Joly Meldometer The Joly meldometer was created to determine the melting point of minerals. W.E. Wilson, an astronomer and author, stated in 1900 that the Joly meldometer consisted of a ‘a strip of platinum on which minute fragments of any mineral can be placed, while any alteration in its length can be determined by means of a micrometer screw which touches a lever connected with one end of the strip. The strip can be heated by an electric current, and is calibrated by observing the micrometer readings corresponding to the temperatures at which some substances of known melting-points melt’i . One reason why the Joly meldometer was seen as a successful addition to science was the small amount of any substance that it required for testing. Only a minute sample was needed for the instrument to work and so a tiny part could be taken from a delicate item without destroying itii . The instrument was originally manufactured by the Irish company Yeates & Son of Dublin. The Yeates family business was established in the early 1790’s and is thought to have operated until approximately 1922iii . Their business slogan was recorded as ‘Instrument makers to the University’, a slogan which proudly exhibited their relationship with Trinity College, Dublin. The company was located directly opposite Trinity College, the place where the Joly meldometer was created. Working in such close proximity must have assisted this business relationship. The inventor of this meldometer was Irishman John Joly. Joly was born in 1857 at the Church of Ireland Rectory, Hollywood House. His education led him to Trinity College Dublin where, by 1891, he had obtained a Bachelor of Engineering degree as well as a Doctorate of Science. The entirety of his working life appears to have taken place at Trinity College although he is known to have travelled in order to consult with other scientists such as the world renowned Sir Ernest Rutherford. The Joly meldometer was used for a variety of different purposes, with scientists often adapting the instrument to suit their own needs. For instance, the previously mentioned astronomer W.E. Wilson adapted the meldometer to assist him in measuring the radiation of the suniv . Joly used his device in an attempt to ascertain the age of the earth. In 1913, along with Sir Rutherford, Joly came to the conclusion that the earth was approximately 400 million years old. They did this by analysing the decay of radioactivity in minerals. According to our present knowledge of the earth this was a much more accurate date than the dates Joly had previously derived. He had first thought that the earth was 97 million years old due to the volume of sodium in the oceans. Joly’s second analysis of the topic had resulted in the age of 80 million years. This figure was based on the accumulation of sediment. Apart from designing his meldometer, Joly is also remembered for his work with colour photography. In 1894 Joly discovered a method for creating colour photographs from a single platev . He also studied the use of radiation as a treatment for cancer and persuaded the Royal Dublin Society to establish the Radium Institute to assist hospitals. In 1933 Joly passed away at the age of seventy-six. Jacqueline Eager Student Projects Placement, Cultural Collections 2005 iMollan, Charles, Irish National Inventory of Scientific Instruments, Samton Limited, 1995, p. 302. iiJoly, John, 'On the determination of the melting points of minerals, Part 1. Uses of the meldometer', Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 2., 1891. iiiInstitute for Learning Technologies, "Stephan Mitchell Yeates' http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/projects/bluetelephone/html/yeates.html, accessed on 04.10.2005 ivMollan, Charles, Irish National Inventory of Historic Scientific Instruments, op cit. vMollan, Charles, The Mind and the Hand: Instruments of Science 1685-1932, Samton Limited, Dublin, 1995, p. 34.The following from #2975 in UDE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN ENGINEERING list in the “Irish National Inventory of Historical Scientific Instruments” by Charles Mellon (P/C in file for Cat no 272. “....meldometer as an instrument ‘for the purpose of finding the melting-points of minerals, hence its name. As used by him (Joly), it consists of a strip of platinum,on which minute fragments of any mineral can be placed, while any alteration in its length can be determined by means of a micrometer screw which touches a lever connected with one end of the strip. The strip can be heated by an electric current, and is calibrated by observing the micrometer readings corresponding to the temperatures at which some substances of known melting-points melt’.” Ref. : J. Joly, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 3rd series vol 2 (1891),38-64.

Two black and white photographs of two Bendigo Teachers' College staff members Miss J.C. Burnett and Mr. Morris on a college trip to Healesville in c.1947. Comment on back of photograph - 'Dear Miss Burnett + Mr. Morris, I could not resist showing you how you looked at Healesville. The snap will be a help when you are lecturing to the Bendigo students on the art of 'crowing.' Marjorie Robinson. See 3320.100bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college staff, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, teacher training, miss j.c. burnett, mr. geoff pryor, mr. morris, ms. marjorie robinson, teaching, tertiary education, photo, photos, photograph, photographs, photography, history, fashion, costume, clothing, costume

A black and white photograph of staff and students at Bendigo Teachers' College located at Long Gully Primary School. Names unknown. 1926. The formal clothing of the day is evident here. The men all wear suits with white collar and tie. Many wear a waistcoat. The women all wear frocks or skirts with stockings. One lady wears a hat. Long Gully Primary School is in the background. See 3320.100bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, long gully primary school, state schools, primary schools, bendigo teachers' college, students, tertiary education, teacher training, photo, photograph, photographs, photography, clothing, attire, fashion, costume, miss j.c. burnett, mr. geoff. pryor

A black and white photograph of Bendigo Teachers' College students on a visit to Ballarat Teachers' College in 1927. The unnamed staff and students are seated at a main entrance with formal iron fence and pillars. In the foreground on the right is a garden and trees which are along the iron fence which runs up a hill to a fence and more garden the background. Also in the background is a building with ornate features. The men are all in suits with white collar and tie and some wear formal hats. The women are also in formal attire and most wear fashionable hats. See 3320.100bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, tertiary education, teacher training, photo, photograph, photographs, photography, ballarat teachers' college, bendigo teachers' college, costume, fashion, attire, clothing, history, miss j.c. burnett, mr. geoff. pryor, place

A black and white photograph of adults and students. Group and names unknown. Bendigo August 1st, 1929. See 3320.100.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, tertiary education, teacher training, photo, photos, photograph, photographs, photography, miss j.c. burnett, mr. geoff pryor, fashion, costume, clothing

A very dark copy of a photo of the staff and students at Bendigo Teachers' College 1929. They are all dressed formally - the men with suits or jackets with ties.The women in frocks or skirts and all with short hair. The staff and students are listed in order from the back to the front row. Back row - R. Frankling, R. Jackman, K. Mitchell, A. Rebbechi, A.C. Macmichael, T. Condon, N. McLennon, C. Streader, R. Harry, T. Seymour, H. Brown, J. Leach, J. Day, A. Willey, H. Sergeant, A. Gomarsall. Second row - Misses B. Duggan, J. Mackenzie, O. Clarke, R. Nicholas, J. Bowling, B. Bradford, J. Metcalf, K. Fleischer, A. McInnes, L. Haines, M. Westwood, G. Stuart, B. Glasson, E. Kelly, M. Haydock, E. Armstrong, D. McKernan, N. Fraser. Third row - Misses J. Young, I. Collard, N. Comer, S. McKinnon, M. Roberts, M. Wickham, Miss Alice Smith, Mr. P. G. Samson, Miss D.A. Mackay, Mr. T. F. Scott, Miss M. McGawley, Misses W. Nixon, E. Liddell, M. Rowe, A. John, I. Lawson, V. Davis, G. Harris. Fourth row - J. Cunningham, F. Ryall, J. Hendry, J. Flanagan, W. Stephens, J.O'Dwyer, N. Wearne, G. Downing, L. Culhane, H. Parker, A. Elliott, E. Craving, S. Thompson, A. Keating. Absent - Miss A. Rosan. See 3320.100bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, tertiary education, teaching, teacher training, bendigo teachers' college, photo, photos, photograph, photographs, photography, history miss j.c. burnett, mr. geoff. pryor, history, staff, students, r. frankling, r. jackman, k. mitchell, a. rebbechi, a.c. macmichael, t. condon, n. mclennon, c. streader, r. harry, t. seymour, h. brown, j. leach, j. day, a. willey, h. sargeant, a. gomarshall b. duggan, j. mackenzie, o. clarke, r. nicholas, j. bowling, b. bradford, j. metcalf, k. fleischer, a. mcinnes, l. haines, m. westwood, g. stuart, b. glasson, e. kelly, m. haydock, e. armstrong, d. mckernan, n. fraser, j. young, i. collard, n. comer, s. mckinnon, m. roberts, m. wickham, alice smith, p. g. samson, d.a. mackay, t. f. scott, m. mcgawley, w. nixon, e. liddell, m. rowe, a. john, i. lawson, v. davis, g. harris, j. cunningham, f. ryall, j. hendry, j. flanagan, w. stephens, j. o'dwyer, n. wearne, g. downing, l. culhane, h. parker, a. elliott, e. cravino, s. shompson, a. keating, a. rosan

A black and white photograph of the staff and students of Bendigo Teachers' College in the year 1929. They are unnamed except Miss Dot McKay and Mr. Scott second row in the centre. The photograph is taken in front of the Court House which was the second site for Bendigo Teachers' College. See 3320.100bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, bendigo teachers' college, education, tertiary education, teacher training, photo, photograph, photographs, photography, history, teaching, miss j.c. burnett, mr. geoff pryor, d. mckay, t.f. scott

