Figurine of female wearing 19th Century tennis outfit and holding tennis racquet. Text on base indicates piece is entitled 'VICTORIA' from limited edition (this piece 109 /4000) series 'LA BELLE EPOQUE'. Materials: Ceramictennis

Frances Rigg was a local business identity in Kew, at one stage managing the local branch of the English, Scottish and Australian (ES&A) Bank at 175 High Street from c. 1920 until the 1940s. After Francis Rigg’s death, the collection of buttons and medallions was inherited by his son, Ken Rigg (1922-2014). The collection was subsequently donated to the Kew Historical Society in 2015 by Francis' grandson, Adrian Rigg, at the time of the Gallipoli & Beyond Commemoration in 2015. The collection covers a period of almost 40 years. The majority of the buttons are patriotic buttons, issued and sold during and immediately after the First World World War (1914-1918) to raise funds for national and overseas causes. The collection also includes a number of locally significant sporting event buttons and sporting club medallions, issued in the 1920s and 1930s.Patriotic and other pressed tin buttons and badges were produced in large numbers in the first decades of the twentieth century. By nature, insubstantial and ephemeral, they have not always survived. The collections of badges, buttons and medallions in the Kew Historical Society collection is homogenous and yet diverse, ranging from buttons sold to raise funds for the war efforts in 1914-18 and 1939-45, to those used at festivals and sporting events. Because of the manufacturing process, many surviving buttons and badges have been affected by inadequate storage, suffering from oxidisation and physical damage. These survivors are now historically and socially significant artefacts, revealing much about the attitudes and values of the period in which they were produced. Their widespread distribution means that they are frequently significant at a local, state, national and international level.World War I-era pressed tin fundraising button. The button features the French flag and a red cross over a starburst, against a gold background. Encircling the image is a white ring with the text ‘French Red Cross’ in blue."French Red Cross"first world war (1914-18)

The use of these buttons as a means of raising revenue through patriotic sentiment occurred soon after Australia pledged allegiance to Empire. Buttons reflected ‘public sentiment, courage, patriotism, generosity and several [un- named] virtues’ such as the martyred mother of a ‘fallen’ hero. Attention was paid to attractiveness of design, encoded symbolism and high quality of production. Expressing ‘loyalty’, they were tokens to be kept for perpetuity. Female labour was used to operate the die that compressed the tin backing, photographic print and celluloid cover together. The pin was applied by hand. Women, of all ages, entered into the spirit of voluntary sales. Often they were sold at the entry and exit points of major pedestrian thoroughfares. The women of Kew set up a kiosk in front of the Post Office and the Railway Station to solicit their round, oval and square shaped wares. Pride in salesmanship was affected by publishing the name of the woman and her fiscal achievement in the major newspapers of the dayWorld War I-era pressed tin fundraising button. The button features the French flag and a red cross over a starburst, against a gold background. Encircling the image is a white ring with the text ‘French Red Cross’ in blueFrench Red Cross

Four page paper fold out brochure with colour photograph on the front and printed black text on other pages. Image shows two children wearing grey, yellow and purple knitwear, one child is using a yo-yo.front: [printed] ALBANY / KNITTING WOOLS / Girl's Sweater and Windcheater / ALBANY SCOTCH KNIT / CHEST .... 24 26 28 30 ins. / SWEATER ... 10 11 13 15 ozs. / WINDCHEATER . 10 11 13 15 ozs. / PRICE 3d.knitting, pattern, fashion, knitwear, albany woollen mills

Primarily a promotional publication to attract new residents and encourage tourism to the district. This publication espouses the many attractions and benefits of life in Bendigo while not relying heavily on its gold rush past. 'In the restful atmosphere of a provincial city Bendigo's 40,000 inhabitants are contented and friendly, ever ready to make a newcomer at home'. Booklet promoting the climate, character and industries of the City of Bendigo and surrounding districts. Includes black and white and colour photographs, drawings, and text describing various facets of life in regional Victoria. Publication art work and design are particularly striking. councillor alec craig, city of greater bendigo tourism, mayor w cambridge, cambridge press, making a nation exhibition

