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Australian Lace Guild - Victorian Branch
Textile - Brussels applique lace, Late 19th Century
... Edging of Bobbin lace motifs appliqued onto machine made... motifs appliqued onto machine made net. Textile Brussels applique ...Fine lace used as costume trimmingEdging of Bobbin lace motifs appliqued onto machine made net. -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Book, Lace machines and machine laces, 1986
... illustrations of machine-made lace.... illustrations of machine-made lace. Lace Lace making History ...History and description of lace-making machines with many illustrations of machine-made lace.History and description of lace-making machines with many illustrations of machine-made lace.History and description of lace-making machines with many illustrations of machine-made lace.lace, lace making -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Textile - Lace Piece
... 4 sample pieces of cream machine made lace stitched... pieces of cream machine made lace stitched to backing board ...Part of a travelling salesman's lace samples from Plauen, East Germany, a lace making town since 13th Century.4 sample pieces of cream machine made lace stitched to backing board.On display stand ' C. R. Eichhom Plaven I. V. 'handcrafts, lacemaking -
Australian Lace Guild - Victorian Branch
Textile - Tape lace, Early 20th Century
... Tape lace edging. Incomplete. Machine made tapes.... Incomplete. Machine made tapes with needle made fillings. Textile ...Tape lace in the making. The lace is incomplete and still attached to the backing cloth. It is shaped - possibly as an edging for a tray cloth. Home made or hobby lace.Tape lace edging. Incomplete. Machine made tapes with needle made fillings. -
Australian Lace Guild - Victorian Branch
Textile - Tape lace, Early 20th Century
... Tape lace collar. Machine made tapes with needle made... made fashion item. Tape lace collar. Machine made tapes ...This collar was made by the mother of the donor. A home made fashion item.Tape lace collar. Machine made tapes with needle made filling stitches. -
Australian Lace Guild - Victorian Branch
Textile - Brussels applique lace, Early 20th Century
... Scarf / Tie of bobbin lace motifs appliqued onto machine... appliqued onto machine made net. Textile Brussels applique lace ...Fashion accessoryScarf / Tie of bobbin lace motifs appliqued onto machine made net. -
Australian Lace Guild - Victorian Branch
Textile - Tape lace, Lat 19th or early 20th Century
... Tape lace collar. Machine made tapes with needle made...Fashion accessory Tape lace collar. Machine made tapes ...Fashion accessoryTape lace collar. Machine made tapes with needle made filling stitches. -
Australian Lace Guild - Victorian Branch
Textile - Tape lace, 19th Century
... Tape lace dress front. Machine made tapes with needle made...Fashion accessory. Home made or hobby lace. Belonged to Mrs ...Fashion accessory. Home made or hobby lace. Belonged to Mrs Calder Oliver (donor's mother)Tape lace dress front. Machine made tapes with needle made fillings -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Paling/shingle splitter's axe
... Machine made, painted black, cast. No handle. Shows signs... splitter's axe Functional object Machine made, painted black, cast ...The splitter's axe was used to cleave timber apart into shingles or palings. A timber handle or haft would have been inserted through the socket. The cast iron blade was placed vertically into the timber end. The blade was then driven into the timber with a rough mallet while the haft was used to guide the split along the grain. As the timber split, the haft could be twisted to lever the two pieces apart. This tool is sometimes called a froe or frow.Machine made, painted black, cast. No handle. Shows signs of use. Socket warpedchurchill island, farm, tool, tools, splitter, splitter's, axe, paling, shingle -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Textile - Table Cloth, c1917
... Cream cotton lace machine made all over pattern medallions... Mitcham melbourne Table Cloth Textile Cream cotton lace machine ...Purchased by Bruce Reynolds Aunt, Emily Templeman for her glory box in 1917.Cream cotton lace machine made all over pattern medallions, flowers and squares.manchester, table linen -
Australian Lace Guild - Victorian Branch
Textile - Honiton lace, 19th Century
... machine made net.... machine made net. Textile Honiton lace ...Modesty front to be worn as a filler with a low cut blouse or dress.Lace modesty front. Bobbin lace motifs appliqued onto machine made net. -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Textile - Lace Trim
