Originally these mantles where produced to be used in gas street lights in Europe and North America cities.There use started in 1891. These mantles were used before electrical power street lighting was installed. They have been used ever since until safety concerns regarding radiation from their thorium infused particles made alternate mobile lamps more attractive. The age of open flame recreational lighting is fast coming to a close. The greater use of battery and generator powered lighting(ease of operation) has brought the costing of these alternative lighting to an acceptable level. The age of miniaturisation and volatility of the open flame has seen a greater swing to smaller and more stable lighting. These incandescent gas mantles were initially used in the Coleman White Gas LanternsThe Kiewa Valley, with its closeness to the Victorian Alps, allows greater opportunity for the "happy" campers to enjoy the outdoors. The lighting provided by the incandescent gas lamps allow the adventurer at heart to enjoy an alternative lifestyle and still having the comforts of "home" at their finger tips. The numerous camping facilities in the Kiewa Valley and the upper alpine region is testament that those living in the cities need a break from the day to day grind and go to a quieter and more spiritual environment. Artificial lighting, as provided by mobile apparatus, is highly valued by the urban gypsy. The outdoor recreational industry has significantly provided for, if only at holiday time, an industry that has a relatively high employment rate and beneficial to local communities.The gas mantle is in a fabric, pear shaped, of rayon fabric impregnated with cerium. It's appearance is similar to a very small fishing net. The fabric is very ply-able until it is heated by an open flame then it becomes more rigid and lets out an incandescent white light. Its colour is white to off white. It has a draw string fastened a t the bottom (to wrap around the flame source)lighting, gas, heating, camping, outdoor equipment lamp

.1 - Black and White photograph contained with Reg. Item 1902 - Photo Album from Keith Kings to Les Denmead 1970. Photograph of SEC Geelong, 37, fitted with dash canopy lighting and tiger stripes outside the depot, 21/8/1955. Tram has destination of "East". Name of "Blakistons" on building in background. Photo on back has number "l 012A and 14.5.70" in black ink, possibly indicating date of making print. Keith Kings No. P(d)(5) .2 - Black and White print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details. Details as above..1 - Stamp in top left hand corner and handwritten number with "K.S. Kings No. P(d)(5) Copyright reserved". In blue ink "Geelong / No. 37 / As fitted with dash lighting / Outside depot / 21/8/55". .2 - Stamp as above. In blue ink "Geelong No. 37 Zebra painted ends and canopy. Only ex P&MTT bogie thus. (All ex HTT bogies thus) 21/8/55". trams, tramways, geelong, depot, blakistons, tram 37

Used to hold wax tapers for lighting candlesLong black cylindrical tin case for wax tapers. Has gold oriental scenes. Made by Bryant & May, London (1916)Bryant & May, Londonwax tapers, candles, lighting, bryant & may

This item is an important example of the early technology of artificial light. It has historical significance in demonstrating lighting devices used before the widespread use of electricity.Kerosene/oil hand-held lantern with carry handle. Red glass window (for a show of red light) and a clear glass window that opens for lighting of wick. (Dietz Dainty Tail Lamp)lantern candle dietz-dainty-tail-lamp

Steve Lee grew up in Falls Creek and had skis on his feet when he was just two years old. He later became a member of the Falls Creek Race Club and at the age of 14 won State and National Junior titles. After repeated success, Steve was selected to race overseas in the Australian Junior team. He won the Australian Open Championship at the age of 17. For 10 years, Steve never missed a race in the World Cup Circuit. Overall, he claimed 20 top 15 finishes in Downhill, Super-G and combined events. Towards the end of his career Lee swapped the World Cup circuit for the World Pro Tour in the USA, winning the Pro Downhill Tour ‘King of the Mountain’ title. He was also running a photography business in Falls Creek and was also involved in sports commentating on Australian television. This included commentating Alpine Freestyle events at four Winter Olympics and several World Championships. When the Summer Olympics were held in Sydney in 2000, Steven participated in the Torch Relay. The Torch departed from Athens on the 10th May 2000 and arrived in Sydney on 15th September 2000. The journey totalled 129 days, including 100 days travelling through every State and Territory of Australia. After 67 days in Australia, on 13 August 2000, the Olympic Torch reached the 'high point' in its 100-day journey. At 1,861 metres above sea level, the flame burned bright against a darkening sky as three-time Winter Olympian Steve Lee skied with it down the summit ridge of Mount Hotham towards a crowd of 5,000 in the mountain village. The certificate acknowledges Steve Lee's participation in the event.This image and certificate are significant because they capture an important event in Australian sporting history.Two colour photos of Steven Lee lighting the cauldron at the Hotham Village for the overnight stay of the Olympic Torch in 2000. Also included is a certificate in recognition of his contribution to the Sydney 2000 Olympics.On Certificate:- CITIUS ALTIUS FORTIUS STEVE LEE IN RECOGNITION OF AND APPRECIATION FOR YOUR CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUCCESS OF THE GAMES OF THE XXVII OLYMPIAD EN RECONNAISSANCE DE VOTRE CONTRIBUTION AU SUCCES DES JEUX DE LA XXVII OLYMPIADEsteve lee, sydney torch relay 2000, australian olympians

