The Olivetti company was founded in Italy in 1908.This particular typewriter is a Olivetti Lettera 22, oblique front stroke and portable manufactured after 1950. The 1950s and 1960s was a time when British manufactured goods were still purchased by many Australian consumers. The later 1960s onwards, there was a shift, mainly in the cities, to European made goods. The invasion of Japanese manufactured goods was relatively slower, especially in rural areas. The demand for long lasted and dependable merchandise was in the rural area still the most important criteria. The ease of setting up this typewriter and its compact mobility was its major benefit to trades people and travelling professionals, e.g. rural doctors, other medical professionals, accountants, lawyers and educators. This item facilitated the growing numbers of professional nomads requiring a relatively light office stationery package e.g. travelling novelist, writer, businessman and academics. This typewriter needed no electrical or battery power to operate it. Outback Australia, where at this point in time, was still relatively isolated from a good available electrical power reticulation and battery power, and therefore could not be totally measured as a highly efficient office environment.Although this typewriter was purchased from a business in Penrith, Sydney, N.S.W., it is significant that it travelled easily to the Kiewa Valley, demonstrating the mobility of certain sections of the community. This typewriter was designed by an Italian industrial designer, Marcello Nizzoli, in line with the art deco style of the 1930s and the colour and flexibility of the vibrant 1950s. The underlying theme of manufacturing in the 1950s was to produce equipment that was more efficient than what was inherited from the earlier period of 20th century. Improvements were made to this Olivetti typewriter by Giuseppe Beccio by reducing the number of parts made from 3,000 to 2,000. This reduction of parts and therefore cost of production was the major principle of the Japanese manufacturing juggernauts of the post World War II era. Efficiency and low costs material was becoming prime factors in the success of rural industries from the 1960s. Competition from overseas producers was starting to affect rural industries and the removal of the large range of tariff protection, especially rural products, required not only a shift of farm management but a more efficient cost savings modus operandi. This Olivetti Lettera 22, oblique front stroke portable (weighs 4kg) mechanical typewriter has a coral coloured plastic casing. The keys are made of black hardened plastic with white lettering, numbers and symbols (imperial fractions, and pound). It has a QWERTY keyboard as opposed to the Italian QZERTY. It has a lever to move the ribbon between black, neutral (for mimeograph stencils)and red colours (a red key is provided for highlighting specific words,letters or symbols) . This machine is fitted with only a black ribbon. It has a black rubber paper rollers and chromed metal parts on the carriage way. It has four rubber feet underneath the main body. On the left side of the roller there is a lever to adjust the roller from fixed (when mobile) through 1,2 and 3 line space gradients. This model has a key for zero but not one for the number one (uppercase letter l is used) see KVHS 0459 for the carrying bag.On the cover over the ribbon wheels letter strikers has a plate marked "Lettera 22" and the back plate behind the paper roller and in front of the paper supports has a silver metal label marked "olivetti made in great britain".commercial, mobile office equipment, mechanical typewriter

Concise historical record of events rather than people. Contents include early settlement, gold discovery in 1853, early water problems, public institutions. Mention of Chinese on Tarrangower, and German and Italian settlers. Book of 86 Pagesmaldon, tarrangower, gold, victoria

MS Achille Lauro was a cruise ship based in Naples, Italy. Built between 1939 and 1947 as MS Willem Ruys, a passenger liner for the Rotterdamsche Lloyd, it was hijacked by members of the Palestine Liberation Front in 1985.Mrs B SmythA framed oil painting of the passenger ship Achille LauroAchille Lauropassenger ship, achille lauro, oil painting, dacre smyth

