Yields information about a D loop on the Sturt St West track..Digital image, black and white, of two single truckers crossing at one of the D loops, probably Parker St, in Sturt St West with cars passing the trams. A school sign indicates a possible location. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "Sturt St West D Loop"trams, tramways, parker st loop, sturt st west

Yields information about Sturt St west track near Hamilton Ave with pedestrians.Digital image, black and white, of a single truck tram, with a Twin Lakes sign, outbound in Sturt St West, near the Hamilton Ave stop, with two girls walking across the road after it has rained. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "Two girls and tram"trams, tramways, sturt st west, hamilton ave

Yields information about the Bridge St landscape looking east.Digital image of a view looking east along Barkly St from Grenville St showing a tram a the intersection of the Mt Pleasant and Victoria St lines (Stones Corner). Has the shops on both side of the street in view. In the far distance is the Caltex service station. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "Bridge St"trams, tramways, ballarat, bridge st

Yields information about the City tramway centre, corner of Sturt and Lydiard St and passengers changing or leaving trams.Digital image of two single truckers (31 and another) off loading passengers at the corner of Sturt and Lydiard St, City centre, with the ANZ bank in the background. No. 31 has a SEC roof advertisement and the other tram, an Eureka Roofing Tiles roof Advert. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "Change here"trams, tramways, sturt st, city, anz, tram 31

Yields information about Sturt St and the intersection with Grenville St.Digital image, black and white, two images of No. 21 at the base of the Sturt St hill before crossing Grenville St, going to Victoria St. Roof advert appears in other photos, but very hard to work out. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 21 bottom Sturt St" and "No. 21 Sturt and Grenville".trams, tramways, sturt st, grenville st, tram 21

Yields information about the Mt Pleasant route and Barkly St.Digital image, black and white, of No. 30 in bound along Barkly St, Mt Pleasant. Tram has a Twin Lakes sign and destination of Gardens via Drummond Nth. Tram picking up passenger at rear door, while a Vanguard motor car waits. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 31 and Vanguard"trams, tramways, barkly st, mt pleasant, tram 31

Yields information about Sturt St City terminus and passengers and crews getting on and off the tram, after changing crews.Digital image, black and white, of No. 38 at the city terminus in Sturt St, with passengers getting off the tram and crews starting to walk across the road, probably after a change over of crews. There is another tram in front of No. 38. No. 38 has the destination of Lydiard St North. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 38 taken at 1015"trams, tramways, crews, sturt st, tram 38

Yields information about the Sturt St. and Bridge St and some of the cars that used the street - a Plymouth.Digital image, black and white, of a scene in Bridge St looking back towards the Town Hall and Sturt St, showing a Plymouth motor vehicle, a single trucker and a bogie car in Sturt St. Shows the Dickins store, Williams the Shoeman, Roger David Store. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "Plymouth Bridge St"trams, tramways, bridge st, sturt st, town hall

Yields information about the Sebastopol tram terminus.Digital image of No. 38 at the Sebastopol terminus, with the Royal Mail Hotel in the background. Shows the stop arrangements. Hotel has Melbourne Bitter and Fosters Lager signs. The tram has the destination of Lydiard St North and a SEC "Everything is fine in my electric kitchen" roof advertisement. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No 38 at Royal Mail Sebastopol"trams, tramways, sebastopol, hotels, tram 38

Yields information about the Grant St Loop on the Mt Pleasant line.Digital image, black and white, series of three images of No. 31 entering, travelling through and leaving the Grant St Loop on the Mt Pleasant line. Taken with a telephoto lens at varying lengths. Has a Hardware and Fancy Goods shop on the right hand side. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 31 Approach", "No. 31 into the loop" and "No. 31 leaves the loop"trams, tramways, mt pleasant, grant st, barkly st, tram 31

Yields information about the stop in the City on the south side of Sturt St and loading passengers.Digital image, black and white, of No. 41 loading passengers for Sebastopol at the city terminus. A number of passengers, including one carrying an umbrella are boarding. Shows the signage at the city stop. In the background is Bridge St, looking along to Victoria St and Mt Warrenheip. Another tram is in Bridge St. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 41 Loading for Sebas"trams, tramways, city, sturt st, bridge st, sebastopol, tram 41

