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Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Lead shot, Before 1878
The objects comprise a quantity of small calibre lead shot raised from the LOCH ARD shipwreck site by Flagstaff Hill divers in 1976. The Maritime Village’s collection has companion pieces. The three masted, iron hulled, LOCH ARD was wrecked against the tall limestone cliffs of Mutton Bird Island in the early hours of the first of June 1878. Included in her diverse and valuable cargo were 22 tons of lead shot, packed in cloth bags and wooden casks. Bulk quantities of lead shot, uniformly round balls of dull grey metal ranging from 2mm “birdshot” to 8mm “buckshot”, were routinely exported to the Australian colonies. Shot was used mostly as projectiles fired from smooth bored guns to bring down moving targets such as wild ducks and small game. It was also useful as ballast, when a dense, “pourable” weight was required to fill cavities or establish volume within a measuring container. The production of consistently round spheres of lead shot required the pouring of molten metal through a sieve and then a long drop through the atmosphere to a water filled basin for final cooling and collection. This “shot tower” process was first patented by William Watts of Bristol in 1782. His calculation of a 150 feet fall was not only to form evenly spherical droplets through surface tension, but also to provide partial cooling and solidification to each shot before they hit the water below. The value of his innovation was the minimising of indentation and shape distortion, avoiding the expense of re-smelting and re-moulding the lead. Lead shot was already being produced in Australia at the time the LOCH ARD loaded her cargo and left Gravesend on the second of March 1878. James Moir constructed a 157 feet circular stone shot tower near Hobart in 1870, with a peak annual production of 100 tons of lead shot sold in 28 pound linen bags. However colonial demand exceeded this source of local supply. The continued strength of the market for lead shot in the Colony of Victoria prompted substantial investment in additional productive capacity in Melbourne in the next decade. In 1882 Richard Hodgson erected the 160 feet round chimney-shaped Clifton Hill shot tower on Alexandra Parade (VHR H0709) and in 1889 Walter Coop built the 160 feet square tower-shaped Melbourne Central shot tower on La Trobe Street (VHR H0067). At its peak, the Coop Tower produced 6 tons of lead shot per week, or 312 tons per annum. HISTORY OF THE LOCH ARD The LOCH ARD belonged to the famous Loch Line which sailed many ships from England to Australia. Built in Glasgow by Barclay, Curdle and Co. in 1873, the LOCH ARD was a three-masted square rigged iron sailing ship. The ship measured 262ft 7" (79.87m) in length, 38ft (11.58m) in width, 23ft (7m) in depth and had a gross tonnage of 1693 tons. The LOCH ARD's main mast measured a massive 150ft (45.7m) in height. LOCH ARD made three trips to Australia and one trip to Calcutta before its final voyage. LOCH ARD left England on March 2, 1878, under the command of Captain Gibbs, a newly married, 29 year old. She was bound for Melbourne with a crew of 37, plus 17 passengers and a load of cargo. The general cargo reflected the affluence of Melbourne at the time. On board were straw hats, umbrella, perfumes, clay pipes, pianos, clocks, confectionary, linen and candles, as well as a heavier load of railway irons, cement, lead and copper. There were items included that intended for display in the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. The voyage to Port Phillip was long but uneventful. At 3am on June 1, 1878, Captain Gibbs was expecting to see land and the passengers were becoming excited as they prepared to view their new homeland in the early morning. But LOCH ARD was running into a fog which greatly reduced visibility. Captain Gibbs was becoming anxious as there was no sign of land or the Cape Otway lighthouse. At 4am the fog lifted. A man aloft announced that he could see breakers. The sheer cliffs of Victoria's west coast came into view, and Captain Gibbs realised that the ship was much closer to them than expected. He ordered as much sail to be set as time would permit and then attempted to steer the vessel out to sea. On coming head on into the wind, the ship lost momentum, the sails fell limp and LOCH ARD's bow swung back. Gibbs then ordered the anchors to be released in an attempt to hold its position. The anchors sank some 50 fathoms - but did not hold. By this time LOCH ARD was among the breakers and the tall cliffs of Mutton Bird Island rose behind the ship. Just half a mile from the coast, the ship's bow was suddenly pulled around by the anchor. The captain tried to tack out