Three catalogues, two with grey covers and one missing its cover. Auction Catalogue of Mining and General Machinery held on Thursday 27th April, 1944 at Benambra, near Omeo, Vic. The buildings, tools, stores, plant, motor vehicles & extensive equipment of the Mount Murphy Wolfram Mine were sold by Order of Commonwealth of Aust. Department of Supply and Shipping. J. H. Curnow & Son were the Auctioneers. Contains descriptions of larger machinery, buildings and engines. Sale also conducted by permission of the Director of Machine Tools and Gauges under Regulation 59 of the National Security (General) Regulations.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - mount murphy wolfram mine, commonwealth of aust dept of supply and shipping, j h curnow & son, c j curnow, h j lowe, f c dyett, j l jamieson & co, w g wedd, the prahran telegraph printing co

Yellow covered auction catalogue with black printing for a sale at McNiece Bros. Factory, Midland Highway, Epsom - Via Bendigo on 27th February 1985 under instructions from the Receivers/Managers Messrs A.G. Sherlock and W. Palmer, Coopers & Lybrand, Sydney. For sale were Air Compressors, Electric Motors, Refrigeration Compressors, Oil Air Coolers, 1967 Bedford 4 Ton Dual Wheel Tipping Truck with Steel Bin, P.A. System, Piping & Fittings, General Workshop, Office and Cleaning Equipment. J H Curnow & Son Pty. Ltd. Were the auctioneers.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - mcniece bros. factory - bendigo, a g sherlock, w palmer coopers & lybrand, j h curnow & son pty ltd, f c dyett, i m dyett, n f dyett, bolton bros. pty ltd print

Christmas Number of the Bulletin dated Saturday, December 9, 1899. Vol. 30-No.1034. It has a reddish pink cover with dark blue printing. Contents include advertising, stories to read, poetry, illustrations and a few photos. Poetry by The Banjo, Barbara Baynton, Will H. Ogilvie, Hubert Church, Henry Lawson,Constance Clyde, Cecil Poole and Frank Morton. Stories by Louise Mack, J Evison, Wilkins Micawber, Henry Fletcher, Ruru, Roderic Quinn, Ethel Mills, M I, E & O'F, Old Jack, Lilian Turner and Alex Montgomery. There is an advert for Fry's Cocoa on the frontPrinted and Published by William Macleod, of Botany St., Waverley, for The Bulletin Newspaper Co., Ltd., at the Office of the Co., 214 George St., North Sydney NSW.magazine, organization, general post office sydney, john jones collection - bulletin 9 december 1899, general post office sydney

invoices circa 1965 Bendigo businesses and sales. The McIvor Brick Company began building work in 1950 making this a fairly early invoice. D N Dean was Douglas Niven Dean (1917-2000)Miscellaneous invoices related to Mr. Douglas Dean, 26 Bolt Street, Long Gully: 10558a Contract for transfer of property (legal document Hyatt, Willis & Hyatt Solicitors, Bendigo) 10558b State of Victoria, Motor Car Act 1958 transfer of sale for a standard sedan Rego No HXP 668 from Mr. J. Wells to Mr. D. Dean on 8 Feb. 1965 10558c Miscellaneous invoices related to purchases by M. D. Dean, 26 Bolt Street, Long Gully (Eight from Bendigo Timber Co. Ltd., One from McIvor Brick Co. Ltd.)motor registration, property transfer, dean

Print black and white in wooden frame, at bottom of print the words in large font "SAVING AMIENS" / " A brilliant Bayonet Charge by the 9th Australian Brigade" Ornately carved wooden frame with Gold inlay on the inner edge closest to the glass with off white mounting board. The print appears to sit loosely in the frame. The picture is signed by F. Mantania in the bottom left corner and on the picture mounting board "by F. Mantania, R. J." centered on the top mounting board is "Copyright published 15th May 1919 by "The Sphere and Tatler", LTD, 6, Great New Street E.C.4Copyright published 15th May 1919 by "The Sphere and Tatler", LTD, 6, Great New Street E.C.4

