Diggers & Mining. Gold. (3) The thriftiness of the Chinese and their low standard of living made the whites afraid of cheap labour and eventual unemployment. (4) The rapid increase in their numbers led to a fear that the future of Victoria as a white colony was threatened. (There were about 42,000 Chinese in Victoria in 1859 - all men, comprising one in seven of the adult male population, In that year, between one-quarter and one-third of the diggers were Chinese.) Markings: 4 994.GOL. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Agfa plastic mount (blue base, white cover) with a photo of No. 18 at Gardens Loop, showing Victoria St., note Bell St. auxiliary board, not correct and door opened on wrong side. Posed photograph. Tram is in the process of being fitted with dash canopy lights and tiger strips. Roof advertisements - Whites Florist shop of 2 Sturt St. and Lancashires. Slide rescanned at 3200 dpi 24-10-2020, jpg replaced, tiff file retained. This file was scanned in 2003 and may show colour changes."BAS 9" in penciltramways, trams, gardens loop, wendouree parade, tram 18

Yields information about Ballarat Trams and streetscapes late 1950's on the Mt Pleasant route and advertising of the period.Black and white print of Ballarat 18 and 37, at the Victoria Street terminus, photographed by Wal Jack, 21/4/1962. Two copies. Tram has advertisements for "The Age", Whites Florists, Lancashire's. Both trams are showing "Special" and have the AETA tour boards on the front of the tram. Photo print courtesy of Port Dock Railway Museum, now the National Railway Museum. See worksheet 4311 for letter and details of prints sent to Bill Scott, 19/10/2001. Any photo credit to mention NRM Collection.On rear of copy 1 "SEC Ballarat / 18 & 37 / Victoria / 21/4/62 2092 / Wal Jack" Copy 2 "DAC" in ink, bottom right hand corner.trams, tramways, victoria st, terminus, tram 18, tram 37

Coloured photograph of Primary Cricket Team 1983/84. Two boys in the front row are holding cricket bats and one is wearing long gloves. They are all dressed in whites. The names of the boys are:- (Back Row) Matthew Waterson, Brett Goodwin, Brenden North, Bambos Anastasi, Shane Rodda (coach), Steven Hart, Dean McNamara, Bradley Hall, Brenden Britten, Terry Rule. (Front Row) Mark Herbert, Ashleigh Johnstone, Ricky Dresher, George Gerolemou and Gary Atherton. Names are typed on paper stuck to a piece of foam core.education, primary, golden square laurel st p.s., golden square laurel street p.s. collection - photograph primary cricket team 1983/84, matthew waterson, brett goodwin, brenden north, bambos anastasi, shane rodda, steven hart, dean mcnamara, bradley hall, brenden britten, terry rule, mark herbert, ashleigh johnstone, ricky dresher, george gerolemou, gary atherton

Yields information about Ballarat Trams and streetscapes in the early 1960's and the details of the Lydiard St railway gates from the north end.Black and white print of Ballarat 18, in Victoria Street, photographed by Wal Jack, 28/2/1962. Two copies. Tram has advertisements for "The Age", Whites Florists, Lancashire's. Tram has the destination of Gardens via Sturt St. Note the pan at the end of the overhead and "X" in front of the tram. Photo print courtesy of Port Dock Railway Museum, now the National Railway Museum. See worksheet 4311 for letter and details of prints sent to Bill Scott, 19/10/2001. Any photo credit to mention NRM Collection.On rear of copy 1"SEC Ballarat / 18 / Victoria / 28/2/62 2090 / Wal Jack" Copy 2 "DAC" in ink, bottom right hand corner.trams, tramways, victoria st, terminus, tram 18

Black and white copy of a photo of the Long Gully Methodist Cricket Team approx 1946. Eleven of the men are wearing cricket whites and three are wearing suits. One man at the front is holding a shield and two others in the front row are holding cricket bats. Donated by Alan Crossley 1985. Names of people in photo, 11010.158a are; Back Row - Colin Neyland, Reg Tyrell, Ken Harding, Stan Meredith, George Thomas, Bill Rowe, Martin Nieman, George Ellis, Noel Evans. Front Row- Max Grenfell, Jack Werry, Kack Davey, Kieth Higman, (Tim)Harold Salter.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - long gully methodist cricket team approx 1946, colin neyland, reg tyrrell, ken harding, stan meredith, george thomas, bill rowe, martin niemann, george ellis, noel evans, max grenfell, jack werry, jack davey, kieth higman, (tim) harold salter, alan crossley

Yields information about the farewell dinner for SEC Tramway employees in Ballarat following the closure of the SEC tramway system in 1971 and quotes the Union official about trammies.Newspaper clipping from the Courier, titled "Tributes paid to Tram Service", 21/9/1971 with two photos of the farewell dinner at the Wendouree Memorial Hall, Monday 20/9/1971. The official table - SEC Chairman N. White and Mrs White, SEC Branch manager - Mr I Pellas and Mrs Pellas and the Mayor Cr. Chisholm and Mrs Chisholm. Quotes Mr Whites speech and Cr. Donald of Sebastopol The second photo of the general hall. News items continued onto a second page, and quotes the Mr. Courtney about the loss of the tramways, headed "A wake", says Union Official, with some good quotes about being a trammie. In ink on the bottom of the second photo "DCKT and GMC" marked (back of heads)sec, dinner, closure, unions, trammies

Colour photograph of Ballarat No. 18 at the View Point terminus in Wendouree Parade. Photograph has the conductor (and driver?) standing by the front of the tram, after the pole has been turned. Destination sign yet to be changed from View Point. Photo shows the tram stop arrangements with painted pole, "End of Section", "Cars Stop Here" sign, timetable sign and on the back of the pole a Section insulator connection box. Tram has two roof advertisements, SEC "Electric Cooking" and the Whites Florist Sturt St. shop advertisement and a "Pay as you Enter" sign. In the background is the Macarthur St. tram line. Photo dated 6/11/1962. On Kodacolor paper."60Ed" in blue ink, date stamp 6 Nov 1962" in red ink.view point, wendouree parade, tram stops, tram 18

Surrey College was opened in early 1892 by Reverend Dr Frederick Darling who had been the first minister of the Presbyterian Church in Canterbury Road. He resigned this position to open the school which operated until 1905 with additional premises at 12 Vincent Street. The main building fronted 219-233 Union Road. The school had 40 boarders as well as day boys. Courses included algebra, euclid, history, typewriting, shorthand and drill. In the 1930s, Nethercourt Private Hospital took over the site. Later it became St Jude's Hospital. Land in front of the building was sub-divided off in the 1970s. The building is still extant as a private dwelling with York Street, Surrey Hills as the address. This is one of 3 photos donated by Susan Hobbs, whose grandfather Rev. George Edward Downton is thought to have been a student at the college. George E. Downton was born in Avoca in 1885. He was later a missionary in New Guinea and Secretary to the Australian Board of Missions in Adelaide. He died in 1926 or 1927. This photo is one of two that were originally in the Box Hill Historical Society collection. They were transferred to us in 2024. The third photo could not be located. There was also a rough family tree and notes for the Downton family with correspondence regarding the donation but this was not found.Sepia photograph on grey mount board of 15 men and boys. Eleven of the boys are dressed in whites, 5 wearing ties and 1 a bow tie, one with a boater and one with a cap. The boy seated on the right is holding a cricket bat and the boy seated on left is wearing cricket pads on his legs. There are stumps and bails in the middle of front row. Three young men are in suits and boaters with one in the back row holding items in his hands. On the right hand side of the back row is Reverend Frederick Darling, Principal of the College, who wears a top hat and tails. There is a brick building behind with windows and blinds, and some foliage and plants behind and in front of boys. "Surrey College - Surrey Hills/Principal: Rev Fredk. A Darling, Melb. Unib./Cricket Team, 1899"schools, sport, cricket, 1899, surrey hills, surrey college, rev frederick a darling, george edward downton, susan hobbs, union road, nethercourt hospital, st jude's hospital, 219-223 union road, york street, 1890-1899

Copy of a black and white photo of the Long Gully Methodist Cricket Team approx 1946. The team are wearing cricket whites. Three men are wearing dark suits. One man in the centre is holding a shield and two others are holding a cricket bat. Written on the back - L - R Back Row. Colin Neyland, Reg Tyrrell, Ken Harding, Stan Meredith, George Thomas, Bill Rowe, Martin Niemann, George Ellis, Noel Evans. Front Row L - R. Max Grenfell, Jack Werry, Jack Davey, Kieth Higman, (Tim) Harold Salter. Long Gully Methodist Cricket Team approx 1946. Donated by Alan Crossley 1985. The page with the photo and a page with the names are stapled together.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - long gully methodist cricket team approx 1946, cloin neyland, reg tyrrell, ken harding, stan meredith, george thomas bill rowe, martin nieman, george ellis, noel evans, max grenfell, jack werry, jack davey, kieth higman, (tim) harold salter, alan crossley

