkably successful in fighting terms, losing only one major war (of American Independence 1775-83). As one of the engines of empire it has been active all over the world, as well as shaping the internal destiny of the nation in civil war and revolution. Its history is charted in a sequence of chronological chapters, each containing special feature articles, beginning with the medieval, Elizabethan, and Restoration army and moving on through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the two world wars of the twentieth. The book concludes with accounts of the army of British India, the amateur military tradition, the British way in warfare, and an assessment of what the future may hold in the light of the Options for Change review. Extensively illustrated in black and white and colour, and with a detailed chronology and further reading lists, this is the definitive one-volume history of the British army for specialists and non-specialists alike.great britain - military history, great britain - military tradition -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Ebury Press, Forgotten voices of the Second World War, 2004
Following the publication of the remarkable 'Forgotten Voices of the Great War', Max Arthur has once again gone deep into the Imperial War Museum Sound Archive to create this landmark oral history of the most devastating conflict the world has ever seen, the Second World War. The Imperial War Museum holds a vast archive of interviews with soldiers, sailors, airmen and civilians of most nationalities who saw action during WW2.Index, ill, p.486.non-fictionFollowing the publication of the remarkable 'Forgotten Voices of the Great War', Max Arthur has once again gone deep into the Imperial War Museum Sound Archive to create this landmark oral history of the most devastating conflict the world has ever seen, the Second World War. The Imperial War Museum holds a vast archive of interviews with soldiers, sailors, airmen and civilians of most nationalities who saw action during WW2. world war 1939-1945 - personal narratives - britain, oral history -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, HarperCollins, Just Another Soldier: A Year on the Ground in Iraq, 2005
At age seventeen, Jason Christopher Hartley joined the Army National Guard. Thirteen years later, in 2003, he was called to active duty, to serve in Iraq. Sent to a town called Ad Dujayl, made notorious by Saddam Hussein's 1982 massacre, Hartley was thrust into the center of America's war against terrorism. This is his story." "Just Another Soldier takes the reader past the images seen on CNN and the nightly news, into the day-to-day reality of life on the ground as an infantryman, attached to the First Division in the first war of the twenty-first century. From the adrenaline rush of storming a suspected insurgent's house to the sheer boredom of downtime on the base to the horror of dead civilians, Hartley examines his role as a man, as a soldier, and as an American on foreign soil.Ill, p.336.non-fictionAt age seventeen, Jason Christopher Hartley joined the Army National Guard. Thirteen years later, in 2003, he was called to active duty, to serve in Iraq. Sent to a town called Ad Dujayl, made notorious by Saddam Hussein's 1982 massacre, Hartley was thrust into the center of America's war against terrorism. This is his story." "Just Another Soldier takes the reader past the images seen on CNN and the nightly news, into the day-to-day reality of life on the ground as an infantryman, attached to the First Division in the first war of the twenty-first century. From the adrenaline rush of storming a suspected insurgent's house to the sheer boredom of downtime on the base to the horror of dead civilians, Hartley examines his role as a man, as a soldier, and as an American on foreign soil.iraq war 2003 - personal recollections, iraq war - biography -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Oxford University Press, The Oxford companion to Australian military history, 1995
This landmark book explores the richness and diversity of Australian military history, which has had a profound impact on the development of Australia. The two world wars - destructive yet often ennobling commitments for the young nation - have been the most important experiences for several generations of Australians, but military considerations and obligations have had a pervasive influence throughout Australian history. Just as it would be impossible to form a proper understanding of that history without due consideration of Gallipoli, the Kokoda Track, and conscription, it would be difficult to exaggerate the abiding influence of the 'digger' and the Anzac legend. From the beginnings of European settlement and the violence that accompanied it, to the more recent engagement of Australian forces in the Gulf War and peace-keeping operations in Africa, military questions have been a constant theme in the story of Australia. Anzac and Gallipoli are well-known names in the consciousness, but they can only be fully appreciated if examined in a wider context. This book does just that, providing a detailed analysis of Australian military achievements and an assessment of the importance of war in Australian history. The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History covers all aspects of this complex and fascinating subject. It contains more than 800 individual entries, written by leading military historians. All the major campaigns and battles are examined, along with significant military and civilian figures, such as Thomas Blamey, John Monash, John Curtin, Albert Jacka and Charles Bean. There are articles on weapons and weapons systems and on the development of the individual services and their component parts. The roles of industry, science and technology are analysed, and a series of essay-length articles discusses key aspects of our military legacy, including military humour and the impact of war on Australian film, television and literature. Here, then, is the most comprehensive guide to Australian military history, ranging from the colonial period to the 1990s. The Companion is supplemented by 100 photographs and by more than 30 maps. It is an indispensable source for students, specialists and general readers alike. Collapse summaryBibliography, ill, maps, p.692.non-fictionThis landmark book explores the richness and diversity of Australian military history, which has had a profound impact on the development of Australia. The two world wars - destructive yet often ennobling commitments for the young nation - have been the most important experiences for several generations of Australians, but military considerations and obligations have had a pervasive influence throughout Australian