This is a photo of Delley's house. For further information see "Bridging The Gap" p13-14,17,22,54. This photo is an enlargement of a portion of Record 531.Photo shows old house. The roof is constructed of wooden slats held down by pieces of what appears to be fluming. There are two chimneys and the lower half of the house is obscured by a stick fence and undergrowth. There is a large tree in the foreground and another in the far right background. The house is surrounded by bush.buildings, houses

This house belonged to Walter Zumstein of the Zumsteins area. The house was burnt down in 1938. Photo was taken by Stan Parfett whose own family camped in the Zumstein area and knew Mr and Mrs Zumstein personally. c1920's This is an photocopied enlargement from a photocopied magazine article, Victoria's Heritage (see item 637)A house with veranda. A chimney (stone?) protrudes from roof at front. cleared land in foreground with old style wooden fence visible. A tank and stand situated beside house at front. Thick trees /Bush behind house.House Burnt 1938. Walter Zumstein's house. Photo by Stan Parfett. written on back.buildings, houses

Black and white photograph of deep snow covering the ground. There is a large tree and a few houses behind a wooden fence in the background.

Red Ensign 1801 design. - The British red ensign was altered in 1801 to include the change to the design of the Union Jack. British legislation required, with a few exceptions, that all merchant shipping throughout the British Empire fly the British Red Ensign, without any defacement or modification. The ensign is sometimes referred to as the red duster. The Royal Navy stopped using the Red Ensign in 1864. This red ensign was used by the Surgeons of the Kyneton District Mounted Rifles to indicate their location. The Banner is a large red ensign mounted on a 10 foot long polished wooden pike. The Banner was used by the Kyneton District Mounted Rifles, later The Royal Volunteer Cavalry Regiment (Prince of Wales Hussars), then Prince of Wales Victorian Light Horse, ancestor units of the modern day 4th /19th Prince of Wales’s Light Horse Regiment. In the binding is the inscription ‘Kyneton Prince of Wales Light Horse’ and three names: Surg-Major S Smith MRSLE, Dr McMillan, and Maj Thirkettle. These surgeons played a significant role in the military and civil affairs of Kyneton. Dr McMillan Dr McMillan was the first surgeon but left KPWLH 2-3 months after its formation and little else is known of him. Surgeon-Major Samuel Smith 1836 Born, Scotland 1857 Surgeon to the Hon. Hudson Bay Company. Ship “Prince Arthur” from London to Moose Fort, Hudson Bay. June 13 – Aug. 24 1857. 1858 Appointed Medical Officer of large immigrant ship to Port Phillip 1859 Appointed Assistant District Coroner, Castlemaine 1859 Appointed to Castlemaine Hospital 1862 Appointed first resident surgeon and manager of Kyneton Hospital Foundation member of Kyneton District Mounted Rifles 1874 Appointed Surgeon-Major Kyneton Volunteer Prince of Wales Light Horse Conducted a private practice in Kyneton. 1909 Died 8 November 1909, aged 73 years Samuel Smith was a Life Governor of Castlemaine Benevolent Asylum, a member of St Andrews Presbyterian Church, a Mark Master Mason of the Edward Coulson Lodge No 17, Kyneton. He also had a notable collection of stuffed native birds and animals of which he had great knowledge. Major Thirkettle 1855 Major Thirkettle arrived in Kyneton Established a timber merchant and ironmongery business in Kyneton with Robert Burton. 1857 By 1857 he was practising as an architect. His house is still standing in Yaldwin St, West Kyneton. 1860 Joined the Prince of Wales Light Horse 1863 Joined Rifle Volunteers and appointed Captain. On their disbandment he was made Honorary Major. 1864 Won Queen’s prize for rifle shooting. Major Thirkettle was noted for his skill with woodwork. He won many prizes and orders of merit for his models of yachts It is believed likely that he made the wooden pike with its metal head (now missing). He was Tyler of the Zetland Lodge, also Secretary of the MUIOOF and Bowling Club. 1904 Died in Kyneton, aged 75 years Protection for medical services The Surgeons’ Banner indicated the location of the Regimental Aid Post. The use of this device in the 1860’s overlapped the adoption of the Red Cross which became the symbol for the protection of sick and wounded soldiers. In 1864 twelve European nations signed a treaty stating that in future wars they would care for all sick and wounded military personnel, regardless of nationality. They would also recognise the neutrality of medical personnel, hospitals and ambulances identified by the emblem of a red cross on a white background. The treaty was called the Geneva Convention. This Convention was concerned only with soldiers wounded on the battlefield. Over the years, however, it has been expanded to cover everyone caught up in conflicts but not actually taking an active part in the fighting. The Surgeons’ Banner complements the Colours of the Kyneton District Mounted Rifles, also held by the Unit History Room, in presenting the colonial period of the Regiment’s history. Provenance It is believed that the Banner was manufactured in Britain and brought to Australia by Samuel Smith. After the disbanding of Colonial units, the Banner was in the care of the Shire of Kyneton until presented to the 4/19 Prince of Wales’s Light Horse Regiment on 14 September 1986 on the occasion of the Regiment exercising its right of freedom of entry to the city. There are many examples of Regimental and King’s/Queen’s Colours held by various organisations. However A Surgeons’ Banner such as this is rare, if not unique, in Australia. A large red ensign, post 1801 design. - The British red ensign was altered in 1801 to include the change to the design of the Union Jack. British legislation required, with a few exceptions, that all merchant shipping throughout the British Empire fly the British Red Ensign, without any defacement or modification. The ensign is sometimes referred to as the red duster. The Royal Navy stopped using the Red Ensign in 1864. On the binding is the inscription: "Kyneton Prince of Wales Light Horse", and three names - Surgeon Major S Smith MRSLE Dr McMillan Major Thirkettlekyneton district mounted rifles, heraldry, red ensign, surgeons banner