The period when kerosene was extensively used for indoor lighting was before electrical reticulation was installed in rural areas. In remote areas this was up to the mid 1900's. The kerosene lantern however was still in use, for camping and outdoor activities, well beyond this period and was eventually replaced by LPG and battery powered lighting. The transition phase to "modern" outdoor and domestic lighting lingered on the rural areas where the electrical reticulation suffered from reliable constant supply.In the Kiewa Valley, being a rural region, had reliable electrical domestic and farm supply only after the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme had been fully operational. The supply was relative to how close the homestead was to the major electricity substation. This kerosene lamp was in use during the period when it was the only reliable source of domestic night time lighting. The strength of refractive light produced by this lantern/lamp hinged upon the size of the lamp(wick and glass bowl). The small size of this lamp suggests that it was for use in a small room(children's bedroom) or as providing a light for a safe walk to the outside ablutions (toilet) area. This small kerosene lamp has an enclosed "cup" body which would have contained the kerosene fuel. The top wick holder, made from brass, has an extended enclosed spout which raises the wick approximately 20mm from the bottom of the holder. The wick holder screws into the the top of the kerosene reservoir bowl and has a wick adjustment screw (light control) at one side. The small white glass light reflector bulb nestles securely onto the wick holder and is kept snug by snap designed extending "fingers". The section between the bottom of the refractive glass "light" bowl and the top of the kerosene bowl has perforations to allow air passage to feed directly to the wick.The light refracting bulb is open at the top to allow heat and smoke from the burning wick to escape upwards.On the wick control screw "CWB BRITISH MADE"kerosene reading lamp, domestic lighting, bedside light

This lamp is a more recent acquisition. Brilliant Lighting started in 1990s.This cream coloured lamp is a desk or bedside lamp with flexible stand.Label on the rear "Brilliant LTG (Australia) P/Lwalsh st furnishings, robin boyd

This candle holder would probably be mostly used for a candle placed on a table, cupboard or bench. It is unornamented and so would not occupy any place of importance. Candles and lamps were the chief source of light in households until the advent and use of electricity in the early 20th century. Gas lighting was in use in street lighting and in industry for some time before this. Electric lighting for households became available in Warrnambool in the 1920s but the use of lamps and candles was still prevalent until the middle of the 20th century. This candle holder is of some interest as an example of a household item from times past. It will be useful for display. This is a china candle holder. It has a white glaze and the base is circular in shape. The rim or lip is ridged around the edge. One side of the object is cracked. household lighting, history of warrnambool, candle holder

This particular lamp was made for the dinner table or "parlour". This was the most effective indoor lighting before electrical lighting was introduced in the 1940's. These table lights would have still been used after this time as emergency lighting during electrical power shortages (outages). These emergency lighting lamps, including candles, were eventually replaced by battery power. The Kiewa Valley was supplied by electricity well before many other rural regions due to the State Electricity Commission constructing the Kiewa Hydro Electricity power turbines (late 1930's to mid 1950's). Petrol and diesel generators were used in other rural regions before state wide electricity was available.The significance of this kerosene lamp to the Kiewa Valley is that it provides the proof that before the Hydro electricity scheme was established in the valley, householder and commerce relied on candle/kerosene power. Although at certain times before battery and solar energy became the night time lighters the sole source of lighting was candle power and kerosene power. The supply of both however was still required by most of the population by supply from city and larger country town suppliers. This nearly fully glass made table lamp(kerosene) has a large glass bowl/basin like kerosene storage unit with a glass circular finger handle (similar to a ordinary cup). Formed single star like patterns (50mm apart) encircle the centre of the bowl. On top of the bowl sits the metal (brass) wick holder with a small wheel protruding out one side for adjusting the wick length(increasing or decreasing the strength(regulating) of the amount of light projected. Four prongs rise from the circular base light fixture holding the windproof and refractive glass "pot belly" shield. lamp table, kerosene lamp, household lighting (non electrical)

