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Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH WW2, Post 9.11.1942
John Eric Wiles VX16067 enlisted on 26.2.1940 age 24 years in the 2/7th Bn, embark for Eygpt 15.4.1940, disembark 17.5.1940, embark for Greece 30.3.1941, reported missing then as located, disembark Eygpt (no date but appears to be June). Hospital 10.6.1941 with Gastritis, rejoin unit 13.7.1941, promoted Cpl 6.12.1941, Sgt 12.1.1942, embark for Australia 12.7.1942, disembark 4.8.1942, embark for New Guinea 13.10.1942, appointed Lieutenant 9.11.1942, during period hospital with Malaria, disembark Australia 3.8.1943, hospital again with Malaria then Debility. Embark 11.11.1944 for Aitape, WIA remains on duty, prompted T/Capt 4.8.1945, disembark Australia 28.9.1945, appointment terminated in the 2nd AIF. Post war he became very involved in his Unit Association and the RSL and became in time a Life Member of both. He was also a President of Mitchum RSL.Photo copy of original on A4 size paper showing a portrait colour enhanced of an Officer wearing a peak cap and has one ribbon on jacket, there is an oval shape colour photo inserted at the bottom LH side of the Person in later life. The rear has a typed stuck on label with details.On rear typed, “Jack Wiles 2/7th INF BN VX16067 20.03.15 - 19.07.2005”photograph, ww2, wiles -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTGRAPH, WW1, c 1914-1919
Refers to the Service of Albert Edwards No, 5471 (English).This is a modern photocopy of a WW1 Group Portrait. It shows 2 young ladies and a British Uniformed soldier having a picnic on a grass paddock. In the background are numerous large buildings and vehicles of some sort.ww1, photo -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH AND CERTIFICATE, 9.6.1943
John Eric Wiles VX16067, refer Cat No 5410P for his service details.Certificate black print with typed details relating to the Appointment of a soldier to an Officer of the Permanent Military Forces by “Baron Gowrie”, on the rear fixed via tape is a portrait photo of the soldier as an Officer. Certificate is register of patents No 123 page 455 ninety day of June 1943.On certificate, “John Eric Wiles”certificates, appointment, officer, wiles -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH, WW2 SOLDIER
1. B & W portrait (full length) of a British Soldier. He is in shorts with his sleeves rolled up. He has no belt and is wearing boots and putties. It is in the form of a postcard. 2. B & W casual photo of a soldier sitting in the shade under a tree. In the background can be seen a truck and some equipment on the ground. The soldier is sitting on his gas cape.1. On rear is written - Dear Vin, hope the journey doesn't make the rev...? any worse. Addressed to Miss W. M. Foster, 42 St. Margarets Road, Bare , Morcombe Lanes, England. 2. Inscription on the rear is written " Chez Moi", for the time being.photos, army solldier -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS 38th BN, 1916 - 1918, post war
.1) Albert Ladlow No 1865 C Coy 2nd reinforcements. .2) Jack Grinton No 1043 C Coy, refer Cat No 1280 for service details. .3) Soldiers unknown at this point. .4) Group photo. 38th BN men C Coy. Three are recognisable, front centre Frederick Lehmann MM No 1048 C Coy, rear 4th from right Edgar Stanbury MM C Coy, 2nd from right Dick Verso C Coy. Items in the collection re Edgar Stanbury MM, refer Cat No 5032.3P Two Post card photos 1sepia 1 B&W soldiers in uniform, 1 sepia tone single soldier, 1 sepia group photo. .1) Portrait photo soldier with CPL stripes. .2) Soldier in gardens holding a camera. .3) Two soldiers standing with buildings in background. .4) Group photo post war 15 men in civvies against a brick wall background..1) On rear, “Cpl Albert Ladlow C Coy of Horsham Vic, 25.10.18 at present in Blighty, was Gassed” .2) on front, “4133, T.L.Fuller Amesbury”photographs, c coy, 38th bn -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book - BOOK, WORLD WAR ONE VICTORY, DANDO-COLLINS Stephen, The Heroes of Hamel, 2018