... embroidered laces are made using the Schiffli machine and Nottingham... and selvage edge, other edge complex scallop. Machine made... edge complex scallop. Machine made At 9cm in width ...At 9cm in width this delicately patterned length of light lace trim seems ideally suited to trimming a baby’s christening gown or a cradle. This embroidered style of lace was rarely used on fashionable garments but more widely used on bed linen and undergarments and judging by the creases in the lace, it is possibly made of silk which would have made it very expensive. There were two types of embroidery machines, the earliest was the Hand Embroidery machine invented by Joshua Heilman in France in 1828. It makes a perfect copy of hand embroidery except that all of the pattern repeats are exactly the same. The second type and the most likely to have been used for this piece is the Schiffli Embroidery machine Invented by Isaac Groebli in 1865 in St. Gallen, Switzerland. The first machines were relatively small and could be operated by a couple of people, mostly women but by the beginning of the 21st century they could be up to 18 metres in length and work with over a thousand needles. Most machine embroidered laces are made using the Schiffli machine and Nottingham in England, Plauen in Germany and St. Gallen in Switzerland still produce a great deal of embroidered lace.The Amess family owned Churchill Island from 1872 to 1929Length of wide lace trim with dots on net ground and selvage edge, other edge complex scallop. Machine madechurchill island, lace, janet amess lace collection, trim, amess -
National Wool Museum
Knitting machine and instructions
... (original) containing knitting machine. Made in Japan...) containing knitting machine. Made in Japan One hour guide to instant ...Orange instruction booklet. Large rectangle cardboard box (original) containing knitting machine. Made in JapanOne hour guide to instant knitting. Knitmaster. Made in Japan -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Textile - Supper cloth, not known
... Cream linen supper cloth with wide border of machine made... with wide border of machine made lace. From collection of Bette ...not knownCream linen supper cloth with wide border of machine made lace. From collection of Bette Jones.domestic items, table setting, handcrafts, lacemaking -
Dandenong/Cranbourne RSL Sub Branch
Badge - Patch ,British Forces
... Commonwealth Forces insignia. Machine made..... Machine made. "British commonwealth forces" patch british ...Blue square patch with gold crown and white/red British Commonwealth Forces insignia. Machine made."British commonwealth forces"patch, british commonwealth forces -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Clothing - Chemise, Eliza Towns, Late Victorian era
... ". Eliza probably had a treadle sewing machine and would have made...". Eliza probably had a treadle sewing machine and would have made ...This chemise is one of several linen and clothing items that were made and belonged to Mrs. Eliza Towns and donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. Eliza was born Eliza Gould in 1857 in South Melbourne (Emerald Hill) and in 1879 married Charles Towns. In the early 1880's they moved to Nhill in western Victoria and remained there for the rest of their married life. Charles was a jeweller and later became an accountant and for many years was involved with the Shire Council, the local show committee (A & P Society), the Hospital Committee and the Board of the local newspaper (the Nhill Free Press). They had three children and lived a life that would be regarded as comfortably "middle class". Eliza probably had a treadle sewing machine and would have made many of her own clothes as well as clothes for her children - adding her own handmade embroidered or crocheted decorative trim. This chemise is machine sewn by Eliza Towns and she has added pintucks and broderie anglaise lace as a decorative element. A chemise was usually a sleeveless garment made of linen or cotton (so they could be easily washed) and its shape was much like a modern day nightgown. The name comes from the French word for "shirt" or "shift". Women wore chemises next to the skin (under the corset) to keep stains and odors away from the less washable corset and gown.This item is an example of the needlework skills of women in the mid to late 19th century - combining machine stitching with hand embroidery to personlise and embellish an item of clothing. It is also significant as an example of a practical solution to the difficulties of needing to regularly hand wash a bulky outer garment or gown in the Victorian era.A white cotton, short sleeved, knee length chemise. The fabric at the front is gathered on a yoke which is decorated with bands of five pintucks alternating with broderie anglaise lace and embroidered strips lined with pink ribbon. A different broderie anglaise design decorates the sleeve edges, neckline and center broderie anglaise strip. The back of the chemise is gathered on to the neckline. There are two bands of pintucks on each sleeve. The fabric around each armhole has been strengthened with another layer of cotton and a length of cotton has been added (from the left shoulder to the hem) to increase the width of chemise.flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, great ocean road, south west victoria, victorian era, victorian era undergarments, chemise, victorian era chemise, undergarments, pintucks, victorian chemise, eliza towns, nhill, wimmera, home sewing, machine sewn, hand made -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Clothing - Bloomers, 1940's