Antoinetta COVINO-BEEHRE born Avellino, Italy arrived Australia 1968 This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.This work was exhibited as part of "Parallel Prints", a Prints project which presents the same exhibition simultaneously in New Zealand, at Art at Wharepuke and at a gallery in another part of the world. Eleven Australian artists were invited to join New Zealand-based printmaker Mark Graver to contribute to a portfolio that will be shown simultaneously at Art at Wharepuke, New Zealand and the Art Gallery of Ballarat, Victoria. Using the uniqueness of the reproducible print allows for the same works to be viewed at the same time on opposite sides of the world. This highlights the democratic nature of printmaking and questions the aura of the unique. Which venue is showing the 'real' work? Which the reproduction? The Australian artists showing alongside Mark Graver are James Pasakos, Bruno Leti, Martin King, David Frazer, John Neeson, Antonietta Covino-Beehre, Deborah Klein, Deborah Williams, Melissa Smith, Jodi Heffernan and Susanna Castleden. The original concept, Parallel Prints NZ-UK in 2013, included invited artists from the UK and New Zealand. It featured the work of twelve diverse artists presented in a portfolio set. Each artist contributed one work on 300 x 300 mm paper in an edition of thirty-six. Part of the concept behind the project was to donate twelve of the portfolio sets to international collections. Institutions that have accepted a portfolio include the Victoria & Albert Museum and The Ashmolean Museum in the UK, the Jinling Museum of Art in Nanjing, China, and the Whangarei Art Museum, in New Zealand. In 2015 a portfolio set was donated to the Federation University Art Collection. lls '2/36' lc 'Shadow of the Night' lrs ''Antoinetta Covino-Beehre'artist, artwork, antoinetta cravino-beehre, printmaking, parallel prints

Parma House was bult by Italian born Fabrizio Crippa. It was restored from a burnt wreck to Villa Parma by Richard Rigby and Franchek. Walls were scraped back to the original, and burnt umber detailing added. Colour photographs of Villa Parma, Main Road, Heburn Springs.villa parma, fabrizio crippa, parma house, richard rigby, kevin flintoff, garden, hepburn springs

Brass shell case with various insignia attachedInsignia; Royal Marines Epaulette;Royal Marines Gibralter; Kings Own Scotland Borderers;Royal Army Ordnance Corp;Australian Engineers; Australian Intelligence Corp;Tank Corp Badges;Australian Rising Sun Hat Badge AIF;Tunic Collar Badge AIF; Australian Epaulette AIF;Australian Artillery Hat Badge Perm Forces;Cross Cannons with No 70 Italian found in abandoned fort in North Africa1941;Eagle with spread wings Italian pound in abandoned fort North Africa

Of the seventeen items on this board, most appear to be from British military units – Rifle Regiments, Despatch, etc. They appear to be shoulder and arm patches or badges. One appears to be of German origin and two come from Italy. This item is of great interest, firstly because it is a good example of the crude, but effective way, items were organized for display at the Warrnambool Historical Society in the 1960s and 70s. Secondly, the display contains an interesting variety of military insignia, many requiring further study.This is a piece of cardboard covered with black cloth which has been stitched to the board with black cotton. Attached to the cloth by metal clips are 17 metal and cloth badges and insignia from military units. The cloth material is red, white and green. ‘Gott Mit Uns’military insignia, history of warrnambool

Watsonia artist Marcello D'Amico's volunteer work was recognised with an award from the Victorian Multiculturalism Commission. D'Amico has been a volunteer for the Italian Pensioners Federation of Victoria, and affiliated social clubs for the last 30 years.News clipping, black text, colour image.watsonia artist, marcello damico, victorian multiculturalism commission award

aircraft engines of the Second World War. Particularly focusing on the state of aircraft engines in 1944. Considers engines from the United States of America, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan and the USSR (Soviet Russia). engines, aircraft engines, second world war, 1944

This photograph was taken during a tour of the Drystone Asociation to Yandoit. Sir James and Lady Gobbo were in the party. Maurie Gervasoni is the son of Cling Gervasoni and Grandson of Carlo Gervasoni of San Gallo, Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.Colour photograph of Maurie Gervasoni sitting in front of a drystone wall at Yandoit.yandoit creek, drystone, maurie gervasoni

Luigi Germano was from Asti, Italy. The home of the late Rene and Tony Saligari was built on the site of the former Yandoit Hills State School. The school was moved to the corner of Main Rd and Seventh Street, Yandoit Creek.Colour landscape view of a drystone house built at Yandoit Creek by Luigi Germano, and a weatherboard house built by Tony and Rene Saligari.luigi germano, yandoit creek, yandoit hills state school