Miss Olive Codling was a Foundation Member and a Life Member of the Wodonga Historical Society. Many of her prize-winning photos are held in the Society Collection. She also held a range of roles and committee positions in a wide range of Wodonga community organisations. These included the Horticultural Society, the Wodonga Arts Council, the Wodonga Camera Club and the Wodonga Lapidary Club. This photo collection is significant as it documents how the businesses and buildings in Wodonga have evolved and contributed to community throughout the 20th century.J. Mann and Sons was first established as a farm produce store in 1921. The range of products was extended in the 1930s and included groceries and hardware, as well as the first petrol bowser in Wodonga outside the store. After WWII, the premises were extended and the range of products continued to increase. In the 1960s the Mann Family opened a new supermarket in Wodonga, in addition to the hardware business, providing steel, plumbing and industrial supplies, and employed over 100 people. This site has since been redeveloped and is now the Mann Centre. Signs on the edge of the verandah advertise Garden Centre, Rural & Building Supplies, Footwear and a Hairstylistwodonga businesses, high st wodonga, mann wodonga

Black and white photograph of a group of New Works residents, named are, back row Max Browne standing, Maddie Brown, Mrs Ada Grant, A Phillips, Mrs Lloyd, Boyd Thomson, Mrs Palmer, Mrs Ada Thomson, Mrs Elliot, O'Hara Browne, Mrs Phillips, Mrs Katherine Browne, W Sillet, G Gardner, Laura Phillips, Louise Phillips. Second row M Carpenter, Ted Grant, M Hooper, J Elliot, Audrey Brown. Third row I Elliot, D Carpenter, K Lloyd on the Government Jetty, Lakes Entrance Victoriagenealogy, reunion

Hand written letter dated: Bendigo, November 12Th (?), 1892The letter on letterhead of The Colonial Mutual Fire insurance Company Limited and addressed to Mrs Schroeder. It reads: Dear Madam Messrs. Connolly and Tatchell have asked me to write you in reference to the insurance of your butcher shop in the joint names of Mr. Kelly and yourself. Mr. Tatchell says he understand that you wish to insure it for 100 pounds. Will you kindly sign the proposal at the bottom and give me the name of your tenant. I am dear madam yours faithfully signed R. J. Barton.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Court Epping 6549 A.O.F. Receipt written on a piece of paper and dated January 9th, 1888. Received from Bro Alfred Clear the sum of seven shillings and sixpence; payment for Medical Benefits for one quarter - from December 25th, 1887, to March 25th, 1888. Signed D J Okeefe Secretary. Part purple stamp at the end Court, Beaconsfield, Tasmania. Bro. Alfred Clear, written on the back. b/ Dated March 25th to June 25th, 1888. c/ Dated June 25th to Sept 25th, 1888. d/ Dated Sept 25th to Dec 25th, 1888.societies, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - receipt, court epping 6549 a.o.f., alfred clear, d j okeefe

Typed letter to Mr Richardson from Geoffrey A Lambert regarding Victoria Hill. He states that the Minister for Mines, Hon. J. C. Balfour has asked the Department's Geologist located at Bendigo to prepare a report on the Victoria Hill area. The Minister also points out that there are conflicting interests which exists between local municipal authorities who are seeking to have mine damaged areas reclaimed for recreation or developmental projects, while some would like the past relics preserved for historical interests among tourists. He also mentions ways of publicity. Dated 19/10/1967.document, gold, victoria hill, hon. j c balfour, clark jeffries, bendigo city council, racv, the age, geoffrey lambert, albert richardson

Sepia photograph mounted on grey card shows buildings in Linton's main street. On LHS of photo "J. Shepherd Grocer & Ironmonger", with horse-drawn cart outside. Railway Hotel, James Nelson Undertaker, and library buildings on RHS of photo, people standing outside hotel and children in front of undertaker's. Dating the photo: James Nelson, whose premises are shown next to the hotel, took over his family's carpentery and undertaking business in 1901. The original hotel was a timber structure or structures. It is believed these were removed in about 1903 and a new brick hotel built around 1903-1904.sussex street, linton, streetscapes, horse drawn vehicles, hotels, commercial buildings