This lantern could have been used for railway lighting. Railway lighting illuminated not only stations but also yards, engines, rolling stock, signals, signal-boxes and crossings. There were a number of different types of lamps used for a variety of railway purposes. This is a hand-held light.Railway lamps of this kind were significant railway items in their period of use as essential tools to the safe-working operations of the railway. Used domestically these lanterns were common in the period before the widespread connection of electricity. A painted red metal "hurricane" lamp which has a glass shade. This is a portable oil lantern which has an oil tank on the bottom that forms the base of the lamp. The tank has a door for filling and it also houses the wick and knob that increases or decreases the length of the wick.On base : No. 707 Globe Brand (globe of world) World Light MFY LTDlantern lighting hurricane-lamp

Safety lamp made for underground miners to replace naked flame lightingUsed in underground mining in Ovens or Buckland mining districtsmetal and glass oil powered lamp(partly obscured on glass) BRITISH MFP. ( on brass) 3BB BOSS ( on screw off base) 56 and 10mining, lamp, oil, safety, kerosene, underground

The photronic cell used in electrical experiments to demonstrate control of currents and lighting.Black bakelite circular case with two socket pins. Circular open top with tiny copper pins around the edge. Box Black and whiteName of maker and item: WESTON PHOTRONIC CELL MODEL 594 PAT PEND NEWARK N J U S Aweston, photronic cell, socket pins, copper pins, bakelite, experimental, electrical currents, lighting

The Davey Paxman Experimental Steam Engine was purchased as the result of a bequest from Thomas Bath. The 'substantial sum' was used to build an Engineering Laboratory. The Ballarat School of Mines Council minutes of 08 November 1901 record: - Plans for [the] proposed building were submitted ... and ... it was resolved that a temporary building for an Engineering Laboratory be put up.' This laboratory, as an existing building, is first mentioned in the Ballarat School of Mines President's Annual Report of 1901, presented on 28 February 1902, reporting 'the erection of a building 67ft long by 33 ft wide' This report also lists all the equipment that would be accommodated in the Engineering Laboratory, including the experimental steam engine and boiler. The experimental Davey-Paxman steam engine arrived in Ballarat towards the end of 1902. The Engineering Laboratory was opened on 14 August 1903 by His Excellency Sir Sydenham Clarke. This engineering laboratory remained in use till about 1945. By 1944 preparations were under way at the Ballarat School of Mines to expand existing facilities, to be ready for the influx of returned soldiers. A new Heat Engines laboratory was built, this time of brick construction, replacing the previous corrugated-iron shed. In the early stages the steam engine was used to drive an overhead transmission shaft for machinery in the adjacent workshop. Later the steam engine was moved to a space that became the Heat Thermodynamics Laboratory. At the end of 1969 the engine was relocated to the Thermodynamics Laboratory at the then Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education (BIAE) Mt Helen Campus. It was donated to Sovereign Hill in 2006. According to the research of Rohan Lamb in 2001 around five experimental steam engines were made by Davey Paxman, and three of these had similar configuration to the Ballarat School of Mines Steam Engine, however, each of these was also unique with different valve arrangements. The list, which was on a scrap of paper in a folio held in the Essex Archives, confirmed that one was sent to India. The Ballarat steam engine can be dated to late 1901 to early 1902. Zig Plavina was responsible for moving the steam engine to Mount Helen, and worked on it as a technician for many years. He observed the following: * The condenser is driven by the low pressure engine. * The following arrangements are possible: i) the high pressure engine alone, exhausting to atmosphere. Condenser not used, crankshaft flanges not coupled. ii) crankshafts coupled, mains pressure (120 psi) steam supplied to high pressure engine, partially expanded steam delivered to low pressure engine (Tandem operation). Choice available re exhaust steam: either to the condenser or to atmosphere. iii) crankshafts not coupled, reduced pressure steam supplied to low pressure engine. Exhaust steam - either to the condenser or to atmosphere. * Valve arrangement - a choice of Pickering cut-off or throttle governor. On low pressure engine - throttle governor only. Black and white photograph of an experimental steam engine which was produced for the Ballarat School of Mines. It was designed for experimental purposes, such as testing of efficiency, etc. The laboratory which housed the steam engine was lit with gas lighting. davey paxman experimental steam engine, model steam engine, davey paxman, steam, thomas bath, thermodynamics