This type of forceps was invented by Italian surgeon Paolo Assalini (1759-1840). Obstetrical forceps gripped a baby’s head during difficult childbirths. Assalini’s design was immediately popular and was manufactured until the 1930s. (Wellcome Collection) Set of Assalini style forceps. Consists of two forcep blades made of plated metal. The middle section of each blade is crosshatched to allow for grip, and each blade ends in a round hook that curves inwards. One blade features a metal tab, and the other a slot, on the inner edge of the round hook that allows the blades to fasten together. There are two handwritten tags attached to the forceps. The first reads 'ASSALINI'S FORCEPS/ P/B I.B.S.T./Made by/ A.J.TAYLOR'. The second tag reads 'MADE BY/ A.J/TAYLOR/No. 3' on one side, and 'H.A./TAYLOR & SONS/(SURGICAL)/PTY LTD' on the other side. forceps, obstetric

Ithacan Greeks have a musical tradition influenced by the Italian cantanda style that is very melodic. The bands featured in the photographs were well-known entertainers on Ithaca. The mandolin, violin and piano accordion were popular instruments. As part of the Ionian Islands, Ithaca was under Venetian control for many years and as such a Venetian influence in evident in the islands musical tradition.A collage of four photographs, mounted and white board and laminated. Each photograph features a musical group made up of a variety of musical instruments which include accordions, violins, guitars, mandolins, wind instruments and drums. There is a caption under each photograph which gives information about the groups.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the italian families were involved in tobacco farming. These scales were bought from Arthur Barnard in 1962.Historical: Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.Iron circular plate attached to iron frame with rings attached to rings at both ends. 1 end facing frontwards and second end facing sideways. At 1 end is a back to front iron S formed as a hook. Attached to the middle of the plate is a very thin and sharp pointer. The plate is attached to a rectangular iron solid rectangle. Used to weigh leaf when bailing.0 - 250 numbers (by 10s) and measurements faintly inscribed around the edge of the plate.tobacco. kiewa valley. mongans bridge. arthur barnard. scales. rossaro.

Camp 13, Murchison. Property owned by Jim Finnegan. German, Italian, Japanese prisoners of war held between 1941 - 1946. Shows the remains of what is left of the goal used by Camp 13 Murchison during WW2.Camp 13, Camp Road, Murchison. Camp 13 goal. Solid brick building showing individual cells, roofless, tree right mid-distrance. murchison victoria, goal, prison cells, pow, camp internees, jim finnegan

Benedictine Monk - From Christian times nursing was not a women's vocation. Hospitals and Monasteries cared for the sick and poor. In 529 an Italian Monk Benedictine set up Monasteries with his fellow monks and Christianity spread across EuropeMiniature Doll - 30cm Dressed in long brown gown with chain belt around middle extending the full length of the gown.Name tag - Benedictine Monknursing uniforms, nursing history, northern district school of nursing

Gus Gervasoni's grandfather, Luigi Gervasoni, was born in San Gallo, Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy and joined his brothers in Australia in 1863. He settled at Yandoit Creek, where Gus was born to George Gervasoni and Anne Pedretti. Gus Gervasoni stands beside the Gervasoni crest in his Hepburn Springs house. gus gervasoni, gervasoni crest

Framed photograph of Flight Lieutenant E W LinsPlaque affixed; "Donated to THE FRANKSTON RSL 23-8-93 By FLIGHT/LIEUT. E.W. LINS R.A.F - R.A.A.F CX 203 - 521A . ATTACHED 4 YEARS 1942 1946 MIDDLE EAST - ITALY - SICILY "LEST WE FORGET"ww2, e w lins, raaf

LithographSigned and dated 'J. Senbergs. '85.' lower right corner under printed image. Titled 'Looking at Jesus Houses in Italy' centre bottom under print. Edition CT/P in lower left corner under printed image.

Pillow cases belonged to Mrs Paul Spidaro and were brought from Italy. They were given to her as a wedding gift in 1920. Paul Spidaro was a bootmaker in Orbost in the 1950's. The donor Mrs Meevwenoord was a bowling friend of the Spidaros.This item is aesthetically significant as an example of early 20th century needlework.Very fine embroidered pillow cases of linen with scalloped edge. Set of two.pillow-cases manchester-bedding hancrafts needlework

