Black & white photo of the Nun's Beach looking toward Whaler's Bluff & lighthouse. Photo mounted on grey cardFront: Pencil - APR Competition Open class - Senior September " Tide rim and Shadow" 2c Kodak Series iii Panasonic Film Kodal. Colour Filter O.O.Kroker "Kia Ora P.B. Horsham Vic (No 2)

In 2010, the Government announced that the ETV fleet would be no longer be funded by the MCA from September 2011, saving £32.5m over the Spending Review period. The Department stated that "state provision of ETVs does not represent a correct use of taxpayers money and that ship salvage should be a commercial matter between a ship's operator and the salvor".Two days after the announcement that the fleet was to be disbanded, Anglian Prince was sent to the aid of the UK's newest and largest nuclear submarine HMS Astute, which ran aground off the Isle of Skye in Scotland during sea trials.Builder's plaque, Imai Mfg Co, for the 'Jaramac 48' - Text is impressed into the front and painted red. A red painted border surrounds the edge of the plaque. A small silver plate is attached to the upper right hand corner with engraved text on it.1979 circa. Jaramac 48 - 4,200 HP, Harbour Tug, Built 1975. Renamed 'Mac Tide 48'JARAMC 48/OWNER J. RAY MCDERMOTT & COMPANY INC/ OFFICIAL NO./ GROSS TONNAGE 554t.84/ NET TONNAGE 71t.00/ CONTRACTOR HASEGAWA & CO., LTD./ BUILDER IMAI MFG. CO., LTD/ HULL NO. SHIP NO. 145" Gold Plaque "DONATED BY/ J Ray McDermott (Aust) P/l)/ 1979"

Colour photograph of the Esso oil rig supply vessel Kurnai Tide at Eastern Wharf prior to the official launch and unveiling of commemorative plaque by dignitaries from government, Esso and Koorie Elders at Lakes Entrance Victoria. Also one colour photograph taken before unveiling and two taken afterwards 04818.1, .2 and .3 10 x 15 cm fishing industry, oil and gas industry, boats and boating

The book was written by 19th-century British poet, novelist and children's author, Jean Ingelow (1820-1897). The book is part of Flagstaff Hill's Pattison Collection, a large group of books and records, some of which are rare and valuable. The collection was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute, which was founded in 1853 and is named after Warrnambool's Public Librarian, Ralph Pattison. The publisher firm of Longmans, Green & Co. was founded in 1724 in London by Thomas Longman under the name Longman. In August of that year, he bought the two shops and goods of William Taylor and set up his publishing house there at 39 Paternoster Row. The shops were called Black Swan and Ship, and it is said that the 'ship' sign was the inspiration for Longman's Logo. After many changes of name and management, including the name Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts from 1859 to 1862, the firm was incorporated in 1926 as Longmans, Green & Co. Pty Ltd. The firm was acquired by Pearson in 1968 and was known as Pearson Longman or Pearson PLC. The Pattison Collection, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute Collection is primarily significant in its totality, rather than for the individual objects it contains. Its contents are highly representative of the development of Mechanics' Institute libraries across Australia, particularly Victoria. A diversity of publications and themes has been amassed, and these provide clues to our understanding of the nature of and changes in the reading habits of Victorians from the 1850s to the middle of the 20th century. The collection also highlights the Warrnambool community’s commitment to the Mechanics’ Institute, reading, literacy and learning in the regions, and proves that access to knowledge was not impeded by distance. These items help to provide a more complete picture of our community’s ideals and aspirations. The Warrnambool Mechanics Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and the important role it played in the intellectual, cultural and social development of people throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance.Poems: Containing "Divided", "The High Tide", "The Star's Monument", "Brothers, and a Sermon" Author: Jean Ingelow Publisher: Longmans, Green & Co. Date: 1876 Emerald green hardcover book with a gold embossed border and a round decal on the front cover, and gold embossed text and a label on the spine. Inscriptions are on the spine and the fly page, and stickers and a stamp are on the endpapers. The book is part of the Pattison Collection.Label on spine with typed text "PAT 821 ING" Sticker on pastedown front endpaper: "Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Library" Sticker on Front loose endpaper: "Corangamite Regional Library Service" Stamp on front loose endpaper: "Corangamite Regional Library Service" Handwriting on Fly: "P D 83" "C/W"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, pattison collection, ralph eric pattison, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, mechanics’ institute library, warrnambool library, free library, corangamite regional library service, longmans green and co. london, poems, jean ingelow, divided, the high tide, the star's monument, 1876, longman, longmans green and co, 19th century