A fading black and white photograph of female students at Bendigo Teachers' College in the year 1929. The unnamed students are seated in front of the Old Court House. They are dressed in a uniform of tights with a white shirt and ribbon or tie at the neckline. See 3320.100bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college students, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, photo, photograph, photographs, photography, photos, tertiary education, teacher training, teaching, history, miss j.c. burnett, mr. geoff pryor, old court house, court house

A black and white photograph of female Bendigo Teachers' College students. It is titled 'Sandhurst 1945'. The women are dressed in the formal fashion of the day in a coat or jacket and skirts or frocks. In the background is a brick building with climbing plants on the walls and a garden with bushes and trees on the left hand side. There appears to be a flag pole in the centre at the back. The names of the students are listed from the top left hand corner across - Patricia A. Drummond, Faye Warren, Yvonne Ford, V. Ruth Madin, Mary Guppy, Lois R. Adams, Geraldine M. Brown, Enid Livingstone, Carole Vale, Joan I. Hutchinson, Margaret Wilson, Ivy J. James, G.L. Dickinson, Elaine Emmerson, Lynda Richards, J.M. Campbell, Gwen Tracy, B.J.V. Bryan, M.M. Rahill, J.M. McConnell, V.L. Moore, D.E. Benson, E.D. Ryan, M. Frawley, P.M. Ditle, Gert Curthoys, V.M. Foley, P.V. Sullivan, P.J. Murphy, M.Olwyn Stanson, Joan Hunt, Joan E. Dole, D.M. Manners, Lola M. Rowe, Frances P. Dam, L. Palmer, A.J. Wilhinson, M. Holt, P.E. Mirne, Rosina Gimmins, M. M. Fitzpatrick, M. Bradley, Belle Erskine, Ethel M. Turner, Wilga E. Thorne, Valda G. Raggatt, K. O'Connor, D. Wilson, J.D. Ellson, C.G. Monkhouse, Sheila McCarthy, Patricia Sims, Ivy. S Chin. See 3320.100.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college students, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, tertiary education, teacher training, history, photo, photos, photograph, photographs, photography, sandhurst, female, students, bendigo teachers' college, ms. j.c. burnett, mr. geoff. pryor, fashion, clothing, costume, patricia a. drummond, faye warren, yvonne ford, v. ruth madin, mary guppy, lois r. adams, geraldine m. brown, enid livingston, carole vale, joan i. hutchinson, margaret wilson, ivy j. james, g.l. dickinson, elaine emmerson, lynda richards, j.m. campbell, gwen tracy, b.j.v. bryan, m.m. rahill, j.m. mcconnell, v.l. moore, d.e. benson, e.d. ryan, m. frawley, p.m. ditle, gert curthoys, v.m. foley, p.v. sullivan, p.j. murphy, m. olwyn stanson, joan hunt, joan e. dole, d. m. manners, lola m. rowe, frances p. dam, l. palmer, a.j. wilkinson, m. holt, p.m. mirne, rosina gimmins, m. fitzpatrick, m. bradley, belle erskine, ethel m. turner, wilga e. thorne, valda g. raggatt, k. o'connor, d. wilson, j.d. ellson, c.g. monkhouse, sheila mccarthy, patricia sims, ivy schin.

A small black and white photograph of four Bendigo Teachers' College students at the Rural School Sports in November 1945. The four women are all dressed in pleated skirts or dresses with black shoes or white sports shoes. They are Lola Rowe, Rosina Crimmins, Lois Adams and Elaine Emmerson. See 3320.100bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college students, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, rural school sports, sports, costume, attire, fashion, clothing, students, tertiary education, teacher training, ms. j.c. burnett, mr. geoff pryor, photo, photos, photograph, photographs, photography, lola rowe, rosina crimmins, lois adams, elaine emmerson

A black and white photograph of unnamed Bendigo Teachers' College students in 1946. The men are dressed in suits with ties and the women are in suits, skirts with twin sets or dresses with jackets. The women are all wearing stockings or socks. See 3320.100bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college students, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, tertiary education, teacher training, students, bendigo teachers' college, costume, fashion, attire, clothing, photo, photographs, photograph, photography, ms. j.c. burnett, mr. geoff pryor

A black and white photograph of Bendigo Teachers' College unnamed male students underneath the Lookout Tower in Rosalind Park in 1947. They are all wearing suits or jackets with ties.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college students, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, students, male, lookout tower, rosalind park, photo, photos, photograph, photographs, photography, ms. j.c. burnett, mr. geoff pryor, tertiary education, teacher training, history, costume, fashion, attire, clothing