Ballarat School of Mines Students' Magazine, 1958, School Council, Members of Staff, A Balanced Education, Principal's Page, Prominent Personalities, Sports Awards, Sports, Italian Coachwork Sets the Fashion, The "White Australia Policy", Roll CallYellow front page soft cover with green inscriptions on front cover, 56 pagesballarat school of mines students' magazine, staff, sports, peter robinson, r. w. richards, lansell groat, elizabeth scott, patrick collier, nelson hails, biruta mellins, william widdop, frank pomeroy, alan clarke, kaspars bitans, walter reimann, gladys hocking, keith alexander, anthony yeung chai shing, yep kwok ming, archari kasibhrimi sarikananda, teddy gan ben chiang, richard tann, somsack satapuntu, chermsak tanskul, charles tai, chit cheng foo, bob skewes, john mckenzie, keith crouch, murray gillin, john skuja, mr ken scull

Fabrizio Crippa of Monza, Italy built a double storey villa in 1864 on the Main Road in Hepburn Springs. The surrounding land was planted with vines and fruit trees. The pear tree is most probably one of Fabrizio Crippa's original plantings.Am old pear tree stands in a garden with a building in the back ground. hepburn, hepburn springs, pear, villa parma, parma house, crippa, fabrizio crippa

Banner was souvenired by Trooper Frank J. Fry, 3rd ALH Regiment No 2315. Trooper Fry also served in the Imperial Camel Corps in Palestine from 1916 to mid 1918 when he rejoined the 3rd ALH Regiment White silk banner featuring the flags of eight WW1 allied nations (Great Britian, France, Belgium, Japan, Serbia, Italy, Russia, Egypt.) The flags surround a raised life buoy over an embroidered anchor. Inside the life buoy is space for a photograph. At the bottom of the banner is a gold coloured rectangular frame housing a coloured print of a naval battle. The banner is topped with "Victory for the Allies."Over an embroidered King's Crown Banner is mounted on cardboard and covered with a clear cellophane Embroidered on top of banner. "Victory to the Allies."souvenier, ww1, flags, trooper frank j. fry.

The Norman Oliver collection. Norman Oliver was three times Mayor of Bendigo - 1950-51, 1964-65, 1970-71. Three pages of typed notes titled 'The Mayor Speaks 13 February 1965'. Topics include : tertiary education, Senator Harrie Wade, and B.L.B. Corporation in Breen St., a Bendigo factory which produces woven fabric, and exports to Italy and other countries.bendigo, council, report, norman joseph oliver , councillor norman oliver. mayor of bendigo. b.l.b. corporation (bendigo)

These Wodonga photos are part of a collection donated by Miss Olive Codling. Arthur Dunstan Arthur Dunstan established mills at Red Bluff on the Mitta and a timber yard at Wodonga. He also built a sawmill at Glen Wills in 1931 which operated for about 16 years. A larger and more modern sawmill with drying kilns was erected at Eskdale in 1947. He was contracted to build Wodonga’s Municipal sale yards in 1935, followed by the Wangaratta sale yards. This created so many forward orders that he bought a large block of land on the corner of Beechworth and Tallangatta Roads and opened a timber mill and hardware store. The business stood on this corner for about 40 years. A large proportion of the company's timber output was processed at the Wodonga yards into flooring, weatherboards, mouldings etc. and practically the whole output was distributed locally and throughout the Riverina and eastern areas of New South Wales, and Canberra. At its peak Dunstan’s was one of the biggest sawmilling businesses in Victoria and in Wodonga employed 150 people and milled l6,000,000 super feet of timber annually. A super foot is a measurement for timber, equal to one foot square by one inch thick. Arthur Dunstan also built Tower Place in High Street. He died in Wodonga in 1963 and the business was continued on by his sons. Dunstan’s timber yards in Wodonga were sold to Ezerd Industries in 1987 with the retail section being bought by BBC Hardware.This photo collection is significant as it documents how the businesses and buildings in Wodonga have evolved and contributed to community throughout the 20th century.The first business at this location was a timber will and hardware store established by Arthur Dunstan in 1935. It operated there for about 40 years. Businesses from left to right: Dry Cleaner, Delicatessen, Twin Cities Fruit & Vege Market, Ollies Family Restaurant, Victoria Star Hot Bread Kitchen, Trophies and Gifts, and Horseland. This area is not referred to as Southside and the former Horseland premises are not occupied by an Italian restaurant.wodonga businesses, dunstan's corner wodonga, thomas mitchell drive