© Anna Lanyon , Carmel Wallace 2004. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review permitted under the Copyright Act, no text, image or part thereof may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, without prior written permission from the authors.This suite of etchings explores the natural and social history of Fawthrop Lagoon, an ancient intertidal lagoon that lies at the heart of Portland on the far south-west coast of Victoria, Australia. The work records and interprets essential moments in the life of the lagoon, the plants, birds, insects, water-creatures and humans who have lived and continue to live around its shores. White card backing with white torn looking inner frame. Centre is a black printed overlay of a survey marker on top of a newspaper page taken from the Herald Sun on Tuesday February 3, 2004 with the weather forecast and the tides, moon, air quality, fish, world, beach report etc. Around the outside of the centre image is hand written wording in fine black ink.A/P 'Lagoon, P1, Second - State' Carmel Wallacefawthrop lagoon, portland, victoria, australia, plants, birds, insects, water, creatures, humans

© Anna Lanyon , Carmel Wallace 2004. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review permitted under the Copyright Act, no text, image or part thereof may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, without prior written permission from the authors.This suite of etchings explores the natural and social history of Fawthrop Lagoon, an ancient intertidal lagoon that lies at the heart of Portland on the far south-west coast of Victoria, Australia. The work records and interprets essential moments in the life of the lagoon, the plants, birds, insects, water-creatures and humans who have lived and continue to live around its shores. White card backing with white torn looking inner frame. Centre is a black printed overlay of a the words 'TEA TREE WALK' on top of a newspaper page taken from the Herald Sun on Saturday September 4, 2004 with the weather forecast and the tides, moon, air quality, fish, world, beach report etc. Around the outside of the centre image is hand written wording in fine black ink.4/30 'Lagoon' Page 2 : Cliff Beauglehole Carmel Wallacefawthrop lagoon, portland, victoria, australia, plants, birds, insects, water, creatures, humans

Black and white photograph taken at official ceremony naming the Esso oil rig supply vessel Kurnai Tide at Eastern Wharf Lakes Entrance Victoria. Also two black and white photographs taken at same event showing Albert Mullett, Jack Jacko Johnson, Corey Simpson, Mark Boon: Daryl Archibald of Esso, Shane Doyle crew member and Brian Miers Minister of Aboriginal Affairs celebrations, local government, buildings

This posters advertises reasons for the migration of European (or white) people to Australia.Coloured poster on canvas showing the flow of World population around 1920 from Europe to Australia, Canada, the United States of America and South America. The poster appears to be pro the White Australia Policy with statements such as 'Will we draw from the stream of white migration from Britain, Ireland and Europe, or will we wait til the dams holding back the flood tides of the yellow, brown and black races burst, and we are overwhelmed?'migration, population, race, population statistics, migrations statistics, european immigration policy, white australia policy, racism, immigration, poster

The steamer Indrabarah was stranded for 45+ days on the west coast of the north island of New Zealand, before being successfully towed free during a high spring tide. The cargo (mostly frozen meat) was reported to have survived the ordeal. This card (postcard) with print of Liner Indrabarah

The mining company in Seddonville New Zealand purchased a small steamer, SS Lawrence, to transport coal, but in 1891 the vessel was wrecked at the mouth of the Mōkihinui river. The remains of the ship can sometimes be seen today at low tide on the beach on the south side of the Mōkihinui River mouth.Black & white photographship, boat, sea, river, ss lawrence, steamer, coal, new zealand, mokihinui river, shipwreck

Pale blue card, darker at the edges. Dark blue circular picture frame edged in gold. Inner edge wider. In the frame is a picture of a sailing boat. At the top of the frame is some holly and two little birds. At the bottom is some more holly. On an angle in the bottom right corner is a white banner, edged in gold. It has: May Time and Tide but bring you happy days' printed in black on it. Card and insert held together with pale blue cord.Raphael Tuck & Sonsperson, greeting cards, malone collection, malone collection, greeting cards