The Kangaroo Hoppet is Australia’s premier long distance cross country ski race, and a member of the Worldloppet series of international cross country ski events. The first race at Falls Creek was held in 1979 under the name of “Australian Birkebeiner”. It was a 21km race with about 80 participants organised by the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club of Mount Beauty. The course started and finished at Falls Creek Alpine Resort and took participants out into the Bogong High Plains. After running the event for 10 years, it was decided they should become part of the Worldloppet series of marathon ski races. Representatives from the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club and the Australian Ski Federation attended the Worldloppet Annual Meeting in Finland in June 1990 to put the case for the acceptance of an Australian event into the Worldloppet series. Before being admitted, they had to demonstrate that the Birkebeiner Club could run a world class event, so three months later in August 1990 a 42km event named the Australian International Ski Marathon was held at Falls Creek together with a 21km Birkebeiner race and a 7km event called the Birkebeiner Lite. The event was approved by delegates from USA, Norway and Austria, in 1991 Australia became the 12th member of Worldloppet, with the condition that there had to be a name change. After some late night discussion allegedly involving red wine from North East Victoria the main event became the 42km Kangaroo Hoppet, with the minor events being the 21km Australian Birkebeiner, and 7km Joey Hoppet. In the winter of 1991, the first Kangaroo Hoppet was held. It was a great success and has been a regular fixture on the international ski calendar ever since. It features the main 42km event as well as a 21km event and a 7km event. The Hoppet brings the Australian snowfields to an international audience. In 2005 the Men's Winner was Ben Sim from Australia in a time of 1:38:35. The winner of the Women's event was Clare-Louise Brumley of Australia in a time of 1:56:56. This poster is significant because it documents an event which brings international attention to Falls Creek and the surrounding region.A blue and white poster with two skiers heading towards the sun over which a stylised snowflake has been placed. All writing is in blue text. The logos of Tourism Victoria and Worldloppet are on the right hand side towards the bottom.Beneath the image: KANGAROO HOPPET 15 August 27 Falls Creek Australia 2005 EMAIL [email protected] WEB www.hoppet.com.au TEL (03) 5754 1045 FAX (03) 5754 4475 POST P.O. Box 400 Mount Beauty 3699 kangaroo hoppet, worldloppet events, falls creek, mt. beauty

Circular blue, red and white plastic badge. Silver metal, plastic-coated, with safety pin fastener adhered to back. Badge printed with gold text 'Hurting nurses hurts patients' and the ANF [Australian Nursing Federation] logo.

This item was donated to Wodonga Historical Society by the artist, Betty L. Barberis. Betty Barberis nee Barton was one of 12 children born to Roderick Barton and Myrtle Ann Hore of Gundowring in the Kiewa Valley. She was born in 1927 and attended Upper Gundowring Primary School. Betty was encouraged to enter a project for the "Young Farmers" by illustrating a book. She won first prize for Victoria and the book was exhibited at the Royal Melbourne Show. This resulted in Betty attaining a Manual Art Teacher's Studentship which she completed at Wangaratta Technical School. Here she learned many new skills ranging from garment design to ceramics. She also attended Melbourne Teachers College. Betty created many decorative banners, the first being for the Australian section of the World Scout Jamboree in 1948. Over her long career she was to create many other banners and commissioned work for significant organisations and institutions . Betty’s great body of work included landscapes, millinery, ceramics, and a bronze sculpture of her husband Vern Barberis who was a fellow schoolteacher and represented Australia as a weightlifter, winning a bronze medal at the Helsinki Olympics in 1952. She also illustrated several books and had exhibitions in many galleries including in Albury. Betty passed away at The Grange, Wodonga on 26 November 2013. The 1981 Rotary International Pacific Region Conference was held in the Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne, between 26 and 29 November 1981. More than 5,000 Rotarians from around the Pacific attended the conference in Melbourne to discuss 'The Future of the Pacific Region'. Speakers included the Honourable Malcolm Fraser, Rotary International President Stan McCaffrey, President Elect Horoji Mukasa, Ranald McDonald, representing the media, Sir Ian McLennan, representing industry, Japanese former Ambassador Nobuhiko Ushiba and Philippines Deputy Consul General Mrs Minerva Falcon, both representing diplomatic services, as well as other Rotarians. A limited number of plaques were produced from quality imported porcelain.This item represents a major event held in Melbourne for Rotary International and is also the work of a prominent artist from the Wodonga district.2 ceramic plaques designed by Betty Barberis for the emblem of the 198T Rotary International Pacific Region Conference held in Melbourne in 1981. The plaque bears the Rotary emblem, slogan and other text as well as an image of a kangaroo and lyre bird.In top banner: "SERVICE - ABOVE - SELF" In central circle: "ROTARY INTERNATIONAL" around 1981 In lower banners: "PACIFIC REGIONAL CONFERENCE / MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA".betty barberis, rotary international, 1981 rotary international pacific region conference