From 1851 the Victorian government required all men on Victorian Goldfields to carry a Gold License. The fee was one pound per month, and was payable in advance. There was agitation surrounding the gold license which was thought to be an excessive fee and did not give the bearer right to representation. On 03 December 1854 the gold diggers on the Eureka Lead fought a short battle against the army and police troopers. A few months later a new system of taxing gold diggers was introduced - the Miner's Right.The Victorian Gold Licence was issued from 1851 until early 1855. Every man on a Victorian goldfield had to carry a valid gold license, so few survived the harsh treatment of being carried around a working goldfield. There was much dissatisfaction about what was thought to be an unfair mining tax (or gold license). On 29 November 1854 Ballarat miners burnt their licenses on Bakery Hill. On 3 December 1854 the Eureka Stockade Battle took place, resulting in the Goldfields Commission. The first Miner's Right was issued in late June 1855, and in July the first Local Courts were elected by miner's right holders. The two Fitnall Gold Licenses are important because they were issued on either side of the Eureka Stockade, and are in very good condition. The Gold Licenses were donated to the Ballarat School of Mines by John Wilson in 1921. Two gold licenses issued by the Colony of Victoria. The licenses are printed onto blue paper with a Colony of Victoria logo at the top. The licenses were issued on either side of the historic Eureka Stockade in Ballarat East which took place on 03 December 1854. .1) No 219 - Made out to [H?] Fithall on 16 April 1854 and signed by Commissioner R.C. Mackenzie. The license was valid until 31 July 1854. .2) No. 214 - Made out to [H?] Fithall on 1 May 1854 and signed by Commissioner J. Johnston. The license was valid until 15 May 1855.On the backing card "Given to the School of Mines, October 6 1921, by John Wilson Errard Street, Ballarat."mining, gold license, gold licence, mining license, mining licence, mackenzie, johnston, fitnall, gold commissioner, eureka

Gold award medal for elocution, with a suspension piece at the crest with a suspension ring. Obverse 3mm wide ring engraved "AUSTRAL SOCIETY CHAMPION MEDAL BENDIGO 1903" In the centre is a gold lyre attached to a scroll attached to the ring by two horizontal bars. Banner underneath the gold ring "QUI MERUIT FERAT" (translation "Let he who merits the palm possess it" OR "If you wish to gain recognition, work hard for it") Reverse Engraved on outer ring "ALEX J HAMILTON BENDIGO" Engraved on centre scroll "Grand Elocutionary Championships and 17 Prizes". Hallmarks on back of banner.person, individual, alexander john hamilton

Bacchus Marsh Express of 7 November 1874 reports that this building was designed and erected by Mr Jeremiah Ryan for Mr H. G. Salter, draper. Mr Salter gave the name of "Hall of Commerce" to the building, a term in common usage at the time. The building was of a substantial size. In the Express of January 4 1879 Messrs Basham and Bradley advertised a wide variety of goods including drapery, millinery, ready-made clothing, boots and shoes and furniture. At the front of the building was the first pavement in the township. This photo forms a contrast with the photograph (also taken by Stevenson & McNicoll in 1883) of Timmons Clothier and Draper, but depicting an older building from 1857. This business was on the verge of closure, Mr Timmons conducting his business as a travelling salesman, taking his goods by horse and cart to outlying districts. The image provides an example of the growing scale of retail development in Bacchus Marsh in the late nineteenth century.This photograph is a record of a prominent commercial building that has undergone substantial change. The image shows the original upper floor which was destroyed by fire in 1928.The building retains its usage as a commercial premises.Small sepia unframed photograph on card with gold border framing photograph. Housed in the album, 'Photographs of Bacchus Marsh and District in 1883 by Stevenson and McNicoll'. Photograph of a two storey brick building with a front verandah. Various signage on second storey front and side, and on verandah, including: Hall of Commerce. Boots & Shoes. Men and Boy's Clothing. Furniture and Bedding. J. Carter Outfitter. Basham & Bradley. Milliners and Dressmakers. General Drapers. General Drapery. Warehouse. Latter signage obscures earlier signage. The photographer has captured a young girl sitting on a bench at the front of the store.On the front: Stevenson & McNicoll. Photo. 108 Elizabeth St. Melbourne. COPIES CAN BE OBTAINED AT ANY TIME. On the back: LIGHT & TRUTH inscribed on a banner surmounted by a representation of the rising sun. Copies of this Portrait can be had at any time by sending the Name and Post Office Money Order or Stamps for the amount of order to STEVENSON & McNICOLL LATE BENSON & STEVENSON, Photographers. 108 Elizabeth Street, MELBOURNE. Handwritten: Hall of Commerce. Cr. Main + Graham Sts built 1874 by Jeremiah Ryan. Destroyed by fire 1928. Courtesy Mrs. Jeremeas. Photo 1883.stevenson and mcnicoll 1883 photographs of bacchus marsh and district, shops bacchus marsh vic., bacchus marsh hall of commerce