Yields information about Wendouree Parade and the Hamilton Ave area and Sturt St West..Digital image, black and white, of No. 11, with a Twin Lakes sign running a Mt Pleasant service. .1 - In Sturt St west between Hamilton Ave and Russell St loop. .2 - In Wendouree Parade about to turn into Hamilton Ave. Note the Tram timetable on the pole on the right hand side of the photograph. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of images: No. 11 "Wendouree Parade"trams, tramways, wendouree parade, sturt st west, mt pleasant, timetables, hamilton ave, tram 11

Yields information about the Lydiard St and Sturt St intersection and some of the signs that were in place at the time.Digital image, black and white, two photos of No. 12 southbound in Lydiard St North, before turning into Sturt St. Note Craigs Royal Hotel street lamp, the fire alarm box, fire plug post and the warning sign behind the Stop sign Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 12 and gas lamp" and "No. 12 Lydiard St Sturt 1"trams, tramways, lydiard st nth, craig s hotel, signs, tram 12

Yields information about the Lydiard St and Sturt St intersection.Digital image, black and white, of No. 31 west bound in Sturt St crossing Lydiard St, while along single trucker goes the other way. No 31 has a "Everything's under control in my all electric kitchen!" roof advertisement. Has the Post Office building in the background. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 31 crossing Lydiard St"trams, tramways, lydiard st, sturt st, tram 31

Yields information about the highway crossing Albert St Sebastopol from both sides.Digital image, black and white, set of three images of No. 41 crossing Albert St Sebastopol. .1 - No. 41 southbound, before crossing Albert St. .2 - ditto, after crossing Albert St .3 - No. 41 on return, north bound. Note the pole with directions for Mt Clean, Sebastopol Gun Club. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 41 at the Highway"trams, tramways, albert st, sebastopol, tram 41

Yields information about the Sturt St and Lydiard St intersection.Digital image, black and white, two images of No. 32 in Lydiard St North. .1 - adjacent to the post office, about to turn into Sturt St, enroute for Sebastopol. .2 - further up Lydiard St North, taken from outside Craigs Royal Hotel (see also Reg Item 4594 for a similar photo) Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 32 Lydiard St Nth".trams, tramways, lydiard st, craig s hotel, post office, tram 32

Yields information about Lydiard St between Mair and Sturt Streets.Digital image, black and white, of No. 38 travelling north in Lydiard St North between Sturt and Mair Sts, with many parked cars. Has the George Hotel, the CBC Bank, Hoyts Regent, and other buildings in the view. See also Reg Item 4580 for a later photograph, probably 38 too. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 38 Lydiard St near Mair St."trams, tramways, lydiard st, tram 38

Vol. 7, No. 2, May-Jun 2002 CONTENTS Comment The Future of the Arts 2 Conversation with Lex de Man, Mayor of Nillumbik 3 Short Story Traces of Life by Sharyn Munroe 5 Art Brut and the Aesthetic Impulse Pam Dougherty 9 Book Review: The Boyds Louise Poland 12 Record of on Individual Soul Elizabeth Cross on Peter Wegner' s portraiture 15 Theatre Review: Paradise at La Mama Christine Crowle 17 Book Review: Forests of Ash Graham Petersen 20 Australian Classical Music Elizabeth Scarlet 21 CD Reviews 22 Allister Hullet, Dili Allstors, CoCo's Lunch 22 Stripperomo at Heide 24 Poetry News and Reviews John Jenkins 25 Artin’ about 26 Wining & Dining 30 Poetry Armana Lee 32 "Peter Dougherty has been involved in the local art scene for many years. As publisher and editor of the arts magazine Artstreams, his comments on the various branches of the arts are widely respected. His "The Arts" column in the Diamond Valley Leader presents a brief summary for a much wider cross section of the local community. Peter also operates his own gallery and the Artstreams Cafe at the St Andrews market. Peter has a wealth of knowledge about present day and historical aspects of local art and artists." - Eltham District Historical Society Newsletter No. 161, March 2005Colour front and back cover with feature articles and literary pieces with photographs and advertisements printed in black and white. 36 pages, 30 cm. Vol. 1, no. 1 (Nov. 1996) - Vol. 10, no. 5 (summer ed. 2005/​06) art streams, st andrews hotel, lex de man, cultural heritage, willy wonka's ice cream gourmet food, sharyn munro, fleur de feliss florist, eltham fullife pharmacy, chris pittard, mary lou pittard, bulleen art & garden centre, pam dougherty, arts project, bibby's bahnhof cafe, montsalvat, winter in banyule, eltham wiregrass gallery, arts on burgundy, la mama theatre, folkart warrandyte, thompsons pharmacy, recherche, bundoora homestead, dynamic vegies, armana lee, heide museum of modern art, metro 5 gallery