Single white card with a boy and a brown dog standing behind him. The boy is wearing a blue top & trousers tucked into black boots. He has a red scarf tied around his neck and a red beret. He is carrying some holly in his right hand and some green in his left hand. Behind him is a house & some bare trees. Blue shading around the boy & the house & trees. 'A joyful Christmas - tide!' printed in blue/grey at the bottom.person, greeting cards, malone collection, malone collection, greeting cards

Copy of black and white photograph mounted on board. Accompanied by a caption.Caption reads: Mr Bowe Principal 1956-1960. This enlargement from a Golden Jubilee photo 1965. 'You must learn to be free yet accept the full responsibility of doing, of your own free will, what is reasonable to expect of you... You must learn to live in a community of nations... You can start to learn at once by living in harmony with your fellows at school. Your opinion is important. Do your part towards forming this teenage group conscience which is such a powerful source in your school.' High Tide 1957 'the world cries aloud for the exercise of tolerance. It is more necessary today than ever before in a world torn by distrust and suspicion.' High Tide 1958.williamstown high school, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, principals

William Withers and Edward Ryan drowned near Point Lonsdale on 19 October 1954 when they tried to enter the Rip at Port Phillip Heads against an ebb tide with a strong south-west wind blowing. They were sailing a large crayfishing boat, the 'Robert John', returning with a load of crayfish from King Island.Photograph shows William (Bill) Withers and Edward Ryan who worked in the local Queenscliff and Victorian fishing industry. The commercial fishing industry developed in Queenscliff from the 1860s, with early fishing developing around the couta boat and barracouta fishing. Crayfishing and shark fishing also became important, especially as the supplies and popularity of barracouta as a commercial species waned. Local Queenscliff fishermen often fished outside Port Phillip into Bass Strait and had to navigate the dangerous entry to Port Phillip, known as 'The Rip', with its turbulent and variable water and weather conditions. This added to the everyday dangers of sailing faced by fishermen in their industry. The local fishermen often had the local knowledge of these waters, but the fishing community in Queenscliff also lived with the threat or fear that the Rip could rob them of one of their own. The entrance to Port Phillip with this Rip is the scene of many shipwrecks,often resulting in tragic loss of life or injuries, including passenger and cargo ships travelling to/from Melbourne and Geelong as well as accidents to local Queenscliff and Port Phillip sailors such as the fishermen or sea pilots. A B/W photograph of two Queenscliff fishermen, William (Bill) Withers and Edward Ryaninformation about photo and donation handwrittten on backfishermen, queenscliff fishermen, withers, william withers, ryan, edward ryan, robert john crayfish boat, shipwreck, port phillip

Four of a collection of 33 photographs donated by Leonie Brennan. The collection belonged to Edward (Ted) Sands, hairdresser.Photograph 215-18. People on the Cowes Pier enjoying an event. A sign reads "Cowes - Ferries - Speedboats" and a string of bunting decorates the pier. There are also cars on the pier. Photograph 215-19. Phillip Island - San Remo Suspension Bridge viewed from Newhaven at very low tide. Photograph 215-20. A couple enjoying a picnic in a bush setting. Photograph 215-21. Three people sitting on the stone fence in front of the Isle of Wight Hotel. A large sign shows "ENTRANCE RESIDENTIAL & BAR - MELBOURNE BITTER"isle of wight hotel, isle of wight hotel phillip island, phillip island - suspension bridge, suspension bridge phillip island, cowes pier phillip island, mr edward (ted) sands, leonie brennan

Depiction of a beach with large boulders in the foreground. The boulders are covered in lichen and algae, and beach sweeps up towards centre right of image. The central third of painting shows the sea (continuing behind the boulders), depicted in blue with white highlights and dark blue shadows. It is edged in the background by a cliff face (painted in brown and grey). Sky is darker blue at top and lighter blue where it meets the horizon. Mounted in double matt (pale tan on faun) with decorative cut-out border, framed under glass in wooden frame.Front: Rankin '90 (lower right) (white paint) Back: 333 (upper left) (sticker) 1990- (upper left) (pencil). Low tide Cape Grant area September 1990 $350 Pastel Ian Rankin. 46 Hurd St Portland Vic 3305 Phone Portland 231465. Phone 055/231465.cape grant, seascape, beach