Soft cover book Soft cover - cardboard, brown and beige colour print on front, spine and back. Front illustration - sepia, half portrait of two soldiers in uniform. 323 pages - cut, off white, illustrated black & white photographs and map.books, military history, ww1 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS of Frank Edwards 1541, Australian Army, c1914 - 1919
Refers to service of Frank Edwards No. 1541 5th Battalion, Enlisted 30 Nov 1914. WIA 13 May 1915. Discharged Australia 23 June 1916.1. P - B & W full length portrait of Frank Edwards in uniform. He is wearing webbing, no rifle, This is a photocopy. 2, P - B & W Group portrait of four soldiers with coquet clubs in front lawn of a large mansion. This is made in the form of a postcard. 3. - Newsclipping about wounding of Frank Edwards. Melbourne Age, Sat 5 June 1915. 2. On rear, written in ink is - This is a photo of Lady Northcote's place where Frank was staying on sick 'leaf'(sic) in England. To Willie and Mary with love from Mother M.A.E.ww1, australian army -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH 38th BN, Post 2000
Albert Gilhooley No 890, enlisted 26.1.1916 age 21 years 5 months in C Coy 38th Bn, embarked for England 20.6.1916, appointed L/Cpl 12.9.1916, embark for France 22.11.1916, WIA 13.1.1917 GSW to left leg severe, rejoin unit 2.9.1917, appointed L/Sgt 18.12.1917, reverts to Cpl rank 17.2.1918, KIA 31.8.1918.Photo sepia tone rectangular shape, portrait of a soldier in uniform, no hat, Cpl stripes on arm.Hand written on rear, “Albert Gilhooley 890 38th Bn”photographs, 38th bn, c coy, -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS 5/38/58th BN, Post 2001
Brothers from Bendigo .1) Arthur John Knight No 318 enlisted 16.3.1916 in A Coy 38th Bn age 23 years 10 months, embarked for England 20.6.1916, embark for France to join the 58th BN 9.9.1916, hospital 26.1.1917 with Trench Feet, RTA 18.10.1917 loss of all toes, discharged from the AIF 15.6.1918. .2) Oliver Leslie Knight No 3891 enlisted on 16.8.1915 in 12th reinforcements 5th BN age 21 years 3 months, embark for Eygpt 23.11.1915, hospital Cairo 8.2.1916 with Influenza, embark for France with BEF 25.3.1916, WIA 25.7.1916 GSW Ear & Back, rejoin unit 16.11.1916, hospital 21.12.1916 with Trench Feet, rejoin unit 28.6.1917, L/Cpl 18.8.1917, WIA 2nd occasion 22.9.1917 GSW Back, rejoin unit 3.5.1918, Cpl 1.10.1918, RTA 1915 draft 25.1.1919, Discharged 6.7.1919 from the AIF.Photos B & W rectangular shape, soldiers in uniform, brothers, studio background. .1) Soldier standing with hands behind back. .2) Portrait photo merged into the background.photographs, 5th bn, 38thbn, 58thbn -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS 38th BN, C. 1918 -19
.1) William James Hogan No 1645 38th Bn, original photo, refer Cat No 1510 for service details. .2) Charles Ernest Newton MM, No 951 enlisted on 25.3.1916 in C Coy 38th Bn age 20 years 3 months, embark for England 20.6.1916, embark for France 22.11.1916, made L/Cpl 4.6.1917, WIA 7.4.1917 Gassed, rejoin unit 22.8.1917, hospital 13.10.1917 with P.U.O then Influenza, rejoin unit 10.1.1918, Made Cpl 17.8.1918, awarded “MM” 26/31st August 1918 near Clery sur Somme, WIA 2nd occasion 2.9.1918 Gas poisoning, rejoin unit 16.1.1919, RTA 22.9.1919, discharged from the AIF 1.2.1920. Refer also 5039.3P.Two photos 1 sepia 1 B & W portraits of soldiers in uniform no hats on. .1) Soldier arms crossed Sgt stripes on arm. .2) Soldier with “MM” ribbon on..1) On rear, “France 8.1.1919, To Tead from Bill, memories of Paris Trip 1918”. On front, “ W.J.Hogan, yours sincerely 9.1.1919”. .2) On rear, “C.E.Newton”.photographs, 38th bn, c coy, mm -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS 38th BN, 1).2) c 1918 - 19, .3) post 1920
All soldiers are believed to be in the 38th Bn AIF not yet identified. .3) the original/negative is held in the Grinton collection. That were all in a collection of photos, records, magazines from the 38th BN reunion Association Melbourne.Three photos 2 B & W portrait no background, 1 sepia with building in background, all rectangular shape, soldiers in uniform. .1) Soldier face with Cpl stripes on arm. .2) Soldier face on wearing a great coat. .3) Soldier sitting side on a log..3) On rear, “Ted M”photographs, 38th bn -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PORTRAITS, PHOTOGRAPHIC, August 1942
