This bellows was used at the Warrnambool Racecourse by Master Farrier, Brian Chapman (1931-2017), during the 1970s but its history before then is still being investigated. The bellows have continued to be used from 1978 at Flagstaff Hill's blacksmith's workshop. Even today, in 2021, this same bellows are used by a volunteer blacksmith as he demonstrate the skills and tells of the importance of the blacksmith trade to colonial Australia. This 1860s double-action bellows is a typical form of blacksmith's or shipsmith's bellows. The end is forge-fitted with an iron nozzle or tube, called a tuyere or Tue iron, which concentrates the air to fan the fire or furnace. Tuyeres were traditionally made of cow horn. The double-action design of this bellows efficiently moves air both in and out of the chambers in the one movement of the long handle. The bellows was manufactured by John C. Onions of Birmingham, England, between 1862 and 1875. The stamp with the text, Gold Medal 1862, was also used on the business’ advertising. In 1875 the company was registered and began using the name John C. Onions Limited. JOHN C. ONIONS - John C. (Collingwood) Onions (1841-1904) was the son of a bellows maker of the same name. Onions (born 1841) and his wife Helen married in 1867 and they named one of their children John Collingwood Onions (1868-1913), as was the family tradition. He was well known as a Birmingham manufacturer of patented bellows and other forge-related equipment. He sold to the wholesale and retail markets for both local and overseas customers, including the British colonies. An 1862 advertisement points out that John C. Onions was a “Bellows manufacturer and contractor to Her Majesty’s Honourable Board of Ordinance” and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French [Napoleon Bonaparte]”. The advertisement includes a sketched portrait of the Emperor Napoleon III, and an Imperial Autograph Letter dated May 23, 1854, from Napoleon, Palace of the Tulleries to Mr J C Onions of Bradford Street, Birmingham. In 1863 the company registered a patent on portable forges. In 1871 there were eight employees. John C. Onions Limited became a registered company in 1875. In 1876 an advertisements included that the company were smiths for hearths and tools in general and showed a row of six medallions including one with “Napoleon III, Emperor” and his portrait, and another “ _ _ _ 1862 MEDAL”. Their advertising motto was “For Excellence of Quality”. In 1885 the company merged with William Allday and Sons to become Allday and Onions. This mid-19th century bellows has local historical significance as it were once used by blacksmiths at the Warrnambool Racecourse in the annual racing event that continues today. This bellows is significant as a working example of equipment used in the 1800 and 1900s in the trace of blacksmiths and other metal working smiths. The bellows is technologically significant as it shows the progress from simple bellows to the double-action bellows, a time saving and efficient improvement. The manufacturer John C. Onions is historically significant as a family business that began in the 1600s and continued up until the 1980s.Bellows; large, oval, mechanical double-action smith’s bellows, manually operated, in working condition. The paddles of wood that form the top, middle sections and base of the bellows have flexible leather pieces attached firmly between them, forming airtight double lungs. Cut-outs in the panels allow the bellows to fill with air then force it out. A long handle is connected to pump the bellows and control the quantity and force of the air. The blasts of air are forced through the metal nozzle or tuyere at the end of the bellows and into the forge’s fire. Inscriptions are impressed into the wood on the upper paddle or board of the bellows. There are three circular stamps containing text. Text impressed in the wooden upper paddle of the bellows has been assumed to read “JOHN C. ONIONS, PATENTEES & MANUFACTURERS, BIRMINGHAM””?” “EXTRA” “AWARDED FOR EXCELLENCE OF QUALITY”, made from the following readable text :- “JOHN C ONIONS“ “PATENT - - - & MAN - - - - - - - - -“, “BIR - - - - HAM“, “ _ ERA - - - - “- XTRA-“, “- - - - - - - FOR EXCELL-“ “OF - - - - ITY” Text in the stamp “ - - ECE - - “, “ - - - - - / 1862 / MEDAL”, “- ITY” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, john collingwood onions, john c onions, allday and onions, bellows, smith’s bellows, 19th century bellows, double-action bellows, double-acting bellows, double lung bellows, double chamber bellows, blacksmith tools, blacksmith trade, blacksmith craft, blacksmith equipment, forging equipment, john c onions patented double-action bellows, brian chapman, warrnambool racecourse, blacksmith, shipsmith, iron smith, mechanical bellows