High Significance. A Unit flag proclaiming to anyone approaching RHQ's location that this is the 4th Light Horse. Anyone who was famliar with the Colour Patch system of the Australian Imperial Force, would know from observing the flag that this unit is the 4th Light Horse Regt.4th Light Horse Regiment , "Two Blues" Flag, diagonally divided from upper left to lower right corner, light blue top, dark blue lower. 200 x 90 mm gold rising sun badge in centre. Rising Sun is likely to have been hand embroidered.. A wooden securing toggle is attached to the flag. Not anyflag, 4th light horse

The King family lived in Tawonga South where my older brother and sister went to school. We lived over the road from Wally Madison's farm. Later when a house became available, we moved into Valley Avenue, Mt Beauty. This is when I turned 5 and started my schooling. It was a long walk for a 5 year old as I remember. Then later we moved to 50 Lakeside Ave. I remember we loved living there as it was close to the school, footy ground and kindergarten. My father, Ted King, wad a carpenter and was involved in the building of many houses in Mt Beauty which was the home for the workers on the Kiewa Electric Scheme. So as they are part of the history of Mt Beauty I thought they may be useful to you as part of the history. The tennis photos, I vaguely remember Lou Hoad and Ken Rosewell giving exhibition matches in Mt Beauty. I may stand corrected on this, but I do remember my parents who were keen tennis players themselves were most excited at seeing these famous tennis players. As I was only 9 when we left Mt Beauty to live in Dimboola I still remember the shock of leaving a beautiful mountainous county side and arriving in a flat farming land next to a desert and seeing windmills One thing I do remember from school is, once a week (or fortnight) the teacher used to come around with a jar of little white pills, of which we were all to take. I really don't know what they were?? or for?? I also remember being taught to swim in the freezing cold river by a Mrs Smith who wore black bathers and wore her hair in a bun...... ...I am now in my 70s My father used to also carve intricate trays and jewellery boxes in his spare time. I think they were used for tennis trophies. by Diane Werner.x33 photos of small black and white photos of the Tawonga, Tawonga South and Mt Beauty - Photos not labelled but described as follows. See each photo for a possible label. A. Tawonga? B. Mt Beauty taken on the road to Bogong ? C. SEC Works D. Industrial buildings with mountains in the background E. Building site with wooden frame and 3 men F. Buildings with power poles G. Building site with lots of huts H. Buildings under construction I. Group of houses in the distance J. Group of houses in the distance K. Group of people in front of a building L. Group of 8 men sitting on timber planks, corrugated iron at back. M.& N. Building site with floor and upright timbers O. Mountain view with camp site in foreground P.& Q. Buiding site, several houses R.5 men at a building site S. portable building on trailer T & U. Mountain view V. Building site W. Group of men, car and mountains in background X. Cows Y. Pigs Z. 2 men standing next to cars. AA. Football players BB. Man painting a corrugated iron building CC. Football DD. Men in front of a building EE Buildings with mountains in background FF & GG Tennis payersHH & II. Electricity infrastructure