... on. Photograph PORTRAITS, PHOTOGRAPHIC ...It is unsure who this is, photos came in with collection relating to the Myers brothers 38th Bn WW1.Three Photos all the same person, rectangular shape B & W portraits, soldier in uniform no hat on. .1)This one on a brownish card with cobweb interwoven design. .2).3) Both the same, .2) has hand written details on..2) “With best wishes from Franc Russell”photographs, army, portraits, -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS, BLACK & WHITE, R.A.F, c1946
Relates to the service of R.A.F. SQNLDR VMK James, in Hong Kong 1946.Seven Black and white photos. 1. Japanese war criminals lined up with RAF guards 8 Sep 1945. 2. Pix of a building Pan Yuen (Officers Mess). 3. Pix of three men, two Europeans, one Chinese. 4. Pix of bogged "Blitz Truck" on beach. 5. Pix of UK Soldiers in font of Japanese truck. 7 Sep 1946, looking for an American Airman. 6. Portrait of Chan Chung Hang given to SQNLDR VMK James. 7. Pix of Chinese children at a Christmas party.ww2, hong king, kowloon -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book - BOOK, BIOGRAPHY of an official war artist, Scribe Publications Pty Ltd, "Will Dyson - Australia's Radical Genius", 2006
Biography of war artist Will DysonSoft Cover book. Soft cover cardboard, red and black print on front, spine and back. Front cover illustration. Black ink cartoon style portrait of a man, Back cover - small cartoon style etching of two men. 448 pages, cut plain, white. Illustrated black and white and colour photographs, etchings and cartoons.Biography of war artist Will Dysonbooks, biography, war artist, cartoons -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH OF A GROUP OF SOLDIERS, Australian Army, c1916 - 1918
These are WW1 Australian soldiers, They have leather bandoliers, leather leggings and spurs. Most have slouch hats. Therefore they are probably drivers. The big officer in the middle has red tabs so it is assumed he would be Colonel or above. Seated on the ground, right side is a veteran. He has a colour patch with the letter "A" . There is a Lance Corporal with a colour patch. I would place this as c1916-1918.This is a small group portrait set into a cardboard frame. The photo is black and white. There are 3 ranks of soldiers in front of a timber weatherboard building.On the back written in texta is Mrs O. Pell.photograph, ww1 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Memorabilia, 3. 1991
Original owner of memorabilia Mr FREDRICK CARLETON. Please see Cat 142 for Service History.1. Photograph: Paper, black and white half portrait of CARLETON Fred with service medals. 2. Notes - handwritten on paper. 3. Service order - paper folded. Presbyterian Church Bendigo. 4, & 5. Dust cover - paper with title, "THE EIGHTH ARMY". Illustrated montage of black and white photographs on both sides. Cover torn in half.1. Handwritten top of photograph - blue ink 'FRED CARLETON". 2. Handwritten on note paper, blue ink CORPORAL FRED/ CARLETON/ Pgs 34, 89, 90,95/96, 97, - Page numbers refer to the book "MUD AND BLOOD" Cat no 4840photographs, ww2, memorabilia -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph, Vincent Allen Photographer, A Company No 4 Section 3rd AASC Camp Bendigo
John Henry Charles Kirby VX30148 POB Creswick. P.O.W. captured Singapore Feb 1942. Fate: survived and RTA.Black & White group portrait mounted on cardboard backing. The backing piece has a few decorative lines around the borders, The title is above the portrait. Below the portrait are the names of the soldiers. there are 16 men in the photo. Centre row, 2nd from right is Pte. J.H. Kirby.ww2, aasc, pow -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PORTRAIT OF A WW1 SOLDIER, Bartlett Brothers Photographer, c1918-1925