This early 20th-century chest of drawers is unique. It was made from recycled timber kerosene boxes and metal tins. The case was made in South Australia between 1905 and 1927 by the British Imperial Oil Company Ltd, which was the first business to import bulk petroleum products into Australia. Before this, ships carried crates of kerosene as cargo. Items salvaged from the 1880 wreck of the vessel Eric the Red included kerosene boxes. Kerosene replaced plant and animal-based fuel, such as whale oil, for lighting in homes and for the lamps in lighthouses and on marine vessels. It was also used for cooking and heating and as engine fuel. The last kerosene-fueled lighthouse lamp was transferred to solar power in 1985. The chest of drawers is one-of-a-kind. The original uses for the components of the chest of drawers, the wooden box and metal tins were for containing and transporting kerosene. Kerosene was used from the late 19th century for fuel in lamps, heating, and cooling. Previously whale oil was used for the lamps in lighthouses. The company providing the kerosene was the first to import it into Australia in bulk quantities. The set of drawers is one of the many ways that inventive Australians were able to repurpose materials.Chest of drawers; wooden frame and rails, metal drawers with vertical metal handles. The frame has been constructed from the wooden panels of a vintage oil and kerosene box. The three drawers have been created from empty kerosene cans that were cut in half from top to bottom, some with the round opening closed over. Inscriptions from the original box and cams are stencilled on the top and base of the frame and impressed or painted on the metal cans. The frame has provision for a further drawer. The wooden case and metal tins were made in Australia.Top and base of frame; "THE BRITISH IMPERIAL OIL CO. LTD." "OIL ENGINE KEROSENE" "CASE ANDTINS AUSTRALIAN MADE" On tin; "POWIRIN" "BIOCO LTD" Logo [cross} with inscription on horizontal bar "CROSS" Impressed in timber drawer dividers (indecipherable text) Side of drawer, painted in orange on black; "TY -, REG U S - TIDE - "flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, antique, domestic equipment, chest of drawers, tool box, furniture, storage, recycled tin, recycled box, kerosene, fossil fuel, lighthouse lamp fuel, british imperial oil company ltd.

Work produced during Paul Lambeth's photography class The photograph shows the back beach at Point Lonsdale, below the Point Lonsdale Lighthouse. This area was where many sailing ship coming to Melbourne were wrecked. This was due to the narrow passage through The Rip and the tides at certain times. A Pilot Station was established and ship captains could signal for a Pilot to steer them through The Rip and into Port Philip Bay. Black and white photograph adhered to a beige coloured mount card showing a girl down a hole in the sand with her dalmation dog sitting in a rock pool.paul lambeth, point lonsdale, back beach, sailing ships, ship wrecks, the rip, port philip bay, pilot station, girl, dalmation dog

Accurate charts were imperative for sea farers to sail their vessels safely from one side of the world to another. The British Admiralty published many charts and updated them frequently. Specialists were employed to gather information such as depth soundings to give the navigator as many helps as possible. At regular intervals the charts had to be updated with the amount of adjustment needed to a compass to allow for magnetic variation.This chart is significant for its association with incoming and outgoin ships for trade and passengers in the late 19th century.Admiralty Chart of Port Phillip, Victoria, South Coast of Australia. It shows navigation buoys, lighthouses, tides and money other details. It was surveyed by Commander Henry L. Cox R.N. in 1864. Published by Admiralty August 19th 1865. Corrections were made by Staff Commander E.J. Stanley R.N. in 1874. The West Channel was surveyed b J.B. Mason , Engineer, in 1899. Published and cartographed in Admiralty, London, England in 1897, supervised by Capt G H Richards R N Hydrographer. Chart was updated in 1899. Sold by W D Potter Agent for Admiralty Charts 145 minorities.Printed: "Port Phillip" "Australia - South Coast, Victoria"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime-museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, chart, australia, south coast, port phillip, admiralty, 1899, navigation, cartography, cartographer

