Anthropodermic Bibliopegy is the name given to the use of human leather to bind books. The name stems from the combination of the Greek root words, human (Anthropos), skin (derma), book (biblion), and fasten (pegia). The practice of creating anthropodermic books was popular throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. Most commonly, anthropodermic books are medical tomes, with the human leather taken from medical cadavers. Others were produced after criminal trials, with the criminal’s skin used to enclose the record of their own death sentences, creating a form of punishment that would surpass death. Other anthropodermic books contain poems or are religious texts. This book was written and printed in 1599 but most probably was rebound later when creation of anthropodermic books became more predominant. The book is a small tome of a religious nature containing the work of Bishop Thomas Bilson, who in a puritanical voice states that the primary argument articulated in this book is that “the metaphorical Calvinist interpretation of Hell as an exclusion from God was accurate then Christ's descent into hell after his crucifixion must refer to an actual existent hell as Christ was neither subject to sin nor able to be separated from the Divine.” The unusual cover of the book has led to many questions, the main being whether the book is covered with human skin. It was confirmed as such in 2014 with DNA testing undertaken by honours student Talanna Buckley at Federation University finding an 100% match to human DNA on the outside cover of the book. This is one of only two confirmed anthropodermic books in Australia, the other is housed at the National Library of Australia. Other forms of testing the leather of books have been found to be more accurate than DNA testing. For example, before DNA testing or PMF (Peptide Mass Fingerprinting) are undertaken many books have been identified as made from human skin through the close examination of the skins patterning. Hair follicles are the focus of the examination as certain patterns and sizes lend themselves to being human. However, many of these books have been proven to not be bound in human skin, the same can be said of books with inscriptions claiming them as anthropodermic. Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) testing has been found to be the most reliable way of confirming a leather bindings origin. This process involves the sampling of collagen-based materials, cutting the protein to gain specific amino acid combinations which form individual peptide sequences. Each mammal has an individual amino acid sequence in its collagen therefore its peptide mass combination is unique. This form of test can provide a more accurate outcome as collagen will be preserved for longer after the tanning process and will not be damaged in the same way DNA can be by the tanning process. DNA testing can also provide false positives as trace DNA from someone touching the book could be amplified and provide the reading instead of that of the leather itself. However, this book was tested with many controls as well as specific decontamination procedures in order to ensure that it was not trace DNA being tested. This book is historically and spiritually significant because it is a rare example of an early printed English Christian religious tract produced in Old English and Latin.. Its association with Thomas Bilson, who oversaw the final printing and publication of the King James Bible, is important. The covering of this book has been tested for human dna. Findings prove the book is covered with human skin, increasing the rarity of the object.420 page book with unusual leather cover. The book is written in Old English with passages in latin. There is a pressed petal between p.68 and 69. The covering of this book is made of human skin. The practice of binding books in human skin, also known as anthropodermic bibliopegy.Inside cover - James Hendy No 17 (Fu)gends Road Palmers Village Westminster. The gift of his mother Mrs Thomas Hendy. Some notes made through text eg p.112, and a passage written on the last page.religion, bible, edward lowe, edward lotos, thomas bilson, anthropodermic bibliopegy, james hendy, full redemption, religious, leather, wilson, winchester, jesus, puritanical, puritans, bungey, bilson, human skin, skin, human skin cover, human skin binding

This exercise book contains the Minutes of the Warrnambool Woollen Mill Employees Patriotic Fund. This fund was established in 1915 in a scheme whereby employees of the Warrnambool Woollen Mill donated 2½% of their weekly wages to the fund to assist with the war effort during World War One. The money received was given to such charitable causes as the Red Cross, the Belgian Fund, the Babies of France and the Local Distress Fund. The Patriotic Fund was discontinued in 1919This Minute Book is of interest as an example of the local campaigns organized in Warrnambool to assist the war effort in World War One. It includes the names of office-bearers of the group and lists the type of activities in which they were engaged. Therefore it is of benefit to researchers. This is an exercise book with a green and black mottled patterned cover with red binding on the spine. A printed label on the cover has been torn away. The pages are cream-coloured with printed blue lines. The entries are handwritten in black ink. The book has been bound with metal staples but the binding has come apart at the top section. There are four loose sheets of material connected to the Minuteswarrnambool woollen mill, warrnambool woolen mill, world war one and warrnambool

This story is based on a well-known story about the christianisation of a poor servant-maid by a Scottish preacher named Hector McPhail.This book is an example of religious literature in the mid 19th century.A small paper back book. It has a blue paper cover with string binding. The 12 inside pages are white. The author is Rev. T. McKenzie Fraserreligious-book fraser-mckenzie

This ledger contains outward correspondence from the Shire of Warrnambool, Engineer from the period November 1935 to September 1937. It covers matters such as bridges, roads noxious weeds, drainage. It contains areas such as Wangoom Nirranda, Childers Cove, Hopkins Falls, Panmure and local names such as Jenkins, Holloway, Delaney, Davidson, Digby, Bennett, Kruger, McDowall. This collection of letters provides a very good overview of issues and work covered in the period 1935-1937.Grey card cover with dark green binding. Alphabetical index at the front . Following pages are light pink paper and numbered 1-500, two to a page. Label inside front cover Arnall & Jackson, printers lithographers, bookbinders, publishers, Manufacturing Stationers, 428 Collins St Melbourne. Repeat Order No B 87970 ledger engineer's correspondence, 1935 -1937, shire of warrnambool, warrnambool

Bogong Village was constructed in the early stages of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme. Employees of the SECV lived there before the town of Mt Beauty was constructed in the late 1940s. By 1997 the village was owned by Southern Hydro who didn't want a 'non-core service' and wished to sell it.The history of Bogong Village is that of a construction town that no longer has a use for its owner. However, it has an emotional significance for people in the area, especially those who worked and lived there. It is also a tourist attraction and includes the Outdoor School - Bogong Campus which was called the Bogong Outdoor Education Centre in 1992. Its history began in 1968 when the Victorian Education Department acquired the camp buildings and four houses from the SECV. Blue plastic folder with black spiral binding with 12 back-to-back pages in plastic sleeves. It includes articles relating to the future of Bogong Village c1997.bogong village sale, southern hydro c1997

This is a book of photographs published by Cassell & Co. by arrangement with the Government of the Commonwealth. The profits from sales were devoted to the Australian Soldiers' Repatriation Fund. This item is a useful research tool on the history of World War 1.A 192 pp magazine publication in eight parts. It is titled "Australia in the Great War - The Story Told in Pictures". It has a mottled purple cover with purple binding.

A letter is a book in which letters or copies of letters are kept especially to provide a running account of a business or enterprise. This one was probably used by H. James & Co. with some letters written by Alan Richardson. Henry James (1860-1932) was an agent and auctioneer. Record secretary of the Snowy River Shipping company. Shire councillor. Foundation member of Butter Factory. This iotem is an example of very early book-keeping in Orbost and is probably associated with Henry James who was a prominent Orbost identity very much involved in the local community.A correspondence book with a blue suede fabric cover and brown binding. It has a red label on the spine. the end papers are marbled. It contains handwritten copies of correspondence.on spine - Letter Bookbook-keeping correspondence-book h.james-&-co richardson-alan

These reports outline the advances in education in Victoria each year. Includes comparative statistics on results for each school. An official record of education in Victoria, covering both city and rural schools.Bound copies of "Education Report of the Minister of Public Instruction for the years 1913-1914 [to] 1924-1925". 2 volumes. Black binding with gold lettering on spine.On spine. Vol.1: "C.T.S./ EDUCATION/ REPORT/ 1910-11/1912-13". Vol.2: "C.T.S./ EDUCATION/ REPORT/ 1913-14/1924-25"education, victoria, education reports, collingwood technical school, cts, nmit,

Document. Green book with black pattern and red binding. Contains names of employees, their occupation and number of hours worked. Time book 1952 on a label on the front.McColl, Rankin & Stanistreetorganization, business, north deborah mine, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, north deborah gmc n/l, gold mining, time book

Document. Unused receipt book. Central Nell Gwynne Gold Mining Company Nos 1301 - 1400. Brown/cream cardboard cover with red binding.McColl, Rankin & Stanistreetorganization, business, central nell gwynne, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, central nell gwynne gmc n l, gold mining, receipt book

Document. Central Nell Gwynne Gold Mining Company Receipt Book. No entries. Nos 1001 - 1100. Brown/cream cardboard cover with red binding.McColl, Rankin & Stanistreetorganization, business, central nell gwynne, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, central nell gwynne gmc n l, gold mining, receipt book

Olympic Invoice & Statement Book for Stanley Library Accounts 1997-1998. Orange cover with black binding. Copymate, carbonless. 50 leaf, duplicate, No724. Handwritten title ' Stanley Library Accounts' Library. Printer Olympic.

Beige coloured cardboard cover. Scribbles and doodles on front and back covers. Athenaeum stamp on cover. Light brown fabric binding . Period 1953-1958Stanley stamp '4.12.1953 Stanley Library'

The Geelong Cycling Club was very strong in this period as proven by the Juniors record.Junior competition was strong for the Geelong Cycling Club making for a generally strong club.Two triangular pennants in blue felt. They have a white binding along the stem of the flags and details of the races and winners embossed in white over the blue felt."VACU/Junior Road Teams Championship 1978/Won by Geelong/1979/C Dowling/A Boyle/P Olney/P Bush/P Robertson/P Shearer"vacu; junior road teams championship; 1978; 1979; geelong cycling club; c. dowling; a. boyle; p. olney; p. bush; p. robertson; p. shearer;

Cream booklet with black binding containing Stenography examination papers from years 1965-1977. Published by the Education Department Victoria curriculum & research branch.

The History of the Bulgana and Salt Creek State SchoolsCream paper cover under a clear plastic cover with black plastic binding. paper cover has double line border inside which is the Title.Bulgana School History 1873 To 1932 We would like to thank WP Computers Barkley St Ararat stawell education

Red cloth cover with gold writing on the spine and cover damaged binding and some ripped pages xxxvi, 412 pages ; ǂc 19 cm ; maps205 marked in pen on first page 'Mechanics Institute Kilmore' Stamp Dedicated by author to the memory of his brother in law Quintin Battyehistory, 1857-1858, india mutiny, kilmore mechanics institute library.

Red cloth cover with gold writing on the spine and cover damaged binding and some ripped pages xxiv, 506 pages ; ǂc 19 cm ; maps 203 marked in pen on first page 'Mechanics Institute Kilmore' Stamp Dedicated by author to the memory of his brother in law Quintin Battyehistory, 1857-1858, india mutiny, kilmore mechanics institute library.

Red cloth cover with gold writing on the spine and cover damaged binding and some ripped pages xxiv, 362 pages ; ǂc 19 cm ; maps206 marked in pen on first page 'Mechanics Institute Kilmore' Stamp Dedicated by author to the memory of his brother in law Quintin Battyehistory, 1857-1858, india mutiny, kilmore mechanics institute library.

This collection of recipes and historical notes was compiled by Judith Lewis to mark the 100th Anniversary of the Buninyong Botanic Gardens in 2011.Written in honour of the 100th Anniversary of the Buninyong Botanical Gardens.Green coloured plastic cover with spiral binding. Contains plastic sleeves with A4 pages. Includes a number of recipes and a history of Stewart's Seedling Cooking Apples. buninyong botanical gardens, apples, orchards, gardening, recipes

Title page reads: 'Notice Paper for Special Meeting of the Shire Council to be held on Tuesday 30th August 1983 to commemorate the 125th Anniversary of Buninyong District Road Board 1858.Cream card cover with hole-punched binding of pages. Yellow ribbon through holes. Volume contains a selection of news cutting copies relating to Buninyong.Shire of Buninyong Logo on front cover.shire of buninyong, district roads boards, local government

Handwritten minutes of the Associates' Committee of Heidelberg Golf Club 1984-1991. Includes handwritten financial inserts.Volume 9 of a complete set of Associates' minutes from the foundation of HGC to the present day.Bound minute book with red cover and brown binding. 334 pages. Handwritten throughout with inserts of handwritten financial records (mainly lists of cheques to be paid).Original label has dates "1984-1991" and "Book 41". committee minutes, women's golf, associates, ladies' golf