This photograph is a record of Head Nurse, Sister Lee-Archer, and her staff of six Trained nurses, 'Nurses', of the Melbourne District Nursing Society (MDNS) outside their new Nurse’s Home and Headquarters rented at 5 Royal Terrace, Nicholson Street, Fitzroy. The bicycles seen were the first mode of transport purchased by MDNS and allowed these Nurses to extend the nursing visits they made into more Melbourne suburbs.The Melbourne District Nursing Society (MDNS) moved into larger premises at No. 5 Royal Terrace, Nicholson Street, Fitzroy in May 1904. Head trained Nurse, Lee-Archer and her staff of six Trained nurses pose outside the new ‘Nurse’s Home’ at 5 Royal Terrace, Nicholson Street, Fitzroy. The Nurses worked in the districts of North and West Melbourne, the City Proper, Carlton, Richmond, South Melbourne, Fitzroy and Collingwood making 17,954 visits during the year. The Society had a set of bye-laws which outlined the work conditions for the Nurses. Section 111.1 states ‘Each nurse shall be ready to go to her district at 9 am. She will be expected to visit urgent cases on Sundays, and will be required to work eight hours on each week day, to wear the special uniform, and live in the Home of the Society’. In February 1885, only 50 years after Melbourne was founded, it was recognized that nursing care was needed for the sick poor in inner Melbourne. The Melbourne District Nursing Society (MDNS), the first Society of its kind in Australia, was founded with one Trained nurse, known as 'Nurse' in those days, and a second employed six months later. They liaised with Doctors and worked in the now CBD, ie from Spencer Street to Spring Street and from Victoria Parade to Flinders Street. From its inception the Society was at the forefront of health care. They provided high quality nursing care; educated their patients in the curing and prevention of disease; teaching the importance of cleanliness, fresh air and good nutrition, both by verbal instruction and demonstration, even supplying soup and milk when needed. At that time they walked the streets and lane ways amid the slums of inner Melbourne carrying their nursing bag containing lotion, ointments, powders, liniment, bandages, dressings, a case of spirits, and the Nurse's own clean apron, soap and small towel for her use. They loaned equipment, such as earthenware hot water bottles, splints, urinals, bed pans, bed cradles, feeding mugs, and air-cushions as well as providing clean bed linen and nightdresses as necessary. Trained Midwives began home births in late 1893 taking midwifery bundles and providing clothes for the babe and mother as needed. This was arduous work, particularly in the heat of summer. As the work increased a third Nurse was employed but due to this arduous work many Nurses only remained with the Society for several months. Permission to use bicycles was given to the Nurses in 1898 and the Society decided to purchase their own in 1903. A business man offered ‘new free wheel’ bicycles at £13 each which included maintenance for one year. Bells and wooden frames were added, at a cost of £5 per frame, so the Nurses could carry extra equipment. Nurses’ bags were strapped to the handlebars. Soup was made for those in need 2-3 times a week and if patients could not arrange to have it collected the soup was delivered by the Nurses on their bicycles. The use of bicycles caused a change in uniform, with white pith helmets, and veils covering them and tied under their chin, now being used. They provided high quality nursing care to a range of people, often in destitute situations, some lying on rags on the floor as they had no bed, others with just a bed and maybe a thin blanket, a chair and nothing else. Their ages ranged from babes, children, adults to the elderly. The Nurses gave medications as ordered by a Doctor, dressed wounds e.g. to the injured, and surgical cases, and to those with leg ulcers; attended to patients with ‘surgical ailments’ such as ‘hip disease’; gave care to those with acute illnesses such as bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, measles, and scarlet fever, as well as those with chronic illnesses such as consumption (tuberculosis), heart disease, arthritis, cancer, debility, neuritis and paralysis. In 1913 a Nurse had her Board and residence, uniforms, bicycle and laundry expenses provided and was paid £50 a year for her first six months. At the end of a year her salary was increased by £5, and later she earns £60 a year. Over the years the nurses complained that their veils became wet in the rain and asked for a change of uniform but this did not occur until 1921. Bicycles continued to be used in inner areas until 1945. Black and white photograph of six Trained nurses and their Matron, who has her hair swept up, and is wearing a long white uniform with belt, and white cap; part of her veil is seen hanging down her back, outside their Nurses Home The trained. nurses are holding their two wheeled bicycles, and are wearing long grey frocks, white collars and belts and straw hats with a Maltese cross in the centre of headband, this is held in place with scarves over the hat and tied under their chins. Their nursing bags are strapped to the handlebars of the bicycles. A black sign with the white capital letters 'Melbourne District Nursing Society. ....nursing the sick poor in their own homes' is on the metal spiked fence. The building is made of brick and five long sash windows are seen in the upper section. A metal roofed veranda, held up with four posts and two brick columns, divides the upper and lower section. A door and three long windows are seen which are partly obscured by several bushes behind the fence.melbourne district nursing society, 5 royal terrace, nicholson st carlton, nurses home, bicycles, mdns transport, royal district nursing service, rdns, mdns trained nurses, sister florence lee-archer