Resusci Anne was used for teaching both emergency workers and members of the general public. Developed by Asmund S. Laerdal, Peter Safar, and James Elam and produced by the company Laerdal Medical.The first version of rescue Annie was presented by Laerdal in 1960. Later the design was refined and included a simulated carotid pulse, eye pupils that could dilate and constrict and a system for recording the trainee's resuscitation performance on a paper tape. Ref. WikipediaUsed in the Kiewa Valley by Educators of First Aid and emergency workersSee KVHS 0542 for Resusci-Anne Repair Kit Doll type model with face, arms and legs folded into a 1950s carrying case. The model has blue clothing. Enclosed are the instructions for packing the model and papers for treatment of an unconscious patient.resusci anne, first aid, emergency education

Yields information about the Bakery Hill Victoria St and the Caltex Service Station.Digital image, black and white, of No. 26 descending Bakery Hill to Stone's Corner, Victoria and Main St with the Caltex service station in the foreground. Has a lady with slacks walking across the road and a boy wheeling a bike down the footpath. Note the Highway direction signs and service station signage. O'Brien Motors and a book and record shop on the north side Bakery Hill Victoria St. shops. See Reg 4603 for the subsequent photo at this location. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 26 Bridge and Vic1"trams, tramways, victoria st, main st, stones corner, bakery hill, tram 26

Yields information about the Bakery St Hill on the Victoria St route.Digital image, black and white, of No. 26 at Stones Corner, junction of Bridge, Victoria and Main St, Bakery Hill. No the young girl in slacks walking in front of the tram, the boy wheeling the bike down the street and the young boy standing in the front door of the tram. In the background is Eureka Dry Cleaners, an old Robur tea ad on a building, F. O'Brien Motors. The tram has the destination of Gardens via Sturt St West and a SEC Briquettes Roof advert. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No. 26 Victoria and Bridge"trams, tramways, stones corner, bakery hill, victoria st, bridge st, tram 26

Yields information about Bridge St Ballarat and its associated shopping strip.Digital image, black and white, two images, of No. 30 in Bridge St. 4605.1 - at Stones Corner, enroute to Mt Pleasant with Rodda's, Gill & O'Keffe, C.W. Pennan, ANZ Bank and other shops in the background. Note the signal lamps on the right hand side of the photo above the tram stop sign and how the overhead was arranged at this junction. 4605.2 - at Grenville St end, with Faulls Shoes, Suttons HMV and other shops in the background. Photo taken by Peter Bruce 1970's and 1971, prior to the closure of the Ballarat tramway system. Peter's Title of image: "No.30 Bridge and Main" and "No. 30 Bridge St up end".trams, tramways, bridge st, mt pleasant, tram 30

Demonstrates aspects of the method of ticketting systems used by ESCo and yields information on the design of the ticket. Has an association with the donor's father.Colour ink jet printed photograph and enlarged photograph of an ESCo tram ticket No. Z 6564, 3d cash fare, up and down directions to specific destinations on the ticket - light brown colour. Donated by Peter Henry 22/4/14 who advised in a phone call on 26/6/14. Story behind the ticket. Peter Henry’s father was involved in the CFA and travelled to Ballarat for the Hose and Reel competitions that were regularly held. He was with the Warburton CFA at the time. Has badges for Geelong 1936 and Bendigo 1930, so ticket would have been in the 1930’s. Peter now lives at Linton. Attached to the sheet of A4 paper is an actual size of the ticket and a donation note.trams, tramways, tickets, esco

