Showing 650 items matching " anzac service"
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St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Archives
Negative - Portrait Negatives of Mary Freitag in World War 1 Nurses Uniform
The negatives are copies of Mary Freitag portrait photo's which were taken in Bombay at the start of her war nursing service. Mary is in her complete war service uniform and in one image appears to be holding official documents with the ANZAC logo.mary freitag, world war 1 nurse -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - IAN DYETT COLLECTION: Image of Presentation piece
... Conference of the British Empire Service League Anzac House Melbourne ...Sir Gilbert Joseph Cullen Dyett (1891-1964) was born in Bendigo, at the age of 14 he started working for J H Curnow Real Estate and Auction rooms. In March 1915 he was commissioned as Lieutenant in the 7th Battalion and was badly wounded at Lone Pine, Gallipoli. After the war he was prominent in many organizations including Anzac Remembrance Appeal, Ocean Road Trust, Returned Services League, Australian War Memorial, The British Empire Service League, Racecourse Licences Board of Victoria, Victoria Trotting and Racing Association (which was largely controlled by John Wren) He was caricatured as Captain Dwyer by Frank Hardy in his novel Power without Glory. HE was Knighted in 1934. Died in Fitzroy in1964 and is buried in Bendigo. Ref. Australian Dictionary of Biography. https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/dyett-sir-gilbert-joseph-cullen-6071 IAN DYETT COLLECTION: Black and white Image of Presentation piece to Sir Gilbert Dyett as the Federal President of the Returned Sailors & Soldiers Imperial League of Australia for presiding over the Seventh Biennial Conference held at Anzac House Melbourne from the 9th to the 13th of November 1934. In two sections with black frames probably joined by hinges resting on a black case in which the piece may have kept. Decorations on the piece include the Union Jack and the Australian Flag. The photograph in is mounted on grey card.gilbert dyett, seventh biennial conference of the british empire service league, anzac house melbourne -
Alfred Hospital Nurses League - Nursing Archive
Book - Illustrated Book, Richard Reid (1944-) et al, Just wanted to be there: Australian Service Nurses 1899-1999, 1999
A history of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service 1899-1999Illustrated book with dust pink cover. front cover has a black and white photograph of s nurse with two hospital beds covered with mosquito tents (No 74 Camp Hospital, Katherine, NT, 1945). Part of title printed in black ink above this photo, remainder of title overprinted in white ink at the bottom of this photo. Below this is a small rectangular illustration and words: their service our heritage. Title is also printed in black ink on spine along with publishers logonon-fictionA history of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service 1899-1999military nursing-australia-history, nurses-australia-history, australian army nurses -
Alfred Hospital Nurses League - Nursing Archive
Book - Illustrated Book, Richard Reid (1944-) et al, Just wanted to be there: Australian Service Nurses 1899-1999- Duplicate Copy, 1999
A history of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service 1899-1999Illustrated book with dust pink cover. front cover has a black and white photograph of s nurse with two hospital beds covered with mosquito tents (No 74 Camp Hospital, Katherine, NT, 1945). Part of title printed in black ink above this photo, remainder of title overprinted in white ink at the bottom of this photo. Below this is a small rectangular illustration and words: their service our heritage. Title is also printed in black ink on spine along with publishers logo.non-fictionA history of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service 1899-1999military nursing-australia-history, nuses-australia-history, australia army-nurses -
Bendigo Military Museum
Uniform - COLOUR PATCH AND CHEVRONS, 1914-1919