Yearly publication showing predicted heights in metres for Port Phillip Heads, Williamstown, Portland and Stony Point (Westernport) and tidal differences for other Ports.This booklet provides tide and port information for the coastline of Victoria for the year 1976. It also has information on other aspects of weather such as wind, cloud and sea descriptions. These booklets were a useful reference for fishermen and those involved in boating along the coast of Victoria. They are published in digital form today.Sold at Stan McPhee Sports store Liebig St Warrnambool Vic showing local tides. Red card wrap around cover. 92 cream coloured pages held with 2 staples. Black print. Ports and harbour seal on the frontBooksellers stamp: ink. blue Stan McPhee Sports, green Liebig St Vic. red ...2953. 6717/75. C.H. Rixon, Government Printer, Melbourne. 51st Edition. Recommended price $3.00. Tables for Sunrise, Sunset/moonrise, moonset and transits at Port Phillip Heads & differences for other Victorian and Tasmanian Lighthouse stations.tide table, warrnambool tide table 1976, southern victorian tides

Book. ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION. 280 page red hardback novel by M. Forrest set in rural Australia. Published about 1926 by Hutchinson & Co. Ltd., London and printed in England by Jarrod & Sons Ltd. Catalogue sticker ''2203 FOR'' on spine. Handwritten in ink on flyleaf - ''A H Chisholm with many pleasant recollections from the Author Dec 1926 'The parrot preened the glory of his wing; The bronze-wing ?? Crooned his spring tide tale; The grey dove moaned o'er lost forgotten things; What violins of wings the boughs have known.' M Forest in Queensland woods''.M. Forestbooks, collections, fiction, alec h chisholm collection, m.forrest, novel

This is the last of the series of books chronicling the achievements of the ships and personnel of the Royal Australian Navy in WWII. For the whole of the war the Navy was on the job all over the place all of the time. From the first to the last days of WWII RAN was represented, by ships and personnel in the battle for supremacy in t he battle for supremacy at sea. They took part in every rear-guard action in the days when the tide was against. They participated in the invasions of enemy territory that came with the resurgence of Allied strength right through to the final assaults on the Japanese home islands The last book of the series of which HMAS MK IV, servIng personnel of the RAN have recorded the achievements of their service in WWII HMAS Mk IV - The RAN's Fourth Book. Green front, back and spine hardcover.. Inside front and back cover is a green sepia aerials view illustration of Japanese islands with boats and aeroplane. Illustrations, poems, stories, photographs, prints, cartoons.Dedicated to all those past and present, who 'Fear God, Honour the Kingwwii, royal australian navy, triumph of sea power, amphibian, flying seaman, invasion of borneo, whaler's crew, converted ocean liners, wrans go to sea, balikpapan, frigates, new guinea, indonesia, south east oceania, bougainville, surrender of dutch borneo, world war 2

Lindisfarne – also known as Holy Island – is one of the most important centres of early English Christianity. It can be reached by car at low tide as there is a causeway across to the Island. Irish monks settled here in AD 635 and the monastery became the centre of a major saint’s cult celebrating its bishop, Cuthbert. The masterpiece now known as the Lindisfarne Gospels was created here in the early 8th century. There is a small village on the island, with a church still in use. Interesting graves, the priory ruin, Viking remnants and a castle adorn the isle.Grave showing Freemason's symbol, Lindisfarne Island, UKIn Memory of George Burn, with a compass and set square and castle symbolgeorge burn, grave, freemason, symbolic, symbol, linidsfarne, st cuthbert, holy island, northumberland

Black and white photograph of the first WHS principal, taken at a reunion in 1965, mounted on board. Accompanied by a caption.Caption reads: The first headmaster was Mr F.W. Johnson a first class administrator and an inspiring teacher of science. His normal rebuke for a minor lapse was to call the transgressor, ' you silly fellow', but he had heavier ammunition for the more accomplished villains. (From High Tide 1965.) On back of photograph: Mr F. W. Johnson, first headmaster at WHS 1915-1927. Photo taken 1965 Golden Jubilee.williamstown high school, 1965, principals, mr f.w. johnson