The historic Victorian ‘couta boat “Viator” was built by renowned boat builder J.R. Jones of Williamstown in Melbourne, between 1890 and 1920. He was one of the early builders of this design. The features of Viator - carvel planked, open cockpit, vertical stem and straight keel, single mast and a pivoting centreboard - are all characteristics of an early Bass Strait ‘couta boat. This has been confirmed by experienced Victorian ‘couta boat restorer Tim Phillips. Viator served as a ‘couta fishing boat in the Warrnambool area until the mid-1930s, then some say she served as a mail ferry across to Portland. Later it was used as a fishing and recreation boat for local families. For years Viator sat in a paddock in East Warrnambool until purchased in 1975 and donated to Flagstaff Hill. ‘COUTA BOATS - The ‘couta design for vessels is believed to have originated at Port Phillip, Victoria, for the purpose of the Barracouta (‘couta) fishing industry, being both fast and seaworthy. , The 'couta fish was an important food fish in Australian waters, supplying Melbourne with plenty of inexpensive fish. VIATORY’S OWNERS - Some of Viator’s history is known: - 1940, registered Port Fairy and owned by G.J. Richards. - 1941-1945, registered in Port Fairy and owned by Jens “Peter” Petersen. - 1950’s “Brusher” Richards of Warrnambool and Port Fairy used it for fishing. - Peter Watson and his son also went fishing in Viator. - Frank Ferrier, boat builder, was an owner (son of ‘La Bella’ hero, William Ferrier) - Arthur Rogers owned Viator too, then sold it to Terry Pridmore and Wayne Moorefield - The Viator was stored in a paddock, unused, in Fairmont Avenue, Warrnambool, where it was gradually deteriorating. - 1975 Viator was purchase at a very reasonable price from Pridmore, then donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. RESTORATION - Shipwright Erik Mikkelsen soon started restoration on the Viator after it arrived at Flagstaff Hill in 1975. In 2006 the Maritime Museums of Australia awarded a grant to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village to assist with the restoration and renovation of the Viator. Its restoration continues today in the care of Flagstaff Hill’s boat builder. J R. JONES - boat builder The photograph of the EVA MYRL shows the builder J R Jones with his team of workers. The other photograph shows a vessel built by J R Jones' son, J B Jones of Footscray, and his team of boat boulders. The photograph of the EVA MYRL was taken by E. A. Dond---. The other photograph is of the Sturrock Coot, taken a Albert Park Lake in St Kilda.The Viator is the most significant boat in the Flagstaff Hill's fleet, being the last remaining local 'couta boat and one of few existing examples of this craft. Viator received Heritage status with the Australian Maritime Museums Council and is listed on the Australian Register of Historical Vessels in 2006 (ARHV Number: HV000561). Viator was built in Victoria in the early days by renowned boat builder J.R. Jones, and sailed by fishermen for many years, both local and on the coastal waters of Victoria, and was possibly used for the mail service. It is significant for being used for the fishing trade, for government service, perhaps as a mail boat, and for recreation by local families.Vessel, the ‘Viator’, an historic Victorian ‘couta boat, handmade by renowned boat builder This J.R. Jones 'couta boat, the Viator, was built in Williamstown, c.1890-1920. The single mast vessel has a Caravel hull built from New Zealand Kauri, blackwood, with a red gum keel and a jarrah stem and stern. It has a pivoting centreboard. Two photographs are included; one of the builder with his team, the other is of his son J B Jones, with his team. Marked "Viator" Photograph 1759.2: "E. A. Dond---" (indecipherable". Handwritten on back "Grandfather / J R Jones / Built" Photograph 1759.3; sign within photograph "J B JONES / BUILDER / FOOTSCRAY", stamped in the card, bottom right " ----- / MELBOURNE" and handwritten on the back "I think this is Mr Abel Sturrock Coot Albert Park Lake"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, arhv hv000561, arthur rogers, bass strait ‘couta boat, “brusher” richards of warrnambool and port fairy, clinker hull boat, ‘couta crafted boat c 1890-1905, ‘couta fishing boat, erik mikkelsen shipwright, g.j. richards of port fairy, jens “peter” petersen, john lindsay, old mail boat, pivoting centerboard boat, peter watson, single-masted ketch, terry prodmore and wayne moorefield, vessel viator, viator a historical vessel, victorian ‘couta boat, victorian barracoota boat, warrnambool ‘couta boat, western victoria fishing boat, western victoria mail boat, hv000561, australian register of historical vessels, erik mikkelsen, j b jones, j b jones boat builder, footscray, sturrock coot, sturrock, j r jones, j r jones boat builder, williamstown, eva myrl

1. The moral lexicon of the Warlpiri people of central Australia LR Hiatt This paper discusses words that match ?Good? and ?Bad?; examples of ?Good? and ?Bad? behaviour; morality and law; and egalitarianism and dominance. It also presents a comparison with Gidjingarli (Burarra). 2. Mobs and bosses: Structures of Aboriginal sociality Patrick Mullins (Mount Druitt, NSW) A commonality of Aboriginal social organisation exists across the continent in communities as different as those from the Western Desert across to Cape York, from the towns of New South Wales and Western Australia to cities like Adelaide. This is found in the colloquial expressions ?mob? and ?boss?, which are used in widely differing contexts. Mobbing is the activity where relatedness, in the sense of social alliances, is established and affirmed by virtue of a common affiliation with place, common experience and common descent, as well as by the exchange of cash and commodities. Bossing is the activity of commanding respect by virtue of one?s capacity to bestow items of value such as ritual knowledge, nurturance, care, cash and commodities. Mobbing and bossing are best understood as structures in Giddens? sense of sets of rules and resources involved in the production of social systems, in this case social alliances. Mobbing and bossing imply a concept of a person as a being in a relationship. Attention needs to be given to the way these structures interact with institutions in the wider Australian society. 3. Recognising victims without blaming them: A moral contest? About Peter Sutton?s ?The Politics of Suffering: Indigenous Policy in Australia since the 1970s? and Gillian Cowlishaw?s replies Ma�a Ponsonnet (Universit� Paris- 8-Saint-Denis) Peter Sutton?s texts on Aboriginal violence, health and their politicisation are replied to using his methodology, and acknowledging his convincing points. Sutton rightly denounces a lack of lucidity and scientific objectivity in anthropological debates. These inadequacies impede identification of what Aboriginal groups can do to improve their situations for fear that this identification would lead to blame the victims. At the other end of the ethical spectrum, those who advocate a broader use of what I will call a ?resistance interpretation? of violence fail to recognise victims as such, on the implicit grounds that seeing victims as victims would deprive them of any agency, on the one hand, and entail blame, on the other hand. I aim to define a middle road between those views: the idea that victims should be acknowledged as such without being denied their agency and without being blamed for their own condition. This middle road allows identification of the colonisers? responsibilities in the contemporary situation of Indigenous communities in Australia, and to determine who can do what. Secondly, I show that Sutton?s texts convey, through subtle but recurrent remarks, an ideology of blame rather than a mere will to identify practical solutions. As a consequence, some of his proposals do not stand on a solid and objective causal analysis. 4. 'You would have loved her for her lore?: The letters of Daisy Bates Bob Reece (Murdoch University) Daisy Bates was once an iconic figure in Australia but her popular and academic reputation became tarnished by her retrograde views. Her credibility was also put in doubt through the exposure of her fictionalised Irish background. In more recent times, however, her ethnographic data on the Aborigines of Western Australia has been an invaluable source for Native Title claims, while her views on Aboriginal extinction, cannibalism and ?castes? are being seen as typical of her time. This article briefly reviews what has been the orthodox academic opinion of her scientific achievement before summarising what is reliably known of her early history and indicating what kind of person is revealed in the 3000 or more letters that she left behind. 5. What potential might Narrative Therapy have to assist Indigenous Australians reduce substance misuse? Violet Bacon (Curtin University of Technology) Substance misuse is associated with adverse consequences for many Australians including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Extensive research has been conducted into various intervention, treatment and prevention programs to ascertain their potential in reducing substance misuse within Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities. I explore the potential of Narrative Therapy as a counselling intervention for assisting Indigenous Australians reduce the harm associated with substance misuse. 6. Bone points from the Adelaide River, Northern Territory Sally Brockwell (University of Canberra) and Kim Akerman (Moonah) Large earth mounds located next to the vast floodplains of the lower Adelaide River, one of the major tropical rivers draining the flat coastal plains of northern Australia, contain cultural material, including bone points. The floodplains of the north underwent dynamic environmental change from extensive mangrove swamps in the mid-Holocene, through a transition phase of variable estuarine and freshwater mosaic environments, to the freshwater environment that exists today. This geomorphological framework provides a background for the interpretation of the archaeology, which spans some 4000 years. 7. A different look: Comparative rock-art recording from the Torres Strait using computer enhancement techniques Liam M Brady (Monash University) In 1888 and 1898, Cambridge University?s Alfred C Haddon made the first recording of rock-art from the Torres Strait islands using photography and sketches. Systematic recording of these same paintings and sites was carried out from 2000 to 2004 by archaeologists and Indigenous Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal communities as part of community-based rock-art recording projects. Computer enhancement techniques were used to identify differences between both sets of recordings, to reveal design elements that Haddon missed in his recordings, and to recover images recorded by Haddon that are today no longer visible to the naked eye. Using this data, preliminary observations into the antiquity of Torres Strait rock-art are noted along with recommendations for future Torres Strait region rock-art research and baseline monitoring projects. 8. Sources of bias in the Murray Black Collection: Implications for palaeopathological analysis Sarah Robertson (National Museum of Australia) The Murray Black collection of Aboriginal skeletal remains has been a mainstay of bio-anthropological research in Australia, but relatively little thought has been given to how and why this collection may differ from archaeologically obtained collections. The context in which remains were located and recovered has created bias within the sample, which was further skewed within the component of the collection sent to the Australian Institute of Anatomy, resulting in limitations for the research potential of the collection. This does not render all research on the collection unviable, but it demonstrates the importance of understanding the context of a skeletal collection when assessing its suitability for addressing specific research questions.maps, b&w photographs, colour photographs, illustrations, graphs, chartswarlpiri, sociology, daisy bates, substance abuse, narrative therapy, rock art, technology and art, murray black collection, pleistocene sites, watarrka plateau