This plaque commemorates the official opening of an occasional child care centre and pre-school in South St, Wodonga in 1989 by the Governor of Victoria Dr. Davis McCaughey. With strong population growth in Wodonga community services had expanded rapidly throughout the 1980s. The first child minding centre had opened in 1975. BY 1987 Upper Murray Family Care provided full-day family day care and occasional care and there were also 2 private child care centres. By 1986 there were 350 full-time places and 75 part-time places, but pre-schools were unable to fill the demand for another 511 applicants. This new facility helped to ease a little of the problem. As well as the inscription included here, the name of the Mayor, all members of the Wodonga Council, City Engineer, Architect and Builder are listed on the plaque.This item illustrates an important development in the provision of pre-school and child care services in Wodonga.A bronze rectangular plaque with detailed inscription, designed to be attached to the wall of a building. There is a hole in each corner for bolts to be inserted. The text is raised above the surface of the plaque. It features the symbol of the shield of the Rural City of Wodonga in the top left corner.fiction"RURAL CITY OF WODONGA WODONGA OCCASIONAL CHILD CARE CENTRE AND SOUTH STREET PRE-SCHOOL CENTRE OFFICIALLY OPENED BY HIS EXCELLENCY DR. DAVIS MCCAUGHEY, A.C., GOVERNOR OF VICTORIA ON 9TH DAY OF MAY 1989child care facilities wodonga, children's services wodonga, pre-schools wodonga

A photograph 2/6th Battalion soldiers on exercise. The explanation text stating "A Bren carrier from the 2/6th Battalion comes ashore during beach landing exercises at point Walter, Western Australia, 6th February 1943."

Pamphlet - 3 fold - titled "Safe Travelling on M>Tram", full colour about safely travelling on M>Tram services, with boarding, on board and alighting text. Has photos of M>tram, trams in their livery and the pamphlet in their colours.trams, tramways, safety, m>tram, passengers, behaviour

'Guinea Gold' newspaper was produced for Australian troops in New Guinea. Articles consist of reports from various war zones plus Australian home news. Paper collected by Arthur Ward Cooper No. VX132160. Part of the Cooper Collection.Four page newspaper with black text. paper is light brown in colour. Black and white photograph on page 3. Black and white map of Italy on page one. Banner bears the title "Guinea Gold" in large black type.cooper collection, newspaper, guinea gold, arthur ward cooper

Twenty four page knitting pattern book featuring black and white text and images. The colour cover shows two men wearing knitted jumpers, leaning against a car. One man is holding a bag of golf clubs.front: [printed] PATONS & BALDWINS' / "P&B" / BRAND / SPECIALITY / Knitting / Book / "P&B" / BRAND / No. 62 / 6D / "Douglas" / "Roy"fashion, design, knitwear, home made, wool, pattern book, patons

Blue linen hardcover book with gold, red, yellow, green and black decoration and text on the cover and spine. 95 p. b&w ill. By the author of "John Marriott". "A schoolboy's ambition". There is a book plate inside the front cover.fictionascot vale congregational sunday school, n.h. seward superintendent

Used to hold cards (e.g., bank cards, public transit smart cards, etc.) on the back of a smartphone by sticking to it (or a case) on the palm-facing side. Advertises the RTBU on one side.A recent item advertising the RTBU.Dark blue rectangular card holder with the URL for the RTBU, its logo and slogan ("The power of Union"), and its phone number. All text is printed in white. The opposite side has 3M 300LSE tape that is covered in protective paper.public transport, rtbu, unions

