Laterite refers to both a rock and a soil type that is rich in clay, as well as Iron and Aluminium. It is created during a process that is called laterization, where high heat and seasonal heavy rainfall cause there to be wet and dry periods, which over time hardens the soil into rock. Because of this, most laterite is formed between tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The iron oxide in laterite is what gives it it’s orange-red colouring. The largest religious complex in the world, Angkor Wat in Cambodia, is partially constructed of laterite, particularly its foundations, as laterite is porous and allows rainwater to drain. This specimen of laterite was collected from the Democratic Republic of Congo while it was colonised by Belgium in the 19th century. Laterite forms in many parts of the world, particularly between the tropics. It is used both for ore and as a building material, and comparing specimens from different parts of the world allows us to document the different compositions that this mineral can have when formed at different locations. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.a palm-sized solid iron-aluminium oxide mineral specimen in shades of brown, orange and greyburke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, laterite, laterite specimen, geology

Small painted side plate with scalloped gilded edge decorated with flowers and leaves in autumnal shades.A2869domestic equipment, food consumption, kitchen

Rural City of Wangaratta Collection. Wangaratta Art Show Grand Winner 1985.A landscape of a pastoral scene, painted in oil using shades o green, brown, blue, and yellow.R Paterson '85/ (bottom right corner) - GRAND WINNER 1985 -/ WANGARATTA ART SHOW/ (plaque mounted on frame)wangaratta art gallery, ross paterson, landscape, painting pastoral

Rural City of Wangaratta Collection. Wangaratta Art Show - Grand Winner 1998.A oil landscape of Lake Buffalo, painted using shades of blue, green, yellow, brown, and white.Obverse: R SYMMONS/ (bottom right corner)wangaratta art gallery, rodney symmons, landscape, painting, lake buffalo

Rural City of Wangaratta Collection. Wangaratta Art Prize Grand Winner 2000.A coastal landscape of docked boats painted in oils using shades of green, yellow, brown, and grey.Obverse: Taylor (bottom right corner)/ Grand Winner 2000/ WINTERS CLOAK MORDIALLOC/ By KEVIN A. TAYLOR/ Judge - Ms. JUDITH GARDE/ (plaque mounted on frame)wangaratta art gallery, kevin taylor, landscape, painting, coastal, boats, dock

Till collectionTHE TILL COLLECTION SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT|The significance of the Alwyn Till Collection is that Alwyn was born in Mitcham in 1921. He attended Mitcham Primary School and Box Hill Boys High School. He served his Community mainly through his activities within the Christ Church Anglican Church Mitcham. He joined the Royal Australian Airforce in World War II in September 1939. He trained as a Pilot in Australia and Canada, was posted to England and saw action in Europe. He was shot down over France and rescued by and then joined the French Resistance and while fighting with them was fatally shot. A Baron fighting with him wrote to his mother to inform her of his death.|Alwyn's parents were Evaleen Victoria Till (nee Maggs) and Sydney Norman Till who first lived in Creek Road Mitcham, before moving to 573 Whitehorse Road Mitcham. His father served in World War I where his eyesight was damaged and he was taught by the then Blind Institute in suitcase making of which we have two examples in this collection. He died in 1931. Alwyn took over responsibility for his mother and sister Alison. We can understand how devastated his mother and sister would have been at the news of Alwyn's feeling that he must serve his country in World War 11.|His letters home were so precious to them that they carefully kept all his correspondence, notices of death and condolences from friends. After Alison's death in 2007 her relation Joan Walker transcribed each of Alwyn's letters home into two bound volumes. The executors, Joan Walker and Anne Drew deposited the original letters with the Whitehorse Historical Society. Due to their significance as historical documents of one serviceman's complete correspondence with his family the Whitehorse Historical Society Committee after consultation with the donors deposited the original letters with the State Library of Victoria. The Whitehorse Historical Society retains the copies.|Alison and her mother kept many family memorabilia and personal items which make up this significant collection as they show how people lived, worked and served in the local community and municipality.|This collection represents the love and devotion of the women to their families during the course of two world wars. The father was disabled as a result of World War 1 and died an early death and a son who thereafter took on the responsibility as head of the family at an early age. This young handsome charismatic son served his community in peace time and gave his life in World War 11. This mother and sister were devoted to his memory.Cream cotton hand woven place mat with shades of orange patterns fringing on long sides.domestic items, table setting, handcrafts, weaving

Wedgewood china plate decorated with Australian native flora in shades of green, yellow, red & orange.Wedgewood DM1W A1927domestic equipment, food consumption, plates

Velour top in shades of green and purple. V-neck with short sleeves. Purple zip at back.