150 years of experience and commitment. Norwegians have been producing and exporting cod liver oil for more than 1000 years. But it was not before 1645 it was reported that cod liver oil could be used to prevent and cure disease. At the end of the 18th century the first scientific article was published to support this. In the middle of the 19th century, the pharmacist Peter Möller observed that people along the west coast of Norway consuming cod liver oil regularly were rarely ill. He dedicated himself to finding out how this healthy liquid could be produced with better taste and pureness at a lower price. He developed a method of using steam to extract the oil from fresh cod livers. Based on this technological advance, the company Peter Möller was founded in 1854 in Lofoten on Norway’s arctic coast, where you find pure, cold, clean seas and high quality raw material. Peter Joachim Möller (1793-1869) At first Möller’s Cod Liver Oil was believed to be a good source of vitamin D and A, and the health benefits were associated with these vitamins. Peter Möller believed, however, that there were other significant benefits from fatty acids and other ingredients in the cod liver oil – both known and unknown. Peter Möller was dedicated to understanding more about these benefits. His dedication and commitment is clear in Möller's vision to improve people’s health by delivering the highest quality omega 3 products. Timeline 1793 Peter Möller is born in Røros, Norway 26 April. 1819 Peter Möller travels to Christiania (Oslo) and is employed by the pharmacist Frantz Peckel at the Svane chemist. He is employed on condition that he passes his pharmaceutical exam within one year. 1822 Graduated as a pharmacist with a unanimous first grade and with the award of the Professor's special satisfaction. 1842 Together with professors A. Holst and Chr. Boeck, Peter Möller participates in the commission which develops the first Norwegian Pharmacopoeia. 1853 Peter announces his method to cod liver oil works along the coast. He equips cod liver oil factories with new equipment in Lofoten, Ålesund and Kristiansund. The facility outside Ålesund is the most important for testing the method. 1854 The Peter Möller company is established as production has started at the three factories. Sales are lower than anticipated even though the quality is considerably better with the new method. The consumers of cod liver oil had been used to the fact that “good medicine must taste bad” and would not believe that the new and better quality was as healthy. Therefore, the following years are used to introduce consumers to the product, and also to convert more producers to the new method. 1869 Peter Möller dies. There are 70 cod liver oil steamers which use his steam rendering method, and 5000 barrels are produced every year. Möller’s company increases the quality by better routines for quality controls. 1870 Severin A Heyerdal, Möller’s son-in-law, assumes the leadership of the firm after Peter's death. He continues the work by improving the quality of the cod liver oil. The goal was to make it as pure and unaltered as in the liver. At this time, Möller had already started selling its product in the USA. In 1870, WH Schieffelin & Co. ("The oldest drughouse in America") was engaged by Peter Möller in the USA. 1881 Frantz Peckel Möller assumes the leadership of the Peter Möller company. He saw it as his duty to further the work on cod liver oil, and through a combination of solid scientific education and an eminent sense of the great mercantile possibilities, he made Möller’s cod liver oil the number one in the world market. 1914 The first world war leads to Möller’s bottled cod liver oil being shut out of the export market. However, domestic sales are good. 1924 The subsidiary Møystad Möller & Co. is established for bulk exports and the Association of Medicinal Cod liver oil Exporters is established in Bergen in 1925. 1925/26 The green bottles are introduced. Medicinal cod liver oil exports remain almost constant, while total Norwegian cod liver oil exports increase. 1938 The factory on the Løren grounds in Oslo, Norway is built. The factory is in the same place today. Peter Möller’s Pharmaceutical Laboratorium A/S is also established to separate out the scientific business. Investment is made in a new facility for refining and bottling veterinary cod liver oil, and increased production of industrial cod liver oil. 1940 The outbreak of the 2nd world war sees exports fall dramatically, while cod liver oil’s significance as a dietary supplement receives increased attention. Domestic sales increase strongly. 1945 After the war, medicinal cod liver oil retains its high status as an important dietary supplement in the “rebuilding" of the country. Cod liver oil becomes an ”emergency product in ravaged areas where the supply situation is difficult. Competition from other countries such as the USA, England and Iceland increases, and Norway no longer dominates the market. 1983 Möller’s cod liver oil in capsule form is launched and palatable cod liver oil is launched. 1990 Peter Möller A/S merges with Orkla Borregaard A/S (now ORKLA) 2005 Peter Möller merges with CollettPharma. The new company is called MöllerCollett. 2007 Merger between MöllerCollet and DanskDroge. The new company is called Axellus. Oval in section with a thin neck, mauve tinted clear glass bottle with text embossed on side.On side : 'P.MOLLER', 'OL JECOR', 'GADOR VER', 'CHRISTIANIA'.cod liver oil, norway, peter moller, christiana, oslo