to sea, but the ship struck a reef at the base of Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell. Waves broke over the ship and the top deck was loosened from the hull. The masts and rigging came crashing down knocking passengers and crew overboard. When a lifeboat was finally launched, it crashed into the side of LOCH ARD and capsized. Tom Pearce, who had launched the boat, managed to cling to its overturned hull and shelter beneath it. He drifted out to sea and then on the flood tide came into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. He swam to shore, bruised and dazed, and found a cave in which to shelter. Some of the crew stayed below deck to shelter from the falling rigging but drowned when the ship slipped off the reef into deeper water. Eva Carmichael had raced onto deck to find out what was happening only to be confronted by towering cliffs looming above the stricken ship. In all the chaos, Captain Gibbs grabbed Eva and said, "If you are saved Eva, let my dear wife know that I died like a sailor". That was the last Eva Carmichael saw of the captain. She was swept off the ship by a huge wave. Eva saw Tom Pearce on a small rocky beach and yelled to attract his attention. He dived in and swam to the exhausted woman and dragged her to shore. He took her to the cave and broke open case of brandy which had washed up on the beach. He opened a bottle to revive the unconscious woman. A few hours later Tom scaled a cliff in search of help. He followed hoof prints and came by chance upon two men from nearby Glenample Station three and a half miles away. In a state of exhaustion, he told the men of the tragedy. Tom returned to the gorge while the two men rode back to the station to get help. By the time they reached LOCH ARD Gorge, it was cold and dark. The two shipwreck survivors were taken to Glenample Station to recover. Eva stayed at the station for six weeks before returning to Ireland, this time by steamship. In Melbourne, Tom Pearce received a hero's welcome. He was presented with the first gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Victoria and a £1000 cheque from the Victorian Government. Concerts were performed to honour the young man's bravery and to raise money for those who lost family in the LOCH ARD disaster. Of the 54 crew members and passengers on board, only two survived: the apprentice, Tom Pearce and the young woman passenger, Eva Carmichael, who lost all of her family in the tragedy. Ten days after the LOCH ARD tragedy, salvage rights to the wreck were sold at auction for £2,120. Cargo valued at £3,000 was salvaged and placed on the beach, but most washed back into the sea when another storm developed. The wreck of LOCH ARD still lies at the base of Mutton Bird Island. Much of the cargo has now been salvaged and some was washed up into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. Cargo and artefacts have also been illegally salvaged over many years before protective legislation was introduced. One of the most unlikely pieces of cargo to have survived the shipwreck was a Minton porcelain peacock - one of only nine in the world. The peacock was destined for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. It had been well packed, which gave it adequate protection during the violent storm. Today, the Minton peacock can be seen at the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool. From Australia's most dramatic shipwreck it has now become Australia's most valuable shipwreck artefact and is one of very few 'objects' on the Victorian State Heritage Register. The shipwreck of the LOCH ARD is of State significance – Victorian Heritage Register S417 Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. A quantity of lead shot pellets retrieved from the wreck of the LOCH ARD. There are 242 loose 2mm pieces and 17 loose 4mm pieces. They are in good condition, with some shape distortion and sedimentary concretion, and shot tower made.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, lead shot, colonial industry, melbourne shot towers, victorian metallurgy, colonial imports -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, 1936
Photo taken by the photographer for Victoria State Rivers and Water Supply CommissionMedium sized black and white photograph. Eildon Reservoir dam wall / rock and earth fill wall from above / round concrete tower lower left / water above right / tree covered hill topgoulburn, irrigation, photo, victoria state rivers and water supply commission, eildon, eildon weir -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Goulburn Weir, 1890