Schools divided the children / students into houses for internal sports competition. The students' team and their participation was rewarded by acknowledgment on a shield or trophy.This trophy was for Mt Beauty Primary School sports during the 1950s and 1960s. It was sponsored by the Mt Beauty School Mothers' Club indicating that the parents supported the sports. During this time, the 1950s and 1960s Mothers' Clubs existed and supported the schools. Later they became Parents Clubs and later still struggled to exist at all as both parents went to work.Wooden shield with banner (silver plated) across the top. Central round silver plated medallion which is surrounded by 4 small medallions. Timber is stained with a darker stain around the edges. There are eyelets and wire for hanging attached to the back.The Banner: "Mount Beauty School 4644" Central Medallion: "Mothers' Club / Shield / for / House Competition / 1951" The small medallions: have house colour and year eg. "Blue / 1968"school sports, mount beauty school sports, mother clubs

This type of butter churn was used around the early to mid 20 century by household and small farms of the Kiewa Valley who kept cows for Milk. The buy product of the milk was cream and butter. Once the cows had been milked, often by hand, women would place the milk in shallow dish, and next morning the cream would be separated from the milk. Or a cream separator machine would be used. The cream would then be churned by the paddles in the butter churner until it formed in butter clumps. Butter Pats would be used to take the butter out and press into triangle butter blocksThis butter churner is significant due to its historical value which explains how butter was made by hand before this process became mechanistically made. Many houses or small farms in the Kiewa Valley had these butter churns to make their own butter for their household or to sell. This has very good interpretation significance as it adds to the history of dairy industry in the Kiewa Valley. Wooden box with a metal handle for turning the blades /paddles /slats inside the box.These blades churn the cream when the handle is turned. There is also a wooden handle and a wooden lid.butter, dairy, milk, manual, domestic, item, food, preparation, dairying, technology

Oral history interview with Jock Read (1915- 2010) conducted by Diana Bassett-Smith of Eltham District Historical Society. Peter Bassett-Smith and possibly Gwen Orford also in attendance. The interview includes discussion of Jock's family history and connection to Eltham, including his attendance at Eltham State School starting 1921, childhood memories including games he played, memories of Eltham High School, recreational activities, milking, money earned, local transport, neighbours, effect of the Depression, local shops, involvement with the Church of England and more. Recording contains significant amount of noise. 0:00 Introduction including the clarification of Jock's name as Frances and backstory of his parents being from England 3:15- 5:00 Commences talking about home life and childhood 3:38 Talking about family immigrating to Australia His father immigrated to Australia when he was 6 4:05 Jock was born in and lived with his parents in Brunswick before moving to Eltham during the 1920s 4:55-7:44 Permanently moved to Eltham and started at Eltham Primary School in 1921 Talking about books used at school, and games played at school such as marbles, cricket and football 8:45 Moved into Eltham High School after finishing at Eltham Primary 9:50 Week and weekend activities including: Milking cows and doing milk runs on horseback before school 13:15 Most common mode of transport was using horse drawn vehicles and walking 14:50 Discusses impact of depression on family: Father had previously started a business but the depression had a large impact on that 16:10-18:00 Facilities that Jock had • Used hurricane lamps and candles- no electricity • Woodfire • Milk and bread were delivered • Greengrocer- George Bird? 25:22 Left Eltham high school in 1930 26:00 Begins discussing involvement with the church of England 31:46 Electricity did not come to Eltham until 1926 Jock described it as an exciting event 33:00-34:00 Describing the rented house, he was living in- small wooden cottage 35:00 Discussion around starting a mail run round areas of Eltham 38:40-42:35 Enlisted in the navy during WW2 • Navel cadets in 1934 • HMAS Vampire • Served as a seaman gunner Audio Compact Cassette Tape ACME C90 XHG Converted to MP3 file; 55.1MB, 0:42:35audio cassette, audio recording, diana bassett-smith, eltham, jock read, oral history, read family, elham primary school, eltham high school, eltham primary school, 1920s, brunswick, depression, church, st margaret's church, housing, ww2, second world war