The letter "A" is for "Anzac". Issued to those who served on the Gallipoli Peninsula and surrounding Islands, Hospital ships etc and worn as is on the Colour Patches. Instituted in 1917. Service Chevrons are worn on the right arm below the elbow of your uniform. The red one is for those who embarked in 1914, the blue, one for each year of service after. Instituted in 1918. These belonged to Frederick Campbell Moller No 2233 AIF. Refer 1661.3, 1682.5, 1663P. .1) Colour patches, 3rd Field Artillery Brigade, 2 red triangles set onto dark blue felt with a dark dot on the left red triangle. A brass letter "A" is attached to the patch. .2) Same as point .1). .3) Chevrons, 4 blue and 1 red "V" shaped cloth chevrons sewn on to khaki piece of uniform.uniforms-army badges, insignia, chevrons, “a”, colour patches -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, T M Jones and Ion L Idriess, The Silent Service, 1952
Action stories of the ANZAC Navy first published in 1944Blue cover 372 pagesnon-fictionAction stories of the ANZAC Navy first published in 1944ww2, australian navy, newzealand navy -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - ANZAC DAY, FRAMED
The service being held is in the front of the Soldiers Memorial Institute Pall Mall Bendigo post 2008.Photograph - colour copy of a photograph of a Cenotaph assembly on ANZAC Day. In background is a catafalque party with assembled public. Frame - brown colour moulded plastic frame with MDF back and glass front..brsl, smirsl, anzac day -
Bendigo Military Museum
Plaque - GALLERY OF HONOUR, Returned Soldiers & Sailors Imperial League of Australia, c. 1921 onwards
This plaque was originally in the Foyer (vestibule on the original plans) of the Soldiers Memorial Institute Bendigo to compliment framed photos of Soldiers who never came home from the Great War. This was unveiled on ANZAC Day 1927. After the closure of the SMI for renovations 2016 - 18 the plaque was placed in what was originally called "The Writing Room" now called "The Building and RSL history Room"Plaque brass with curved corners with inscribed text in black with several scrolls around. Plaque is attached via 4 screws to a backing board onto a wall.“THIS GALLERY of HONOR Instituted by the Bendigo Branch of the RS&SILA exclusively contains portraits of members of the AIF who in the service to King and Empire made the supreme sacrifice in the Great War 1914 - 1919 into the imperishable memory of the priceless heritage beqeathed by them to the nation. This Gallery is dedicated in reverent gratitude”brsl, smirsl, plaque -
Bendigo Military Museum
Honour Board - EAST BENDIGO PRIMARY SCHOOL HONOUR BOARD WW1, original plaques, post WW1
The Bendigo East Primary School was opened in 1915. In 1916 it was decided to plant an ANZAC Avenue of trees and this was completed on 16 June 1916. The plaques were placed after WW1. The school was closed in 1998 and the plaques were relocated to the nearby White Hills Secondary College in Napier Street on this board. In the early 2000's the Honour Board was donated to what is now called the Bendigo Military Museum. One hundred years after planting, later in 2016 the trees were removed in controversial circumstances. On the board 8 never returned, there is 1 x "DCM" winner, 1 x "MC" winner and 1 x "MM" winner. There are 3 x Wright Brothers of which 2 never returned. The plaque states that the soldiers attended the school which is obvious they could not have due to the opening date. The following Heritage report suggests that the names were of individual soldiers who lived in the area. EXTRACT FROM HERITAGE COUNCIL VICTORIA 2016 SUBMISSIONS HEARING “The Bendigo East School (‘the school’) was officially opened by Mr Frank Tate, Director of Education, on 7 April 1916. Approximately two months later, on 16 June 1916, Arbor Day was celebrated at the school with the planting of an ‘Anzac Avenue’ along a path from the front gate on Strickland Road (‘the pathway’) to commemorate the landing of soldiers at Gallipoli. The school’s ‘Anzac Avenue’ was one of an estimated 37 known to have been planted by school children throughout Victoria during mid-1916 as part of a program led by the Education Department, which included a recommendation to schools on 18 May 1916 that commemorative avenues be planted (‘the 1916 plantings recommendation’). At around this time, avenues of honour were also planted across Victoria to commemorate fallen