Taken by photographer for State Rivers and Water Supply Commission.Medium sized black and white photograph. Concrete and iron weir structure, stone spillway, earth bank on West bank below brick control house. Dead trees in water beyond weir, houses on West bankgoulburn weir, victorian state rivers and supply commission -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, 19/12/1946
Taken by photographer for State Rivers and Water Supply Commission.Medium sized black and white photograph. Waranga Reservoir main outlet - Western main channel looking downstream to Waranga. Concrete bridges and control structure join earthen banks of channel. Windmill mid-left of picture.goulburn weir, victorian state rivers and supply commission -
Hume City Civic Collection
Photograph, 21/04/2005
This photograph was taken during the upgrade of the Bendigo Railway line at Sunbury Station. The upgrade took twelve months to complete and during that time buses replaced the trains.A coloured photograph of construction on the site of the Sunbury Railway Station. The photograph was taken from the Bendigo platform and shows the concrete wall which replace the bluestone foundations on the Melbourne side of the station. A workman is on the platform working on the new surface.railways, bendigo line, railway stations, bridges, sunbury railway station, george evans collection -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Main Breakwater Construction, n.d
Port of Portland Authority Archivesport of portland archives -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph, n.d
Port of Portland Authorityport of portland archives -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Photograph, Rose Series, 1955 c
Also another colour postcard similar view of footbridge made by Murray Views donor Susan Samuel 2 January 2015 number 04272.1, 9 x 14 cmColour postcard taken from south end of the Cunninghame Arm footbridge showing crowd on bridge, cars parked on Esplanade, new concrete wall between dunes and lake at south end of bridge Lakes Entrance VictoriaThe Foot-Bridge, Lakes Entrance. Vicrecreation, waterfront, land reclamation -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Photograph, 1935c
Two other copies identical view size 12.5 x 17.5 cmBlack and white photograph of Heyfield House, showing a large fibro-cement clad building, with name Carstairs on facade. Man, woman and child seated on concrete fence. Couch in alcove with person seated. Lakes Entrance Victoriaguesthouses, architecture, tourism -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Photograph, Fish Marie, 1995
Black and white photograph of the site of Peck's fish processing factory on Bullock Island. It shows a heavy machine in background, broken concrete and rubbish skip in foreground, site cleared for TAFE education complex. Lakes Entrance Victoriaislands, waterways, dredging, topography -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - digital photographs, Lisa Gervasoni, Healesville Pre Olympic Swimming Pool, c2015, c2010-2017
Colour photograph of the Swimming pool at Healesville, Victoria.swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, healesville, healesville swimming pool -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - digital photographs, Chiltern Pre Olympic Swimming Pool, c2010-2017
Colour photograph of the Chiltern Swimming Pool.swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, chiltern, chiltern swimming pool -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - digital photographs, Lisa Gervasoni, Wycheproof Pre Olympic Pool, 2017, c2010-2017
Colour photograph of the Wycheproof Swimming Pool.swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, wycheproof, wycheproof swimming pool -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - digital photographs, Lisa Gervasoni, Kooweerup Pre Olympic Swimming Pool, 2010, c2010
Colour photograph of a pre Olympic Swimming Pool in Kooweerup, Victoria. swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, kooweerup, kooweerup swimming pool -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - digital photographs, Lisa Gervasoni, Werribee pre olympic pool, c2010-2017
Colour photograph of the Werribee Swimming Pool.swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, werribee, werribee swimming pool -
Ballarat Heritage Services
digital photographs, Lisa Gervasoni, pre olympic pool, c2010-2017
swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, memorial, leichville -
Ballarat Heritage Services
digital photographs, Lisa Gervasoni, Pyramid Hill Pre Olympic Swimming Pool, c2010-2017
Colour photograph of the Pyramid Hill Swimming Pool.swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, pyramid hill, pyrimid hill swimming pool -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - digital photographs, Lisa Gervasoni, Buninyong Pre Olympic Swimming Pool, c2010-2017
Colour photographed of a decommissioned swimming pool at Buninyong, Victoria. swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, buninyong, buninyong swimming pool -
Ballarat Heritage Services
digital photographs, Lisa Gervasoni, Broadford Pre Plympic Swimming Pool, c2010, c2010-2017
Colour photograph of the Swimming Pool at Broadford, Victoria. swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, broadford, broadford swimming pool -
Ballarat Heritage Services
digital photographs, Lisa Gervasoni, Cocoroc pre olympic pool, c2010-2017
In 1892 the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works established the Metropolitan Sewage Farm on the western bank of the Werribee River, to treat the effluent from Melbourne's new sewerage system.This area was isolated and too far from Melbourne, so the Cocoroc village was built to house the workers.Colour photograph of the Cocoroc Swimming Pool. This pool was built by the town's residents.swimming pool, sport, swimming, pre olympic, concrete, cocoroc, cocoroc swimming pool -
Halls Gap & Grampians Historical Society
Photograph, C 1911
This is the second Delley''s Bridge. A new and more substantial bridge was built in 1911, only to be badly damaged in a 1917 flood. The collapsed western end was rebuilt, this time supported by concrete pillars.The photo shows a dirt road crossing a creek via a wooden bridge. A woman is driving a horse and buggy onto the far end of the bridge. There are ferns in the foreground and trees in the background.access routes, roads, structures, bridges -
Lorne Historical Society
Photograph, Landslip Great Ocean Road 1971
Repairing land-slip at Windy-Point, showing cables that secured the face of the cliff. These cables ends are cut off and a concrete slab placed over the plate. Working machine below on the G.O.R. and workman holding stop/go sign.land-slip 1971: windy-point; cable-locks. concrete securing blocks. maintenance equipment -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Goulburn Weir, 1890
Taken by photographer for State Rivers and Water Supply Commission.Medium sized black and white photograph. Earthworks foreground, horse and dray lower right, men working on concrete weir structures, middle distance, - river with tree'd banks beyond, workmen's huts and house left of middle distancevictoria state rivers and water supply commission, goulburn weir -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Goulburn Weir, 1890
Taken by photographer for State Rivers and Water Supply Commission.Medium sized black and white photograph. View across weir - channel outlet left - earth and rubble wall separates two concrete and iron structures of weir. Trees on bank beyond beyond, buildings scattered amongst trees.victoria state rivers and water supply commission, goulburn weir -
Ithacan Historical Society
Photograph, Ithaca earthquake, 1953
The photograph was taken after the massive earthquakes of 1953 which caused widespread destruction across Ithaca and other Ionian Islands. Many of the buildings destroyed in the earthquake could not be rebuilt and some parts of the villages became uninhabitable. This event brought about the largest mass migration from the island and a further wave of Ithacan migration to countries, such as Australia and South Africa, where relatives had already settled. The Ithacan Philanthropic Society established an Earthquake Appeal to assist their compatriots.A black and white photograph showing widespread damage done in the aftermath of an earthquake. Many houses are in ruins and there are two heaps of rubble comprising timber and metal and concrete in the foreground. Two men are walking along a track looking at the destruction in the village. -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Slide - Slide - Construction Portland/Cashmore Airport, c. 1980
Coloured slide. Deep squirish hole, muddy water in bottom. Rough wooden steps down to water, left hand side of hole. Large concrete pipe on right attached to metal structure which is embedded in bottom of hole. -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Portland Harbour, n.d
Port of Portland Authority ArchivesBack: Border ruled 4 sides 'Reduce to 28 ems wide' - top border 50%- green pencil 14 bottom border - all in pencilport of portland archives, construction, harbour, portland -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Portland Harbour, n.d
Port of Portland Authority Archivesport of portland archives, reclamation harbour, barge, maritime, portland -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Silo Construction, c. 1964
Port of Portland Authority ArchivesBack: Blue PHT stamp 19 B 18-12-64 in black inkport of portland archives, silo construction -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Portland Harbour, n.d
Port of Portland Authority Archivesport of portland archives, portland harbour, construction