Spoke shaves were used by woodmakers to shape curved surfaces (originally wheel spokes). These two spoke shaves belonged to Ernest Phillips of Warrnambool who would have used them to shape the surfaces of chair and table legs etc. Ernest Brighton Phillips (1875-1924) was the son of Henry Phillips (a hay and corn dealer in Warrnambool) and his wife, Emma. He learned cabinet making at the Box Works in Warrnambool and in the late 19th century established a furniture-making and selling business at the corner of Liebig and Koroit Streets. By the early 20th century he had the largest furniture warehouse and factory in Victoria outside Melbourne and sold his products all over Australia. He and his family lived at ‘Heatherlie’ in Koroit Street and after his death this Phillips house was acquired by the Methodist Church and the Heatherlie Homes for retired people were built on this site.These tools are of considerable significance as they were used by Ernest Phillips, a prominent businessman in Warrnambool during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These are two spoke shaves - small planes, slightly curved, with wooden handles and a metal blade in the middle. The blade is attached to the handles via metal ends which go through holes in the wood. The blade area is strengthened with metal plates attached by metal screws. The metal parts are well-rusted and the handles are somewhat worn. ‘E. Phillips’ etched into wood on each spoke shave.ernest phillips, history of warrnambool

Bridge across the Yarra River which links North Warrandyte and Warrandyte. A house sits prominantly on a hill in the distance. A wooden building on the side of the road before the bridge has advertising for Wardrop Tailor, Smith Street, Collingwood. It is suggested that the photo has had this fake information added at a later date. Wardrop Tailor did operate from about 1915 to 1921. Alternataive title: Warrandyte Bridge - River Yarra. "Wardrop-Tailor, Smith St. C'wood" sign - faked?This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.Digital imagesepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, warrandyte, bridge, north warrandyte, yarra river, wardrop tailor, collingwood

wooden shield shaped plaque with seven small shields unnamed On banner shaped at top.P.S 2997 Ringwood Annual House Competition String on back for hangingP.S 2997 Ringwood Annual House Competition

Heathmont Primary School merged with Ringwood Primary School and Southwood Primary School in 1997.wooden shield shaped plaque with 21 small shields all named. At top rectangular label Heathmont Primary School. Down left side eight plaques with School Captains names 1990-1997. Down right side Citizenship Awards 1989-1996. One blank label 1997P.S 2997 Ringwood Annual House Competition

wooden shield shaped plaque with 13 small plaques, five used. Central circular plaque, one banner shape and one crest.A.J.Mc Linley House Plaque

Used for three years house sports at SouthwoodRectanglular wooden board with 30 metal plaques 24 blank rectangular plaque with Southwood Primary School House Sports inscribed on it on top.. Wire on back for hanging.Southwood Primary School House Sports

SS0261 is the covering letter from Beth Little, dated 31/3/1969, which states: "Please fined enclosed the photographs I took of Landy's 80 yr. old home which was moved just before last Christmas to another site on their estate...it was built by some people by the name of Patterson and originally included the Byways Estate and other land which extended up to about Lillis Crt. The land known as Byways Estate was sold off to a Mr Best by a later owner so far as I can find out.." Written on back of photographs: SS0261a:From about where the feed shed was. SS0261b:Looking up driveway towards the east. Landys home (formerly Patersons). Byways estate area (East Ringwood) SS0261c:Eastern side of house (officially the front). SS0261d:Stable and feed shed now demolished. Wooden tank on right-hand side. SS0261e:Southern side. Well to left of far end of house wall

A colourful sampler worked in Scotland about 1820 by Ursula Blair, who was only 12 years old. Donated from the estate of Elsie Cooke. Elsie Cooke lived all her life in Gippsland,. She was born at Brodribb in 1895 and died in 1970, Elsie Cooke lived at Bruthen for a short time and, in 1937, moved to live with her aunt, Miss Jean Munro. Miss Cooke was Librarian at the Mechanics Institute for many years. Kindness and consideration for other were Miss Cooke’s attributes and she endeared herself to all who knew her. She was a loyal member of the Presbyterian Church and a stalwart of the Ladies’ Guild, an energetic worker for the Municipal Auxiliary and a member of the Red Cross. The Blair connection is from the Munro family -maternal side.This item shows the needlework skills which were being taught to young girls in preparation for their duties as wives.A colourful sampler showing numbers and letters, a house and garden in plain gold/brown frame. Sampler is in a wooden frame with glass front.sampler handcrafts needlework