Pyrite also known as iron Pyrite or fools gold is an iron sulfide with a chemical formula of FeS2 and is the most abundant sulfide mineral. Its metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue give it a superficial resemblance to gold for which its nickname of Fools Gold comes from. There are a number of iron pyrite mines in Victoria and many would have been mined during Victoria's Gold Rush revolution in the 19th century. As it's lustrius yellow metallic look closely resembles gold, it is likely that it was often mistaken for gold as real gold was also often found in similar metamorphic and sedimentary rock. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these collections were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush). Collecting these specimens was an important part of Australia's early Geoplogical scientific discovery for mapping the earth's surface. It is unknown where in Victoria this specimen was mined from however; it shows strong provenance connections to Victoria's gold mining history and represents through larger economic and cultural structures the impact the Gold Rush had on Victoria during the 19th century. A solid coin-sized Pyrite crystal in black slate in shades of beige with tiny crystal structures. Pyrite / crystals / BB / in black slate / probably / victoria / (nice specimen)geology, geological specimen

CEMA Art Collection Previously located in History HouseThe painting depicts a small building surrounded by trees and shrubs. The building is completed in shades of white and grey with green window frames and door, and a pink/orange roof. Behind this is a partial view of another small building depicted in shades of pink. Surrounding the buildings are shrubs and trees of various shapes and sizes. The shrubs in the foreground are completed in various shades of green, yellow and pink. The work is unframed and glued to a piece of faded blue cardboard.Front: I. Watson '67 (yellow paint, bottom right corner) Back: Green label: Artist: Ina Watson 3 Palmer Street Portland Vic 3305 Title: Miss Beauvaise's Cottage (where Darby & Joan flat's now stand) Yellow Sticker: 3021 Yellow Sticker: 8 1999 written in pencilcema, female artists, female, women

This card contains 7 shades of brown thread for mending lisle stockings.Card with selection of different coloured mercerised threads for mending lisle stockings and "all hosiery".thread, lisle stockings, stockings

New sun shades were installed at Montmorency South Primary SchoolNews clipping, black text. montmorency south primary school

The lighting likely refers to the light shades hanging from the chapel's ceiling.Small rectangular metallic engraved plaque mounted on a wooden frameChurch Lighting / in Memory / of Miss Kimberley / Ballarat / December, 1975miss kimberley, ballarat, lighting, st peter chapel, mission to seafarers, flinders street

Malachite is a green copper carbonate hydroxide mineral and was one of the first ores used to make copper metal. Malachite has been utilised as a gemstone and sculptural material in the past as its distinctive green color does not fade when exposed to light or after long periods of time. Malachite is formed at shallow depths in the ground, in the oxidizing zone above copper deposits. The material has also been used as a pigment for painting throughout history. This particular specimen was recovered from the Burra Burra Copper Mine in Burra, South Australia. Otherwise known as the 'Monster Mine', the Burra Burra Copper Mine was first established in 1848 upon the discovery of copper deposits in 1845. Within a few short years, people from around the world migrated to Burra to lay their claim in the copper economy. By April 1848 the mine was employing over 567 people and supporting a population of 1,500 in the local township. Up until 1860, the mine was the largest metals mine in Australia, producing approximately 50,000 tonnes of copper between 1845 to its closure in 1877. The Burra Burra Mine was also famous for a number of other specimens, including; crystalline azurite, cuprite, and botryoidal and malachite.Malachite is considered a rare gemstone in that the original deposits for the stones have been depleted leaving behind very few sources. In addition, the use of Malachite as gemstones and sculptural materials remains just as popular today as they were throughout history. It is quite common to cut the stone into beads for jewellery. The fact that Malachite has such a rich colour and one that does not fade with time or when exposed to light makes it particularly rare. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A solid hand-sized copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with shades of yellow, blue, and light green throughout.geological, geological specimen, burke museum, indigo shire, malachite, malachite specimen, burra burra mine, burra, south australia, australian mines, mines, monster mine

Common Opal is a mineraloid that is non crystallising and is classed as an amorphous silicate, the chemical composition for Opal is SiO2 nH2O. Opals can develop in weathered sedimentary rock typical in arid regions where limited water enters small gaps in the rock, and the silicate is hydrated. Common opals, unlike precious opals, do not exhibit ‘play of colour’ in which the colour appears to change depending on the angle of view. While precious opals are highly valuable and cut as gemstones for jewellery, common opals can be cut into inexpensive gemstones and are also mined for various uses including as ingredients in ceramics, insulation, fillers, and abrasives. The source of this common opal specimen is unknown, but common opals are found around the world, notable deposits are found in Queensland, South Australia, New South Wales, Peru, Kenya, Nevada, Oregon, and Mexico. This common opal specimen is of historic and scientific significance due to its donation in 1868 as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria and as a typical example of uncut common opal. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A palm-sized amorphous (non-crystallising) hydrated silicate mineraloid specimen in shades of brown, orange, and white.Existing label: Common Opal / Locality unknowngeological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, common opal, opal, mineraloid, amorphous silicates, hydrated silicate

Named in 1845 by Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger cerussite takes its name from the Latin cerussa, meaning 'white lead'. When viewed under certain lighting conditions cerussite gives of fire and rainbow-like colours (due to its high dispersion) and it is quite sought after by geological collectors for this very reason. Cerussite is usually found in the oxidised zone of lead ore deposits. It is a very common weathering product of galena and other lead ore minerals. It is a secondary mineral, meaning it forms as a result of the alteration of pre-existing minerals in the Earth’s crust. The presence of lead in cerussite makes it potentially toxic. Historically, it has been an important source of lead, which has numerous industrial applications, including in batteries, construction materials, and radiation shielding. Cerussite has a crystal structure that belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system. Its crystal structure is characterized by a three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a repeating pattern. The crystal lattice of cerussite consists of interconnected lead (Pb) and carbonate (CO3) ions. This crystal structure is visible in the specimen. This specimen was found in Dundas (formerly Mount Dundas), a historical mining locality, mineral field and railway located on the western foothills of the West Coast Range in Western Tasmania. During the 1890s Dundas swelled in numbers however it is now lost in a temperate rainforest and its population is now 2. The present Dundas Extended mine, about 1.5 km east of Dundas is presently worked for specimen material.Faceted cerussite gems are considered rare and valuable, given the softness of the mineral. This item is not a faceted gem however its historical and scientific research potential give it significance; mined in an Australian township, this cerussite could shed light on the now lost history of Dundas and the mining that occurred there. Additionally, the uses of this mineral in historical industrial processes give it scientific significance. Such knowledge can add to understandings of the geographical and geological nature of Western Tasmania and allow for further study of Australian geological specimens. A small lead carbonite mineral with shades of cream, white and brown throughout, flaky shards of white at base. CERUSSITE / (lead carbonite) / Locality: Dundas, W. Tasmaniadundas, tasmania, cerussite, lead, orthorhombic, geology, minerals, mining

"Roy Jones" NX942681. Money - cream paper with shades of blue artwork. 2. Money - cream paper, coloured artwork.1. "The Japanese Government" - One shilling and palm trees. 2. Japanese characters, mountain, flowers. 50.japanese invasion money, ww2

E2127.18.1 & E2127.18.2 : Card printed on one side with a heavily decorated border in shades of brown and black text.presbyterian church of australi

Mollie Hill was a famous Welsh-born Australian watercolourist who studied at the Melbourne National Gallery Art School and is known for her 'eye for colour'. Her work features many landscapes of northern Victoria as she lived for some time in Shepparton and Wandiligong. She was also a well-known journalist. Depicted in this painting is the old council borough offices which were demolished in 1962. Rural City of Wangaratta Collection. Gift of Wangaratta Co-operative Housing Society No. 3 Ltd.A watercolour landscape of the old Wangaratta borough offices painted using shades of green, red, blue, and brown.Obverse: Mollie Hill/ (bottom right corner) PRESENTED/ TO THE BOROUGH OF WANGARATTA/ BY WANG. CO-OP. HOUSING SOCIETY/ NO. 3. LTD. IN APPRECIATION OF THE/ GENEROUS ASSISTANCE RECEIVED./ (in mounting board)wangaratta art gallery, mollie hill, watercolour, painting, landscape, borough offices

Rural City of Wangaratta Collection.An oil landscape of Lake Mokoan that has been painted using shades of blue, green, yellow, and brown.Obverse: A. D. MORRIS/ (bottom right)wangaratta art gallery, a. d. morris, ad morris, landscape, painting, lake mokoan

Wangaratta Art Gallery Collection. Acquired with the assistance of The Robert Salzer Foundation.A small hand-woven tapestry featuring a jagged line pattern in shades of blue on a ochre coloured background.tim gresham, tapestry, weaving

Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the world. It is formed by a 3d structure of silicon and oxygen. While it is a simple mineral, it can come in a variety of shapes and colours. When quartz is pure it is colourless, transparent and can appear glass-like. Better known and more rare variations of quartz include amethyst and smoky quartz. This specimen is a vein of quartz in Breccia Conglomerate. Breccia is coarse-grained clastic rock which is made up of broken rock fragments and held together by mineral cement. The locality of this specimen is unknown. While quartz is a very common mineral and does not have rarity, it is an important material in industrial settings. One of it's physical and chemical properties is that it is piezoelectric, which means it can be used to generate an electric charge. This has made it useful in the manufacturing of timekeeping devices. This specimen was donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880 among a larger collection of geological specimens. It was collected as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria which begun in 1852 as a response to the Gold Rush. Collections were distributed to organisations across Australia to encourage the further study of the scientific makeup of the Earth. A solid egg-shaped rock with a mineral vein forming a ring around the rock in shades of brown and beige.burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, 1852 geological survey of victoria, mineralogy, quartz, breccia, breccia conglomerate, conglomerate

CEMA Art Collection Noted that this work was sent by Caltex in exchange for the winner of the 1973 Caltex Prize, which was part of the Portland Art Society Art Prize. The exchanged work was a print by Greg Moncrieff. Included in the 1999 "Salvage" Exhibition at CEMA Arts Centre.The painting depicts the Sydney Opera House in shades of blue, brown and grey. In the foreground to the left is the brown roof of a building with four red chimneys. In front of these two buildings is an elevated road. Separating the road from the Opera House is a body of water (Sydney Harbour) completed in shades of cream and white. The shadow of the Opera House on the water's surface is completed in shades of blue and green. The work has a brown and gold frame with painted material mount and exposed canvas.Front: N. HEDSTROM (lower left, red paint) Back: (no inscriptions)sydney opera house, building, sydney harbour

This specimen is a copper-carbonate malachite mineral. It is often found as crystalline aggregates or crusts, which have a banded agate-like appearance while also commonly found as botryoidal clusters of radiating crystals. Malachite is often bright green in colour, with dark green and blackish blooms or stripes/bands throughout the mineral. This particular specimen was recovered from the Burra Burra Copper Mine located Burra, South Australia. By the 1860's, South Australia was known as the "Copper Kingdom" due to its large amount of copper mines and huge success in the copper mining industry. Burra Burra was no exception to this phenomena, as this mining company was greatly famous and successful, being nicknamed the "Monster Mine". It was first established in 1848 and was the largest metal mine in Australia up until 1860. This specimen is significant as it highlights the historic use and value of malachite and the rarity of the mineral. Malachite is a rare gemstone which has been used in various ways historically. It has been cut and sculpted into beads for jewellery use as its rich colour and distinct yet unique patterns have made it a well sought after gemstone. Its' continued use over time only heightens the value and significance of this mineral.A hand-sized solid copper-carbonate hydroxide mineral specimen in shades of blue, green and copper tones throughout.MALACHITE / (Copper carbonite) / Locality: Burra, South Aust. | Malachite / Burra Burra / South Australia / (good specimen) / needs a wash / BBburke museum, burke museum collection, beechworth museum, beechworth, geological specimen, geological, mineral, mineraology, copper carbonate, malachite, burra burra mine, copper mining

Squat Cloisonne bowl/vase decorated with flowers & butterflies in shades of blue,green,yellow with inside and base turquoise.ornaments, cloisonne, vase

Helen A’Beckett Read is a traditional painter who did not start her career until later in life. Her art style in Nocturne can be described as contemporary impressionism, as the use of a tonal colour palette and the style of brushstrokes are impressionistic while the style of the landscape depiction is contemporary. While Helen A’Beckett Read is an accomplished artist in her own merit, she is also a member of the famous Boyd family being the daughter of Arthur Boyd and Emma Minnie A'Beckett.ContemporaryRural City of Wangaratta Council Collection. Purchased with funds from the Wangaratta Arts Council.A landscape oil painting of a night scene painted in the traditional style using shades of blue, brown, green and yellow.Obverse: Helen Read/ 1980/wangaratta art gallery, helen a'beckett read, the boyd family, landscape, painting

Rural City of Wangaratta Collection, Wangaratta Art Prize 1976.An aerial landscape depicting the Howqua River painted in synthetic polymer in shades of green, yellow, blue, brown, and white.Obverse: R HORNE 75/ (bottom right corner)wangaratta art gallery, robert horne, landscape, painting, howqua river

Rural City of Wangaratta Collection, Wangaratta Art Prize Grand Winner 1989.A still life oil painting of objects associated with a stockman, painted in shades of brown with some details in green and yellow.Obverse: E MICHEL/ (bottom left corner) WANGARATTA ART SHOW/ GRAND WINNER 1989/ STOCKMANS OUTFIT/ BY ELLEN MICHEL/ (plaque mounted on frame)wangaratta art gallery, ellen michel, still life, stockman, painting

Rural City of Wangaratta Collection, Wangaratta Art Show Grand Winner 2007.A pastoral landscape of cows grazing beside a river, painting with oils in shades of brown, green, yellow, red, and blue.Obverse: Ross Paterson/ (bottom right corner)wangaratta art gallery, ross paterson, landscape, painting, pastoral, riverbank, cows