Edward (Edmund) de Lacy Evans was really Ellen Tremaye; and in 1856 she married her fellow passenger on her voyage to Australia, Mary Delahunty; under the assumed name of EDMUND De Lacy. In 1859 he/she married Sarah Moore. They were married for eight years when in 1867 she died in childbirth. In 1868 after Sarah had died; Ellen, now known as EDWARD de Lacy Evans married Julia Mary Marquand in Ballarat. From the Melbourne Argus Friday 5th Sept 1879, Page 7 THE EXTRAORDINARY PERSONATION CASE. [BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) SANDHURST, THURSDAY. The De Lacy Evans case has created great excitement here. The man-woman having resided in the district for about 20 years, was well known amongst the miners, but no one appeared ever to have supposed that she was other than as she represented herself to be, and the discovery of her sex has caused the greatest astonishment. The police have not yet moved in the matter of the discovery of her antecedents, but from the result of inquiries I have made, there seems to be no room to doubt that the woman is identical with the girl Ellen Tremaye, referred to in yesterday's telegram as having arrived at Melbourne by the ship Ocean Monarch in June, 1857. The nurse at the hospital, Mrs. Holt, is positive she is the same, and says the opinion was held amongst those on board the vessel that Tremaye had been well connected, and that she had left home in consequence of some misconduct. The Ocean Monarch was an immigrant vessel, and on the voyage Tremaye and another young woman, named Rose Kelly, were very intimate, but the latter, being seized with a dangerous illness, was left at Rio Janiero. Mrs. Evans, the wife of the supposed man, states that she frequently heard Evans say that she came out by the Ocean Monarch. But the most satisfactory information of Evans' previous history yet received has been obtained from a Mrs. Thompson, a charwoman at Myers' Creek, who was also a shipmate of the girl Tremaye. At the time she made the voyage she was unmarried, and was accompanied by Miss Mary Ann Delahunty, a young lady who was very well connected, and who came from the same village as herself, named Monakine, on the north bank of the river Suir, in Kilkenny. Miss Delahunty was an orphan and brought with her about £900. After Rose Kelly was taken ill, Tremaye resorted to Miss Delahunty's berth, and the passengers appeared to think there was something strange about the manner in which Tremaye conducted herself, and she had been observed to wear a man's under-clothing. Upon the arrival of the ship in Hobson's Bay, Tremaye declared herself to be a man, and told Mrs. Thompson she intended to marry Miss Delahunty. The next Mrs. Thompson saw of Ellen Tremaye was at Peg-leg Gully, Eaglehawk. Tremaye had just established herself in a house there under the name of Edward de Lacy Evans, and Mrs. Thompson went to serve them with milk. When she went to the house, she saw Evans sitting inside dressed in male attire, and immediately recognised him as her fellow passenger, Ellen Tremaye. Evans had, at this time, married his second wife, Miss Moore, who was then present. Evans re-marked to her—"I think I know you." To which Mrs. Thompson replied—"I know you, too," and added something to the effect that Ellen (referring to Tremaye) was a queer girl." Oh, said Evans, evidently anxious that his then wife should not understand Mrs. Thompson's reference, "It's a good job she is gone back to the old country." Mrs. Thompson inquired as to what had become of Miss Delahunty, and Evans replied, "Oh, my poor wife and boy both died of consumption, and are buried in the North Melbourne cemetery. " In reply to an inquiry as to what had been done with her (Delahunty's) money, Evans said she had sent it home to a nunnery. Evans's then wife had been absent during a portion of this conversation, but at this point she returned, and Evans went outside to the milkwoman, and said, "For your life don't mention my dead wife's name ; call me Mr. Evans. This missus of mine is death on the Roman Catholics, and she can't bear to hear my dead wife's name mentioned." This conversation took place about 12 or 14 years ago, and Mrs. Thompson seems to have quite believed that Evans had personated a woman under the name of Ellen Tremaye on the voyage out and was really a man. She lost sight of Evans soon afterwards, and took no further notice of the affair.Copies of Photographs of Tombstone - Eliza Jane Ponsford and daughter Matilda and Sarah De Lacy Evans (''who was the sister of Eliza Jane Ponsford''). One photo showing detail of text; the other showing background of cemetery. (De Lacey)eliza jane ponsford, ellen tremaye, sarah moore, julia mary marquand, mary delahunty, de lacy evans, de lacy, edward de lacy evans, edmund de lacy, bendigo

This window along with the the second window in the reredos was donated by the Misses Forge in memory of their brother, James Leslie Forge, 33yo, who died on the 23 April 1917 while working on his orchard in Wingello, NSW. A Footscray local, he had donated the funds (100 pounds) for the reredos of the St Peter chapel. Follow Me and Thou of little Faith in the Sanctuary of the Chapel were probably installed at or around the time that the building was erected. The windows are attributed to Brooks, Robinson & Co. on stylistic grounds, probably designed by William Wheildon and drawn up into a full scale cartoon by George H. Dancey c1918.Arched stained glass windows with design and texts from St. Matthew’s Gospel reference water by showing the Sea of Galilee and Christ stilling the water. The ornamental borders have the anchor of hope in the point directly central above the scene.‘Thou of little Faith Wherefore dost thou doubt’ Matt. 4.31 / To the Glory of God, and in loving memory of / J. Leslie Forge / This window is given by his sister R.F.altar, st peter chapel, flinders street, mission to seafarers, seamen's mission, mission to seamen, st peter, sailors, seamen, anchor, stained glass windows, win, 1917, ww1, memorial chapel, reredos, footscray, james leslie forge, ruby forge, forge's store, gifts-1917

This book works through a number of exercises with photographs illustrating the exercises. It was owned by W R Angus who was a doctor in Warrnambool coming to the city in 1939. He served during the war as a general surgeon and after the war took up ophthalmology as a speciality. He was a member of the state council of the AMA. he was keenly interested in cultural and civic activities and served on a number of community groups during his time in Warrnambool. He died in Cairns in 1970. The book itself was written by Staff Sergt Alfred Moss and was a popular resource for exercising and body building in the early part of the 20th century. At one time he was known as the strongest man in the British army.A book that is linked to a well- known Warrnambool resident and professional. The book itself is one of the earlier books on muscle building and is indicative of its time.Small blue card cover with dark blue text on front cover. Back cover is plain light blue. 72 pages. The front cover has a photograph of a man astride a horizontal bar with his right arm raised.Named inside front cover W R Angus..dr angus warrnambool, horizontal bar exercises, staff sergeant alfred moss

Part of the Bennetts Collection. See Catalogue No. 9726P for details of "Alva Bennetts" service1. Black and white photograph of a lady in uniform standing in front of a two storey brick building. 2. Accompanying newspaper article in black text. Includes the same photo as in 1. Newspaper clipping pasted on to stiff brown paper.1. Handwritten on back of photograph in black ink: 'Taken outside BCOF HQ 14.7.47, Lt Col Beischer's office by the way is two windows down from the left hand side of the door way!bennetts collection, alva bennetts, bcof, photograph, newspaper article

This document was taken from the body of a Viet Cong runner who was ambushed by a clearing patrol around the Bn Base in December 1968.A small propaganda flyer. Both sides have the heading "Xuan Ve Trong Trai Tu Binh", a black and white photograph of two men; one in a helmet is smiling at the camera, and the other is looking downwards. All text is in Vietnamese.propaganda, viet cong, 9 rar, lockwood graham keith, 3123358, major graham lockwood, royal australian infantry corps, queensland university regiment, citizens military forces (cmf), the royal australian regiment

Item in the collection re Colonel J. Swatton, refer Cat No 6719.2P for his service details.This is a pocket sized book. the cover is red buckram. on the front cover, embossed in gold, is the crest of Great Britain, under that is the phrase, Infantry Drill 1893, By Authority. It has 260 pages of written text, drawings and music (for bugle calls).passchendaele barracks trust, book, 1893, infantry drills

item in the collection re George Lunn VX 76842 2/9 Fld Coy, refer Cat No 5581 for his service history.Manual, Dismounted Drill for all Arms 71 pages (several missing) Contains 4 parts, all text in black, has some sketches, item held together by 3 staples, has 3 holes for folder attachment.manual, dismounted drill

This teaspoon is an example of electroplated cutlery that was affordable alternative to more expensive silver cutlery, popular in the late 19th and early 20th century. The teaspoon has been stamped with text on the back of its handle that describes the nickel silver alloy that it was made of, and that it was made in Sheffield, but does not mention the maker's name. The plain design and light weight of this teaspoon could mean that it was used as a common, everyday utensil. The text on the back includes the words 'wears wite', assuring the buyer that even if the silverplate wears or flakes off the surface, the metal beneath it will show the white colour typical of nickel silver, or German silver. This alloy of copper, nickel and zinc is often used as a base for electroplating and named Electro Plated Nickel Silver (EPNS). An exact match of this teaspoon's inscription "WEARS-WITE STAINLESS NICKEL SILVER SHEFFIELD" has been found on cutlery made by Viners Ltd., and has not yet been found on flatware made by other manufacturers. Other cutlers have used very similar text but have used 'rustless' instead of 'stainless' and 'white throughout' instead of 'wears-wite'. Viners Limited was established in Sheffield in 1901 by Adolphe Viner and his sons. By 1908 they had a manufacturing plant in Bath Street, Sheffield, and went on to be the leading cutlers in the United Kingdom. They expanded to Hong Kong and Japan, and from 1925 they used the trademarks 'Alpha', 'Resilco' and 'Wear-wite stainless silver nickel'. They were appointed as Royal Cutlers to King George V in 1930, at which time their trademark was still 'Wear-wite' followed by the words 'Rustless Nickle Silver'. They continued to expand and prosper over the years. The Viners name is still being used by the current owners, the Rayware Group. In 2018 the Viners name celebrated 110 years as specialists in flatware. This teaspoon is historically significant, dating from the mid-1920s and made by a leading Sheffield silversmiths, Viners Limited, established in 1901 and continuing on with cutlery still branded with the Viner’s name today. Viners who were appointed as Royal Cutlers in 1930 by King George V. The teaspoon is an example of silver plated cutlery in common everyday use in the earlier half of the 20th century. This Viners teaspoon is unique in our collection as an item produced by Viners Ltd. and bearing the stamp ‘Wear-wite”.Teaspoon, small, thin, nickel silver plated. Narrow plain handle flares out to a wide, rounded end. Maker’s marks are stamped on the reverse. Made in Sheffield, England.“WEARS-WITE STAINLESS / NICKEL SILVER SHEFFIELD”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, electroplate, electro plate, nickel silver, nickel alloy, alloy composition, copper nickel zinc, german silver, epns, silversmiths, victorian era, 19th century, flatware, tableware, cutlery, cutler, dining utensils, eating utensils, silver-white metal, wears-wite stainless nickel silver sheffield, teaspoon, sheffield, wear-wite, silver nickel, stainless, rustless