Newspaper found inside frame backing dated Tues, Nov,12 1918. Harry French was a well known architect in Bairnsdale for over 40 years. Harry French of Bairnsdale was A. J. Macdonald's supervising architect for Bairnsdale Court House built in 1893.This drawing is significant for its connection to the Brodribb family. The architect, Harry French, was a well-known Bairnsdale architect. Maize has been a major crop in the Orbost district since the late 19th century.Graphic illustration of Mr H Brodribb's maize shelter to half inch scale. In glass with wooden frame.H French A-R-V-I-A- Bairnsdale 6-8-1918drawing civil-engineering drafting rural-industry agriculture maize brodribb

Used at Orbost Hospital where it was used for testing the temperature of bath water. It was donated to Orbost Historical Society in 1991. This is a floating bath thermometer made in Germany for the British market.This item is associated with Orbost Hospital and is an example of an early medical instrument.A glass tubed thermometer in a wooden case with temperatures for bath water written on it. Has a red "Orbost" label glued to it indicating that it was used at Orbost Hospital. The thermometer is housed inside a wooden frame that is stoppered with a cork at the base. It is in degrees Fahrenheit and includes water and spirit boiling temperatures, as well as hot, warm, tepid and freezing points. Can be hung.Made in Germany. Dr Forbes specifications.thermometer-medical

This roughing plane was used by Peter Jensen who came to Martin's Creek (35 miles north of Orbost) in 1890 having been told that Martin's Creek would be on the railway line. He was a cooper who made the casks from silver wattles. He cleared the area for farming and then built an accommodation house, Danebo.Ths item is an example of a woodworking tool used in the late 19th to early 20th century.Large smooth wooden roughing plane. It is curved and has a large metal blade. roughing-plane tool jensen-peter

Likely used by the Jensen family who were early settlers in the Martin's Creek area, 35 miles north of Orbost, along the Bonang - Orbost Road in c. 1890. Peter Jensen came from Denmark. A flat iron blade, sharpened on the bottom and attached to a wooden handle. The blade has a pointed end.BRADES CO.shingle-making roofing-shingles house-construction

Snowy River Shipping Company formed in 1880. They were soon shipping produce (mainly vegetables) from the area to Melbourne. The Snowy River Shipping Company was formed by Mr Henry James during the 1880s, with Captain McNeil as master. Captain McNeil was an always cheerful Marlo identity and local children had many times sailing with him on the river. Captain McNeil with tug went out through the entrance and brought in the schooners.This photograph is associated with an early Marlo identity.A black / white photograph of five people, three men and two women, standing in front of a wooden cottage. The man on the left is wearing what appears to be a ship's captain's uniform.on back - "Capt. McNeil in front of house, Marlo, July 1897"

These photographs were probably taken in the late 1940s - mid 1950s. 3275.1 was taken at the roundabout in Nicholson Street / Salisbury Street intersection looking south. On the right is the The Commonwealth Hotel and the Gippsland Northern Store can be seen on the right. The war memorial can be seen in the centre of the intersection. 3275.2 has been taken from a height (possibly from behind the hardware store) overlooking Orbost House in McLeod Street. The butter factory can be seen in the background. Back yard toilets and paling fences can be seen with a narrow lane for the sanitary truck. Mrs Ruth Hannah Macalister, 1861-1932, established “Orbost House” as a boarding house in about 1900. Following her demise “Orbost House” was taken over by her son, “Reg” and his wife and they continued the Macalister family‟s association until the accommodation house was purchased by “Slim” and Eileen Somerville and Lindsay and Joan Jensen, in partnership, in 1963. (info. from Marilyn Morgan)These photographs are detailed pictorial records of Orbost in the mid 20th century. They show the objects in their spatial context with detail.Two coloured photographs. 3275.1 is a streetscape with a large hotel on the right, a main shopping area in the background and a wooden fence on the left. 3275,2 is overlooking backyards and fences. In the middle is an extensive red roof with "ORBOST HOUSE" in white print.on back - 1948-1954orbost-1950s orbost-house commonwealth-hotel

This photograph was taken on 14.4.2004 at the time of the visit to Orbost by the Governor of Victoria, John Landy.The Orbost Visitor Information Centre is situated in Forest Park on Nicholson Street. The centre is housed in the historic Slab Hut. The hut was an original family dwelling built in 1872, on a site approximately three kilometres upstream from the junction of the Buchan and Snowy Rivers. The Slab Hut is an Orbost Icon. It supports one part time manager and a team of dedicated volunteers.A coloured photograph in a wooden frame. A group of people stand in front of the Slab Hut (Orbost Information Centre) .On frame - NATURAL FEATURED HARDWOOD MADE BY 20.12.98 W. ASHLYN MARLO VIC.slab-hut-committee photograph