THE BUILDINGS IN THE PHOTOGRAPH INCL. R. THOMAS DRAPERY SHOP, DOUBLE STOREY CLUB HOTEL AND DOUBLE STOREY ORIGINAL BANK, NOW R.S.L BUILDING..1 POSTCARD OF CLUNES MAIN STREET. .2 COPY OF .1.1 ON REVERSE - PERSONAL NOTE TO KATIE FROM M C WEICKHARDT, ON FRONT FRASER STREET, CLUNES, VICTORIA REAL PHOTO SERIES M2352local history, photography, photographs, shops, r. thomas drapery, clunes township

Ring Auger, Double Twist with Lead Screw, �" bit, 580mm long, with shaped wooden handle.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

Morrison Kleeman Real Estate sales information material. Property history Sold $1,005,000 August 16, 2018 by Morrison Kleeman - Eltham, Greensborough, Doreen Sold $165,000 June 1, 1986 https://www.realestate.com.au/property/1-abbey-mews-eltham-vic-3095/ Colour brochure, 4 pages, 1 fold, double sided, 23.5 x 23.5 cmgayle blackwood collection, houses, morrison kleeman real estate, abbey mews, eltham, properties, woodridge estate

Publicity from Diamond Valley Leader of a Community Arts Project Kim Tarpey led at Judge Book. Also includes other stories: Part of history dies, Diamond Valley News, Tuesday, October 9, 1990, p26 Paintings, drawings on show, Diamond Valley News, Tuesday, October 9, 1990, p71 Motor Service Guide, Diamond Valley News, Tuesday, October 9, 1990, p72 Newsprint; double page spread from newspaper incorporating pages 25-26 and 71-721932 premiers, advertisements, art exhibition, banner project, banners, beverly madden, eltham community centre, marj shattock, eltham football club, glad offer, harold william weidlich, joan burton, judge book village, kim tarpey, lana hosking, lyn church, obituary, painters of nillumbik

Delia Faye Cowie boarded at Clarendon Presbyterian Ladies College 1956 - 1960. She was Vice House Captain of Cairns in her final year. A keen sportswoman Faye won this trophy at the Annual Athletics Day. Faye gained her Intermediate School certificate in 7 subjects and studied nursing after leaving the school. Faye also won 1960 Senior Championship and 1956 Junior Championship.Small silver cup with double handles with silver stem and melamine base; engraving on face of cup.Engraved on face: C. P. L. C. / INTERMEDIATE ATHLETICS CHAMPION / 1958 / Faye Cowiefaye-cowie, sports

Delia Faye Cowie boarded at Clarendon Presbyterian Ladies College 1956 - 1960. She was Vice House Captain of Cairns in her final year. A keen sportswoman Faye won this trophy at the Annual Athletics Day. Faye gained her Intermediate School certificate in 7 subjects and studied nursing after leaving the school. Faye also won 1960 Senior Championship and 1958 Intermediate Championship.Tiny silver sup with double handles and silver stem on melamine base; engraved on face of cup. Engraved on face: C.P.L.C. / Junior Champion / 1956 / F Cowiefaye-cowie, sports

Malcolm McKenzie entered the school in 1923 and again in 1929 and left in 1933. A highly competitive sportsman, this trophy was awarded to him as Under 16 Champ in 1930. The school also holds his Open and Under 16 champion trophy in 1931 (it is unknown if this relates to swimming or athletics). He also won the Overall Swimming Champion trophy in 1932. This 1930 trophy is unusual because it does not bear the school crest or name. Tiny silver cup with double handles with silver stem and melamine stand; engraving on face of cup.Engraved on face: 2nd / under 16 CHAMP / 1930 / M.K.MCKENZIEmalcolm-mckenzie, sports, 1930

Sandra Deveson attended Clarendon Presbyterian Ladies College 1955 - 1960. She was a Prefect for Walker 1960, Vice Captain 1st Tennis '58-'60, and member of the netball team 1960; In 1959 an inaugural inter-school tennis competition was played. Clarendon defeated High School and Queens but were defeated by Mary's Mount (see The Touchstone December 1959 p, 36) Sandra returned to the school as a teacher and Walker House Mistress 1968-1973, 1975, 1985-1997 and 1999. Medium silver cup with double handles and silver stem on melamine base; engraving on face of cup. Engraved on face: Clarendon P.L.C. / For improvement / in Tennis 1958 / Senior / Sandra Devesonsandra-deveson, sports, clarendon-presbyterian-ladies-college, tennis