The Ballarat Technical Art School was a division of the Ballarat School of Mines, and a predecessor of Federation University Australia. Red hard covered book including chapters on interior decoration, furniture, woodwork, carpets, textiles, metalwork, lighting, heating, pottery, and glass. Formerly Book R528 in the Ballarat Technical Art School Library.industrial arts, henry g. dowling, ballarat technical art school library, ballarat technical art school, j. ewins & son, bookplate, wrought iron, furniture

The kerosene lamp is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel. Kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may used for portable lighting. There are three types of kerosene lamp: traditional flat wick, central draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. The screws on the side adjust the flame and hence the strength of the flame produced. Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity these lamps provided lighting in all householdsPioneers and early settlers in Moorabbin Shire relied on kerosene lamps for lighting their homes after sunset.This kerosene, flat wick, banquet lamp has a clear glass shade chimney with a frilled rim, a reservoir of plain yellow glass and a metal engraved base . 1 side screw to adjust the flamelights, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, brighton, bentleigh, cheltenham. lamps, kerosene, paraffin, oil

This is a high-quality item and would have been used in a household in affluent circumstances. The firm of James Dixon and Sons of Sheffield, England, was established in 1806 and ceased to operate in 1992. Candles were widely used for household lighting until the advent and availability of electric lighting from the 1920s onwards. This item has no known local provenance but is retained because it is fine example of a household item of the past.This is an electro-plated silver candlestick holder. The base is roughly circular (more hexagonal) with an embossed edge and a handle attached by welding. The candlestick holder is vase-shaped with a circular open top for inserting the candle. The circular top also has an embossed edge. Attached to the handle by a clip is a cone-shaped snuffer. The candle holder and snuffer have been used. On the bottom of the base are the name and symbol of the maker and five hallmarks. ‘Jas Dixon & Sons Sheffield’ ‘866 P W/B’ household lighting, history of warrnambool, silver candlestick, candlestick with snuffer

This Beco lamp is by Suzy's bookcase and desk. It was designed by Donald Brown, a pre-eminent Australian lighting designer in the '50s and '60s. Robin Boyd often specified BECO lighting, including elsewhere in his own home. There was a similar lamp in Penleigh's room as a bedlight near the bookcase at one time.Beco 720 wall lamp, with black shade and articulated armBrown Evans & Cowalsh st furnishings, robin boyd

The item belonged to Quentin Clifford BINKS, V245016 & VX114178 2nd AIF. Refer Cat No 1835 for his service history.Made from brass components depicting a V S Lighting on a stand to make an ashtray. The base is either from a 7mm or 3" shell and the stand and plane from .303 rounds. Wings & tail are made of brass.“New Guinea 1943”personal effects, smoking accessories, transport aviation, models

A Vesta case is a small, portable box / safe to carry matches that came into use around the 1830s and was produced extensively between 1890 and 1920. During this period, almost everyone carried strike-anywhere matches, so they could light stoves, lanterns and other devices. Early matches were unreliable and prone to ignite from rubbing on one another or spontaneously. Accordingly, most people carried a match safe / box to house their matches. Wealthy people had match safes made of gold or silver, while common folk had ones made of tin or brass.C 1900 A small silver vesta case, with a roughened strike plate, to hold matches for lighting fires, lamps, cigarettes or pipes. The tin case has been embossed with a bird and floral design on the front and back Embossed with bird and floral design on the front and back .jewellery, personal effects, craftwork, vesta case, lights, candles, safety matches, moorabbin, brighton, bentleigh, cheltenham, early settlers, pioneers

EIG School - Ralph Birrell Collection. - Construction of Latrobe Uni. C1966, 1972. Bendigo Institute of Technology, Engineering School, Applied Science. Building appears complete some outside lighting has been installed.Kodakeducation, tertiary, latrobe university bendigo, eig school - ralph birrell collection. - construction of latrobe uni. c1966, 1972. bendigo institute of technology, engineering school, applied science. building complete outside lighting

Yields information about an ex Geelong tram at Gardens loop.Black and white photograph of SEC tram 42 at Gardens Loop, side on photo prior to the dash canopy lighting mid to late 1950's. Photograph from the Bob Lilburn Collection. Inscription in Bob's handwriting.On rear in ink "42 at the Gardens, Ballarat"trams, tramways, gardens loop, wendouree parade, tram 42

Prior to the installation of gas and electric light pioneers used candles for lighting after sunset.6 candles, in original box, made by 'Electrine' Co. 2 candles broken when brush tailed possum entered Cottage via chimney 27/4/2014kitchen equipment, lights, candles, fireplaces, early settlers, pioneers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners