A postcard with an oval photograph of Howtown Bay, Ullswater (Lake District, England) sent to the W.R. Rylah, a solicitor who lived at 31 (now 68) Charles Street in 1911. The postcard and item 2017.0079 were discovered during renovations to the house. Front: "B.B. London Series No. E70 ***" / Reverse: "Wishing you all a bright and happy Xmas + New Year, from all at "Doon", Xmas 1911." Postcard addressed to: "W.R. Rylah, Glen Mavis, [31] Charles Street, Kew".ullsworth, howtown bay, postcards, weir collection, 68 charles street - kew (vic.)

W A Comeadow was a resident of Fellows Street, Kew. A one-time councillor and mayor of Kew, he was also a horticulturalist and journalist.Spiral bound, bright plasticised floral cover. Each month with a separate page and picture. Produced and distributed by WA Comeadow.w a comeadow, calendars, melbourne town council, christian-washfold collection

Bright green paper. Black ink A4 folded twice to create a pamphlet for 1997 events and general information. pamphlet, historic sites, cultural structures and establishments

Newspaper articles. Sunday Herald Sun. Black and white photograph of Jenny Bright. wineries, shows and exhibitions

Purchased in memory of Sue Slonek, Secretary of Surrey Hills Historical Society, volunteer with the Surrey Hills Neighborhood Centre Heritage Collection (Surrey Hills historical Society Collection). A history of Canterbury Primary School written to celebrate the school's 100 year anniversary - 1908-2008A history of Canterbury Primary School written to celebrate the school's 100 year anniversary - 1908-2008canterbury primary school, primary schools, (ms) judy stewart, (mr) ian phillips, (miss) gabriela aloisio, (mrs) marjorie pitt, (miss) joan eltham, (mr) - shannon, (mr) - besant, (mrs) anne bialecki, (ms) diane western, (ms) margaret mason, (miss) hilary barr, (mrs) hilary praetz, (ms) vicki eddison, (miss) margaret kidd, (mr) don kerr, (miss) sarah pitman, (miss) linda summers, (mr) jack tanner, (miss) kate dale, (mr) strapper tanner, (ms) neva rossi, (miss) margot harris, (miss) lauren eddison, (mr) eric alway, (miss) jean alway, (miss) betty alway, (mr) thomas rule, (miss) diane fuller, (ms) barbara chapman, (ms) judy bridges, (ms) julie vango, (ms) judy pitman, (ms) joan le grand, (ms) anne lamborn, (mr) warren walsh, (ms) margaret lee, (ms) barbara gunn, (ms) christine hallman, (mr) murray haby, chris roth, (ms) sue de araugo, (ms) leslie brewer, (ms) judy jordan, sam paterson, (ms) debbie-jane andrews, (mrs) hazel young, (ms) ilse murrihy, (ms) linda summers, (mrs) georgia karatzas, (mrs) sylvia clarke, (mr) eddie clarke, (mrs) - willoughby, (mr) - hopkins, (mrs) - hopkins, (mr) graham salter, (ms) andrea thompson, (miss) - stent, (miss) - mcdonald, (mr) neville daynes, (mr) bruce margetts, (miss) doris thomas, (miss) hazel macdonald, (miss) annette mccoy, (mrs) - feldt, (miss) arwen summers, (miss) grace cameron-muller, manon merakis, terry poulton, (mr) david tolstrup, (ms) sue broadbent, (miss) florence rayment, (miss) yvonne wray, (miss) hazel jarvis, (mr) graham scott, (miss) june smith, (mrs) margaret anderson, (miss) margaret ginn, (miss) kelly jane, (mrs) patricia wion, (miss) patricia lewis, (miss) - edgoose, (mr) john merton, (ms) pauline flynn, (ms) lynne timms, (ms) marilyn taylor, (mrs) anne tonkin, (mrs) flo wilkinson, (miss) flo davies, (mr) jack hardy, (mr) john a bayford, (miss) marion greenwood-smith, (miss) - mcevitt, (miss) - ballantyne, (miss) - riseborough, (ms) (dr) kim dray, (miss) dorothy ambrose, (mrs) - lethbridge, (mrs) - le couteur, (mrs) margaret senior, (miss) margaret macgibbon, (mrs) - briggs, (mr) (major) - moloney, (mr) - poulton, (mr) adrian penniston-bird, prospect hill road, surrey hills, canterbury, canterbury road, molesworth street, highfield road, leeds street, salisbury street, (mr) patrick moloney, (mr) thomas rule, (mr) richard armitage, (mr) frank l oswell, (mr) walter g w webb, (mr) edward bright, (mr) george a allison, (mr) albert r coppin, (mr) william a lucas, (mr) alan g legg, (mr) ralph holden, (mr) dorothy ambrose, (mr) robert storey, (mr) tom neal-williams, (mr) effie miniati, (mr) geoffrey swift, (mr) - baddeley, (mrs) helen mcmillan, (miss) helen mcgibbon, (mr) don walker, (mr) howard hallo, (miss) jean cowen, (miss) felicity coleman, (miss) amanda colahan, (miss) caitlin sum, (miss) brooke webster, (miss) bridget hall, (miss) alison thompson, (mr) andrew lovitt, (mrs) barbara mihan, (miss) barbara prest, (mr) john webster, (mrs) lorna whalley, (mr) stuart margetts, (miss) elaine robinson, (mrs) nonie holman, (miss) nonie lovitt, (mr) brian webster, (mrs) alison cutter, (miss) alison horwell, (mrs) jaqueline lublin, (miss) jacqueline levy, (mrs) gilliam bell, (miss) gillian craig, pinus radiata, the secret garden, lych gate, (mr) geoff swan, talbet oaks, bedford oaks, significant trees, burgundy ash, allepo pine, golden ash, southey oaks, poulton oaks, (mr) (sgt) keith mcdowell, wattle park, (ms) caroline habgood, (mr) henry rotherham, j b cohen, (mr) (major) patrick moloney, (miss) dorothy ambrose, architects, wurundjeri william territory, (mr) - sachse, d kinnaird, builders, danks foundation, (dr) desmond gibbs, 1908, sue slonek, catherine cato, catherine charles, june smith, jenny flynn

Margaret Johnson was born and raised in the country. She came to Melbourne to attend secondary school at age eleven. She stayed with the family of her uncle, Dr Carrington, in their home / surgery still located at 174 Union Road, the Surrey Hills Medical Centre. Later, whilst waiting to commence her kindergarten training course, she met Jessie Black and they became firm friends and it was through Jessie that Margaret met Jessie’s brother and her future husband, Thorby Black. The Black family had been residents of Mont Albert for many years and Thorby was in the air force at the time. Margaret and Thorby were married at St Stephens Presbyterian Church in Surrey Hills on 1 May 1948. Her wedding dress was bought at Canns on the corner of Elizabeth Street & Flinders Lane. It was one in an exhibition held as part of a Surrey Hills Festival in the early 2000's. Like others in the exhibition, it no longer had its train and the sleeves have been shortened. Margaret recalled that after her wedding she wore it as an evening dress. Her bridesmaids’ dresses were a little unusual for the time, as they too were white and their flowers were subdued pink and blue. According to Margaret, the popular fashion was for brightly coloured dresses and bright flowers for the bridesmaids. The positioning of the garlands of flowers in their hair was also unusual. They were placed at the back so that the congregation could see them during the ceremony. Housing was in very short supply in the years following the war, so after they were married, Margaret and Thorby moved into a small flat created at Dr Carrington’s surgery. They later moved to a house built in 1926 in Black Street, Mont Albert, which continued to be Margaret’s home until her death. weddings, mrs margaret black, miss margaret johnson, mr thorby black, st stephens presbyterian church, bridal wear

William Webster married Annie Martha Chisholm in 1891. He was born in Kapunda, S A in 1858; was a teacher and died in Bright in 1941. She was born in Ararat in 1860 and died in Surrey Hills in 1926. Their 4 sons were: 1. Rupert Chisholm (b1892; d 1953; m Ethel Cross in 1916) - occupation: public servant (became assistant taxation commissioner) 2. Clarence William Willoughby (b 1895; d 1980; m Jessie Mona Stuart Grant in 1924) - occupation: solicitor. 3. Basil Thomas Ross (b 1900; d 1983; m Isabella Rodger in 1934) - occupation: clerk / salesman 4. Ian Bruce (b 1904; d 1983; m Doery Annie Breen in 1935) - occupation: dentist. The family lived in View Street, Mont Albert. Clarence served in WW1 (SERN 36844) The family had strong associations over successive generations with Surrey Hills and the Methodist Church. Mona Webster wrote the history of the Mont Albert shopping centre.A black and white photograph of a family group of a man and a woman and four young boys.william webster (mr), annie webster (mrs), annie chisholm (miss), rupert webster (mr), ruper chisholm webster (mr), ross webster (mr), basil thomas ross webster (mr), clarence webster (mr), clarence william willoghby webster (mr), bruce webster (mr), ian bruce webster (mr), mona grant (miss), jessie mona stuart grant (miss), mona webster (mrs), jessie mona stuart grant (mrs), clothing and dress

Mrs Florence Margaret Tacey (nee Edwards) was the mother of Albert Arthur Tacey. She was born in 1863; died in 1943 in Camberwell. Her husband was William Tacey born in the Buckland Valley near Bright in 1857. There were many members of the Tacey family who were butchers. Various members of the family were associated with Tacey's Butchers at 629 Canterbury Road, Surrey Hills. According to a Context P/L heritage assessment of the property the land on which the business was built "was purchased by Edward Tacey on 16 September 1889. Edward Tacey was a butcher and the Sands & MacDougall street directory indicates that a butcher’s shop had been constructed on the site and was operating by 1890. It seems that the family lived for some time at a house located next door to the shop at 627 Canterbury Road (visible on the 1909 MMBW plan, but since demolished). On 15 June 1920 Edward Tacey transferred all three blocks of land to Joseph Tacey, most likely his son * and also a butcher, who carried on business from the same premises. Joseph Tacey died on 20 February 1933, after which administration of his estate (which included the three blocks of land) passed to his widow, Mary Dorothy Tacey." Edward Tacey (1863 - 1952) was the brother of William Tacey (1857 - 1920). The property passed to Joseph Charles Tacey (1887 - 1933), his nephew and son of William, not his son. His wife was Mary Dorothy Coates. Albert Arthur Tacey was a brother of Joseph Charles Tacey. The SHNCHC has a large framed photo collage of the Tacey butcher's shop at 629 Canterbury Road. It hung in various Tacey family-owned butcher's shops around Victoria before coming back to Surrey Hills. The donor was the daughter of Albert Arthur Tacey (1902-1959). A black and white photograph of an older lady. She has greying hair, is wearing rimless glasses, pearls and a jacket over her dress.surrey hills, butchers, mrs florence margaret tacey, miss florence margaret edwards, william tacey, joseph charles tacey, albert arthur tacey

Heather Leonard wore this outfit to a Brighton Primary School fundraiser in the late 1960s. She hand painted the white platform heels to match her yellow and orange dress, and her husband Paul wore similarly bright colours with a mustard yellow and purple shirt. Heather was born in the Bayside area, initially working as a nurse and later as a yoga teacher. She and Paul lived together in Male Street for forty years until his death in 2002. Paul worked in advertising and later became a painter, mainly of Australian icons.Floor length dress (.1) of printed cotton with yellow and orange pattern, with scoop neck, short flared sleeves and zip at the back. Platform shoes (.2) with block heel. White leather, hand painted yellow and orange.heather leonard, paul leonard, brighton primary school, 1960s