history. Just as it would be impossible to form a proper understanding of that history without due consideration of Gallipoli, the Kokoda Track, and conscription, it would be difficult to exaggerate the abiding influence of the 'digger' and the Anzac legend. From the beginnings of European settlement and the violence that accompanied it, to the more recent engagement of Australian forces in the Gulf War and peace-keeping operations in Africa, military questions have been a constant theme in the story of Australia. Anzac and Gallipoli are well-known names in the consciousness, but they can only be fully appreciated if examined in a wider context. This book does just that, providing a detailed analysis of Australian military achievements and an assessment of the importance of war in Australian history. The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History covers all aspects of this complex and fascinating subject. It contains more than 800 individual entries, written by leading military historians. All the major campaigns and battles are examined, along with significant military and civilian figures, such as Thomas Blamey, John Monash, John Curtin, Albert Jacka and Charles Bean. There are articles on weapons and weapons systems and on the development of the individual services and their component parts. The roles of industry, science and technology are analysed, and a series of essay-length articles discusses key aspects of our military legacy, including military humour and the impact of war on Australian film, television and literature. Here, then, is the most comprehensive guide to Australian military history, ranging from the colonial period to the 1990s. The Companion is supplemented by 100 photographs and by more than 30 maps. It is an indispensable source for students, specialists and general readers alike. Collapse summary australia - armed forces - history, australia - armed forces - encyclopaedias -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Rebo Productions, World War II in photographs, 1988
World War II was the most intensively photographed conflict in history. Military adn press photographers, propagandists, camera-wielding soldiers and civilians - all took the opportunity to record the tumultuous events of 1939-45. World War II in Photographs features 900 clearly captioned images selected from a wide variety of sources. Every major theatre of conflict is covered, from the icy seas of the Arctic Circle to the jungles of the South Pacific, from the deserts of North Africa to the steppes of Russia.Index, ill, p.600.non-fictionWorld War II was the most intensively photographed conflict in history. Military adn press photographers, propagandists, camera-wielding soldiers and civilians - all took the opportunity to record the tumultuous events of 1939-45. World War II in Photographs features 900 clearly captioned images selected from a wide variety of sources. Every major theatre of conflict is covered, from the icy seas of the Arctic Circle to the jungles of the South Pacific, from the deserts of North Africa to the steppes of Russia.world war 1939-1945 - history, world war 1939-1945 - pictorial works -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Clarendon Press, The poisonous cloud : chemical warfare in the First World War, 1986
The introduction of chemical warfare during the First World War was a major event in the history of military technology. It not only posed an unusual challenge to military thinking of the day, which was largely conventional and wholly unfamiliar with science; it also created a heated moral controversy surrounding the new weapon that did not discriminate between soldiers and civilians. This study explores the military role of chemical warfare as well as its effects on people, industries and administration on both sides.Index, bib, notes, ill, p.319.non-fictionThe introduction of chemical warfare during the First World War was a major event in the history of military technology. It not only posed an unusual challenge to military thinking of the day, which was largely conventional and wholly unfamiliar with science; it also created a heated moral controversy surrounding the new weapon that did not discriminate between soldiers and civilians. This study explores the military role of chemical warfare as well as its effects on people, industries and administration on both sides.world war 19314-1918 - chemical warfare, world war 1914-1918 - history -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: BROOKLANDS MOTOR TRACK AND FLYING GROUND
The postcard shows three planes flying above the Brooklands motor track with 'Brooklands Motor Track and Flying Ground'. To the right is a large two story brick building and on the left of the building is a long open covered vehicle stall. To the back are work sheds, further to the left are spectators cars and in the distance is open space with trees. Spectators line the race track both sides watching a racing car. In the foreground is a hill with fencing down to the track and spectators along the fence.Valentine Seriesaviation, civilian, brooklands motor track -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - BIPLANE FLOWN BY CURNOW BROTHERS
Black and white photo. Image shows biplane in air. Donor information: 'plane flown by two Curnow brothers, joyflight in 1920. Flown from site 'opposite to Bendigo Golf Club' This was the first flight by the father, James Lesley Ennis, of the donor, Hugh Ennis.`aviation, civilian, hugh ennis -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Clothing - BANDSPERSON UNIFORM; CAP/HAT
Clothing. Dark navy blue and red peaked hat or cap, with peaked shade over the face, featuring two heavy gold leaves 12 cm long, and curved from the sides of the shade, to meet in the centre. These may be woven or moulded gold work.A 1 cm wide black patent ribbon is held across the lower crown of the cap, with 2 x 2 cm diameter brass buttons - one at each end. Narrow braid (probably once gold braid) edges the 5.5 cm deep crown of the cap, which is dark navy in colour. A flat dark navy top of the crown is lined, and shaped on the underside with red woollen fabric. This is shaped to be wider and higher at the centre front. Two eyelets on either side of this section, ventilate the crown of the cap. A brass metal ''music stand'' topped by a crown and an oak leaf and acorn wreath at the sides is attached to centre front. A 5 cm wide leather band lines the crown, which is also lined with red cotton fabric, and a diamond shaped plastic ''hair-oil protection'' at the top of the crown.Inside crown, on a plastic protector, is a small white sticker, showing the number 7, this is probably an indication of size.costume, male uniform, civilian, cap