WWI soldiers (‘the wider commemorative plantings phenomenon’). There were other commemorative plantings at the Place away from the pathway (‘the other commemorative plantings’). Anzac Day was celebrated at the Place in the years subsequent to 1916 and on 11 December 1920 the school’s ‘Anzac Avenue’ was officially opened. Embossed copper plates, mounted on wood, were fixed in front of the trees in memory of individual soldiers from the district who had seen active service in WWI. There is evidence that as many as 32 plaques may have been made and affixed (‘the name plaques’). Plaques were removed from their locations at some stage before 1964, mounted on a board and displayed in the school building. These are now located and displayed at Bendigo Sub - Branch of the Returned Services League.” EAST BENDIGO HONOUR BOARD – COPPER PLAQUES (27 PLAQUES in total). 1. 2441 CPL G.V. LE KIM 60th BATT. M.M. (George Vincent LEE-KIM, born in Bendigo, Awarded Military Medal. RTA. NOK Father’s Address: C/- Strickland Rd, Bendigo). 2. 3821 PTE. E.B. HEM 20TH BATT. (Edward Bert Hem born in Bendigo. RTA. NOK Mother’s address: White Hills Post Office). 3. 3513 PTE. C.A. FOLEY 57th BATT. (Charles Albert Foley born in Bendigo. RTA. NOK Father’s address: Wilkie Street, Bendigo). 4. 5241 PTE. G. E. WRIGHT 6th BATT. † (George Edwin Wright born in Bendigo. KIA 8/12/1916. NOK Father’s address: 55 Charleston Rd. Bendigo). 5. 2663 L.CPL. N. E. DAVIS 60th BATT. (Norman Edward Davis born in Footscray. RTA. NOK Mother’s address: 193 Strickland Rd. Bendigo). 6. PTE. A. MOOG 16-6th BATT. † (5143 Adolph Moog born in Bendigo. Died of wounds received in action 8/12/1916, NOK Father’s address: Municipal Yards, Bendigo.) 7. 6515 SGT. W.A. BIRCHMORE DCM 11TH BATT. FIELD ARTILLERY (William Albert Birchmore born in Bendigo. Awarded DCM. RTA. NOK Mother’s address: Butler Street, California Gully) 8. 3924 PTE. J.P. NEWMAN 5TH BATT. † (392 (NAA) James Pausey Newman. Born in Bendigo. KIA 25/7/1916. NOK Father’s address Strickland Road, Bendigo) 9. 4865 PTE. H. T. NUGENT 5TH PIONEER BATT. † (also 4765 Hector Thomas Nugent born in Bendigo. KIA 26/11/1916. NOK Mother’s address: 55 Charleston Rd Bendigo). 10. 835 PTE. C.J. WRIGHT 7TH BATT. † (825(NAA) Charles Julian Wright. Born in Bendigo. KIA at Gallipoli 25/4/1915 NOK Father’s address 55 Charleston Rd Bendigo) 11. 5242 PTE. T.S. WRIGHT M.M. 6TH BATT. (Thomas Stanley Wright born in Bendigo. RTA. NOK Father’s address: 55 Charleston Road, Bendigo). 12. 13111 PTE. R.I. LEE 5TH FIELD AMBCE (19111 Robert Irwin Lee. Born in Kilcunda, Vic. RTA. NOK Wife’s address C/- Barnard Street, Bendigo) 13. 3731 DRIVER T.S. BROWN 5TH BATT.† (Thomas Sheridan Brown born in Bendigo. Died in the Field in France of Heart Failure. NOK Father’s address: Mundy Street, Bendigo). 14. 60999 PTE. J. SPENCE 5th BATT. (John Spence born in Bendigo. RTA. NOK Father’s address: 99 Talbot St, Brunswick) 15. 5127 PTE. S.A. LOY 7TH BATT. (Samuel Arthur John Loy. Born in White Hills, Bendigo. RTA Medical discharge. NOK Wife’s address C/- Hargreaves St Bendigo.) 16. 1649 PTE. A.M. HUTCHINSON 60TH BATT. (Alexander Morton Hutchison. (Note different spelling) born in Bendigo. RTA. NOK Mother’s address Wilkie Street, Bendigo). 17. 3035 PTE. R.J. FLACK 10TH – 7TH BATTs. † (Robert John Flack born in Bendigo. KIA France 17/8/1916. NOK Father’s address: Strickland Road, Bendigo). 18. 4558 PTE. J.J. O’BRIEN 60TH BATT.† (John James O’Brien born in Glenalbyn, Vic. KIA 28/9/1917. NOK Father’s address 68 Strickland Rd. Bendigo). 19. 5233 CPL. G. WHITTING MOTOR TRANSPT. COY. (George Whitting born in White Hills, Bendigo. RTA. NOK Mother’s address: 46 Baxter Street, Bendigo). 20. 5203 PTE. A.J. TATTERSALL 6TH BATTALION (Arthur James Tattersall born in Mandurang, Vic. RTA. NOK Wife’s address “Thornwell”, Bendigo East PO.) 21. 2ND LIEUT. K.G. EMONSON M.C. 38th BATT. (Keith Glanfield Emonson born in Sydney NSW. RTA – Medical discharge/ GSW head. NOK Father’s address: Strickland Road, Bendigo). 22. LIEUT. A.J. HAMPSON RAILWAY UNIT (Alfred John Hampson R/N 2300. Born in Bendigo. RTA. NOK wife’s address: 76 Addison St. Elwood, Vic). 23. 216 SIGNLR R.P. BROWN 38TH BATT † (Raymond Patrick Brown, born in Bendigo. KIA 28 May 1917. NOK. Mother’s address: 138 Mundy Street, Bendigo). 