BHS CollectionDiggers & mining. Life Of The Selectors. Minor sitting in front of his makeshift hut smoking a cigarette. Some of the necessities of a miner which are visible in the picture are; wheelbarrow, barrel for a table, buckets, shovels, axe, gold pan, hand saw, tin cup, wash board, axe, frypan horse collar, saw horse/also doubles as a seat, barrel/also used for storage, large pan, fresh fish hanging. Markings; Life Of The Selectors 1860-1890. Set 432 No. 5. Selector's Hut, East Gippsland - photo by N. J. Claire, 1884. Used as a teaching aid.Visual Education Centreeducation, tertiary, goldfields

Report - black comb bound, yellow paper front cover and plastic sheet, plain white back cover, approx. 200 pages, pages not numbered, titled "Maintenance Analysis Task Force (Trams), Final Report, dated March - May 1988. Produced by The Met Tram Servicing group. Includes a letter signed by the J Parish, to the Acting Group Manager, Fleet Maintenance and Construction. Includes an index with recommendations, and 16 Appendices. Looks at the management of the tram fleet (W5 to W7, Z1, Z2, Z3, A class and Artics and how it could be computerized and the introduction of preventative maintenance schedules.In ink on the top right hand corner "Includes Some Main Procedures and Illust..." and initial "JW"trams, tramways, the met, tramcars, maintenance, preston workshops, tram failures

Handwritten notes and typed copy of same, on a fire at Ironbark. From the Bendigo Advertiser 1/1/1894 (Page 2). Destructive Fire at Ironbark. A Mining Engine House Destroyed. Shortly before 12 o'clock Sat. night a fire broke out in the engine-house of the North Garden Gully & Passby Company. Flames first noticed by neighbours. Contacted Capt. J Walker - Temperance Brigade. Building was of brick. Interior of building completely gutted. Winding plant appears to be not altogether destroyed. End of one of the compressors was blown out, and the wire ropes damaged somewhat. Albert Richardson Collection. document, gold, north garden gully & passby company, north garden gully & passby company, bendigo advertiser 1/1/1894 page 2, capt j walker, temperance brigade

Original map of 'land granted as endowment' for tramway or railway. On top Rh corner of map, in bold print 'Sandhurst, Inglewood & Loddon district Tramway or Railway. Land granted as endowment shaded, scale 60 chains to 1 inch. Lithographed by J & W. Holmes, Lith. Sandhurst'. Signed by Geo Avery Fletcher, Engineer. Map shows Parish of Leichardt, Parish of Yarraberb, Parish of Bridgwater and a section of Marong. On bottom RH corner, is small map of Sandhurst, showing railway reserve. Top LH corner, Inglewood. Map shows route of railway line from Sandhurst to Inglewood.map, marks collection, railway, inglewood

Original hand drawn map showing lease holders along Mt. Korong Road, Sandhurst area. Names include Gold Mines Co., Hercules Co., H. Koch, Prince Alfred Co, Advance Co., J. Steane, Skeals, Abel & Co., Mounts(?) Bay co., Wellington Co., Waterloo Co., Endeavour Co., W.H. Langdon, Bridgman & Co. Written in blue pencil on top RH corner in script Syme Well, Nova Ste (indecipherable), German Aleno Co., Concord, Rae. Written on back of map in black pen 'Maps'.map, bendigo, mining leases