... Machine made white calico bloomers, elastic in waist band... Tatura the-murray Bloomers Clothing Machine made white calico ...Used by Internees at Camp 3Machine made white calico bloomers, elastic in waist band. Finished with small button and loop at end of elasticbloomers, gisela hoffmann, ladies underware -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Textile - Lace Trim, Section
... . It would certainly have been made on a Barmen machine. The Barmen...Machine made Torchon lace in Cluny style, with geometric... Textile Machine made Torchon lace in Cluny style, with geometric ...This sample of lace trim is Torchon lace in the Cluny style with the geometric pattern and the classic wheat ears/leaves appearing between the filled ‘v’ shapes. At 5cm in width it would be a beautiful trim or insert piece on bed linen and undergarments. It would certainly have been made on a Barmen machine. The Barmen lace machine was developed in Germany on the 1890s. Its bobbins imitated the movement of the bobbins of a handmade lace maker and it made perfect copies of Torchon and other similar bobbin laces. This style of bobbin lace was the simplest to make and therefore the cheapest lace to buy. In the Elizabethan era the wearing of lace was reserved for the nobility and anyone of lesser standing than a knight who dared to wear lace would be publicly whipped. As the years passed the restrictions lessened gradually and in the late Georgian and Victorian eras ladies of the nobility sought to perform good deeds by teaching women and girls of the poorer classes to make lace and thus it became known as beggars lace. Bobbins were expensive and use was made of animal bones and even fish bones to perform as bobbins therefore another common name was bone lace. Many noble women entered a religious order and these nuns would also teach to skill to willing participants as well as making lace for clerical garments. Although the monarchy restricted the wearing of lace for some time, many royal figures in history did a great deal to popularize it. Two noteworthy examples were Queen Adelaide (1792-1849) and Queen Victoria.(1819-1901).The Amess family owned Churchill Island from 1872 to 1929. This lace collection was added to and refined over the course of three successive generations of women.Machine made Torchon lace in Cluny style, with geometric patterns and wheat design, probably on a Barman (Swiss) machine. janet amess lace collection, churchill island, lace, trim, amess, barman, machine -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Clothing - Lace bodice, 1900s
... White cotton machine made net bolero with tambour work... bodice Clothing White cotton machine made net bolero with tambour ...The Fashion & Design collection of Kew Historical Society includes examples of women’s, men’s, children’s and infants' clothing from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. While the collection includes some examples of international fashion, most items were handmade or purchased in Melbourne. White cotton machine made net bolero with tambour work and a chemical lace medallion inserted centre backfashion and textiles collection - kew historical society, lace, women's clothing -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Accessory - Lace Shawl
... Cream machine made lace shawl. All over design scalloped... Mitcham melbourne Lace Shawl Accessory Cream machine made lace ...Donor has had shawl for twenty years. It was owned by an elderly friend.Cream machine made lace shawl. All over design scalloped edge. Rectangular shape. Hole in centre of shawl.costume, female -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Clothing - Collar
... on the bias in a cowl shape. Lace is machine made cotton lace..... Collar is cut on the bias in a cowl shape. Lace is machine made ...Cream coloured collar with lace edging. Collar is cut on the bias in a cowl shape. Lace is machine made cotton lace.costume, female -
The Ed Muirhead Physics Museum
X-Ray Milli-Ammeter, Victor
... Cast in mold, machine made. Dipped coating on main body... Milli-Ammeter, Victor Cast in mold, machine made. Dipped coating ...Cast in mold, machine made. Dipped coating on main body. Glass window. Surface finish: black plastic coating, glass. “X-RAY/ MILLI-AMMETER/ PATENTED AUG. 30, 1904/ VICTOR” On rim near left hand side screw there are yellow markings- one marking is in the shape of a cross and the other resembles the symbol of a fish. -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Clothing - Gloves