24. 15118 STAFF SGT. A. EMONSON 3RD L. H. F. AMBULANCE (Harry Allen Phipps Emonson born in Sydney NSW. RTA. NOK Father’s address Strickland Road, Bendigo, Vic). 25. 1724 CPL. L.J. CHAPPLE 5TH BATT. (Leslie John Chapple born in Bendigo. RTA. NOK Father’s address: Nolan Street, Bendigo) 26. 4557 PTE. E. O’BRIEN 60TH BATT. (Edward Charles O’ Brien, RTA. (NOK Father’s address: Strickland Rd, Bendigo). 27. 3557 SIGNLER F. H. LYALL 5TH BATT. (Francis Hubert Lyall born in Bendigo. RTA. NOK Father’s address: Strickland Rd, Bendigo). Honour Board, Bendigo East Primary School, timber backing with a white timber edging. At the top is a silver Rising Sun Badge with the dates in white "1914 & 1919". There are 27 bronze plaques, each has the Soldiers Regt Number, Name, Rank and Unit, for those that did not return there is a Cross added, if the Soldier won an award it is also added. At the bottom left hand corner is a brass plaque with details. Refer Aquisition for details. On the brass plaque, “These plaques were placed on the Avenue of trees at the school entrance on 20 December 1920. They were a memorial to those who enlisted from the Bendigo East School in the 1914 - 18 War. Mr R. J. Lee a Returned Soldier was Principal at this time”memorials-honour boards, military history-service records, metalcraft-bronze, east bendigo -
Bendigo Military Museum
Programme - ANZAC DAY 1957, Colna Printing Co, 1957
... for details of service. ANZAC DAY 1957 Program David William Ralph ...Issued to outline format of ANZAC Day Ceremonies. Part of the Collection of Pte "David W Davies" V245464. refer Cat No. 9955 for details of service.Cream coloured paper, two pages folded over program. First page has emblem of RSL Badge, title and description and showing authorised by ANZAC DAY COUNCIL. Page two shows ANZAC Day Assembly plan and Order of March, Page 3 shows picture of Shrine of Remembrance labeled to show relevant areas and page four itemising on the plan for the Commemoration and Ceremony. Titled: "The Dawn Stand To" "The Commemoration March" "The Commemoration Ceremony".anzac day 1957, program, david william ralph davies -
Federation University Historical Collection
Newsclip, Ballarat Courier, Memorial Wall to Remind of Locals' War Service, 1993, 17/07/1993
Newsclip on Ballarat memorial wall for those who served during World War One.anzac, world war one, memorial, avenue of honour, ballarat shire, ballarat shire avenue of honour, chatham-holmes family collection -
Ringwood RSL Sub-Branch
Honour Board - Shield - Honour Board WW1, Circa 1922
Removed from the school when the property was sold and donated to the Ringwood RSL.Wooden Honour listing the names of Past scholars of Ringwood Primary School who took part in the Great War. The centre panel headed Memoriam lists the names of the 12 pupil who died on service. There are 68 other names listed on the board. School 2997.Details of many of the soldiers listed on the board are recorded in the book " The Anzacs of Maroondah" published in November 2018. -
Returned Nurses RSL Sub-branch
Book, May Tilton, The grey battalion, 1933
War reminiscences and recollections of May Tilton, an Australian Army Nursing Service Sister during World War One.Grey hardback book with blue writing on cover and spinenon-fictionWar reminiscences and recollections of May Tilton, an Australian Army Nursing Service Sister during World War One.world war one, wwi, ww1, australian army nursing service, australian nurses, may tilton -
Federation University Historical Collection
Memorabilia - Badges, Chatham-Holmes Collection: Anzac and Legacy Badges
Legacy is an Australian non-profit organisation established in 1923 by ex-servicemen. The Ballarat Branch was established in 1926. Legacy is dedicated to caring for the families of fallen or seriously injured veterans. The symbol of Legacy is a torch that signifies the undying flame of service and sacrifice of those who gave their lives for their country.Four badgesanzac, legacy, badges, numismatics, ww1 -
Federation University Historical Collection
Newspaper - Newsclip, Ballarat Courier, The Boys From Ballarat (ANZACs), 1988, 25/04/1988
Newsclip on the ANZAC veterans from Ballarat.anzac, world war one, 18th australian army service corps, sydney rawlings, john brazenor, les sim, gordon spittle, harry holmes, arch gilbert, bob bradby, jack reid, joe fawcett, jack maas, chatham-holmes family collection, john atkinson, arthur oxbrow, ray vickery, tim eustace, dick redfern, world war 1, aif -
Ithacan Historical Society
Photograph, Greek Return Soldiers, Victoria, 16 May 1945
The eighteen men are assembled at the Greek Returned Servicemen's League hall which was located in Russell Street, Melbourne. The honour board, erected in memory of Greek soldiers, features battle fields where the Greek army participated from 1821, the beginning of Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire, through to World War 2 and the Italian and German occupation of Greece. The man seated in front in an army uniform is an American serviceman. Seated fourth from the left is Spiros E. Raftopoulos who was president of the organisation from 1944 - 1968. Today the Hellenic RSL sub-Branch of Victoria represents and supports the Greek Australian veteran community. In 1978 the organisation joined the Returned and Services League of Australia. The Hellenic RSL sub-Branch commemorates all the Greek and Australian national days each year and proudly marches on Anzac Day in Melbourne, alongside veterans from the wars of Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan and earlier wars. On Anzac Day 2013 members of the IPS took part in the Anzac Day march for the first time. Greek national days are commemorated with wreath-laying ceremonies inside the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne, at which the IPS participates.A black and white photograph of eighteen men seated and standing in front of an honour board, which has curtains on either side of it. -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Book, Vecihi Basam et al, Gallipoli, the Invasion, Apr 2015
First edition printed 1985 - as a Turkish view Cannakale. Second edition printed 2003 - Gallipoli - the Turkish Story Third edition printed 2016 "Gallipoli, the Invasion""Gallipoli, the Invasion" - Centenary Edition Portrays the view from the Turkish side of the trenches, and in doing so paints a richer portrait of the past and broadens our knowledge and understanding of this tragic event. Sepia cover photo of soldier carrying another soldier."To the Society, with best wishs, John, ANZAC Day 2016"returned services league, rsl, armed services - foreign services, vecihi (john) basarin, hatic hurmuz basarin, kevin fewster -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - SPECIMEN COTTAGE COLLECTION: VARIOUS DOCUMENTS
Various documents in plastic folders. The topics are: 4028.1. The Myer story - articles on the history of the Myer family and business. 4028.2 The history of the Bendigo Railway and memoirs of early train travel by Bob Carr. 4028.3 Victorian history of railway and Bendigo, linking a state. 4028.4 A brief history of steam locomotives R711 and R766. 4028.5 Bendigo Advertiser article: coming of the railway with 4 photos. 4028.6 Celebrating 150 years of rail in Bendigo brochure plus postcard and Bendigo Railway Museum newsletter. 4028.7 Phoenix FM radio interview 13th September 2011. interviewer John Hall, guest: Garry Long, Convenor friends of the Bendigo-Kilmore rail trail. 4028.8 Mail by rail by Tom Luke and Railway history Leo Hogan. 4028.9 Document on the Red Ribbon Movement. 4028.10 Document - Sport in Bendigo in the early days. 4028.11 History of the Girton Church of England Girls' Grammar School with a list of prominent students. 4028.12 Bendigo's loss-Chinese secret society's gain? Talk given by Carol Holsworth. 4028.13 Document - Bendigo in the fifties. 4028.14 Jones, Miller & Co. history. 4028.15 Transcript of an audio tape by Cyril Michelsen, black and white photo and newspaper article. 4028.16 A garden history by Ken Maes. 4028.17 Document - Marsh and Scholten Coach builders. 4028.18 Notes from the diary of Thomas Ninnes, newspaper articles on the restoration of the Ninnes grave. 4028.19 Sandhurst 1853-54 The Southern world Rev. Robert Young. 4028.20 Correspondence from Cobb & Co. Royal Flying Doctor Service 1963 coach run and the 1963 coach run itinerary. 4028.21 Various newspaper clippings on Rosalind Park. 4028.22 Rosalind Park discovery walk brochure and heritage mosaic Rosalind Park lookout brochure. 4028.23 Camp Reserve, Rosalind Park, used and abused by James Lerk, also newspaper articles by James Lerk about Rosalind Park and various other documents relating to the Park. 4028.24 Rotary Club History - A bulletin from 1971 and two cards in the name of Albert Richardson. 4028.25 History Lives: Bendigo east's Anzac Avenue photographs and documents. 4028.26 Short biography of John Walker. 4028.27 Restoring our heritage - The Beehive story. 4028.28 Documents about the Bendigo Advertiser, including historical notes by Carol Holsworth and notes given in 2005 by Leanne Younes. 4028.29 Document - National Trust of Australia: City of Bendigo abattoirs (form, 47 Lansell Street. 4028.30 The Alexandra Fountain by Lucy Williams also newspaper clippings and a document from the RHSV. 4028.31 Newspaper clippings and correspondence on the demolition of the A.N.A. building. -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Peter Sekuless et al, Lest we forget : the history of the Returned Services League 1916-1986, 1986
Lest we forget appears as Australians are identifying with the ANZAC tradition and showing a keen interest in their history.Ill, bib, p.228.non-fictionLest we forget appears as Australians are identifying with the ANZAC tradition and showing a keen interest in their history.anzac - history, returned soldiers league - history -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, GL Kristtianson, The politics of patriotism : the pressure group activities of the Returned Servicemen's League, 1966
s Australia's largest veterans' organization, the R.S.L. has been the subject of bitter controversy. The League has often been attacked, and as frequently defended, but it has never been examined in depth by an impartial observer. This book is the first detailed and dispassionate examination. It is not an 'official', or even an authorized account of the R.S.L.'s pressure group activities - while the League provided unrestricted access to its files and records, the organization's leaders exercised no censorship or control over the final results. The author examines the R.S.L.'s attempts to influence the Commonwealth government against a background of continual internal conflict over tactics. He describes the constant approaches to the government on pensions, medical benefits, war service homes, soldier settlement, employment preference, and gratuities, as well as on such controversial subjects as defence and anti-communism, all of which serve to mark the R.S.L. as one of Australia’s most active pressure groups. The book also points to the danger implicit in the R.S.L.'s attempt to monopolize the virtues which it claims are uniquely Australian. In its rigid enforcement of the exclusiveness of Anzac Day, it is argued, lie both the League's peculiar strength and its greatest problems.Index, ill, p.286.non-fictions Australia's largest veterans' organization, the R.S.L. has been the subject of bitter controversy. The League has often been attacked, and as frequently defended, but it has never been examined in depth by an impartial observer. This book is the first detailed and dispassionate examination. It is not an 'official', or even an authorized account of the R.S.L.'s pressure group activities - while the League provided unrestricted access to its files and records, the organization's leaders exercised no censorship or control over the final results. The author examines the R.S.L.'s attempts to influence the Commonwealth government against a background of continual internal conflict over tactics. He describes the constant approaches to the government on pensions, medical benefits, war service homes, soldier settlement, employment preference, and gratuities, as well as on such controversial subjects as defence and anti-communism, all of which serve to mark the R.S.L. as one of Australia’s most active pressure groups. The book also points to the danger implicit in the R.S.L.'s attempt to monopolize the virtues which it claims are uniquely Australian. In its rigid enforcement of the exclusiveness of Anzac Day, it is argued, lie both the League's peculiar strength and its greatest problems. australia - politics and government, pressure groups - australia