Canwen Zhao was awarded the $10,000 We The Makers Acquisitive Prize for '35 Life' in 2023. Artist Statement: "35life" is a sustainable fashion project that transforms second-hand clothing materials into urban street outdoor-style products. Highlighting prominent Chinese classic red and green colours not only conveys eastern aesthetics but also adds a sense of unity to the clothing collection. The high-saturation and high-brightness full-colour palette keeps the clothing consistently "fresh," allowing any trendy colours to seamlessly integrate into the project's designs, thus extending the lifespan of the garments. Additionally, all clothing items can quickly transform into a stylish bag for convenient daily carrying and home storage. These bags are made from leftover fabric generated during the production process and serve as original packaging for sale. This approach not only reduces excessive packaging but also enhances the chances of resale in the second-hand market. The project draws inspiration from the traditional Chinese cultural concept of "huo feng ding," meaning "exchange the old for the new." it's also influenced by the designer's personal experience with health issues, making the designs suitable for individuals who can't be exposed to sunlight for extended periods, adapting to the changing urban lifestyle. 35life aims to provide visually pleasing and comfortable dressing experiences for urban dwellers who are busy with work and experience high levels of stress. Unlike traditional design patterns, this project adopts a unique design approach. It selects 3-5 pieces of raw materials based on their colours, and then disassembles them through structural lines. While retaining most of their functionality, these materials are rearranged and assembled on a flat surface before being shaped on a dress form. Subsequently, various ways of creating storage bags are derived from the initial clothing prototypes. After refining the designs, the final products are developed, and similar materials are used to create samples. Therefore, under this design methodology, even for the same garment, it is impossible to produce two identical pieces of clothing. Each garment is truly one-of-a-kind, which enhances its rarity and contributes to the longevity of the fashion pieces. The project includes various types of clothing, each with unique storage methods. This yellow look, named "elegant beach sunscreen monarch," draws its fashion inspiration from traditional Han Chinese attire and its storage concept from the Chinese cultural concept of "jiu jiu gui yi." the design employs flat pattern cutting, utilizing materials from the second-hand market such as beach towels, children's waterproof clothing, and women's dresses. Similar colours and patterns are reassembled through cutting and combining. For the sleeves, quick-drying, sun-protective sport fabric forms the base, overlaid with discarded silk fabric dyed with turmeric and plant dyes. This not only ensures functionality but also adds a sense of elegance. The length can be adjusted using drawstrings. Artist Bio: Zhao Canwen is a multidisciplinary fashion designer with a strong passion for integrating art, history, culture, and sustainable design. With over 15 years of experience in painting, she draws inspiration from ancient Chinese philosophy and aesthetics, which gives her a unique sense of beauty. After 8 years of fashion and art training, she possesses a keen insight into current trends and tends to combine art with commercial needs. Zhao's design style is diverse, characterized by a multidimensional approach, a focus on colour application, and storytelling through details.Outfit consisting of six pieces: - Orange plastic eye wear with green paint - Pair of red and green metal clip on earrings - Red beaded phone case with attached beads on string - Pair of red and green painted running shoes - Yellow and green hooded garment with red piping and zips - Brown bag with green beaded handlessustainable, fashion, we the makers, art, culture, design, chinese philosophy, prize

not recordedBright green china jug - 1/2 pint capacity1/2 PTlocal history, domestic items, crockery

This hat was worn by D. P. Bright, whilst serving in the Royal Australian Navy, presumably on the H.M.A.S. Leeuwin.Sailor's hat with removable ribbon which sits on exterior band with machine embroidered inscriptions, tied in a bow at the back. Hat is piqued, stiffened white cotton with two white eyelets on both left and right side. Dark navy band on exterior with brown leather lining on the interior, with cotton bow on interior back. On interior of hat, the hat contains a plastic lining on which there is an inscription. On either side of the inscription is a strip of beige coloured cotton lining in the shape of a semi circle (see photos).On ribbon, "H.M.A.S. LEEUWIN" On interior, "BRIGHT. D.P. HONDEN"; crossed out is the inscription "D.P. BRIGHT" Manufacturer's label reads "HILLS HATS PTY.LTD./SYDNEY N.S.W. 1972/R.A.N. 20476 6 5/8 /No./NAME/MADE IN AUSTRALIA"royal australian navy, navy, sailor, leeuwin, melville, cape leeuwin

A colour slide of a motor boat on the ocean for Operation Float. The caption says 'Bright sky and calm seas'. Operation Float was an event run by Melbourne Legacy to take Junior legatees on an outing. It could have been to naval boats such as HMAS Cerberus or to a Yacht club. It gave the junior legatees the opportunity to see a naval boat in action, spend time on the water or try sailing. Part of a set of slides that are printed on Ektachrome and discoloured to a pink tinge. The year is possibly 1961 as one slide has the date on it. Was with many other slides taken in the 1950s and 1960s. The slides have been photographed to make digital images and moved to archive quality sleeves. In many cases the original images were not well focussed and the digital image the best available.A record of outings being organised for children.Colour slide of cars collecting children in Kodak Ektachrome cardboard mount with yellow and blue print.Printed on front 'Made in USA' in blue ink. Embossed with slide number '20' in one corner. Handwritten in blue pen ' Operation Float 1961. Bright skies and calm seas'. Printed on reverse "Kodak Ektachrome Transparency / Processed by Kodak" in blue ink.operation float, junior legatee outings

George Tibbits, University of Melbourne. Faculty of Architecture, Building and Town & Regional PlanningIndex system that support the research for Beechworth : historical reconstruction / [by] George Tibbits ... [et al]Arranged by street names of BeechworthEach index card includes: street name and number of property, image of property, allotment and section number, property owners and dates of ownership, description of the property according to rate records, property floor plan with dimensions.beechworth, george tibbitsbeechworth, george tibbits

Blue cloth-bound hardcover book, worn at extremities & some loss of colour. Brightly coloured dust jacket torn at front & back. Previous hinge repair/reinforcement. Binding tight. Foxing to back & front pages. 319 pp. Good condition.Nil.australian fiction.

Stiff & Gannon was a major retail outlet and employer in Wodonga from August 1946 until 28 February 1970.Local significance as Stiff & Gannon was a major retail outlet and employer in Wodonga from the mid 1940s.Purchase order book used for accounting by Stiff & Gannon, Hardware and Grocery Merchants, Wodonga and embossed business envelopes printed in red ink.Envelope Proper Right Top corner: "STIFF & GANNON/ HARDWARE/ SPORTING GOODS/ KITCHENWARE/ THE BIG BRIGHT STORE/ WODONGA". Envelope Proper Right Lower Corner: If not delivered in 7 days please return to/ Post Office Box 146, Wodonga, Vic, 3690" business, high street wodonga, general store, stiff and gannon

Small Christmas cardTo wish you the good old wish, a happy Christmas and a bright New Year. from Leslie to Dorris. Christmas 1918. New Year 1919

Round lapel pin.Image of the map of the world, light blue oceans, bright red abstract outlines of continents. Surrounded by navy blue border with STOKE MANDEVILLE GAMES GREAT BRITAIN written in gold.stoke-mandeville games

Photographs of the 100th birthday celebrations for Mrs Katherine Ross on 21 November 1990. A photo of President John Sullivan with Mrs Ross as she cuts her 100th birthday cake. Also in the photo is a widow from the Home and Hospital Visiting Group, Vera Paydon (in bright blue dress on left). Mrs Ross' daughter Jessie is in the pale blue dress on the right. It was with a group of photos from 1990/91 in a folio with paper labels.A record of a widow reaching 100 years of age and being celebrated by Legacy.Colour photo x 8 of the 100th birthday of Mrs Ross and a yellow paper label.Paper label caption: "Mrs Ross 100th Birthday 21.11.90 / Party arranged by the Home and Hospital Visiting Group" in black type.widows, birthday, visiting group, cake

Lamson was established in Australia in 1898 with the idea for a store security money handling system being patented in the latter part of the 19th century.The practise of taking money from the counter and customer to the cashier was time consuming and cumbersome.Some bright ideas were employed including tying the money and dockets in a hankerchief and throwing it to the cashier. The first attempt to improve this was the ball system where a ball containing the cash was rolled to the cashier on an elevated track. The rapid wire system superseded this in the early 1900's and for the next 50 years it became a popular part of money handling in stores around Australia. This particular Lamson's cash carrier was installed in Youngers department store which was situated in Liebig Street. The success of Youngers store was partly responsible for the shift to Liebig St as the main commercial district. The Warrnambool Standard reported in 1901 that Younger and Co would operate on a wholly cash basis replacing incidental trades of goods such as potatoes and other farm produce.This item has strong social and historical significance. Apart from having strong links to one of Warrnambool's largest and longest running businesses, the object itself is of considerable interest with thousands of the original ball systems and Rapid Wire cash carriers being in use around the world. Cylindrical brass top with central circular part with section either side which have two small pulleys. A wooden cylindrical section slots in below with a wire clip attached at the bottom.Lamson is cast into the brass on either side of therim of the top circular section. . AUS is on the side of this same section. warrnambool,, youngers, youngers warrnambool, lamson, lamson rapid wire cash carrier, wire cash carrier

Prior to carrying out a detailed condition report of the cetacean skeletons, it is useful to have an understanding of the materials we are likely to encounter, in terms of structure and chemistry. This entry invites you to join in learning about the composition of whale bone and oil. Whale bone (Cetacean) bone is comprised of a composite structure of both an inorganic matrix of mainly hydroxylapatite (a calcium phosphate mineral), providing strength and rigidity, as well as an organic protein ‘scaffolding’ of mainly collagen, facilitating growth and repair (O’Connor 2008, CCI 2010). Collagen is also the structural protein component in cartilage between the whale vertebrae and attached to the fins of both the Killer Whale and the Dolphin. Relative proportions in the bone composition (affecting density), are linked with the feeding habits and mechanical stresses typically endured by bones of particular whale types. A Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758) skeleton (toothed) thus has a higher mineral value (~67%) than a Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus Linnaeus, 1758) (baleen) (~60%) (Turner Walker 2012). The internal structure of bone can be divided into compact and cancellous bone. In whales, load-bearing structures such as mandibles and upper limb bones (e.g. humerus, sternum) are largely composed of compact bone (Turner Walker 2012). This consists of lamella concentrically deposited around the longitudinal axis and is permeated by fluid carrying channels (O’Connor 2008). Cancellous (spongy) bone, with a highly porous angular network of trabeculae, is less stiff and thus found in whale ribs and vertebrae (Turner Walker 2012). Whale oil Whales not only carry a thick layer of fat (blubber) in the soft tissue of their body for heat insulation and as a food store while they are alive, but also hold large oil (lipid) reserves in their porous bones. Following maceration of the whale skeleton after death to remove the soft tissue, the bones retain a high lipid content (Higgs et. al 2010). Particularly bones with a spongy (porous) structure have a high capacity to hold oil-rich marrow. Comparative data of various whale species suggests the skull, particularly the cranium and mandible bones are particularly oil rich. Along the vertebral column, the lipid content is reduced, particularly in the thoracic vertebrae (~10-25%), yet greatly increases from the lumbar to the caudal vertebrae (~40-55%). The chest area (scapula, sternum and ribs) show a mid-range lipid content (~15-30%), with vertically orientated ribs being more heavily soaked lower down (Turner Walker 2012, Higgs et. al 2010). Whale oil is largely composed of triglycerides (molecules of fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule). In Arctic whales a higher proportion of unsaturated, versus saturated fatty acids make up the lipid. Unsaturated fatty acids (with double or triple carbon bonds causing chain kinks, preventing close packing (solidifying) of molecules), are more likely to be liquid (oil), versus solid (fat) at room temperature (Smith and March 2007). Objects Made From the Whaling Industry We all know that men set forth in sailing ships and risked their lives to harpoon whales on the open seas throughout the 1800s. And while Moby Dick and other tales have made whaling stories immortal, people today generally don't appreciate that the whalers were part of a well-organized industry. The ships that set out from ports in New England roamed as far as the Pacific in hunt of specific species of whales. Adventure may have been the draw for some whalers, but for the captains who owned whaling ships, and the investors which financed voyages, there was a considerable monetary payoff. The gigantic carcasses of whales were chopped and boiled down and turned into products such as the fine oil needed to lubricate increasing advanced machine tools. And beyond the oil derived from whales, even their bones, in an era before the invention of plastic, was used to make a wide variety of consumer goods. In short, whales were a valuable natural resource the same as wood, minerals, or petroleum we now pump from the ground. Oil From Whale’s Blubber Oil was the main product sought from whales, and it was used to lubricate machinery and to provide illumination by burning it in lamps. When a whale was killed, it was towed to the ship and its blubber, the thick insulating fat under its skin, would be peeled and cut from its carcass in a process known as “flensing.” The blubber was minced into chunks and boiled in large vats on board the whaling ship, producing oil. The oil taken from whale blubber was packaged in casks and transported back to the whaling ship’s home port (such as New Bedford, Massachusetts, the busiest American whaling port in the mid-1800s). From the ports it would be sold and transported across the country and would find its way into a huge variety of products. Whale oil, in addition to be used for lubrication and illumination, was also used to manufacture soaps, paint, and varnish. Whale oil was also utilized in some processes used to manufacture textiles and rope. Spermaceti, a Highly Regarded Oil A peculiar oil found in the head of the sperm whale, spermaceti, was highly prized. The oil was waxy, and was commonly used in making candles. In fact, candles made of spermaceti were considered the best in the world, producing a bright clear flame without an excess of smoke. Spermaceti was also used, distilled in liquid form, as an oil to fuel lamps. The main American whaling port, New Bedford, Massachusetts, was thus known as "The City That Lit the World." When John Adams was the ambassador to Great Britain before serving as president he recorded in his diary a conversation about spermaceti he had with the British Prime Minister William Pitt. Adams, keen to promote the New England whaling industry, was trying to convince the British to import spermaceti sold by American whalers, which the British could use to fuel street lamps. The British were not interested. In his diary, Adams wrote that he told Pitt, “the fat of the spermaceti whale gives the clearest and most beautiful flame of any substance that is known in nature, and we are surprised you prefer darkness, and consequent robberies, burglaries, and murders in your streets to receiving as a remittance our spermaceti oil.” Despite the failed sales pitch John Adams made in the late 1700s, the American whaling industry boomed in the early to mid-1800s. And spermaceti was a major component of that success. Spermaceti could be refined into a lubricant that was ideal for precision machinery. The machine tools that made the growth of industry possible in the United States were lubricated, and essentially made possible, by oil derived from spermaceti. Baleen, or "Whalebone" The bones and teeth of various species of whales were used in a number of products, many of them common implements in a 19th century household. Whales are said to have produced “the plastic of the 1800s.” The "bone" of the whale which was most commonly used wasn’t technically a bone, it was baleen, a hard material arrayed in large plates, like gigantic combs, in the mouths of some species of whales. The purpose of the baleen is to act as a sieve, catching tiny organisms in sea water, which the whale consumes as food. As baleen was tough yet flexible, it could be used in a number of practical applications. And it became commonly known as "whalebone." Perhaps the most common use of whalebone was in the manufacture of corsets, which fashionable ladies in the 1800s wore to compress their waistlines. One typical corset advertisement from the 1800s proudly proclaims, “Real Whalebone Only Used.” Whalebone was also used for collar stays, buggy whips, and toys. Its remarkable flexibility even caused it to be used as the springs in early typewriters. The comparison to plastic is apt. Think of common items which today might be made of plastic, and it's likely that similar items in the 1800s would have been made of whalebone. Baleen whales do not have teeth. But the teeth of other whales, such as the sperm whale, would be used as ivory in such products as chess pieces, piano keys, or the handles of walking sticks. Pieces of scrimshaw, or carved whale's teeth, would probably be the best remembered use of whale's teeth. However, the carved teeth were created to pass the time on whaling voyages and were never a mass production item. Their relative rarity, of course, is why genuine pieces of 19th century scrimshaw are considered to be valuable collectibles today. Reference: McNamara, Robert. "Objects Made From the Whaling Industry." ThoughtCo, Jul. 31, 2021, thoughtco.com/products-produced-from-whales-1774070.Whale bone was an important commodity, used in corsets, collar stays, buggy whips, and toys.Whale bone vertebrae. Advanced stage of calcification as indicated by deep pitting. Off white to grey.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, whales, whale bone, corsets, toys, whips, whalebone

Prior to carrying out a detailed condition report of the cetacean skeletons, it is useful to have an understanding of the materials we are likely to encounter, in terms of structure and chemistry. This entry invites you to join in learning about the composition of whale bone and oil. Whale bone (Cetacean) bone is comprised of a composite structure of both an inorganic matrix of mainly hydroxylapatite (a calcium phosphate mineral), providing strength and rigidity, as well as an organic protein ‘scaffolding’ of mainly collagen, facilitating growth and repair (O’Connor 2008, CCI 2010). Collagen is also the structural protein component in cartilage between the whale vertebrae and attached to the fins of both the Killer Whale and the Dolphin. Relative proportions in the bone composition (affecting density), are linked with the feeding habits and mechanical stresses typically endured by bones of particular whale types. A Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758) skeleton (toothed) thus has a higher mineral value (~67%) than a Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus Linnaeus, 1758) (baleen) (~60%) (Turner Walker 2012). The internal structure of bone can be divided into compact and cancellous bone. In whales, load-bearing structures such as mandibles and upper limb bones (e.g. humerus, sternum) are largely composed of compact bone (Turner Walker 2012). This consists of lamella concentrically deposited around the longitudinal axis and is permeated by fluid carrying channels (O’Connor 2008). Cancellous (spongy) bone, with a highly porous angular network of trabeculae, is less stiff and thus found in whale ribs and vertebrae (Turner Walker 2012). Whale oil Whales not only carry a thick layer of fat (blubber) in the soft tissue of their body for heat insulation and as a food store while they are alive, but also hold large oil (lipid) reserves in their porous bones. Following maceration of the whale skeleton after death to remove the soft tissue, the bones retain a high lipid content (Higgs et. al 2010). Particularly bones with a spongy (porous) structure have a high capacity to hold oil-rich marrow. Comparative data of various whale species suggests the skull, particularly the cranium and mandible bones are particularly oil rich. Along the vertebral column, the lipid content is reduced, particularly in the thoracic vertebrae (~10-25%), yet greatly increases from the lumbar to the caudal vertebrae (~40-55%). The chest area (scapula, sternum and ribs) show a mid-range lipid content (~15-30%), with vertically orientated ribs being more heavily soaked lower down (Turner Walker 2012, Higgs et. al 2010). Whale oil is largely composed of triglycerides (molecules of fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule). In Arctic whales a higher proportion of unsaturated, versus saturated fatty acids make up the lipid. Unsaturated fatty acids (with double or triple carbon bonds causing chain kinks, preventing close packing (solidifying) of molecules), are more likely to be liquid (oil), versus solid (fat) at room temperature (Smith and March 2007). Objects Made From the Whaling Industry We all know that men set forth in sailing ships and risked their lives to harpoon whales on the open seas throughout the 1800s. And while Moby Dick and other tales have made whaling stories immortal, people today generally don't appreciate that the whalers were part of a well-organized industry. The ships that set out from ports in New England roamed as far as the Pacific in hunt of specific species of whales. Adventure may have been the draw for some whalers, but for the captains who owned whaling ships, and the investors which financed voyages, there was a considerable monetary payoff. The gigantic carcasses of whales were chopped and boiled down and turned into products such as the fine oil needed to lubricate increasing advanced machine tools. And beyond the oil derived from whales, even their bones, in an era before the invention of plastic, was used to make a wide variety of consumer goods. In short, whales were a valuable natural resource the same as wood, minerals, or petroleum we now pump from the ground. Oil From Whale’s Blubber Oil was the main product sought from whales, and it was used to lubricate machinery and to provide illumination by burning it in lamps. When a whale was killed, it was towed to the ship and its blubber, the thick insulating fat under its skin, would be peeled and cut from its carcass in a process known as “flensing.” The blubber was minced into chunks and boiled in large vats on board the whaling ship, producing oil. The oil taken from whale blubber was packaged in casks and transported back to the whaling ship’s home port (such as New Bedford, Massachusetts, the busiest American whaling port in the mid-1800s). From the ports it would be sold and transported across the country and would find its way into a huge variety of products. Whale oil, in addition to be used for lubrication and illumination, was also used to manufacture soaps, paint, and varnish. Whale oil was also utilized in some processes used to manufacture textiles and rope. Spermaceti, a Highly Regarded Oil A peculiar oil found in the head of the sperm whale, spermaceti, was highly prized. The oil was waxy, and was commonly used in making candles. In fact, candles made of spermaceti were considered the best in the world, producing a bright clear flame without an excess of smoke. Spermaceti was also used, distilled in liquid form, as an oil to fuel lamps. The main American whaling port, New Bedford, Massachusetts, was thus known as "The City That Lit the World." When John Adams was the ambassador to Great Britain before serving as president he recorded in his diary a conversation about spermaceti he had with the British Prime Minister William Pitt. Adams, keen to promote the New England whaling industry, was trying to convince the British to import spermaceti sold by American whalers, which the British could use to fuel street lamps. The British were not interested. In his diary, Adams wrote that he told Pitt, “the fat of the spermaceti whale gives the clearest and most beautiful flame of any substance that is known in nature, and we are surprised you prefer darkness, and consequent robberies, burglaries, and murders in your streets to receiving as a remittance our spermaceti oil.” Despite the failed sales pitch John Adams made in the late 1700s, the American whaling industry boomed in the early to mid-1800s. And spermaceti was a major component of that success. Spermaceti could be refined into a lubricant that was ideal for precision machinery. The machine tools that made the growth of industry possible in the United States were lubricated, and essentially made possible, by oil derived from spermaceti. Whalebone The bones and teeth of various species of whales were used in a number of products, many of them common implements in a 19th century household. Whales are said to have produced “the plastic of the 1800s.” The bone of the whale which was most commonly used wasn’t technically a bone, it was baleen, a hard material arrayed in large plates, like gigantic combs, in the mouths of some species of whales. The purpose of the baleen is to act as a sieve, catching tiny organisms in sea water, which the whale consumes as food. As baleen was tough yet flexible, it could be used in a number of practical applications. And it became commonly known as whalebone. Perhaps the most common use of whalebone was in the manufacture of corsets, which fashionable ladies in the 1800s wore to compress their waistlines. One typical corset advertisement from the 1800s proudly proclaims, “Real Whalebone Only Used.” Whalebone was also used for collar stays, buggy whips, and toys. Its remarkable flexibility even caused it to be used as the springs in early typewriters. The comparison to plastic is apt. Think of common items which today might be made of plastic, and it's likely that similar items in the 1800s would have been made of whalebone. Baleen whales do not have teeth. But the teeth of other whales, such as the sperm whale, would be used as ivory in such products as chess pieces, piano keys, or the handles of walking sticks. Pieces of scrimshaw, or carved whale's teeth, would probably be the best remembered use of whale's teeth. However, the carved teeth were created to pass the time on whaling voyages and were never a mass production item. Their relative rarity, of course, is why genuine pieces of 19th century scrimshaw are considered to be valuable collectibles today. Reference: McNamara, Robert. "Objects Made From the Whaling Industry." ThoughtCo, Jul. 31, 2021, thoughtco.com/products-produced-from-whales-1774070.Whale bone during the 17th, 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries was an important industry providing an important commodity. Whales from these times provided everything from lighting & machine oils to using the animal's bones for use in corsets, collar stays, buggy whips, and many other everyday items then in use.Whale bone Vertebrae with advanced stage of calcification as indicated by deep pitting. Off white to grey.None.warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, whale bones, whale skeleton, whales, whale bone, corsets, toys, whips, whaleling industry, maritime fishing, whalebone