... of hands and on bands around the wrist. Machine made in crotchet.... Machine made in crotchet style. costume accessories glove ...Ecru cotton mesh elbow - length gloves with design on back of hands and on bands around the wrist. Machine made in crotchet style.costume accessories, glove accessories -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Domestic object - Tea cosy unfinished
... Two cream coloured machine made lace triangular tea cosy...manchester trimmings Two cream coloured machine made lace ...Two cream coloured machine made lace triangular tea cosy pieces. Patterns of leaves with a scalloped edge on two sidesmanchester, trimmings -
Australian Lace Guild - Victorian Branch
Textile - Machine mixed lace, Late 19th or early 20th Century
... A collar of machine made lace imitating Carrickmacross...Fashion accessory. A collar of machine made lace imitating ...Fashion accessory.A collar of machine made lace imitating Carrickmacross. Machine muslin applique motifs on the body of the collar with Chemical lace motifs on the points. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Tool - Wad punch
... made and two machine made. One is painted blue. ... are probably hand made and two machine made. One is painted blue. Tool ...A wad punch is a tool to punch circular holes in soft material.\.Four wad punches made from metal. Two are probably hand made and two machine made. One is painted blue. wad punch, tools -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Accessory - Binder, Joseph Wertheim, ca. 1891
... Adjustable binder for a Wertheim sewing machine. Made... for a Wertheim sewing machine. Made by Joseph Wertheim, Germany ...This sewing machine accessory was donated with our collection's Wertheim sewing machine accessory box. The box contains twelve accessories, the instruction book and the receipt for the purchase of a Wertheim sewing machine. The receipt was written on July 23rd 1891 by the Wertheim distributor in Melbourne, Hugo Wertheim. His business was the Wertheim Sewing Machine and Hapsburg Piano Depot, trading at 173 Williams Street, Melbourne. The purchaser was Mrs Burrowes from Burrumbeet, Victoria, a district northwest of Ballarat. She paid £6-6 (six pounds and six shillings) in cash. The receipt was signed by H. Wertheim and the other signatory looks like John A. Cherry. Hugo Wertheim (1854-1919) was an agent for his father’s cousin Joseph Wertheim, a well-established sewing machine manufacturer in Germany. He was born in Lispenhausen, Germany, and migrated to Melbourne in October 1875, where he opened a merchandising business at 39 Flinders Lane East. He returned to Germany in 1885 to marry Joseph Wertheim's daughter Sophie Emilie. The couple came back to Melbourne, and Hugo quickly established a substantial business selling sewing machines, bicycles, pianos and other mechanical devices, under brands such as Wertheim, Electra, Planet, Griffin and Hapsburg. He exhibited at agricultural shows and in 1901 at the Pan American Exposition, Buffalo, United States of America. One of his staff was O. C. Beale, who later set up his own piano business in New South Wales. Hugo continued to own 25 per cent of one of Beale's companies, which became Wertheim's Queensland business. In 1908 Hugo Wertheim opened a piano factory in Richmond, Melbourne, aiming to produce 2000 pianos and player pianos a year, predominantly using Australian materials. In laying the foundation stone, Prime Minister Alfred Deakin observed that “few men with such opportunities for a life of ease would have embarked on such an enterprise” Hugo died of chronic hepatitis in 1919 at his home in South Yarra. His eldest son, Herbert Joseph (1886-1972), continued the business. The piano factory closed in 1935, becoming a Heinz food processing plant and in 1955, GTV Channel 9 studios and offices. The Wertheim Sewing Machine Company – Joseph Wertheim (1804–1899) founded the company in 1868 in Frankfurt, Germany. At this time Joseph was the Frankfurt city delegate for the Democratic Party. At its height, the Wertheim factory employed approximately 650 workers. The company used a trademark of a dwarf holding a hammer which is known to have been used until at least 1925, however in 1909 a Star of David was also registered. In 1870 a Wertheim subsidiary was formed in Barcelona, Spain. The business imported and sold complete machines, including the English Jones machine. Locals began calling the sewing machines “las rapidas”, and the business became known as “las casa de las rapidas”. In 1915 production began of a totally manufactured Spanish Wertheim machine. Wertheim in Germany continued manufacturing machines until 1932 when the Wertheim family fled to Spain. Despite converting to Christianity from Judaism, they feared the political unrest in Germany during that time. Wertheim Spain became Rapida SA and was then the sole manufacturer of the Wertheim