This poster shows Pretty Valley is on the Victorian High Plains where the State Electricity Commission of Victoria worked on the Kiewa Hydro Scheme. Also cattle have grazed in the area over the years. This map is of interest to compare the flora in the area with times prior to 1982 and after 1982.This poster has historical and research value as it shows the flora in the pretty valley area therefore making it significant for people interested in plants. Also for those who would like to compare what plants are still in this area after 1982 and if the cattle grazing, climate change, of bush fires have had on the environment. Thus this poster also has good interpretive capacity of these reasons. Laminated double sided vegetation map and photographic guide to Alpine flora of the Pretty Valley areapretty valley. bogong. vegetation. plants. flowers. alpine. victorian high plains. cattle grazing. s.e.c.v.

Manchester used at the timeDouble bed bedspread, ecru coloured crocheted, scalloped edges, small medallions. Made of cottoncotton, bedspread, crotcheted, manchester

The Humffray Street Primary School of opened on 10 January 1976.Double storey brick school in Humffray Street Ballarat East. It shows the Humffray Street frontage. humffray street primary school, education

Double sided drawing of a pram, most probably completed in preparation for a signwriting project by Keith rashkeith rash, k.e. rash, signwriting

Frank Wright was a renown resident of Smeaton, where he was born. He lived at Laura Villa, and attended Smeaton State School. His father William was a gold miner and his mother's name was Sarah. Their family won many singing and instrumental awards. Frank was tutored by Percy Code and was awarded a gold medal for the highest marks in the ALCM examinations in the British Colonies at the age of seventeen years. He became the Australian Open Cornet Champion by the age of eighteen. A year later, Frank conducted the City of Ballarat Band, and later the Ballarat Soldiers’ Memorial Band. He formed the Frank Wright Frisco Band and Frank Wright and his Coliseum Orchestra. These bands won many South Street awards, and Frank as conductor won many awards in the Australian Band Championship contest. In 1933 Frank Wright sailed to England to conduct the famous St Hilda’s Band and was later appointed Musical Director of the London County Council, where he organized many amazing concerts in parks, in and around the London district. He was made Professor of Brass and Military Band Scoring and conducted at the Guildhall of Music and Drama. Frank was often invited to adjudicate Brass Band Championships around Europe, in Australia, including South Street and in New Zealand. The Frank Wright Medal at the Royal South Street competition is awarded to an individual recognized as making an outstanding contribution to brass music in Australia.Black and white photograph of the torso of a man in a dark double breasted suit. The man is Frank Wright.Printed on back - Jerome Stamped on back - 26 June 1939frank wright, cornet, conductor, brassband

Double-sided single typewritten foolscap page school community newsletter dated September, 1962.Includes 5-point paragraph on School Affairs by A.H. Stuchberry, Headmaster.

Black and white photograph of two double decker trams in Hong Kong. 'Waldorf Hotel' in background.person, individual, basil miller

Kerosene table lamp, pink glass base and font, brass gallery,double flat wick.

Coloured photograph of east side of Museum showing large double doors and corner of implement shed.schwerkolt cottage & museum complex, nunawading & district historical society

Used by farmers when handling bags of wheat, bran etc. - also used in grain stores, grocers' shops etc.Double iron hooks attached to small wooden handle. Handle recently renewed. Brass washer.tools, lifting equipment, agriculture

A4 covering letter and 3 pages (2 double sided) of an article from VACC Journalnon-fictionAn article about a seminar held adt the Body Repair Division at Jim Shepherd's Shop at Mitchammitcham, jim shepherd's shop

The Flying Dogtor production schedule for all 52 episodes including when each episode is broadcast, between February and April 1964.The Flying Dogtor" series was broadcast on Australian Television Network (later becoming the Seven Network) between February and April 1964.Typewritten carbon copy cutoff page, plus double page foolscap handwritten tabular schedule.the flying dogtor, robin boyd, crawford productions

Round ivory coloured plastic container, possibly for powder, with lid and double banding around sides.personal effects, containers, powder