Taken in the 1990’s, the photograph depicts an exhibition in Beechworth featuring a series of shop fronts or a streetscape inspired by the 1850s gold rush to Beechworth. Gold was discovered in the Beechworth area in 1852, leading to a significant rush to the area as diggers and hopeful migrants alike hoped to strike it rich. This gold rush to Beechworth, which was part of a larger and prolonged gold rush to the Victorian colony in the 1850’s, led to significant communal, social, and economic shifts in the area and the colony.This photograph contains historical and social significance, connecting with several themes such as gold mining, making regional centres, and marking significant phases of development for Victoria’s towns. The gold rush of the 1850’s was a significant historical phase for the Victorian colony that led to widespread social, economic, and communal changes as the population of the colony nearly tripled in size. The rush to Beechworth after the discovery of gold in 1852 was one of the earliest gold finds. The photograph depicts an interpretation of store fronts in Beechworth during the 1850’s following the gold rush, providing an example of the historical interpretation of the Beechworth gold rush in the 1990’s. The photograph also demonstrates the enduring importance of Beechworth’s gold rush history to the local community, who continued to demonstrate an interest in the Beechworth gold rush. Colour rectangular photograph printed on photographic paper.Obverse: DANCING EVERY NIGHT 8 P.M-6 A.M/ GOLD DIGGERS ARMS HOTEL/ STAR (illegible)/ SALOON/ EST. 1853/ BEECHWORTH GOLD (illegible)/ J. DAVIDSON/ LICENSE/ BANK OF VICTORIA/ GOLD BUYING OFFICE/ EST. 1856 (illegible) Reverse: 3306 gold rush, beechworth, exhibition, victorian colony, shops, store fronts, streetscape, saloon, gold buyer, hotel, store, bank of victoria, j. davidson

This medal was awarded at the Villiers and Heytesbury Agricultural Association Annual Show to Daniel Hourigan in 1877 for his yearling colt by 'Prince of the Isles'. The formation of the Villiers and Heytesbury Agricultural Association arose out of a meeting at Woodford in 1853 and the first Show was held in Warrnambool in 1855 on a green bound by Fairy, Henna and Koroit Streets. It was held there until 1875 when it moved to the present Warrnambool Showgrounds in Koroit Street. At the 37th Annual Show in 1890 Warrnambool held its first Grand National Show, a title granted by the Chamber of Agriculture in Victoria. The Villiers and Heytesbury Agricultural Association became known as the Warrnambool Agricultural Show in 1911. Daniel Hourigan was a farmer, road contractor, poundkeeper and auditor who lived in the Tower Hill area in the 19th century. This medal is of considerable interest as it is a memento of the Villiers and Heytesbury Agricultural Association Annual Show in the 19th century. Annual Agricultural Shows have been an important feature of agricultural life in Victoria since the early days of European settlement and a feature of agricultural life in the Warrnambool district since the 1850s. The medal is also of great interest because it was awarded to Daniel Hourigan, a prominent settler in the Warrnambool district in the 19th century. .1 Circular silver disc with image of horse, bull, sheep, wheat sheaf and plough on the reverse with script around edge of obverse with awardees details engraved in the centre. Edge of the medal is plain. .2 Square maroon leather case with small metal clasp and hinge. Lined on the interior with blue velvet and cream silk.Obverse :" Warrnambool" engraved above image of cattle. W J Taylor London Reverse : Villiers & Heytesbury Agricultural Association in low relief around the edge. 1st prize awarded to Daniel Houriganfor yearling colt , "Prince of the Isles Annual Show 10th October 1877.warrnambool, villiers and heytesbury, daniel hourigan, prince of the isles, 1877, villiers & heytesbury agricultural show