Poster, full colour printed on gloss paper titled "Inner Neighbourhood tram system", giving a diagrammatic Map of the tram system, suburbs, tram route destination names and route numbers and peak service route numbers. Has a separate section for the City area. Shows the routes that ran into the Greensborough and Box Hill Neighbourhoods. At the base of the map has The Met logo and name, a customer service number which has been glued over the printed number. At the base of the poster is a location guide for places of interest, sporting facilities, parks and gardens, railway stations etc.trams, tramways, the met, map, tickets, neighbourhood tickets, tramways

32 page booklet ''The first aeroplane voyage from England to Australia'' by Sir Ross Smith KBE, MC, DFC, AFC with 27 aeroviews by Capt. Frank Hurley. Four page description of the flight by Ross Smith (no flight photos). NSW Edition with aerial photos of Sydney, suburbs and country towns. Inscribed on front cover (handwritten) ''Left England November 12th 1919; Arrived Australia December 9th 1919''. Also, stamp of ''R Keith Munro'' and inside cover: address of ''Inveresk'', 126 Forest Street, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia 16-4-20''Sir Ross Smith, K.B.E, A.F.C,D.F.C, M.C.event, official

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, park road, roads

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, park road, roads

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, park road, roads

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, andrews street, beard street

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, andrews street

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, andrews street

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, andrews street

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, andrews street

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, frank street

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, frank street, beard street

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, frank street

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, shalbury avenue

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, shalbury avenue

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, shalbury avenue

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.Born digital based on two 35mm colour positive transparencies converged into a panormaeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, shalbury avenue

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, shalbury avenue

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, shalbury avenue

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, shalbury avenue

Roll of film taken by Eltham Shire Council officers of roads and houses in the Eltham East area in December 1980. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. Typically part of the Beard street group, a private street scheme that developed the road infrastructure commencing in February 1982.35mm colour positive transparency Mount - Kodak Kodachrome Cardeltham, housing estate, infrastructure, roads, shalbury avenue