... shoulder. No name on portrait. Photograph PORTRAIT OF A WW1 SOLDIER ...Oval shaped portrait of chest and head of a WW1 soldier. The photo is mounted on a cardboard backing. The soldier is hatless. He wears glasses. He is wearing a Sam Brown belt over his army uniform. He is wearing two ribbons that appear to be WW1 issue. On his left upper arm is part of a triangular shape colour patch. On his eppaulettes are the copper "Australia" badge. He has a small diameter lanyard over his left shoulder. No name on portrait.Nilww1, bendigo, portrait -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book - PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE, LATCHFORD Mark, "LETTERS TO LILY VALE, ERNEST LATCHFORD MBE MC, in France, Persia, and Russia, 1916-1919", 2020
Collection of transcribed correspondence written by Ern Latchford from 1916-1919, nearly all addressed to his fiancee and later wife, Linda Dehnert of 'Lily Vale' Ballan.Correspondence written to fiancee and later wife. Soft cover book. Soft cover - cardboard, black and white print on front, spine and book cover illustrated with montage of photographs in yellow sepia colours. Portrait, House, landscape with buildings in background. 328 pages, semi gloss white, illustrated black and white photographs and colour maps.book, letters, ww1, biography -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PORTRAITS, Paramount Photo. J. Solomon, Jerusalem, Photos of Jack Parsons in the Middle East
... . Photograph PORTRAITS Paramount Photo. J. Solomon, Jerusalem. ...Photos/postcards are addressed with much affection to "Thel". 1. B & W portrait of soldier with peaked cap. Aust Rising Sun is on the cap and he is wearing a great coat. He has a moustache. 2. B & W studio portrait of soldier seated. He has his slouch hat folded down with the chin strap on. He has a triangle colour patch on right shoulder, He is wearing leather leggings. 3. B & W portrait of Jack Parsons in a type of Arabic costume. Tents in background. On rear it states "Middle East - Jack Parsons 1940." The moustache has gone. 4. B & W full length portrait. Jack Parsons in uniform with an Arabic style head-dress. Tents in background. 5. Seated portrait of Jack Parsons in uniform. He has a peaked cap, jersey and an MP armband. 6. B & W photo of soldier standing beside a vehicle which has the bonnet up. On the rear is written 25/11/40 to Thel from Jack. Palestine. 7. B & W portrait of soldier standing at ease. He has a peaked cap. Uniform shorts, long socks & shoes. He is wearing a pistol holster on his left hip. On the the back is written "Jack Parsons, Middle East 1940," 8. B & W photo of Jack Parsons in civilian attire, dark shirt & tie. A jacket with light trim. Light coloured trousers. No moustache. On the rear is written "Jack Parsons, Bankstown". 2. The green ink has run. From " Alexandria - Egypt."photos, ww2 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - CARD & PHOTOGRAPHS, AUST LIGHT HORSE WW1, The Australian Memorial Card Co
In WW1 the Australian Light Horse served from the Suez Canal right around through Palestine - Syria.1. Memorial Card. Black cardboard with gold printing. It is a religious article with images and prayers. In the top centre is an oval shaped hole with a B & W portrait of an Aust soldier. Slouch hat with side up. 2. Set of 31 B & W photos depicting scenes of light horse activity. Beaches - Middle East buildings - locals - repairing train lines - daily life - campsites - ships off shore etc.Thomas McGinty, Beloved son of Catherine Power. "Who gave his life for the Empire. At Gallipoli, Turkey, August 13 - 1915. Aged 33 years.ww1, middle east, light horse -
Bendigo Military Museum
Postcard - POSTCARD PHOTOGRAPH, Whitney Bros Electric Studio, C.1940
The photo is Douglas Niven Dean VX32652 2nd AIF, enlisted 15/7/1940, age 23 years, posted 7th Div A.A.S.Corp, served in siege of Tobruk, Middle East, New Guinea and Borneo, discharged on 7.12.1945. He was a member of the Bendigo Rats of Tobruk Association, served as secretary 1978 - 87 incl, Jnr V Pres 1992 - 95 and was a life Member of the Association.Postcard photo, portrait, B & W, shows a soldier in uniform, slouch hat, Rising sun collar badges, diamond shape colour patch showing on left arm, rear re post card has space for stamp, address and correspondence, faint makers stamp.On rear in blue ink, “Doug Dean”tobruk, 7th div, aasc, -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH, FRAMED, Vincent Kelly, Bendigo, C.1942
... ARMD BDE GROUP. Photographs framed portraits On Front, “Vincent ...The photo is Roy Leslie THURLOW VX77313, enlisted 26.3.1942 in Bendigo, discharged on 2.11.1945 as a Trooper in HQ 1 ARMD BDE GROUP.Photograph framed, sepia tone photo of a soldier in uniform with beret on, fawn backing cardboard, frame is wood ornate brown and gold tint.On Front, “Vincent Kelly Bendigo”photographs, framed, portraits -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Portrait, Jan Feder
... and white photographic portrait of Jan Feder. Jan Feder Photograph ...Jan Feder studied Ceramics at the Gippsland Centre for Art and Design. After her untimely death the staff and students created a memorial ceramics collection in her honour. Black and white photographic portrait of Jan Feder.jan feder, jan feder memorial ceramics collection, jan lorraine feder, alumni -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Portrait, Jan Feder
... Feder Photograph Portrait ...Jan Feder was a student at the Gippsland Centre of Art and Design in the 1980s. She had started studying ceramics in Adelaide, deciding to continue here study at Churchill under Hedley Potts' tutelage after moving to Strezlecki. In her final year Jan was an on-campus weekday resident to save on the travel time. After Jan's untimely death in 1981 a ceramics collection was amassed to her memory, featuring work of international, national and local significance. Funds were raised by Jan's student peers at the Gippsland Centre for Art and Design, and although many of the works were donated the intention was to purchase from visiting lecturers who became leading ceramic artists around the world, as well as from many of the staff who taught at the Churchill Campus.Black and white photographic portrait of Jan Feder sitting in the doorway of a slab hut. jan feder, jan feder memorial ceramics collection, jan lorraine feder, alumni, gippsland centre for art and design, gcad -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Portrait, Jan Feder at a Pottery Wheel
... throwing a pot. Jan Feder at a Pottery Wheel Photograph Portrait ...Jan Feder studied Ceramics at the Gippsland Centre for Art and Design. After her untimely death the staff and students created a memorial ceramics collection in her honour. Black and white photographic portrait of Jan sitting at a pottery wheel throwing a pot.jan feder, jan feder memorial ceramics collection, jan lorraine feder, alumni -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, VIOSH: Portrait of Dr Eric Wigglesworth, AM
... Colour photograph VIOSH: Portrait of Dr Eric Wigglesworth, AM ...Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VIOSH) Australia is the Asia-Pacific centre for teaching and research in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is known as one of Australia's leaders in the field. VIOSH has a global reputation for its innovative approach within the field of OHS management. VIOSH had its first intake of students in 1979. At that time the Institution was known as the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. In 1990 it became known as Ballarat University College, then in 1994 as University of Ballarat. It was 2014 that it became Federation University. VIOSH Australia students are safety managers, senior advisors and experienced OHS professionals. They come from all over Australia and industry. Students are taught active research and enquiry; rather than textbook learning and a one-size fits all approach. VIOSH accepts people into the Graduate Diploma of Occupational Hazard Management who have no undergraduate degree - on the basis of extensive work experience and knowledge. Eric Wigglesworth was born in England in 1926. He came to Australia in the 1960s. He was a specialist in accident injury prevention and continued this when in Australia. He was a Director of the Injury Research Project at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and a Director of the Sir Robert Menzies Memorial Foundation. He became a Fellow of the Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Eric was instrumental in establishing the Graduate Diploma in Occupational Hazard Management in 1980 at Ballarat College of Advanced Education - the first tertiary-level course in accidental injury prevention in Australia. This course and others relating to Occupational Health and Safety were the centre of study for what was known as the Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Australia - VIOSH.Colour photographviosh, victorian institute of occupational safety and health, ballarat college of advanced education, eric wigglesworth, accident injury prevention, royal australasian college of surgeons, sir robert menzies memorial foundation, occupational hazard management, graduate diploma -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Portrait, Winter Olympian Phillip Bellingham, c2014
... Olympian Phillip Bellingham Photograph Portrait ...Phillip Bellingham skied for Australia in the 2014 and the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. He studied Sports Science at the University of Ballarat (later Federation University)Colour photograph of a snow skier competing in the Sochi Winter Olympic Gamesphillip bellingham, olympian, winter olympian, skier, alumni, winter olympics -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Group portrait, World Skills Australia Ballarat/Wimmera Team, Sydney 2008, 2008
... Photograph Group portrait ...A group portrait of twenty University of Ballarat TAFE students who competed in World Skills Australiaworld skills australia, alumni, tafe -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Photographs, Bob Wilson, Framed Photos and Medals - McIntyre Family, 2016
These photographs and medals are of the McIntyre family. Three members of Lara's McIntyre family served during the First and Second World Wars, and two were members of the Lara RSL. John Lachlan McIntyre was born at Beeac, Victoria in December 1890. He enlisted in the 1st AIF in July 1915. John fought on the Western Front, taking part in the battles of Fromelles and the 2nd Battle of the Somme. He was severely wounded at Fromelles and spent 12 months in hospital in England before returning to the front. John returned home in 1919 and was granted a soldier settlement block in Lara in 1937. He was a founding member of Lara RSL and is its longest serving member. John died in 1990. Thomas Gordon McIntyre was born at Lara in 1901. Thomas, known as Gordon, was too young to enlist in the First World War with his brothers. At the outbreak of the Second World War he joined the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion. He fought in the Syrian Campaign, before being recalled to Australia to fight in the pacific campaign. Gordon was wounded in a battle against the Japanese in Java on the 19/02/1942, and taken prisoner. No record of him after this was ever discovered, and he is presumed to have been killed. Jim McIntyre was born in 1893, and grew up in Lara and Geelong. Jim enlisted in the 1st AIF in 1916, and served with the 14th Battalion through the war. He was wounded twice. Jim died in 1976. The McIntyre family were early pioneers in the Lara district, and the brothers were founding members of the Lara RSL. Their medals and photographs represent a significant link to the history of the town and sub-branch. Three photographs and three sets of medals in a pine wood frame with glass covering. Photographs are black and white portraits of soldiers in uniform mounted on cream card. The medals are mounted on black felt. T.G. McIntyre VX20754 - 35-45 Star, Africa Star, Pacific Star, Defence Medal, War Medal and the Australian Service Medal 39-45. J.L. McIntyre 3591 - War Medal and Victory Medal J.W. McIntyre 7049 - War Medal and Victory Medal J.L. McIntyre REG. No. 3591 58th. BATT. 1st A.I.F Foundation Member Lara R.S.L 1890 - 1990 REG. NO. VX20754 T.G. MC INTYRE 2/2nd PIONEERS 2nd A.I.F 7049 J.W. McINTYRE 14th BTN. 1893-1975photograph, mcintyre, medals, wwi, wwii, world war 1, world war 2, aif, pioneers, lara, rsl