These medals were issued by the Town of Warrnambool in 1897 to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the reign of Queen Victoria of England. Walter John Hickford, the Mayor Warrnambool at that time, has his name on the medal. Walter Hickford (1855-1928) was a Warrnambool businessman, setting up a shop in Liebig Street in 1880, supplying the paint materials for householders, contactors, painters and artists. He also carried out decorative work in private homes, businesses and churches. Hickford was active in civic life in Warrnambool, serving as a Councillor from 1890 to 1903 and he was Mayor from 1895 to 1897.These medals are of considerable importance as they were produced for the Town of Warrnambool in 1897 to celebrate Queen Victoria’s Jubilee. They have both a local and a wider national significance.,1These two circular bronze medals have profiles of Queen Victoria as a young woman and as a crowned monarch on the reverse and the Warrnambool Coat of Arms on the obverse. Both have a punched hole with a metal ring on the top. .2 As above .3 These five circular medals, four of which are bronze and one brass are identical with those described above..1Queen Victoria 60th year of reign 1837 to 1897 obverse Town of Warrnambool W. J. Hickford Mayor .BY THESE WE FLOURISH Reverse .2 As above .3 As for .3 above Note one of the bronze ones has a fabric cord attached through a hole at the top.medals, queen victoria 60th anniversarry, warrnambool, mayor john hickford

Vol I . Hard cardboard cover, red buckram, gold print on front & spine. Gold print round seal on front. 516 cut, plain, white, slightly glossy pages. Black / white photos & maps. Bookshop sticker on front end paper, title page: “D Hope, Bookseller, Devonport, Tas” Handwritten in black ink on front end paper: “Henry J Curwen Devonport Feb 27 1915” Handwritten in blue ink on title page: “Mary P Clancy”book, the times, 1914

The residence was relocated from school number 2242 in Heatherdale Road (Mitcham) south of the railway line to this site in Ringwood Street opposite Charter Street where it adjoined the school when it opened at the corner of Maroondah Highway in 1889. For Rear View of the residence see record 6855Written below photograph, "Old schoolmasters residence - Ringwood St. - 1945". Written on back of one of smaller copies, "Was used as a residence by Mr. D. Broben(?) H.? No2977 for many years. Photo taken by Miss Joyce Russell for J. K. McCaskill. Bedford Rd."

Standard issue Air Force trousers.Navy blue, woollen pants, plastic buttonsInside tag: "CONWAY BROS PTY LTD" / "1969" / "A ^ F" / "SIZE 0" / "8405-66-012-3732" Inside back pocket: "J. Vaitkevics" written in blue pen, and "Wilson" has also been written in blue pen, but it has been crossed out.military clothing, military uniforms

Black and White photograph contained with Reg. Item 1902 - Photo Album from Keith Kings to Les Denmead 1970. Photograph of SEC Ballarat tram 40 at corner of Sturt St and Lydiard St. North, City. Tram showing destination "Victoria St". Has Eureka Roofing Tiles and 'Everything's under control in my electric kitchen" roof advertising boards. Photo taken 3/3/68 Keith Kings No. 28-31 Scanning: i - image file, p - presentation file, b - back of photograph.Stamp in top left hand corner and handwritten number with "K.S. Kings No.28-31 Copyright reserved". Had crossed out number J(u)(12) In blue ink "Ballarat / No. 40 / Sturt St at Lydiard St. North, City / 3/3/68"trams, tramways, ballarat, sturt st, city, tram 40

This set of photos is from a leather bound album bearing the inscription "HUME RESERVOIR AUSTRALIA" plus 'The Rt. Hon. L. C. M. S. Amery, P. C., M .P.' all inscribed in gold. It was presented to The Rt. Hon. L. C. M. S. Amery, P. C., M. P, Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs on the occasion of his visit to the Hume Reservoir on 2nd November 1927. To ensure preservation of the album and its contents, the images and information pages have all been digitised. It is assumed that over the past 70 to 80 years there has been some loss of contrast due to fading, and probably detail. Thus, each photo was enhanced in several steps. Digitalisation of the album was completed by Eric Eulenstein in Wodonga in April 2002. The position of Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs was a British cabinet-level position created in 1925 and responsible for British relations with the Dominions — Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Newfoundland, and the Irish Free State — and the self-governing Crown colony of Southern Rhodesia.This album is of local and national significance as it documents the planning and development of the Hume Reservoir up to 1927. It was the largest water reservoir in the British Empire. The album records the pioneering engineering work that went into its construction.Title page of album, including official name and construction authorities."DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS N.S.W./ (FROM MRS J. HORE WODONGA) /THE RIVER MURRAY WATER SCHEME./ HUME RESERVOIR NEAR ALBURY, NEW SOUTH WALES/CONSSTUCTING AUTHORITIES,/ NEW SOUTH WALES/DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS/VICTORIA/STATE RIVERS & WATER COMMISSION"hume reservoir australia, river murray waters scheme

Through many millennia, various suture materials were used or proposed. Needles were made of bone or metals such as silver, copper, and aluminium bronze wire. Sutures were made of plant materials (flax, hemp and cotton) or animal material (hair, tendons, arteries, muscle strips and nerves, silk, and catgut).[citation needed] The earliest reports of surgical suture date to 3000 BC in ancient Egypt, and the oldest known suture is in a mummy from 1100 BC. A detailed description of a wound suture and the suture materials used in it is by the Indian sage and physician Sushruta, written in 500 BC. The Greek father of medicine, Hippocrates, described suture techniques, as did the later Roman Aulus Cornelius Celsus. The 2nd-century Roman physician Galen described sutures made of surgical gut or catgut. In the 10th century, the catgut suture along with the surgery needle were used in operations by Abulcasis. The gut suture was similar to that of strings for violins, guitars, and tennis racquets and it involved harvesting sheep or cow intestines. Catgut sometimes led to infection due to a lack of disinfection and sterilization of the material. Joseph Lister endorsed the routine sterilization of all suture threads. He first attempted sterilization with the 1860s "carbolic catgut," and chromic catgut followed two decades later. Sterile catgut was finally achieved in 1906 with iodine treatment. The next great leap came in the twentieth century. The chemical industry drove production of the first synthetic thread in the early 1930s, which exploded into production of numerous absorbable and non-absorbable synthetics. The first synthetic absorbable was based on polyvinyl alcohol in 1931. Polyesters were developed in the 1950s, and later the process of radiation sterilization was established for catgut and polyester. Polyglycolic acid was discovered in the 1960s and implemented in the 1970s. Today, most sutures are made of synthetic polymer fibers. Silk and, rarely, gut sutures are the only materials still in use from ancient times. In fact, gut sutures have been banned in Europe and Japan owing to concerns regarding bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Silk suture is still used today, mainly to secure surgical drains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_suture#:~:text=Sutures%20were%20made%20of%20plant,a%20mummy%20from%201100%20BC. This tin contains a variety of surgical threads and accessories that were used by Dr W.R.Angus. It was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s SS Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church in that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr L Middleton was House Surgeon to the Nhill Hospital 1926-1933, when he resigned. [Dr Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr Edward saw patients at his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2 bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1884-1902 . He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan work as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. Dr Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10am, 2-4pm, 7-8pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June, 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII1942-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”. The repair of open wounds is essential to prevent infection and death. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. Black tin with hinged lid, containing reels and packets of surgical silk, gut and metal suture threads, scalpel blades, chamois and metal blade holder with tensioned chamois piece across top. (W.R. Angus Collection)‘MEDRAFIL, Dr MULLER- MEERNACH, Nr O, MADE IN GERMANY.’ printed on one of the paper bags in the box containing a suture bobbin. 'PEARSALL'S LONDON' printed on some bobbins. 'J A DEKNATEL & SON INC, QUEENS VILLAGE, LONG ISLAND NEW YORK' printed on others.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, surgical silks and sutures, dr w r angus, medical equipment, surgical instrument, dr ryan, ophthalmology, s.s. largs bay, warrnambool base hospital, nhill base hospital, flying doctor, medical history, medical treatment, mira hospital, medical education, sutures, surgical silk

Airmail envelope used to send letters and postcards from and to overseas in the eraAirmail envelope/ re, blue and white angled striped border on front and back/ Wings, circle of stars and words via air mail to right side. Address of sender and destination on left side.Ptv Ed Metzusn/ 5967616 CBPACDET RVN/ APO San Francisco/ California 96309 Mr & Mrs J Fink/ 25 Havelock st/ St Kilda 3182/ Melbourne/ Australia/ Postage Paid/ Port Paye/ Via airmail/ Par Avion Correo Aereoairmail, envelope, postal