Prior to carrying out a detailed condition report of the cetacean skeletons, it is useful to have an understanding of the materials we are likely to encounter, in terms of structure and chemistry. This entry invites you to join in learning about the composition of whale bone and oil. Whale bone (Cetacean) bone is comprised of a composite structure of both an inorganic matrix of mainly hydroxylapatite (a calcium phosphate mineral), providing strength and rigidity, as well as an organic protein ‘scaffolding’ of mainly collagen, facilitating growth and repair (O’Connor 2008, CCI 2010). Collagen is also the structural protein component in cartilage between the whale vertebrae and attached to the fins of both the Killer Whale and the Dolphin. Relative proportions in the bone composition (affecting density), are linked with the feeding habits and mechanical stresses typically endured by bones of particular whale types. A Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758) skeleton (toothed) thus has a higher mineral value (~67%) than a Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus Linnaeus, 1758) (baleen) (~60%) (Turner Walker 2012). The internal structure of bone can be divided into compact and cancellous bone. In whales, load-bearing structures such as mandibles and upper limb bones (e.g. humerus, sternum) are largely composed of compact bone (Turner Walker 2012). This consists of lamella concentrically deposited around the longitudinal axis and is permeated by fluid carrying channels (O’Connor 2008). Cancellous (spongy) bone, with a highly porous angular network of trabeculae, is less stiff and thus found in whale ribs and vertebrae (Turner Walker 2012). Whale oil Whales not only carry a thick layer of fat (blubber) in the soft tissue of their body for heat insulation and as a food store while they are alive, but also hold large oil (lipid) reserves in their porous bones. Following maceration of the whale skeleton after death to remove the soft tissue, the bones retain a high lipid content (Higgs et. al 2010). Particularly bones with a spongy (porous) structure have a high capacity to hold oil-rich marrow. Comparative data of various whale species suggests the skull, particularly the cranium and mandible bones are particularly oil rich. Along the vertebral column, the lipid content is reduced, particularly in the thoracic vertebrae (~10-25%), yet greatly increases from the lumbar to the caudal vertebrae (~40-55%). The chest area (scapula, sternum and ribs) show a mid-range lipid content (~15-30%), with vertically orientated ribs being more heavily soaked lower down (Turner Walker 2012, Higgs et. al 2010). Whale oil is largely composed of triglycerides (molecules of fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule). In Arctic whales a higher proportion of unsaturated, versus saturated fatty acids make up the lipid. Unsaturated fatty acids (with double or triple carbon bonds causing chain kinks, preventing close packing (solidifying) of molecules), are more likely to be liquid (oil), versus solid (fat) at room temperature (Smith and March 2007). Objects Made From the Whaling Industry We all know that men set forth in sailing ships and risked their lives to harpoon whales on the open seas throughout the 1800s. And while Moby Dick and other tales have made whaling stories immortal, people today generally don't appreciate that the whalers were part of a well-organized industry. The ships that set out from ports in New England roamed as far as the Pacific in hunt of specific species of whales. Adventure may have been the draw for some whalers, but for the captains who owned whaling ships, and the investors which financed voyages, there was a considerable monetary payoff. The gigantic carcasses of whales were chopped and boiled down and turned into products such as the fine oil needed to lubricate increasing advanced machine tools. And beyond the oil derived from whales, even their bones, in an era before the invention of plastic, was used to make a wide variety of consumer goods. In short, whales were a valuable natural resource the same as wood, minerals, or petroleum we now pump from the ground. Oil From Whale’s Blubber Oil was the main product sought from whales, and it was used to lubricate machinery and to provide illumination by burning it in lamps. When a whale was killed, it was towed to the ship and its blubber, the thick insulating fat under its skin, would be peeled and cut from its carcass in a process known as “flensing.” The blubber was minced into chunks and boiled in large vats on board the whaling ship, producing oil. The oil taken from whale blubber was packaged in casks and transported back to the whaling ship’s home port (such as New Bedford, Massachusetts, the busiest American whaling port in the mid-1800s). From the ports it would be sold and transported across the country and would find its way into a huge variety of products. Whale oil, in addition to be used for lubrication and illumination, was also used to manufacture soaps, paint, and varnish. Whale oil was also utilized in some processes used to manufacture textiles and rope. Spermaceti, a Highly Regarded Oil A peculiar oil found in the head of the sperm whale, spermaceti, was highly prized. The oil was waxy, and was commonly used in making candles. In fact, candles made of spermaceti were considered the best in the world, producing a bright clear flame without an excess of smoke. Spermaceti was also used, distilled in liquid form, as an oil to fuel lamps. The main American whaling port, New Bedford, Massachusetts, was thus known as "The City That Lit the World." When John Adams was the ambassador to Great Britain before serving as president he recorded in his diary a conversation about spermaceti he had with the British Prime Minister William Pitt. Adams, keen to promote the New England whaling industry, was trying to convince the British to import spermaceti sold by American whalers, which the British could use to fuel street lamps. The British were not interested. In his diary, Adams wrote that he told Pitt, “the fat of the spermaceti whale gives the clearest and most beautiful flame of any substance that is known in nature, and we are surprised you prefer darkness, and consequent robberies, burglaries, and murders in your streets to receiving as a remittance our spermaceti oil.” Despite the failed sales pitch John Adams made in the late 1700s, the American whaling industry boomed in the early to mid-1800s. And spermaceti was a major component of that success. Spermaceti could be refined into a lubricant that was ideal for precision machinery. The machine tools that made the growth of industry possible in the United States were lubricated, and essentially made possible, by oil derived from spermaceti. Baleen, or "Whalebone" The bones and teeth of various species of whales were used in a number of products, many of them common implements in a 19th century household. Whales are said to have produced “the plastic of the 1800s.” The "bone" of the whale which was most commonly used wasn’t technically a bone, it was baleen, a hard material arrayed in large plates, like gigantic combs, in the mouths of some species of whales. The purpose of the baleen is to act as a sieve, catching tiny organisms in sea water, which the whale consumes as food. As baleen was tough yet flexible, it could be used in a number of practical applications. And it became commonly known as "whalebone." Perhaps the most common use of whalebone was in the manufacture of corsets, which fashionable ladies in the 1800s wore to compress their waistlines. One typical corset advertisement from the 1800s proudly proclaims, “Real Whalebone Only Used.” Whalebone was also used for collar stays, buggy whips, and toys. Its remarkable flexibility even caused it to be used as the springs in early typewriters. The comparison to plastic is apt. Think of common items which today might be made of plastic, and it's likely that similar items in the 1800s would have been made of whalebone. Baleen whales do not have teeth. But the teeth of other whales, such as the sperm whale, would be used as ivory in such products as chess pieces, piano keys, or the handles of walking sticks. Pieces of scrimshaw, or carved whale's teeth, would probably be the best remembered use of whale's teeth. However, the carved teeth were created to pass the time on whaling voyages and were never a mass production item. Their relative rarity, of course, is why genuine pieces of 19th century scrimshaw are considered to be valuable collectibles today. Reference: McNamara, Robert. "Objects Made From the Whaling Industry." ThoughtCo, Jul. 31, 2021, thoughtco.com/products-produced-from-whales-1774070.Whale bone during the 17th, 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries was an important industry providing an important commodity. Whales from these times provided everything from lighting & machine oils to using the animal's bones for use in corsets, collar stays, buggy whips, and many other everyday items then in use.Whale jaw bone one side, long & curved with advanced stage of calcification off white to grey.None.warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, whale bones, whale skeleton, whales, whale bone, corsets, toys, whips, whaleling industry, maritime fishing, whalebone