machines. The factory was managed by Karl Wertheim under the alias Carlos Vallin.The sewing machine accessory is part of a donation that connected to domestic life in 1891 during the Victorian era. It is significant for connecting the Melbourne distributor of Wertheim sewing machines, Hugo Wertheim, to Victoria’s northwest district where the purchaser lived. It is also significant for connecting the Melbourne distributor to the importing of goods from the well-known German manufacturer of early domestic sewing machines, Joseph Wertheim. Adjustable binder for a Wertheim sewing machine. Made by Joseph Wertheim, Germany, and distributed by Hugo Wertheim, William Street Melbourne. Circa 1891flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, wertheim, sewing machine, victorian era, sewing machine accessory, wertheim sewing machine and hapsburg piano depot, wertheim sewing machines, sewing machine foot, seamer foot, domestic machines, dressmaking, home industry, fashion, binder -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Accessory - Tool Part, Joseph Wertheim, ca. 1891
... Tool part for a Wertheim sewing machine. Made by Joseph... for a Wertheim sewing machine. Made by Joseph Wertheim, Germany ...This sewing machine accessory was donated with our collection's Wertheim sewing machine accessory box. The box contains twelve accessories, the instruction book and the receipt for the purchase of a Wertheim sewing machine. The receipt was written on July 23rd 1891 by the Wertheim distributor in Melbourne, Hugo Wertheim. His business was the Wertheim Sewing Machine and Hapsburg Piano Depot, trading at 173 Williams Street, Melbourne. The purchaser was Mrs Burrowes from Burrumbeet, Victoria, a district northwest of Ballarat. She paid £6-6 (six pounds and six shillings) in cash. The receipt was signed by H. Wertheim and the other signatory looks like John A. Cherry. Hugo Wertheim (1854-1919) was an agent for his father’s cousin Joseph Wertheim, a well-established sewing machine manufacturer in Germany. He was born in Lispenhausen, Germany, and migrated to Melbourne in October 1875, where he opened a merchandising business at 39 Flinders Lane East. He returned to Germany in 1885 to marry Joseph Wertheim's daughter Sophie Emilie. The couple came back to Melbourne, and Hugo quickly established a substantial business selling sewing machines, bicycles, pianos and other mechanical devices, under brands such as Wertheim, Electra, Planet, Griffin and Hapsburg. He exhibited at agricultural shows and in 1901 at the Pan American Exposition, Buffalo, United States of America. One of his staff was O. C. Beale, who later set up his own piano business in New South Wales. Hugo continued to own 25 per cent of one of Beale's companies, which became Wertheim's Queensland business. In 1908 Hugo Wertheim opened a piano factory in Richmond, Melbourne, aiming to produce 2000 pianos and player pianos a year, predominantly using Australian materials. In laying the foundation stone, Prime Minister Alfred Deakin observed that “few men with such opportunities for a life of ease would have embarked on such an enterprise” Hugo died of chronic hepatitis in 1919 at his home in South Yarra. His eldest son, Herbert Joseph (1886-1972), continued the business. The piano factory closed in 1935, becoming a Heinz food processing plant and in 1955, GTV Channel 9 studios and offices. The Wertheim Sewing Machine Company – Joseph Wertheim (1804–1899) founded the company in 1868 in Frankfurt, Germany. At this time Joseph was the Frankfurt city delegate for the Democratic Party. At its height, the Wertheim factory employed approximately 650 workers. The company used a trademark of a dwarf holding a hammer which is known to have been used until at least 1925, however in 1909 a Star of David was also registered. In 1870 a Wertheim subsidiary was formed in Barcelona, Spain. The business imported and sold complete machines, including the English Jones machine. Locals began calling the sewing machines “las rapidas”, and the business became known as “las casa de las rapidas”. In 1915 production began of a totally manufactured Spanish Wertheim machine. Wertheim in Germany continued manufacturing machines until 1932 when the Wertheim family fled to Spain. Despite converting to Christianity from Judaism, they feared the political unrest in Germany during that time. Wertheim Spain became Rapida SA and was then the sole manufacturer of the Wertheim machines. The factory was managed by Karl Wertheim under the alias Carlos Vallin. The sewing machine accessory is part of a donation that connected to domestic life in 1891 during the Victorian era. It is significant for connecting the Melbourne distributor of Wertheim sewing machines, Hugo Wertheim, to Victoria’s northwest district where the purchaser lived. It is also significant for connecting the Melbourne distributor to the importing of goods from the well-known German manufacturer of early domestic sewing machines, Joseph Wertheim. Tool part for a Wertheim sewing machine. Made by Joseph Wertheim, Germany, and distributed by Hugo Wertheim, William Street Melbourne. Circa 1891flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, wertheim, sewing machine, victorian era, sewing machine accessory, wertheim sewing machine and hapsburg piano depot, wertheim sewing machines, sewing machine foot, seamer foot, domestic machines, dressmaking, home industry, fashion -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Clothing - Drop-Waisted, Cream Lace Dress, 1920s