This fence post is from the original Snowy River Station stock yards which were where "Merindah" stands today. It was probably owned by the Marshall family at the time of transfer to "Merindah" in 1985. It was lifted out by Geoff Stevenson with a bucket on a tractor in 1986. The post was originally twice the length. The Snowy River Station was established in 1842 by Peter Imlay. In 1845 the land was sold to Norman MCLeod who named the area Orbost. After financial difficulties in the 1870's the run was taken over by W.J.Clarke and known as Orbost Station.Peter Imlay established the first white settlement in 1842 settling on the eastern side of the Snowy River where the township of Orbost now stands. This settlement was the Snowy River Station. A corner post from a post and rail fence. It is possibly made of red box.. On one side are three rectangular sections cut out with a similar one on the other sides. The post is hollow and has metal staples in the sides for attaching wires.orbost-station mcleod fence-post

This veterinary equipment was found in an old walk-through dairy at Wombat Track. The instruments have been identified by Vet, Peter Honey,(9.1.2019) as instruments used to gain access to a teat cavity in a cow and to remove a blockage in the teat. They are possibly an improvised tool used c 1900-1950's.These items are representative of items used in Orbost on dairy farms in the first half of 20th century.A small set of instruments and container made of metal -possibly stainless steel. The instruments are a small spoon and two probes.On outside of container : D.C.L. SCOTCH WHISKYbistoury veterinary-equipment dairy farming

This veterinary equipment was found in a walk-through dairy at Wombat Track, Orbost. They were identified by vet, Peter Honey, (9.1.2015) as medical instruments improvised for veterinary use pre 1960's.These items are representative of items used in Orbost on dairy farms in the first half of 20th century.Three glass syringes of different sizes. All have stainless steel collars. No needles are attached. 2399.1 is the largest and is calibrated 2-20ml with EVERETT on the side. 2399.2 is calibrated 1-10cc. 2399. is calibrated 1-2cc , also 10-40ml 2399.1 : EVERETT, British made 200 C 2399.3: BRITISH MADEsyringes-everett veterinary-equipment dairy farming