Anthropodermic Bibliopegy is the name given to the use of human leather to bind books. The name stems from the combination of the Greek root words, human (Anthropos), skin (derma), book (biblion), and fasten (pegia). The practice of creating anthropodermic books was popular throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. Most commonly, anthropodermic books are medical tomes, with the human leather taken from medical cadavers. Others were produced after criminal trials, with the criminal’s skin used to enclose the record of their own death sentences, creating a form of punishment that would surpass death. Other anthropodermic books contain poems or are religious texts. This book was written and printed in 1599 but most probably was rebound later when creation of anthropodermic books became more predominant. The book is a small tome of a religious nature containing the work of Bishop Thomas Bilson, who in a puritanical voice states that the primary argument articulated in this book is that “the metaphorical Calvinist interpretation of Hell as an exclusion from God was accurate then Christ's descent into hell after his crucifixion must refer to an actual existent hell as Christ was neither subject to sin nor able to be separated from the Divine.” The unusual cover of the book has led to many questions, the main being whether the book is covered with human skin. It was confirmed as such in 2014 with DNA testing undertaken by honours student Talanna Buckley at Federation University finding an 100% match to human DNA on the outside cover of the book. This is one of only two confirmed anthropodermic books in Australia, the other is housed at the National Library of Australia. Other forms of testing the leather of books have been found to be more accurate than DNA testing. For example, before DNA testing or PMF (Peptide Mass Fingerprinting) are undertaken many books have been identified as made from human skin through the close examination of the skins patterning. Hair follicles are the focus of the examination as certain patterns and sizes lend themselves to being human. However, many of these books have been proven to not be bound in human skin, the same can be said of books with inscriptions claiming them as anthropodermic. Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) testing has been found to be the most reliable way of confirming a leather bindings origin. This process involves the sampling of collagen-based materials, cutting the protein to gain specific amino acid combinations which form individual peptide sequences. Each mammal has an individual amino acid sequence in its collagen therefore its peptide mass combination is unique. This form of test can provide a more accurate outcome as collagen will be preserved for longer after the tanning process and will not be damaged in the same way DNA can be by the tanning process. DNA testing can also provide false positives as trace DNA from someone touching the book could be amplified and provide the reading instead of that of the leather itself. However, this book was tested with many controls as well as specific decontamination procedures in order to ensure that it was not trace DNA being tested. This book is historically and spiritually significant because it is a rare example of an early printed English Christian religious tract produced in Old English and Latin.. Its association with Thomas Bilson, who oversaw the final printing and publication of the King James Bible, is important. The covering of this book has been tested for human dna. Findings prove the book is covered with human skin, increasing the rarity of the object.420 page book with unusual leather cover. The book is written in Old English with passages in latin. There is a pressed petal between p.68 and 69. The covering of this book is made of human skin. The practice of binding books in human skin, also known as anthropodermic bibliopegy.Inside cover - James Hendy No 17 (Fu)gends Road Palmers Village Westminster. The gift of his mother Mrs Thomas Hendy. Some notes made through text eg p.112, and a passage written on the last page.religion, bible, edward lowe, edward lotos, thomas bilson, anthropodermic bibliopegy, james hendy, full redemption, religious, leather, wilson, winchester, jesus, puritanical, puritans, bungey, bilson, human skin, skin, human skin cover, human skin binding