Margaret Picken (1950-) trained and worked as a cartographic draftsman from 1968-1975 within the mining industry. These skills were readily transferable to work as a property illustrator for the real estate industry. Process: “Sketches were ordered by phone initially as there were no mobile phones or computers then. I would take our 2 year-old son with me to the houses when the other 2 boys were at school. I photographed houses with a Polaroid camera and made a ‘thumbnail’ sketch while there. The photos were used to scale off a sketch in pencil and then that sketch was overlaid with drafting film and the ‘pen and ink’ was completed. This process was the only one I used the entire time. Polaroid photos gave an instant usable photo. I then delivered the sketches by hand to the offices. There were deadlines each week on a Tuesday.” “… about 2003 coloured photos began to take over the sketches and mainstream companies replaced sole traders like myself providing a one-stop shop for all advertising. I produced my last Real Estate sketches in late 2005.” Margaret Picken (1950-) trained and worked as a cartographic draftsman from 1968-1975 within the mining industry. These skills were readily transferable to work as a property illustrator for the real estate industry. This architectural drawing is one of a series created by Margaret Picken for a range of real estate agents in Melbourne between c.1983 and 2005. Each work is signed and dated. Margaret Picken approached a number of historical societies in July 2020 with a view to donating her work. Sketches for post code 3127 are held by this collection. Others for suburbs including Ashburton, Balwyn, Camberwell, Canterbury, Blackburn, Box Hill, Burwood, Glen Iris, Hawthorn, Kew, Mont Albert North and Nunawading have been donated to the relevant historical group in those suburbs. (See Balwyn Historical Society, Box Hill Historical Society, Camberwell Historical Society, Hawthorn Historical Society, Kew Historical Society, Whitehorse Historical Society). In some cases, this collection also has a copy of the matching newspaper advertisement. Pen and ink architectural drawing on drafting film of 18 Arundel Crescent, Surrey Hills (VIC) by Margaret Picken. The drawing, dated 1989 , was commissioned by the Woodards real estate company.18 ARUNDEL CRES. S. HILLS / MARGARET PICKEN '89 / WOODARDS ~ C'WELLarchitectural drawing, houses, surrey hills / mont albert (vic.), artists, margaret picken 1950-, californian bungalow, arundel crescent

Margaret Picken (1950-) trained and worked as a cartographic draftsman from 1968-1975 within the mining industry. These skills were readily transferable to work as a property illustrator for the real estate industry. Process: “Sketches were ordered by phone initially as there were no mobile phones or computers then. I would take our 2 year-old son with me to the houses when the other 2 boys were at school. I photographed houses with a Polaroid camera and made a ‘thumbnail’ sketch while there. The photos were used to scale off a sketch in pencil and then that sketch was overlaid with drafting film and the ‘pen and ink’ was completed. This process was the only one I used the entire time. Polaroid photos gave an instant usable photo. I then delivered the sketches by hand to the offices. There were deadlines each week on a Tuesday.” “… about 2003 coloured photos began to take over the sketches and mainstream companies replaced sole traders like myself providing a one-stop shop for all advertising. I produced my last Real Estate sketches in late 2005.” Margaret Picken (1950-) trained and worked as a cartographic draftsman from 1968-1975 within the mining industry. These skills were readily transferable to work as a property illustrator for the real estate industry. This architectural drawing is one of a series created by Margaret Picken for a range of real estate agents in Melbourne between c.1983 and 2005. Each work is signed and dated. Margaret Picken approached a number of historical societies in July 2020 with a view to donating her work. Sketches for post code 3127 are held by this collection. Others for suburbs including Ashburton, Balwyn, Camberwell, Canterbury, Blackburn, Box Hill, Burwood, Glen Iris, Hawthorn, Kew, Mont Albert North and Nunawading have been donated to the relevant historical group in those suburbs. (See Balwyn Historical Society, Box Hill Historical Society, Camberwell Historical Society, Hawthorn Historical Society, Kew Historical Society, Whitehorse Historical Society). In some cases, this collection also has a copy of the matching newspaper advertisement. Pen and ink architectural drawing on drafting film of 28 Arundel Crescent, Surrey Hills (VIC) by Margaret Picken. The drawing, dated 1993, was commissioned by the Woodards real estate company.28 ARUNDEL CRES, S. HILLS / MARGARET PICKEN ~ 93 / WOODARDSarchitectural drawing, houses, surrey hills / mont albert (vic.), artists, margaret picken 1950-, arundel crescent, 1940