William Garnet Macalister's parents, Thomas Mewburn and Ruth Hannah Macalister, owned and operated "Orbost House". William Garnet Macalister was born at Bairnsdale in 1884 and at Sale, aged 72, in 1958. He operated a line of coaches conveying passengers and parcels from Orbost to Cabbage Tree Creek, Club Terrace, Cann River and surrounding districts. The service departed from Orbost on Wednesdays and from the Cann River Hotel on Fridays. He was also Orbost's first milkman. He married Ethel Roda SAYERS in 1909. ( Information from John Phillips) The Macalister family is associated with early Orbost.A copy of a b/w 1920 wedding photograph. It is in a wooden frame. The photo is of a groom, William Garnet Macalister, seated with his bride, Ethel, Roda Macalister, standing on his right an arm at his back.Handwritten on back - WILLIAM GARNET MACALISTER - SON OF THOMAS MEWBURN MACALISTER RUTH HANNAH MACALISTER OF ORBOST HOUSE B 1910 died 2003 (93 years old) ETHEL RODA MACALISTER (nee SAYERS)macalister-william macalister-ethel orbost-house

Dr James Kerr practised medicine in Orbost from 1889 -1928. He was the first doctor to settle in Orbost. He served the Orbost community for 40 years travelling everywhere on horseback. He married Hilda Constance Temple in Orbost on November 30, 1893. On April 29th 1931, three glass windows were dedicated to "Dr James Kerr. Beloved Physician of Orbost" in St James Church of England , Orbost. ( Ref Orbost Hospital, History, Personalities and Stories by Margaret Hollands)Dr James Kerr was the first doctor to settle in Orbost. He was an integral part of the Orbost community for over 40 years. This plaque was at his house where he had his surgery. The house no longer exists. Large, brass rectangle housed in dark wooden frame. Deeply engraved and blackened writing filling almost entire plaque.Dr. KERR, / Surgeon.dr kerr, orbost surgeon, medical practioner, regional doctor, brass door plaque, 1889-1928

Made for Danebo Guest House at Martin's Creek. Peter Jensen came to Martin's Creek (35 miles north of Orbost) in 1890 having been told that Martin's Creek would be on the railway line. He was a cooper who made the casks from silver wattles. He cleared the area for farming and then built an accommodation house, Danebo., which was well used by travellers to Bonang and Bendoc. Gippsland was a relatively less developed part of Victoria in the nineteenth century. Danebo Hotel, Martin’s Creek, would have been an important stopping point for travellers to Bonang and Bendoc. The hotel is no longer standing.A open rectangular shaped wooden cutlery box - probably hand-made.. It has a carrying handle cut into the divider.jensen-peter martin's-creek danebo cutlery-box container

Air Vice Marshal (Rtd) John Douglas Gordon Lessels, Marshal in charge of disaster relief, was a municipal councillor at Mallacoota where he had a holiday house.A wooden shield with a badge in the centre. Inside an orange circle is " in paratus adversitatem" with a larger CD inside a blue triangle. It has gold coloured decorations . around the circle. There are two small metal plates above and below this badge. On the back is a cut out for hanging.On plate at top : "NATURAL DISASTERS ORGANISATION CANBERRA ACT" On plate below badge : " ORBOST & TOURIST ASSN PRESENTED BY AVM JOHN LESSELS DGNDO 30 NOV 84" shield disaster-organisation orbost-tourism

These nails were made for Walter John Mundy (1868-1944). Often imported nails made for the softer English and North American timbers bent when hammered against the harder colonial woods and so The Mundy family were farmers / settlers in the Snowy River area since c. 1880s. The original Mundy family moved to a land "selection" at Betebolong in the early 1880's from Buchan. It's only over the past century or so that the mass-produced nail has become an inexpensive and common way to join materials. These three iron nails were hand made by an early Orbost settler or blacksmith in the 1880's, using iron, forge and anvil. They are examples of the types of nails used in the 19th century. A rectangular, wooden(athel pine?) board with three hand-made nails glued in fan design to top left corner of section of floorboard. There is a short length of yellow cord attached for hanging. To the right of the nails is hand-written text in black. the nails have irregular shanks and hammer marks on both shanks and heads.right of nails - " Flooring & nails from Walter Mundy's house at Jarrahmond built C.1885. Still in use to this day."mundy-walter hand-made-nails