... Cream-coloured drop waisted handmade dress, using machine... handmade dress, using machine made lace and added lace trim ...The Fashion & Design collection of the Kew Historical Society includes examples of women’s, men’s, children’s and infants’ clothing from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Items in the collection were largely produced for, or purchased by women in Melbourne, and includes examples of outerwear, protective wear, nightwear, underwear and costume accessories. This dress was worn by Kew resident Lilian Cohen.The McIntyre Collection of clothing and clothing accessories forms one of the largest single donations to our Fashion & Design collection. It includes clothing and clothing accessories worn by four women in the Cohen and McIntyre families across three generations. The items worn by Melbourne architect, and Kew resident, Dione McIntyre date from the 1960s and 1970s, and include evening wear, day wear, hats and shoes. As Dione McIntyre often accompanied her husband, fellow architect Peter McIntyre, to formal events, there are a number of pieces of evening wear among the items. The McIntyre Collection also includes items worn by women of an earlier generation: by Lilian Cohen, Dione McIntyre's mother, and by her mother-in-law, the wife of the architect Robert McIntyre. At the other end of the chronological spectrum are a number of outfits belonging to, worn and donated by Annie McIntyre. These include outfits created by notable late 20th century Australian and/or international fashion designers. The McIntyre Collection is significant historically and artistically as it includes examples of design that demonstrate changing tastes in fashion over an 80-year period. The collection is also significant in that it includes the work of a large number of Melbourne designers from the 1960s to the 1980s. Cream-coloured drop waisted handmade dress, using machine made lace and added lace trim. The dress is missing its underdress.women's clothing, australian fashion - 1930s, lace dressses, mcintyre collection -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Textile - Lace Trim
... . It would certainly have been made on a Barmen machine. The Barmen...machine made Torchon and Cluny lace trim with both edges... machine made Torchon and Cluny lace trim with both edges similar ...This sample of lace trim is Torchon lace in the Cluny style with the geometric pattern and the classic wheat ears/leaves appearing between the filled ‘v’ shapes. At 5cm in width, it would be a beautiful trim or insert piece on bed linen and undergarments. It would certainly have been made on a Barmen machine. The Barmen lace machine was developed in Germany on the 1890s. Its bobbins imitated the movement of the bobbins of a handmade lace maker and it made perfect copies of Torchon and other similar bobbin laces. This style of bobbin lace was the simplest to make and therefore the cheapest lace to buy. In the Elizabethan era, the wearing of lace was reserved for the nobility and anyone of lesser standing than a knight who dared to wear lace would be publicly whipped. As the years passed, the restrictions lessened gradually and in the late Georgian and Victorian eras, ladies of the nobility sought to perform good deeds by teaching women and girls of the poorer classes to make lace and thus it became known as beggars lace. Bobbins were expensive and use was made of animal bones and even fish bones to perform as bobbins therefore another common name was bone lace. Many noble women entered a religious order and these nuns would also teach to skill to willing participants as well as making lace for clerical garments. Although the monarchy restricted the wearing of lace for some time, many royal figures in history did a great deal to popularise it. Two noteworthy examples were Queen Adelaide (1792-1849) and Queen Victoria (1819-1901).The Amess family owned Churchill Island from 1872 to 1929. This lace collection was owned and contributed to by three generations of Amess women - Jane, Janet and Unity. Jane was wife of Samuel Amess, who was the first Samuel Amess to own Churchill Island.machine made Torchon and Cluny lace trim with both edges similar, v shape design and 8 braid geometric design in centrechurchill island, lace, janet amess lace collection, amess, trim, torchon, cluny