Margaret Picken (1950-) trained and worked as a cartographic draftsman from 1968-1975 within the mining industry. These skills were readily transferable to work as a property illustrator for the real estate industry. Process: “Sketches were ordered by phone initially as there were no mobile phones or computers then. I would take our 2 year-old son with me to the houses when the other 2 boys were at school. I photographed houses with a Polaroid camera and made a ‘thumbnail’ sketch while there. The photos were used to scale off a sketch in pencil and then that sketch was overlaid with drafting film and the ‘pen and ink’ was completed. This process was the only one I used the entire time. Polaroid photos gave an instant usable photo. I then delivered the sketches by hand to the offices. There were deadlines each week on a Tuesday.” “… about 2003 coloured photos began to take over the sketches and mainstream companies replaced sole traders like myself providing a one-stop shop for all advertising. I produced my last Real Estate sketches in late 2005.” Margaret Picken (1950-) trained and worked as a cartographic draftsman from 1968-1975 within the mining industry. These skills were readily transferable to work as a property illustrator for the real estate industry. This architectural drawing is one of a series created by Margaret Picken for a range of real estate agents in Melbourne between c.1983 and 2005. Each work is signed and dated. Margaret Picken approached a number of historical societies in July 2020 with a view to donating her work. Sketches for post code 3127 are held by this collection. Others for suburbs including Ashburton, Balwyn, Camberwell, Canterbury, Blackburn, Box Hill, Burwood, Glen Iris, Hawthorn, Kew, Mont Albert North and Nunawading have been donated to the relevant historical group in those suburbs. (See Balwyn Historical Society, Box Hill Historical Society, Camberwell Historical Society, Hawthorn Historical Society, Kew Historical Society, Whitehorse Historical Society). In some cases, this collection also has a copy of the matching newspaper advertisement. Pen and ink architectural drawing on drafting film of 7 Arundel Crescent, Surrey Hills (VIC) by Margaret Picken. The drawing, dated 1995, was commissioned by the Woodards real estate company.7 ARUNDEL CRES., S. HILLS / MARGARET PICKEN ~ 95 / WOODARDS ~ C'WELLarchitectural drawing, houses, surrey hills / mont albert (vic.), artists, margaret picken 1950-, californian bungalow, arundel crescent

One of a series of images of road infrastructure focussed on Bonds Road, Lower Plenty, the section connecting Old Eltham Road with Rosehill Road, taken by Eltham Shire Council Planning and Engineering officers. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. All images have been identified with GPS35 mm colour positive transparency (1 of 13) Mount - Kodak Kodachrome CardProcessed Mar 1981infrastructure, roads, bonds road, lower plenty, old eltham road

One of a series of images of road infrastructure focussed on Bonds Road, Lower Plenty, the section connecting Old Eltham Road with Rosehill Road, taken by Eltham Shire Council Planning and Engineering officers. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. All images have been identified with GPS35 mm colour positive transparency (1 of 13) Mount - Kodak Kodachrome CardProcessed Mar 1981infrastructure, roads, bonds road, lower plenty

One of a series of images of road infrastructure focussed on Bonds Road, Lower Plenty, the section connecting Old Eltham Road with Rosehill Road, taken by Eltham Shire Council Planning and Engineering officers. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. All images have been identified with GPS35 mm colour positive transparency (1 of 13) Mount - Kodak Kodachrome CardProcessed Mar 1981infrastructure, roads, bonds road, lower plenty

One of a series of images of road infrastructure focussed on Bonds Road, Lower Plenty, the section connecting Old Eltham Road with Rosehill Road, taken by Eltham Shire Council Planning and Engineering officers. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. All images have been identified with GPS35 mm colour positive transparency (1 of 13) Mount - Kodak Kodachrome CardProcessed Mar 1981infrastructure, roads, bonds road, lower plenty

One of a series of images of road infrastructure focussed on Bonds Road, Lower Plenty, the section connecting Old Eltham Road with Rosehill Road, taken by Eltham Shire Council Planning and Engineering officers. They provide perspective of the changes in housing styles and road development that began sweeping in from the mid 1970s with increasing urbanisation of what was once more outlying suburbs and regions. All images have been identified with GPS35 mm colour positive transparency (1 of 13) Mount - Kodak Kodachrome CardProcessed Mar 1981infrastructure, roads, bonds road, lower plenty