Postcard produced by the Rose Stereograph Co. No P 3747, showing the scene at the corner of Moorabool and Ryrie Sts Geelong. Has a tram in the far distance turning out of Malop Street along with many motor cars of the late 1940s. In the view are Bright and Hitchcocks, the T&G building, Bank of NSW, Coles, and the Amalgamated store. Also in the view is one of the Bar neon-type traffic lights that Geelong installed. The rear of the postcard notes that it is a real photograph. Yields information about the view of Moorabool St at Ryrie St.Black and white Postcard divided back, unused. On top right hand rear is "1949"tramways, trams, geelong, moorabool st, ryrie st

Postcard produced by the Rose Stereograph Co. No P 3748, showing the scene at the corner of Moorabool and Ryrie Sts Geelong. Has a tram in the far distance along with many motor cars of the late 1940s. In the view are Bright and Hitchcocks, the T&G building, Bank of NSW. The rear of the postcard notes that it is a real photograph. Based on the pencil notation on the rear of item 9059, photo dated 1949.Yields information about the view of Moorabool St at Ryrie St.Black and white Postcard divided back, unused. tramways, trams, geelong, moorabool st, ryrie st

Business card advertising Navajo Hair design and Joseph WOODS at 179 Bay Street, Port Melbourne.Brightly coloured business card/appointment card for Navano Hair Design. The card has an image of a Native American on left hand side.Thursday 12 on reversebusiness and traders - hairdressing, navajo hair design, joseph woods, bay street

Booklet - 8 pages, only 5 printed on, centre stapled - Victorian Government Act of Parliament, 1956 - "ACT 5977- discontinuance of service and dismantling of the St Kilda Bright Electric Railway which lies in the City of Brighton", dated 12 June 1956. Looks at the responsibility between the VR and City of Brighton for the dismantling of the railway, road works, payments, including the date for the discontinuance of the service. Second copy from the McComb Collection added 26-10-2016. Items 2062, 614 and 2063 within box 72.3 in a brown folder marked "Brighton Electric Street Railway" in ink on the front cover.Has the AETA stamp on the front cover and the library number "J3" in red ink., Second copy - has no stamps.trams, tramways, st kilda brighton, victorian railways, closure, dismantling, city of brighton, road works