A time for reconciliation / Bob Hawke -- Treaty is a recipe for separatism / John Howard -- A treaty for land justice and self-determination / Janine Haines -- Why a treaty? / Galarrwuy Yunupingu -- Aborigines are Australian, too / Bob Liddle -- Fallacies weaken the case for a treaty / Geoffrey Blainey -- Why whites also need an Aboriginal treaty / Roberta Sykes -- The quest for Aboriginal sovereignty / Hugh Morgan -- Legal and constitutional considerations / Mark Cooray -- Australia as terra nullius / Peter van Hattem -- Canada: towards Aboriginal self-government? / Jean Chretien -- American Indian treaties: historic relics / Peter Samuel -- The long aftermath of Waitangi / Antomy C. Turner -- Appendix 1: The Barunga statement -- Appendix 2: Preamble to the ATSIC Bill -- Appendix 3: Press attitudes to a treaty -- Appendix 4: Aboriginal population and landmaps, b&w photographsrace relations, racism, government relations, treaties

B&W team photo of the Menzies Creek Cricket Club. Back row: Mr Horrie Willis (umpire) wearing a broad brimmed hat and waistcoat over a collarless shirt, Bill Hermon,Fred Beauchamp, Doug McLean, Wally Appleby. Middle row: Jim Norton, Gordon Willis, Bill Condon, Harold Dunham. Front row: Ernie Dunham, Jack Worrell, Edna Simmons (scorer) holding a book, Stan Hermon, Vic Bennett.The two Hermon boys are named on the photo. The team members are dressed in an assortment of cricket whites and everyday clothes. They are lined up in low scrub. Further behind is a cleared playing area, with trees beyond that. To their left are two hats on the ground. Five team members are wearing peaked caps or cricket caps.

Little owls (also known as the owl of Athena or owl of Minerva) usually prefer the warmer parts of Europe, North Africa and Asia, enjoying open country and agricultural land with high trees to swoop down upon their prey from. Their diet includes amphibians, small mammals, reptiles and insects that they also hunt from small holes in the ground. Little owls are monogamous and while they're usually solitary creatures, pairs who breed together will often stay together past breeding season. An Athene Noctua would usually be slightly smaller than this specimen. The colouring of browns and whites speckling the feathers is an accurate representation however the posture of a typical little owl would be more crouched, not so thin and tall. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Museum of Victoria (known as Museums Victoria since 1983), as well as individuals such as amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.This Athene Nuctua (The Little Owl) is dark to medium brown with white specks all over the feathers. Large white spots are located on their wings/back. This specimen has some inconsistencies with how it has been styalised by the taxidermist. The tail curls in under itself where it should be straight and flat. There are several feathers which appear disheveled on the chest, shoulder and wing. The specimen is mounted on a wooden stand with paper and metal tags attached to the legs. Swing tag: 41. / Allied to / Diurnal Owl / Catalogue page 53 / Other tag: 31 / Strix Noctua / Holland Metal tag: 4061 /taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, bird, owl, little owl, athene noctua

sepia image ( copy ) image shows 13 members of cricket team, dressed in whites, except for President, mid back row, who is dressed in a three piece suit and fob watch. On top of image ' Golden Key Social Cricket Club 1934 - 5 ' On bottom : R. Bolitho, A.L. Ellis, O.V. Bowles, (President ) J.H. Dean ( Vice-Capt ) J.S. Griffiths, D.W. Collier, J. Cook, N. Jones, W.G. Griffiths ( Capt ) H. Vine, R. Cornall, T. Jenkins, V. Vlaeminck. Sign held in front row : Golden Key Social Cricket Club 1935. On back of image ' this was Golden Key Cricket Club, home base Colliers Shoes. Played social cricket Saturday afternoons, Woodstock, Castlemaine, Strathfieldsaye.' x ref 2329 picture showing Golden Key Boot Co., printed on verandah blind.colliers, golden key cricket club, sport

Yields information about the city of Ballarat late 1940's or early 1950's through a set of photographs and has a strong association with well known photographer - Frank Hurley.Folder of postcards or photographs of the City of Ballarat, photographs by Capt. Frank Hurley, late 1940's or very early 1950's. Series of 7 colour photographs on one side and five black and whites on the other. Colour - Arch of The Avenue of Honor, Ballarat from Black Hill showing gold workings, Eureka Stockade, The Begonia Conservatory Botanic Gardens, Sturt St between Grenville St and Lydiard St, the floral clock with the Town Hall in the background, The Ballarat Hospital and Autumn in the Botanic Gardens. Has a title "City of Ballarat", with a folder tab at the top. Black and white photographs "Ballarat Monument to the Golden Age (The gold monument), Sturt St looking west from the town hall, The City Hall, Ballarat Looking NE from the City Hall with the post office in the foreground and the "The flight from Pompeii - Botanical Gardens" Printed by John Sands and Co.trams, tramways, ballarat, postcards, sturt st, town hall, floral clock, eureka, botanical gardens, hospital, post office, black hill, floral clock