Depicts the original quadrangle building, decked out with celebratory flags. A large crowd listens to the dignitaries as the school is officially opened. The English flag can be seen in the crowd.2 copies: 1 copy of a black and white photograph of the original 1867 building mounted on board. 1 laminated copy of photograph. Accompanied by 2 captions. See also: 32.11 - original sepia photograph.Official opening of school from High Tide 1915. Caption 1 reads: In 1914 control passed to the education Department. Buildings were renovated and plans executed for two pre-fabricated buildings as a temporary measure. Caption 2 reads: In 1867 the Williamstown Borough Grammar Achool was situated on the corner of Pasco Street and Verdon Street Williamstown. Back of original sepia photograph: Official opening of the school 1921. (see photograph above.)williamstown high school, 1915, school opening

Buckle was created for the 1988 Reunion in Melbourne for Vietnam Veterans. 300 of these buckles were made for sale at the Reunion.Silver Belt Buckle of heavy metal. On front "Vietnam Veteran" across top. Image of 3 Service personal and a helicopter. At the bottom on top of the image of some flags. At back is a folding buckle and a hook stud to clip into belt holes. Shape is rectangular.Inscribed on front "Vietnam Veteran". On back inscribed "Vietnam Veterans International Reunion Melbourne 1988". Also "Made in Australia by Blandon Australia Pty Ltd". Also an Acclamation included under notes. Inscribed on back: "We Veterans do not gather to justify or dispute the rights of wrongs of War because it is not a dispute for those of us who Served to Answer. This buckle is in Remembrance of our International Veterans Community Celebration, A Community Strong of Heart, Strong with Love. The Tide is Turning". vietnam veterans, buckle

Friendly Societies were founded in the Australian Colonies in the mid-19th Century by immigrants from England who had been members in Societies which dated back to the 18th Century. Like all working people these immigrants experienced sickness, accidents, unemployment, death and burial. They needed help of like fellows to tide their families over these times. So they formed a branch of one of the Friendly Societies back in the mother country. The idea was to make fixed contributions to a fund and when they were off work they would receive a payment. When they died funeral benefits would be paid and the widow and children would be cared for. It was a form of local insurance for hard times. This book was used in a time of 'look after yourself' as the Colonial Governments did not provide pensions or benefits. This item reflects those times.A brown book with ablue spine. It contains pink paper copies of correspondence from M.U.I.O.O.F. (Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows)on front cover - handwritten in pen "M.U.I.O.O.F Orbost Branch"m.u.i.o.o.f. friendly-society manchester-unity

Friendly Societies were founded in the Australian Colonies in the mid-19th Century by immigrants from England who had been members in Societies which dated back to the 18th Century. Like all working people these immigrants experienced sickness, accidents, unemployment, death and burial. They needed help of like fellows to tide their families over these times. So they formed a branch of one of the Friendly Societies back in the mother country. The idea was to make fixed contributions to a fund and when they were off work they would receive a payment. When they died funeral benefits would be paid and the widow and children would be cared for. It was a form of local insurance for hard times. This item was used in a time of 'look after yourself' as the Colonial Governments did not provide pensions or benefits. This item reflects those times.An account book for M.U.I.O.O.F. (Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows ). It has a dark blue fabric cover. It contains hand-written accounts.m.u.i.o.o.f. friendly-society accounts-book

Friendly Societies were founded in the Australian Colonies in the mid-19th Century by immigrants from England who had been members in Societies which dated back to the 18th Century. Like all working people these immigrants experienced sickness, accidents, unemployment, death and burial. They needed help of like fellows to tide their families over these times. So they formed a branch of one of the Friendly Societies back in the mother country. The idea was to make fixed contributions to a fund and when they were off work they would receive a payment. When they died funeral benefits would be paid and the widow and children would be cared for. It was a form of local insurance for hard times. This item was used in a time of 'look after yourself' as the Colonial Governments did not provide pensions or benefits and reflects those times.A very large cash book with a blue fabric cover , a brown spine and edges.