The West Bendigo Cricket Club has operated for over 100 years with their home ground being the Ken Wust Oval at Quarry Hill. A Committee manages the club which plays men's competition in the Emu Valley Cricket Association and the women in the Bendigo District Cricket Association.Four black and white photographs of the West Bendigo Cricket Club who were Premiers in the Protestant Young Men's Cricket Association in Seasons 1948, 49, 50, 51. The men in the team photographs are all dressed in cricket whites with arms crossed with the exception of two batsmen who are padded and holding cricket bats. Each photograph includes the current shields and trophies. Photographs are laminated on one side. The names of the players are listed below the photographs. Players listed 1948 - 1951. BAMPTON W Rev. (President), CHISHOLM A, CHISHOLM T, CONNAUGHTON K, CRONIN R, CRONIN V (Abs), GILL E, HENDRY R, HILSON B, HOCKING N, HOCKING S, LYALL K, MOORE L, MOORE L Jnr, SLEEMAN D, SMITH K, TAYLOR J, THOMAS J, WALKER H, WALLACE A, WILLIAMS A.west bendigo, crickey, premiers

C. Glover and Sons Pty. Ltd. was founded on Brougham Street, Geelong c.1870. They operated as a wool and sheepskin storeroom situated on both sides of Brougham Street; where the current Elders building is located. The store was owned and operated by Joshua Glover with his brother Cyrus. A third brother Arthur also worked at the store. It was a very successful business and employed up to 40 men at its peak. Cyrus Glover died quite young, around 54, with his son Howard taking his place in the partnership at 23. During the Second World War the business was requisitioned by the Australian Government. Their wool was utilised to produce defence uniforms for Commonwealth personnel C. Glover and Sons was a very successful business which reluctantly closed its doors around 1975, as a result of the wool industry taking a downward turn Australia wide. It was decided by the family that this was the only option at the time. Howard Glover was Jan Glover’s (donor) father in law. Jan Glover donated these images to the National Wool Museum in 2021. Image 1 is a black and white image of a truck with 11 men standing in front. The truck is loaded with dumped bales of wool. The image is taken outside of the C. Glover and Sons' building. The reverse of the image is stamped. Image 2 is a black and white image of 2 rows of men. The first row of six men are sitting in their cricket whites. The second row of 10 men are standing in suits bar one-man 3rd from the right, who is also in his cricket whites. The image is taken on a cricket oval with the grandstand visible in the background. Image 3 is a black and white image of 12 men. The first 3 men are sitting on wool bales while the other 9 stand behind. The image shows the word 'record' spray painted on a piece of timber hanging behind the man. This is expressed in the men's faces with emotions of joy and celebration coming through. The men are standing in front of large machinery presumed to be used for wool pressing/dumping. Image 4 is a black and white image of 15 men and 5 horses in front of two large white sheds with triangular rooves. The men are all standing with the majority having their arms crossed. On the left is a cart carrying sheep skins. On the right are two smaller carts that appear to be carrying wool bales. Image 5 is a black and white image of a wool and hides storeroom. The ceiling is lined with multiple sheep skins while the floor has multiple wool bales neatly stored. In the background of the image, two men can be seen inspecting wool while sitting at a small white table. Behind this, 5 men are standing in a crowd while another man is seen to the left of the men at the table. This separate man is standing inspecting a wool bale. Image 6 is a black and white image of a wool storeroom. Numerous bales of wool can be seen open for inspection stacked semi-neatly one next to another. 6 men can be seen inspecting a bale of wool in a group. Another 5 men are present in the room performing separate duties.Image 1 Reverse. Black Stamp INTERNATION FOTO-NEWS / H. A SOETEKOUW / 52 GHERINGHAP ST., / GEELONG / PHONE X 2920 Image 2 Wording. Typed black lettering. Geelong Buyers and Brokers Cricket Team. Image 3 Wording. Blue handwriting RECORD OF PRESSING FOR ONE DAY / FORTY BALES / 1910 Image 4 Wording. Blue handwriting. 1890 Image 5 Wording. Typed black lettering. Messrs. Moss & R. Allan. / Government Sheepskin Appraisers. 1918. Image 6 Wording. Black Handwriting. C. GLOVER & SONS. APPRAISEMENT NO. 50 14/12/1944. / GOVERNMENT SHEEPSKIN APPRAISERS. MESSERS. R. BORLAND & H. V. McCALLUM / GEELONG REPRESENTATIVES. J. GLOVER & H. J. GLOVER. c. glover and sons pty. ltd, geelong 1870, brougham street, wool & sheepskin storeroom

Bendigo Weekly from Friday, 25 August, 2000. Article by James Lerk '' Discover Bendigo, occupants of the Bendigo Arcade''. From the time it opened until it was destroyed by fire in October 1974, the Bendigo Arcade had many occupants. In this article James describes some of the shops that occupied the arcade; Angelo's confectionary, Dr Albert Beischer (dental clinic), Whites jewellers, Miss Davis art needlework, Liddy Tobacconist, C.E. Welsh watchmaker, C.F. Rowart agent, Abbotts boots, Miss Spooner's coffee shop, Miss Robshaw's bookshop, Miss N. Sweeney spokestiching, Miss Wilman clothing, E.W. Ship Stationer and postcards, Ward Brothers sewing machines, British Products importers of crystal, Miss Ross milliner, A. Thomas hairdresser, Max Richardson nursery, Farren price watchmakers and jewellers, Miss O'Shannessy baby wear, Trewartha's dress materials, Miss Scobie fortune teller and George Bennetts home and hardware supplies occupied the Hargreaves Street end of the arcade. The clip is in a plastic folder.newspaper, bendigo, bendigo weekly

Photo is from Werribee District Historical Society and Susan Oliver, descendent of Lambie. Information from Alec Cameron: July 28th Alec Cameron article Late Rev James Lambie came to Melton in 1863 from Paisley, Scotland. He was married the second time. By the first marriage he had one son and two daughters. By the second marriage, one son and three daughters. The second son was Mr William John Lambie. When Rev Mr Lambie took charge of the Presbyterian church it was held in a wooden building. He was a good preacher. He and his family took great interest and commenced to form a committee to collect funds to build a new bluestone church. The collected the rent money for the building. Mr Lambie lived for several years in Melton before he went to Wyndham Church to take charge there, and the family went to live there also. The reason was that the Melton Congregation could not provide the stipend he required. He came from Wyndham on a Saturday and preached to the congregation on Sunday morning and then went back to Wyndham to continue his services in the afternoon and evening. After a few years, Rev Lambie retired from the ministry and purchased a house in South Yarra where he and Mrs Lambie died. The eldest daughter Jessie, married James Scott a teacher at the Melton School. They left Melton and while teaching near Melbourne he got his BA and other degrees. He then purchased the Warnambool College for L5000 and resided there for a number of years. His wife predeceased him. There were two sons and two daughters. He was a brother-in-law of the late Mr Lang wine and spirit merchant Collins street, who was the Mayor of the City Council. His brother Mr Robert Scott was the licensee of the hotel at the corner of Bourke and Russell St and one of Mr Scott’s daughters married Mr Smith, solicitor, a nephew of the late Mr Smith of Toolern Vale, and another one married Dr Officer of Warnambool. They went to Western Australia to reside and Mr J Scott with them. He died abour 6 years ago. Miss Lambie the second eldest daughter, married Mr Samual McDonald, JP, butcher and Clerk of Courts, Melton and late correspondent for the Bacchus Marsh Express. He also acted as the Shire Secretary for the Melton Shire, and got an auctioneer’s license while here. He then left Melton to go to Shepparton, where he became the President of the Shire and the Clerk of Courts. Before he left Melton he was presented with a purse of sovereigns from the residents. The late Mr Lethbridge, Shire, was chairman. Mr McDonald left Shepparton and went to reside at Warnambool and is still living there. He had two sons in the bank. His wife died a few months ago at Boxhill, at the nursing home of her daughter, Sister Jessie McDonald, who was peronsally invested with the Royal Red Cross by the King a Buckingham Palace, for good work done at the front in the recent Great War. Mr William John Lambie, a brother was war correspondent for the “Age”in the South African war, where he was killed. The “Age” proprietary gave a shield in his memory to be shot for the Williamstown rifle competitions, called the Lambie Shield. The last time I was speaking to Mr Donald McDonald, war correspondent for the “Argus” in South Africa he said he thought the next war would be with the whites and the blacks. He said he saw some fine looking well built blacks while he was away. It looks like his words are coming true. Portrait of Revenant James Lambiechurches, local identities

"The hated Protector" tells for the first time the real story behind the extraordinary experiences of Charles Sievwright, Assistant Aboriginal Protector from 1839-42 in what was then part of the British colony of New South Wales, but is now the Western District of the Australian state of Victoria. Sievwright, an Edinburgh-born former British army officer, lived in the bush with his young family as he tried to save the Aborigines of the District from extinction. In doing so, he would isolate himself from the rest of his fellow whites. The hated Protector tells of this process. The book should appeal to anyone interested in British colonial and Australian history, particularly in the years of first contact between British settlers and the Aborigines. More broadly, it should also appeal to anyone interested a story of one man's battle against overwhelming odds, where the price of failure was numerous deaths. It is a story of hatred, prejudice, courage, determination, and hope. In telling Sievwright's story, Lindsey Arkley draws largely on original archival material, including official reports, journals and letters, found in Melbourne, Sydney, Hobart, Edinburgh and London. Most has never before been published. The archival material is supplemented by contemporary newspaper accounts, and some oral history. Full notes are given to all sources, and the book is indexed and lavishly illustrated with drawings by Joan Bognuda, as well as about 80 paintings and samples of documents. Contents: 1. In the bush 2. "Equal and indiscriminate justice" 3. "A few doses of lead" 4. "A curse to the land" 5. "The most unpopular man" 6. Retaliation 7. A hostage debate 8. Hallucinations 9. A mass escape 10. Possessors of the soil 11. Move to Keilambete 12. Bureaucratic 13. "A hideous pandemonium" 14. Divine visitations 15. Pay backs 16. Explanations 17. A squatter on trial 18. Claptrap and deceit 19. The black cap - 20. To Mt Rouse 21. "The impending evil" 22. In the balance 23. An arrest at Mt Rouse 24. A fair moral name 25. Roger's trial 16. Intensified evidence 27. A declaration of war 28. Mr Cold Morning 29. Holding ranks 30. To rags 31. Fightback 32. Return to London 33. The inquiry 34. Judgement 35. And what remains.maps, document reproductions, b&w photographs, colour photographs, b&w illustrationscharles wightman sievwright, racial policies, british colonial history, race relations, victorian history

Darkness and a little light: ?Race? and sport in Australia Colin Tatz (AIATSIS & Australian National University) and Daryl Adair (University of Technology Sydney) Despite ?the wonderful and chaotic universe of clashing colors, temperaments and emotions, of brave deeds against odds seemingly insuperable?, sport is mixed with ?mean and shameful acts of pure skullduggery?, villainy, cowardice, depravity, rapaciousness and malice. Thus wrote celebrated American novelist Paul Gallico on the eve of the Second World War (Gallico 1938 [1988]:9-10). An acute enough observation about society in general, his farewell to sports writing also captures the ?clashing colors? in Australian sport. In this ?land of the fair go?, we look at the malice of racism in the arenas where, as custom might have it, one would least want or expect to find it. The history of the connection between sport, race and society - the long past, the recent past and the social present - is commonly dark and ugly but some light and decency are just becoming visible. Coming to terms: ?Race?, ethnicity, identity and Aboriginality in sport Colin Tatz (AIATSIS & Australian National University) Notions of genetic superiority have led to some of the world?s greatest human calamities. Just as social scientists thought that racial anthropology and biology had ended with the cataclysm of the Second World War, so some influential researchers and sports commentators have rekindled the pre-war debate about the muscular merits of ?races? in a new discipline that Nyborg (1994) calls the ?science of physicology?. The more recent realm of racial ?athletic genes?, especially within socially constructed black athletic communities, may intend no malice but this search for the keys to their success may well revive the old, discredited discourses. This critical commentary shows what can happen when some population geneticists and sports writers ignore history and when medical, biological and sporting doctrines deriving from ?race? are dislocated from any historical, geographic, cultural and social contexts. Understanding discourses about race, racism, ethnicity, otherness, identity and Aboriginality are essential if sense, or nonsense, is to be made of genetic/racial ?explanations? of sporting excellence. Between the two major wars boxing was, disproportionately, a Jewish sport; Kenyans and Ethiopians now ?own? middle- and long-distance running and Jamaicans the shorter events; South Koreans dominate women?s professional golf. This essay explores the various explanations put forward for such ?statistical domination?: genes, biochemistry, biomechanics, history, culture, social dynamics, the search for identity, alienation, need, chance, circumstances, and personal bent or aptitude. Traditional games of a timeless land: Play cultures in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities Ken Edwards (University of Southern Queensland) Sports history in Australia has focused almost entirely on modern, Eurocentric sports and has therefore largely ignored the multitude of unique pre- European games that are, or once were, played. The area of traditional games, especially those of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, is an important aspect of the cultural, social and historical experiences of Indigenous communities. These activities include customs of play that are normally not associated with European notions of competitive sport. Overall, this paper surveys research undertaken into traditional games among Indigenous Australians, as well as proposals for much needed further study in this area. Culture, ?race? and discrimination in the 1868 Aboriginal cricket tour of England David Sampson As a consequence of John Mulvaney?s important historical research, the Aboriginal cricket and performance tour of Britain in 1868 has in recent decades become established as perhaps the most famous of all public events in contact history involving Aborigines, white settlers and the British metropolis. Although recognition of its importance is welcome and significant, public commemorations of the tour have enveloped the tour in mythologies of cricket and nation. Such mythologies have obscured fundamental aspects of the tour that were inescapable racial and colonial realities of the Victorian era. This reappraisal of the tour explores the centrality of racial ideology, racial science and racial power imbalances that enabled, created and shaped the tour. By exploring beyond cricketing mythology, it restores the central importance of the spectacular performances of Aboriginal skills without which the tour would have been impossible. Such a reappraisal seeks to fully recognise the often trivialised non-cricketing expertise of all of the Aboriginal performers in 1868 for their achievement of pioneering their unique culture, skills and technologies to a mass international audience. Football, ?race? and resistance: The Darwin Football League, 1926?29 Matthew Stephen (Northern Territory Archive Service) Darwin was a diverse but deeply divided society in the early twentieth century. The Commonwealth Government introduced the Aboriginals Ordinance 1911 in the Northern Territory, instituting state surveillance, control and a racially segregated hierarchy of whites foremost, then Asians, ?Coloureds? (Aborigines and others of mixed descent) and, lastly, the so-called ?full-blood? Aborigines. Sport was important in scaffolding this stratification. Whites believed that sport was their private domain and strictly controlled non-white participation. Australian Rules football, established in Darwin from 1916, was the first sport in which ?Coloured? sportsmen challenged this domination. Football became a battleground for recognition, rights and identity for all groups. The ?Coloured? community embraced its team, Vesteys, which dominated the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL) in the 1920s. In 1926, amidst growing racial tension, the white-administered NTFL changed its constitution to exclude non-white players. In reaction, ?Coloured? and Chinese footballers formed their own competition - the Darwin Football League (DFL). The saga of that colour bar is an important chapter in Australia?s football history, yet it has faded from Darwin?s social memory and is almost unknown among historians. That picture - Nicky Winmar and the history of an image Matthew Klugman (Victoria University) and Gary Osmond (The University of Queensland) In April 1993 Australian Rules footballer Nicky Winmar responded to on-field racist abuse by lifting his jersey and pointing to his chest. The photographic image of that event is now famous as a response to racial abuse and has come to be seen as starting a movement against racism in football. The racial connotations in the image might seem a foregone conclusion: the power, appeal and dominant meaning of the photograph might appear to be self-evident. But neither the fame of the image nor its racial connotation was automatic. Through interviews with the photographers and analysis of the use of the image in the media, we explore how that picture came to be of such symbolic importance, and how it has remained something to be re-shown and emulated. Rather than analyse the image as a photograph or work of art, we uncover some of its early history and explore the debates that continue to swirl around its purpose and meaning. We also draw attention to the way the careful study of photographs might enhance the study of sport, race and racism. ?She?s not one of us?: Cathy Freeman and the place of Aboriginal people in Australian national culture Toni Bruce (University of Waikato) and Emma Wensing (Independent scholar) The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games generated a national media celebration of Aboriginal 400 metre runner Cathy Freeman. The construction of Freeman as the symbol of national reconciliation was evident in print and on television, the Internet and radio. In contrast to this celebration of Freeman, the letters to the editor sections of 11 major newspapers became sites for competing claims over what constitutes Australian identity and the place of Aboriginal people in national culture. We analyse this under-explored medium of opinion and discuss how the deep feelings evident in these letters, and the often vitriolic responses to them, illustrate some of the enduring racial tensions in Australian society. Sport, physical activity and urban Indigenous young people Alison Nelson (The University of Queensland) This paper challenges some of the commonly held assumptions and ?knowledges? about Indigenous young people and their engagement in physical activity. These include their ?natural? ability, and the use of sport as a panacea for health, education and behavioural issues. Data is presented from qualitative research undertaken with a group of 14 urban Indigenous young people with a view to ?speaking back? to these commentaries. This research draws on Critical Race Theory in order to make visible the taken-for-granted assumptions about Indigenous Australians made by the dominant white, Western culture. Multiple, shifting and complex identities were expressed in the young people?s articulation of the place and meaning of sport and physical activity in their lives. They both engaged in, and resisted, dominant Western discourses regarding representations of Indigenous people in sport. The paper gives voice to these young people in an attempt to disrupt and subvert hegemonic discourses. An unwanted corroboree: The politics of the New South Wales Aboriginal Rugby League Knockout Heidi Norman (University of Technology Sydney) The annual New South Wales Aboriginal Rugby League Knockout is so much more than a sporting event. Involving a high level of organisation, it is both a social and cultural coming together of diverse communities for a social and cultural experience considered ?bigger than Christmas?. As if the planning and logistics were not difficult enough, the rotating-venue Knockout has been beset, especially since the late 1980s and 1990s, by layers of opposition and open hostility based on ?race?: from country town newspapers, local town and shire councils, local business houses and, inevitably, the local police. A few towns have welcomed the event, seeing economic advantage and community good will for all. Commonly, the Aboriginal ?influx? of visitors and players - people perceived as ?strangers?, ?outsiders?, ?non-taxpayers? - provoked public fear about crime waves, violence and physical safety, requiring heavy policing. Without exception, these racist expectations were shown to be totally unfounded. Research report: Recent advances in digital audio recorder technology provide considerable advantages in terms of cost and portability for language workers.b&w photographs, colour photographs, tablessport and race, racism, cathy freeman, nicky winmar, rugby league, afl, athletics, cricket, digital audio recorders

Map of Main Road with listings of all properties (shops/homes) from Mount Pleasant Road through to Pryor Street from the 1930s on to about the 1970sandrew store, andrews newsagency, arthur street, babe taylor house, bakery, barbers blue gum store, blue gum, boarding house, bootmakers cottage, bottle shop, bradford butcher shop, bradford house, bradley house, brdbury house, bridge street, brooker, brougham steet, brown blacksmith, browne's grocer, bryant, burgoyne post office, burgoyne's shop, capewell butcher shop, catholic church, catholic school, chandlers lolly shop, cheddar black, chiropractor, cockcroft, commercial bank of australia, copelands chemist, copelands dairy, d. hall house, dave lyon house, david lyon house, dr cordner, dr loosli, dr r. bradbury, dudley street, eltham, eltham bakehouse, eltham courthouse, eltham fire brigade, eltham living and learning centre, eltham pre-school, eltham railway station, eltham shire office, eltham station masters house, eltham war memorial, f. collis store, feed store, fountain hotel, franklin street, gadd's blacksmith, gahan house, garnet burges, george bird grocer, gollings, grant house, harry hawker, headmaster's resience, henry street, hepburn house, hills house, isherwood house and shop, jack ryan, jack shallard, james house, jarrold cottage, jim ryan, john lyon house, kilpatrick, le brocq, leather and harness, len parsons, lock-up, lyon bros garage, main road, map, mathews house, mclean's produce store, mechanics institute, methodist church, methodist hall, milkbar, mills bootmaker, miss george, monteith house, mount pleasant road, mrs bradbury, mrs davis house, mrs jewell, mrs mbremner store, mrs morris shop, napoleon street, obelisk, panther place, peter gahan, pitt street, plumber, police residence, poultry and market garden, pryor street, railway house, rains newsagency, real estate agent, reeves general store, s. bradbury, shillinglaw cottage, staffs general store, stones mixed shop, tennis court, timber yard, w. walker, w.b. andrew corn store, warren's general store, water trough, watsons hotel, websters house, whitecloud cottage, whites general store, williams bootmaker, wingrove cottage, wingrove park, woodyard, york street, franco and co

How many matches did these men play? Away games, home games? Any remarkable runs or scores? How long had each been playing? Were they professionals or amateurs? 1961-62 brought the Blackburn Cricket Club a triple premiership winning the A Grade, C Grade and D Grade flags in addition to the Under 16s. Team Standing (L-R): George Allerton, Keith Sturgeon, George Stone, Brian Pickett, Keith Blackley, Jim Robertson, Peter Grant. Sitting: Alan Taylor, Les Reed (President), Neveille Jacobs (vc), Don Meehan (c), Stuart Walker, Allan Berry (Sec), Ken Henwood.Black and white portrait of the cricket team anf officials. cricket, a grade, blackburn, blackburn cricket club, cricket whites, 1961-62, a grade premiers, george allerton, keith sturgeon, george stone, brian pickett, keith blackley, jim robertson, peter grant, alan taylor, les reed, neveille jacobs, don meehan, stuart walker, allan berry, ken henwood

Limestone water Filter. Approx 800mm x 400mm. Three Brass labels on the outside. One contains the label 'No. 0'. Another circular plague contains the lettering. 'W.M.Whites Melbourne- Patent - Rapid Limestone Filter' . Another Contains the label ' Factory City Road, South Melbourne'. The metal tank has two brown handles and a brass tap at the base. Inside is a spherical limestone ball with a rod through the centre.W.M.Whites, City Road, South Melbourne

Black and white photo looking south along White's Shopping Centre, Mitcham Road, Mitcham - alongside Railway line. Was site of Orm White's hay and corn store and family home adjacent.whites shopping centre